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32-467: Lieutenant-General John Cutts, 1st Baron Cutts , PC (Ire) (1661 – 25 January 1707) was an English Army officer, author, politician and peer. Cutts was born about 1661 at Woodhall, Arkesden , Essex , the second son of Richard Cutte or Cuttes and Joan Everard (daughter of Sir Richard Everard ). The family were descended from Sir John Cutts, who had been Treasurer of the Household to Henry VIII . After

64-795: A vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries. The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the Reign of Queen Elizabeth II , the St Edward's Crown , commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of King Charles III in 2022,

96-400: A commissioner for settling the bank of Antwerp in the following year, distinguishing himself again at the famous Siege of Namur (1695) , winning the name "Salamander" by his indifference to the heaviest fire. Though shot in the head while leading an attack against the citadel, he recovered to lead his men to the capture of the works. Thereafter court service and war service alternated. Cutts

128-418: A short university career at Catharine Hall , Cambridge , he inherited the family estates, but showed a distinct preference for the life of court and camp. The double ambition for military and literary fame inspired his first work, which appeared in 1685 under the name La Muse de cavalier , or An Apology for such Gentlemen as make Poetry their Diversion not their Business . The next year saw Cutts serving as

160-681: A volunteer under the Duke of Lorraine in Hungary , and it is said that he was the first to plant the imperial standard on the walls at the storming of Buda (July 1686). In 1687 he published a book of Poetical Exercises . The following year he was serving as lieutenant-colonel in Holland . General Hugh Mackay described Cutts about this time as "pretty tall, lusty and well shaped, an agreeable companion with abundance of wit, affable and familiar, but too much seized with vanity and self-conceit". Lieutenant-Colonel Cutts

192-530: Is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines . It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank ; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations. Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general , but subordinate to a (full) general . The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8 , equivalent to

224-707: Is one of the first professional football clubs in the Netherlands. In recent years it has been a yo-yo club , winning the Eerste Divisie in 2009 and 2017 and being promoted to the highest Dutch professional football league, the Eredivisie , as a result. The headquarters of multinational printing-equipment firm Océ , today a part of the Japanese firm Canon , is located in Venlo, as is the headquarters of Cimpress , parent company of

256-675: The Sicherheitsdienst in what became known as the Venlo Incident . The incident was used by the Nazis to link Great Britain to Georg Elser 's failed assassination of Hitler at the Bürgerbräukeller the day before and to justify their later invasion of the Netherlands , a neutral country, on 10 May 1940. Venlo had both a road and a railway bridge over the Meuse ( Dutch : Maas ). The city

288-451: The Royal Air Force maintained the rank of lieutenant general. It was superseded by the rank of air marshal on the following day. Although Sir David Henderson was an RAF lieutenant general, the then RAF Chief-of-Staff Sir Hugh Trenchard never held this rank. Additionally, the retired Royal Navy admiral John de Mestre Hutchison held an honorary RAF commission in the rank of lieutenant general. The RAF lieutenant general rank insignia

320-670: The Ruhr area within one hour. Venlo railway station is a junction station . It provides regular connections to the Dutch cities of Eindhoven , Roermond and Nijmegen . Furthermore, it provides regular international connections to Germany, via Kaldenkirchen (the first stop in Germany), Viersen and Mönchengladbach to Düsseldorf and Hamm . VVV-Venlo is a century-old football club that plays in De Koel Stadium . Founded on 7 February 1903, it

352-538: The Tudor Crown , commonly known as the King's Crown, has been used. Ordinarily, lieutenant general is the rank held by the officer in command of an entire battlefield corps . The General Officer Commanding NATO's Allied Rapid Reaction Corps is a British lieutenant general. Historically, I Corps and II Corps were commanded by British lieutenant generals. Additionally, three lieutenant general appointments also exist within

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384-603: The Vistaprint brand. Also, the European headquarters of one of the world's largest direct selling companies Amway and the American office supply retailing company Office Depot are located in the city of Venlo. In 2017 also the international onlineshop vidaXL moved its headquarters and warehouse to Venlo. Greenport Venlo is one of designated five Greenports in the Netherlands. It is the second largest concentration of horticulture in

416-612: The county of Cambridge , and in Queen Anne 's first Parliament he was returned for Newport in the Isle of Wight, for which he sat until the time of his death. He was twice married, but left no issue. Cutts' old Cambridge college, St Catharine's, organised a dinner to commemorate the tercentenary of his death, held in January 2007. Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom) Lieutenant general ( Lt Gen ), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general ,

448-791: The Netherlands. Seen in conjunction with the neighbouring German region of Niederrhein (Lower Rhine), Greenport Venlo is even the largest in Europe. Together, the Greenport area Venlo and the agro business area "Lower Rhine" in Germany form a region where more than 30 million of people live. This region is a unique and vital international network of business, research, universities and politics. The cooperation revolves around stimulating innovation, creating an attractive working and living environment and integral regional development. The network offers broad chances and future possibilities to analyse, use and further develop

480-795: The city of Venlo was besieged several times. The most significant siege was that of 1702, carried on by Menno van Coehoorn . Consequently, Venlo was incorporated into the Generaliteitslanden of the United Provinces at the Treaty of 1713 . After the Napoleonic Wars it became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands . In 1839-1866 Venlo was not a part of German Confederation , completely surrounded by its territory. On 9 November 1939, two British Intelligence Service agents were kidnapped by

512-545: The command of the brigade of the prince of Hesse (wounded at Aughrim in July 1691), and on the surrender of Limerick was appointed commandant of the town. In the following year he served again in Flanders as a brigadier. His brigade of Mackay's division had been almost destroyed at Steinkirk in August 1692. At this battle Cutts himself was wounded. For some time after this, Lord Cutts

544-458: The discriminatory laws and growing hate in Germany. 6 years after the end of The Holocaust and the first wave of Jewish immigration to Israel there were 32 Jewish people left in Venlo. By the late 1990s, drug-related nuisance had become a problem in the centre of Venlo. National and municipal officials launched the Q-4 Project and Tango initiatives that, amongst other measures, included moving

576-485: The east, from inside Germany itself. About 300 people were killed due to those raids. The raids also cost Venlo a major part of its historical buildings. However, some old buildings, such as the city hall (the 'Stadhuis') and the 'Römer' house, survived the war relatively unscathed. Before the war, Venlo had a small Jewish community. In 1930 there were 86 Jewish people living in Venlo. In the next decade this number rose to about 248, because German Jews were trying to evade

608-885: The extant British Army 's Headquarters. They are the Commander Field Army , the Commander Home Command and the Chief of Materiel (Land) in Defence Equipment and Support (double-hatted as the Quartermaster-General to the Forces ). Although the senior appointment in the Royal Marines , the Commandant General , has since 1996 held the lower rank of major general , prior to this date the Commandant General

640-514: The factors of success and failure better than his critics. On this occasion Swift lampooned the lieutenant-general in his Ode to a Salamander . Cutts made the campaign of 1703 in Flanders, and in 1704, after a visit to England, he rejoined Marlborough on the banks of the Danube . At Blenheim (August 1704) he was third in command, and it was his division that. bore the brunt of the desperate fighting at

672-519: The little evidence there is concerning the location of Sablones speaks against this thought while there is no evidence in support of it. Blerick, on the west bank, was known as Blariacum . Documents from the 9th century mention Venlo as a trade post; it developed into one of the more important ones in the Meuse - Rhine area, receiving city rights in 1343, and becoming a member of the Hanseatic League in 1375. Because of its strategic importance,

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704-509: The opening campaign of the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701-1714, and at the 1702 siege of Venlo , conspicuous as usual for romantic bravery, he led the stormers at Fort Saint Michael . His enemies, and even the survivors of the assault, were amazed at the success of a seemingly hare-brained enterprise. Probably, however, Cutts, who was now a veteran of great and varied experience, measured

736-465: The town's largest coffeeshops to the outskirts, where they continue to do business, while the city centre was freed from disturbances. In 2001, the municipalities of Belfeld and Tegelen were merged into the municipality of Venlo. Tegelen was originally part of the Duchy of Jülich centuries ago, whereas Venlo has a past in the Duchy of Guelders . On 1 January 2010, the municipality of Arcen en Velden ,

768-562: The tunnel in the centre and the Maas bridge. Venlo, being a city with a 100,000-plus population, is served by a large number of schools both at primary and secondary education levels. In addition, Venlo is a higher-education hub within the southern Netherlands, with several institutes of higher education. Venlo hosts three institutes of higher education: Venlo is connected to Germany by two motorways ( Bundesautobahn 40 and Bundesautobahn 61 ), which connect to Düsseldorf , Duisburg , Cologne and

800-450: The village which gave its name to the battle. Blenheim was Cutts's last battle. On 23 March 1705 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Ireland , his last appointment. He retained formal command of the Irish army until his death. His remaining years were spent at home, and, at the time of his death, he was the holder of eight distinct political and military offices. He sat in five parliaments for

832-538: Was a lieutenant general or full general . However, given that a few more senior positions in the British Armed Forces are open to officers from different services, Royal Marines officers can and do reach the rank of lieutenant general, being posted to Joint Forces or Ministry of Defence postings. Examples include Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Fry , Lieutenant-General Sir James Dutton and Lieutenant-General Sir David Capewell . From 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919,

864-691: Was deep in the confidence of William III, and acted as a diplomatic agent in the negotiations which ended in the Peace of Ryswick of 1697. On the occasion of the great fire in Whitehall (1698) Cutts, at the head of the Coldstreamers, earned afresh the honourable nickname of "the Salamander". Later Captain Richard Steele worked as his private secretary. In 1702, as a major-general , Cutts served under Marlborough in

896-552: Was lieutenant-governor of the Isle of Wight (in office: 1694-1707), but he returned to active service in 1694, holding a command in the disastrous Brest expedition of June 1694. He was one of Carmarthen 's companions in the daring reconnaissance of Camaret Bay , and was soon afterwards again wounded. As colonel of the Coldstream Guards Cutts succeeded Talmash , commander of the expedition, who died of his wounds. He served as

928-466: Was merged into the municipality of Venlo. In 2003 Venlo was awarded the title "Greenest city of Europe". Venlo was the host of Floriade 2012 , the world's largest horticultural exhibition. In 2013, Venlo won the prestigious 'Best City Centre of the Netherlands' award. It amazed the jury by all the investments which have been made in the last couple of years in the Maas Boulevard, the railway station,

960-692: Was one of William III 's companions in the English Revolution of 1688 , and in 1690 he went in command of a regiment of foot in Ireland , where he served with distinction. He served with distinction at the Battle of the Boyne (July 1690), and at the siege of Limerick (1690) (where he was wounded), and King William created him Baron Cutts , of Gowran, in the Peerage of Ireland , on 12 December 1690. In 1691 he succeeded to

992-466: Was severely damaged by bombing raids (13 October – 19 November 1944) on the bridges at the end of the war. Allied forces made 13 attempts to destroy the bridges to cut the German supply lines and block a retreat of the German army across the river. These failed, and it was the retreating German troops who in the end blew up the bridges in an attempt to stop the allied advance. Allied forces liberated Venlo from

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1024-530: Was similar to the naval rank insignia for a vice-admiral , with a broad band of gold being worn on the cuff with two narrower bands above it. Unlike the naval insignia, the RAF lieutenant general insignia did not have an executive curl . Venlo Roman and Celtic coins have been found in Venlo; it was speculated to have been the settlement known as Sablones on the Roman road connecting Maastricht with Xanten , but

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