Signage is the design or use of signs and symbols to communicate a message. Signage also means signs collectively or being considered as a group. The term signage is documented to have been popularized in 1975 to 1980.
79-647: A barber's pole is a type of sign used by barbers to signify the place or shop where they perform their craft. The trade sign is, by a tradition dating back to the Middle Ages , a staff or pole with a helix of colored stripes (often red and white in many countries, but usually red, white and blue in Canada, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, and the United States). The pole may be stationary or may rotate, often with
158-529: A throbber to tell the user that processing is continuing, although it is not known when the processing will complete. Barber pole is also sometimes used to describe a text pattern where a line of text is rolled left or right one character on the line below. The CHARGEN service generates a form of this pattern. It is used to test RAM , hard disks and printers. A similar pattern is also used in secure erasure of media. The strength and direction of magnetic fields and electric currents can be measured using
237-431: A " magnetoresistive barber-pole sensor" (also called a "hermetic proximity sensor"), and its performance can be depicted using a mathematical formula. Such a sensor interleaves a series of permanent magnet strips with a series of magnetoresistive strips. The "conductive barberpole strips are canted across the sensor and connect one magnetoresistive strip, over a permanent magnet strip, to another magnetoresistive strip." This
316-583: A collection of more than 800 prescriptions. It lists over 700 different drugs. In ancient India, the Sushruta Samhita , a compendium on the practice of medicine and medical formulations, has been traced back to the 1st century BC. The Shen-nung pen ts'ao ching , a Chinese book on agriculture and medicinal plants (3rd century AD), is considered a foundational material for Chinese medicine and herbalism and became an important source for Chinese apothecaries. The book, which documented 365 treatments, had
395-466: A complex service or retail environment. Pictograms are images commonly used to convey the message of a sign. In statutory signage, pictograms follow specific sets of colour, shape and sizing rules based on the laws of the country in which the signage is being displayed. For example, In UK and EU signage, the width of a sign's pictogram must be 80% the height of the area it is printed to. In the US, to comply with
474-515: A danger and a nuisance in the narrow ways as the city streets became more congested with vehicular traffic. Over time, authorities were forced to regulate the size and placement of exterior signage. In 1669, a French royal order prohibited the excessive size of sign boards and their projection too far over the streets. In Paris in 1761, and in London, about 1762–1773, laws were introduced which gradually compelled sign boards to be removed or fixed flat against
553-617: A downwing fashion". Photo of Madsen's Barber Pole Fly, parachute form. The phrase barber pole is derisive jargon in craps , and refers to the commingling of " gaming cheques of different denominations". Wagers that combine different denominations are "supposed to be stacked with the highest denomination at the bottom". Red or rubric posts were sometimes used by booksellers in England prior to 1800. William Roberts reports in The Book Hunter in London that certain 18th-century bookshops in
632-470: A focus on roots and grass. It had treatments which came from minerals, roots and grass, and animals. Many of the mentioned drugs and their uses are still followed today. Ginseng's use as a sexual stimulant and aid for erectile dysfunction stems from this book. Ma huang, an herb first mentioned in the book, led to the introduction of the drug ephedrine into modern medicine. According to Sharif Kaf al-Ghazal, and S. Hadzovic, apothecary shops existed during
711-479: A gesture or a motion of the hand. This, in turn, stems from Latin 'signum' indicating an"identifying mark, token, indication, symbol; proof; military standard, ensign; a signal, an omen; sign in the heavens, constellation." In the English , the term is also associated with a flag or ensign. In France , a banner not infrequently took the place of signs or sign boards in the Middle Ages . Signs, however, are best known in
790-701: A means of conveying their information or as a way to increase visibility. Neon signs , introduced in 1910 at the Paris Motor Show , are produced by the craft of bending glass tubing into shapes. A worker skilled in this craft is known as a glass bender, neon or tube bender. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs ) are frequently used in signs for both general illumination, display of alphanumeric characters with animation effects, or as part of multi-pixel video displays. LED signs became common at sport venues, businesses, churches, schools, and government buildings. Brightness of LED signs can vary, leading to some municipalities in
869-445: A particular audience. This is typically manifested in the form of wayfinding information in places such as streets or on the inside and outside buildings. Signs vary in form and size based on location and intent, from more expansive banners , billboards , and murals , to smaller street signs , street name signs , sandwich boards and lawn signs. Newer signs may also use digital or electronic displays. The main purpose of signs
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#1732894409171948-702: A shave if nothing more urgent was needed (blue). After the formation of the United Barber Surgeon's Company in England , a statute required the barber to use a red and white pole and the surgeon to use a red pole. In the Kingdom of France , surgeons used a red pole with a basin attached to identify their offices. Blue often appears on poles in the United States , possibly as a homage to its national colors. Another, more fanciful interpretation of these barber pole colors
1027-439: A sign can help to convey its message. Shape can be brand- or design-based, or can be part of a set of signage conventions used to standardize sign meaning. Usage of particular shapes may vary by country and culture. Some common signage shape conventions are as follows: Below is a list of commonly used materials in signmaking shops. Below is a list of commonly used processes in signmaking shops. Signs frequently use lighting as
1106-430: A sign, otherwise he shall forfeit his ale ." Legislation was intended to make public houses easily visible to passing inspectors of the quality of the ale they provided (during this period, drinking water was not always good to drink and ale was the usual replacement). In 1393 a publican was prosecuted for failing to display signs . The practice of using signs spread to other types of commercial establishments throughout
1185-416: A trademark in the form of a white rabbit which signified good luck and was particularly relevant to the primary purchasers, women with limited literacy. Details in the image show a white rabbit crushing herbs, and included advice to shoppers to look for the stone white rabbit in front of the maker's shop. Thus, the image served as an early form of brand recognition. Eckhart and Bengtsson have argued that during
1264-550: A type of endorsement. These would be described by the people without consideration of the language of heraldry , and thus such signs as the Red Lion, the Green Dragon, etc., have become familiar, especially as pub signs. By the 17th and 18th centuries, the number of commercial houses actively displaying the royal arms on their premises, packaging and labelling had increased, but many claims of royal endorsement were fraudulent. By 1840,
1343-426: A variety of devices to differentiate themselves. Sometimes the trader used a rebus on his own name (e.g. two cocks for the name of Cox); sometimes he adopted a figure of an animal or other object, or portrait of a well-known person, which he considered likely to attract attention. Other signs used the common association of two heterogeneous objects, which (apart from those representing a rebus) were in some cases merely
1422-445: A whimsical combination, but in others arose from a popular misconception of the sign itself (e.g. the combination of the leg and star may have originated in a representation of the insignia of the garter), or from corruption in popular speech (e.g. the combination goat and compasses is said by some to be a corruption of God encompasses). Around this time, some manufacturers began to adapt the coats of arms or badges of noble families as
1501-472: Is apoteker , which was borrowed from the Dutch apotheker . In Yiddish the word is אַפּטייק apteyk . Use of the term in the names of businesses varies with time and location. It is generally an Americanism, though some areas of the United States use it to invoke an experience of nostalgic revival and it has been used for a wide variety of businesses; while in other areas such as California its use
1580-459: Is an archaic English term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses materia medica (medicine) to physicians , surgeons and patients. The modern terms 'pharmacist' and 'chemist' (British English) have taken over this role. In some languages and regions, "apothecary" is not archaic and has become those languages' term for "pharmacy" or a pharmacist who owns one. Apothecaries' investigation of herbal and chemical ingredients
1659-1099: Is current and used to designate a pharmacist/chemist, such as Dutch and German Apotheker , Hungarian patikus , Irish poitigéir , Latvian aptiekārs and Luxembourgish Apdikter . Likewise, "pharmacy" translates as apotek in Danish , Norwegian and Swedish , apteekki in Finnish , apoteka in Bosnian , patika in Hungarian, aptieka in Latvian , апотека ( apoteka ) in Serbian , аптека ( apteka ) in Russian , Bulgarian , Macedonian and Ukrainian , Apotheke in German and apteka in Polish . The word in Indonesian
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#17328944091711738-468: Is legally obligated to be run at all times by at least one Apotheker (male) or Apothekerin (female), who actually has an academic degree as a pharmacist – in German Pharmazeut (male) or Pharmazeutin (female) – and has obtained the professional title Apotheker by either working in the field for numerous years, usually by working in a pharmacy store, or taking additional exams. Thus a Pharmazeut
1817-644: Is likely related to the Caduceus , the staff of the Greek god of speed and commerce Hermes , evidenced for example by early physician van Helmont's description of himself as " Francis Mercurius Van Helmont , A Philosopher by that one in whom are all things, A Wandering Hermite . At the Council of Tours in 1163 , the Roman Catholic clergy was banned from the practice of surgery. From then, physicians were clearly separated from
1896-489: Is noon apothecarie, I shal myself to herbes techen yow, That shul been for youre hele and for youre prow. In modern English, this can be translated as: ... and you should not linger, Though in this town there is no apothecary, I shall teach you about herbs myself, That will be for your health and for your pride. In Renaissance Italy , Italian Nuns became a prominent source for medicinal needs. At first they used their knowledge in non-curative uses in
1975-547: Is not always an Apotheker . Magdalena Neff became the first woman to gain a medical qualification in Germany when she studied pharmacy at the Technical University of Karlsruhe and later passed the apothecary's examination in 1906. Apothecaries used their own measurement system, the apothecaries' system , to provide precise weighing of small quantities. Apothecaries dispensed vials of poisons as well as medicines, and as
2054-401: Is restricted to licensed pharmacies. The profession of apothecary can be dated back at least to 2600 BC to ancient Babylon , which provides one of the earliest records of the practice of the apothecary. Clay tablets have been found with medical texts recording symptoms, prescriptions, and the directions for compounding. The Papyrus Ebers from ancient Egypt, written around 1500 BC, contain
2133-536: Is said to provide a "uniform magnetic field throughout the sensor" thereby enhancing its resistance to external magnetic fields. The technology is used in wireless sensor networks which "have gathered a lot of attention as an important research domain" and were "deployed in many applications, e.g., navigation , military, ambient intelligence , medical, and industrial tasks. Context-based processing and services, in particular location-context, are of key interest ..." (See Music (acoustic illusion) , infra.) The term on
2212-404: Is sometimes also referred to as "barber pole candy" due to its colorful, swirled appearance. (See also candy cane .) "Candy stripe" is a generic description of the candy cane color scheme . Among many other names, the candy has been called Polkagris . In user interface design, a barber pole-like pattern is used in progress bars when the wait time is indefinite. It is intended to be used like
2291-404: Is still the case, medicines could be either beneficial or harmful if inappropriately used. Protective methods to prevent accidental ingestion of poisons included the use of specially-shaped containers for potentially poisonous substances such as laudanum . Apothecary businesses were typically family-run, and wives or other women of the family worked alongside their husbands in the shops, learning
2370-458: Is that red represents arterial blood, blue is symbolic of venous blood, and white depicts the bandage. Prior to 1950, there were four manufacturers of barber poles in the United States. In 1950, William Marvy of St. Paul, Minnesota , started manufacturing barber poles. Marvy made his 50,000th barber pole in 1967, and, by 2010, over 82,000 had been produced. The William Marvy Company is now
2449-421: Is the last remaining Flower-class corvette. The "Barberpole Cat" group, a/k/a " Polecats "—perhaps a portmanteau of "barber's pole" and "catalogue"—is an essential repertoire of 12 songs that every barber shop quartet should know. The Barberpole Cat Program was created many years ago and features popular Barbershop songs arranged and voiced so all singers can learn and participate. For decades these have been
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2528-441: Is to communicate, to convey information designed to assist the receiver with decision-making based on the information provided. Alternatively, promotional signage may be designed to persuade receivers of the merits of a given product or service. Signage is distinct from labeling , which conveys information about a particular product or service. The term, ' sign' comes from the old French signe (noun), signer (verb), meaning
2607-490: The 94th Aero Squadron USAS in early 1919 used variations on barber pole patterns, including: "Barber Pole" of Lieutenant Dudley "Red" Outcault; S.16546 "Flag Bus" of Captain Reed Chambers ; and "Rising Sun" of Lieutenant John Jeffers. Used in flyfishing , Au Sable River guide Earl Madsen 's "Madsen's Barber pole" is a traditional Michigan fly in the form of a " Stonefly " imitation "with grizzly hackle tip wings tied in
2686-503: The ADA Accessibility Guidelines , the same pictogram must be located within its own defined field, with raised characters and braille located beneath the field. For a pictogram to be successful it must be recognizable across cultures and languages, even if there is no text present. Following standard color and shape conventions increases the likelihood that the pictogram and sign will be universally understood. The shape of
2765-706: The Middle Ages in Baghdad , operated by pharmacists in 754 during the Abbasid Caliphate , or Islamic Golden Age . Apothecaries were also active in Al-Andalus by the 11th century. By the end of the 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer ( c. 1342 –1400) was mentioning an English apothecary in the Canterbury Tales , specifically " The Nun's Priest's Tale " as Pertelote speaks to Chauntecleer (lines 181–184): ... and for ye shal nat tarie, Though in this toun
2844-401: The Middle Ages , barbers performed surgery on customers, as well as tooth extractions . The original pole had a brassen wash basin at the top (representing the vessel in which leeches were kept) and bottom (representing the basin that received the blood). The pole itself represents the staff that the patient gripped during the procedure to encourage blood flow, and the twined pole motif
2923-453: The United States banning their use due to issues such as light pollution . Signage is the most visual part of wayfinding. A good wayfinding system needs well designed signage, but it also has to be well placed and to match the user's language. There are four types of signs most commonly used which help navigate users and give them appropriate information. They are: Apothecary Apothecary ( / ə ˈ p ɒ θ ə k ər i / )
3002-432: The 16th and 17th centuries, when they reached their greatest vogue) but the posts or metal supports protruding from the houses over the street, from which the signs were swung, were often elaborately worked, and many beautiful examples of wrought-iron supports survive both in England and continental Europe. Exterior signs were a prominent feature of the streets of London from the 16th century. Large overhanging signs became
3081-780: The Italian peninsula. From the 15th century to the 16th century, the apothecary gained the status of a skilled practitioner. In London, the apothecaries merited their own livery company , the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries , founded in 1617. Its roots, however, go back much earlier to the Guild of Pepperers formed in London in 1180. Similarly in Ireland, Apothecaries were organized since before 1446. In Ireland and Great Britain they were allowed to diagnose in addition to compounding and dispensing, becoming regulated general medical practitioners and
3160-529: The Little Britain district of London sported such poles: A few years before Nichols published [in 1816] his Literary Anecdotes , two booksellers used to sport their rubric posts close to each other here in Little Britain, and these rubric posts were once as much the type of a bookseller's shop as the pole is of a barber's ... Sewell, Cornhill, and Kecket and De Hondt, Strand, were among the last to use these curious trade signs. The famous Barber Pole Group
3239-555: The Middle Ages. Similar legislation was enacted in Europe. For instance, in France edicts were issued 1567 and 1577, compelling innkeepers and tavern-keepers to erect signs. Large towns, where many premises practiced the same trade, and especially, where these congregated in the same street, a simple trade sign was insufficient to distinguish one house from another. Thus, traders began to employ
Barber's pole - Misplaced Pages Continue
3318-772: The Renaissance into Industrialization (maybe even until the 1700s in some places), a "barber-surgeon" also performed tooth extraction , cupping , leeching , bloodletting , enemas , amputations , etc. However, today's barber poles represent little more than being a barbershop that cuts hair and does shaves. Barber poles have actually become a topic of controversy in the hairstyling business. In some American states, such as Michigan in March 2012, legislation has emerged proposing that barber poles should only be permitted outside barbershops, but not traditional beauty salons. Barbers and cosmetologists have engaged in several legal battles claiming
3397-511: The Song dynasty, Chinese society developed a consumerist culture, where a high level of consumption was attainable for a wide variety of ordinary consumers rather than just the elite. The rise of a consumer culture prompted the commercial investment in carefully managed company image , retail signage , symbolic brands, trademark protection and sophisticated brand concepts. During the Medieval period,
3476-436: The aid of an electric motor . A "barber's pole" with a helical stripe is a familiar sight, and is used as a secondary metaphor to describe objects in many other contexts. For example, if the shaft or tower of a lighthouse has been painted with a helical stripe as a daymark , the lighthouse could be described as having been painted in "barber's pole" colors. Barber's poles have a storied, slightly macabre history; during
3555-448: The aircraft is reduced. The "barber pole" needle moves to indicate this speed. Flying "on the barber pole" therefore means to be flying the aircraft as fast as is safe to do so in the current conditions. Barberpole is a phrase used to describe the striped output of indicators used during the Apollo and Shuttle programs. Typically an indicator was positioned below a switch. When the switch
3634-433: The barber pole or keep it on the barber pole is pilot jargon that refers to flying an aircraft at the maximum safe velocity. The airspeed Indicator on aircraft capable of flying at altitude features a red/white striped needle resembling a barber pole. This needle displays the V MO (Maximum Operating Velocity) or—at altitude—the M MO ( Mach Limit Maximum Operating Speed) of the aircraft. This needle also indicates
3713-479: The case of doctors' surgeries, and chemists' dispensaries. Several developments in the early 20th century provided the impetus for widespread commercial adoption of exterior signage. The first, spectaculars, erected in Manhattan in 1892, became commonplace in the first decade of the 20th century and by 1913, "the skies were awash with a blaze of illuminated, animated signs." In the 1920s, the newly developed neon sign
3792-421: The close of the 18th century, though not enforced until 1805. Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large percentage of the population was illiterate and so pictures were more useful as a means of identifying a public house . For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened without a formal written name—the name being derived later from
3871-410: The convents to solidify the sanctity of religion among their sisters. As they progressed in skill they started to expand their field to create profit. This profit they used towards their charitable goals. Because of their eventual spread to urban society, these religious women gained "roles of public significance beyond the spiritual realm (Strocchia 627). Later apothecaries led by nuns were spread across
3950-709: The early history of commercial signage is intimately tied up with the history of branding and labelling. Recent research suggests that China exhibited a rich history of early retail signage systems. One well-documented, early example of a highly developed brand associated with retail signage is that of the White Rabbit brand of sewing needles, from China's Song dynasty period (960–1127 CE). A copper printing plate used to print posters contained message, which roughly translates as: "Jinan Liu's Fine Needle Shop: We buy high quality steel rods and make fine quality needles, to be ready for use at home in no time." The plate also includes
4029-799: The first woman to be licensed to practice medicine in Britain by passing the examination of the Society of Apothecaries. By the end of the 19th century, the medical professions had taken on their current institutional form, with defined roles for physicians and surgeons, and the role of the apothecary was more narrowly conceived, as that of pharmacist (dispensing chemist in British English). In German-speaking countries, such as Germany, Austria and Switzerland, pharmacies or chemist stores are still called apothecaries or in German Apotheken . The Apotheke ("store")
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#17328944091714108-476: The following roles or functions: Signs may be used in exterior spaces or on-premises locations. Signs used on the exterior of a building are often designed to encourage people to enter and on the interior to encourage people to explore the environment and participate in all that the space has to offer. Any given sign may perform multiple roles simultaneously. For example, signage may provide information, but may also serve to assist customers navigate their way through
4187-686: The forerunners of General Practitioners there. However, there were ongoing tensions between apothecaries and other medical professions, as is illustrated by the publication of 'A Short View of the Frauds and Abuses Committed by Apothecaries' by the Physician Christopher Merrett in 1669 and the experiences of Susan Reeve Lyon and other women apothecaries in 17th century London. Often women (who were prohibited from entering medical school) became apothecaries which took away business from male physicians. In 1865 Elizabeth Garrett Anderson became
4266-411: The form of painted or carved advertisements for shops , inns, cinemas, etc. They are one of various emblematic methods for publicly calling attention to the place to which they refer. The term, 'signage' appears to have come into use in the 20th century as a collective noun used to describe a class of signs, especially advertising and promotional signs which came to prominence in the first decades of
4345-529: The illustration on the public house's sign. In this sense, a pub sign can be thought of as an early example of visual branding. During the 19th century, some artists specialized in the painting of signboards, such as the Austro-Hungarian artist Demeter Laccataris . Pending this development, houses which carried on trade at night (e.g. coffee houses , brothels , etc.) had various specific arrangements of lights, and these still survive to some extent, as in
4424-420: The insect world, there is the barber pole grasshopper , Dactylotum bicolor . It is also known as the "painted grasshopper" and is said to be the "most beautiful" grasshopper. Because of its bright bands and colors, the redbanded rockfish Sebastes babcocki is referred to as "barber pole". Other pseudonyms include bandit, convict, canary, Hollywood, and Spanish flag. The old-fashioned American stick candy
4503-455: The late 20th century. A small number of privilege signs are still present, but most have become abandoned ghost signs . An early computer generated hard copy of various size metal printed characters for displays was introduced and patented in 1971, Patent US3596285A, may have been the first data driven printed example of signage in the USA. Historic retail sign boards In general, signs perform
4582-454: The length of the pole, rather than around it. Haemonchus contortus , or " barber's pole worm ", is the parasitic nematode responsible for anemia , bottle jaw , and death of infected sheep and goats, mainly during summer months in warm, humid climates. Humans may become infected by the worms. Stenopus hispidus is a shrimp-like popcorn kernel decapod crustacean sometimes called the "barber pole shrimp". See also Stenopodidea . In
4661-460: The maximum operating Mach number above the VMO/MMO changeover level. As the aircraft increases in altitude and the air decreases in density and temperature, the speed of sound also decreases. Close to the speed of sound, an aircraft becomes susceptible to buffeting caused by shock waves produced by flying at transonic speeds. Thus, as the speed of sound decreases, so the maximum safe operating speed of
4740-493: The outer walls of shops, forums and marketplaces . Many Roman examples have been preserved; among them the widely recognized bush to indicate a tavern, from which is derived the proverb, "A good wine needs no bush". Apart from the bush, certain identifiable trade signs that survive into modern times include the three balls of pawnbrokers and the red and white barber's pole . Of the signs identified with specific trades, some of these later evolved into trademarks. This suggests that
4819-415: The past such as urine, fecal matter, earwax, human fat, and saliva, are no longer used and are generally considered ineffective or unsanitary. Trial and error were the main source for finding successful remedies, as little was known about the chemistry of why certain treatments worked. For instance, it was known that drinking coffee could help cure headaches, but the existence and properties of caffeine itself
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#17328944091714898-437: The poles was reported to be "diminishing" in the United States. In Forest Grove, Oregon , the "World's Tallest Barber Shop Pole" measures 72 feet (22 m). The consistent use of this symbol for advertising can be seen as analogous to an apothecary 's show globe , a tobacconist 's cigar store Indian and a pawn broker 's three gold balls . Possibly as early as the later Roman Empire , and certainly continuing through
4977-701: The right to use the barber pole symbol to indicate to potential customers that the business offers haircutting services. Barbers claim that they are entitled to exclusive rights to use the barber pole because of the tradition tied to the craft, whereas cosmetologists think that they are equally capable of cutting men's hair (though many cosmetologists are not permitted to use razors , depending on their state's laws). In South Korea , barber's poles are used both for actual barbershops and for brothels. Brothels disguised as barbershops, referred to as 이발소 ( ibalso ) or 미용실 ( miyongsil ), are more likely to use two poles next to each other, often spinning in opposite directions, though
5056-446: The rules surrounding the display of royal arms were tightened to prevent false claims. By the early 19th century, the number of royal warrants granted rose rapidly when Queen Victoria granted some 2,000 royal warrants during her reign of 64 years. Since the object of signboards was to attract the public, they were often of an elaborate character. Not only were the signs themselves large and sometimes of great artistic merit (especially in
5135-592: The same purpose for pagans . The use of commercial signage has a very ancient history. Retail signage and promotional signs appear to have developed independently in the East and the West. In antiquity, the ancient Egyptians, Romans and Greeks were known to use signage. In ancient Rome , signboards were used for shop fronts as well as to announce public events. Roman signboards were usually made from stone or terracotta . Alternatively, they were whitened areas, known as albums on
5214-476: The sole manufacturer of barber poles in North America, and sells only 500 per year (compared to 5,100 in the 1960s). In recent years, the sale of spinning barber poles has dropped considerably, since few barber shops are opening, and many jurisdictions prohibit moving signs. Koken of St. Louis, Missouri , manufactured barber equipment such as chairs and assorted poles in the 19th century. As early as 1905, use of
5293-472: The standard arrangements where singers can meet at conventions and sing together having never met before. The songs in this collection are: The Polecats have had a version 2.0 with additional songs added. See also Buchla 200 series Electric Music Box and Buchla 200e . Barbasol cans use a barber pole motif. The can's motif is a registered trademark of Barbasol. Signage Signs are any kind of visual graphics created to display information to
5372-526: The surgeons and barbers. Later, the role of the barbers was defined by the College de Saint-Côme et Saint-Damien , established by Jean Pitard in Paris circa 1210, as academic surgeons of the long robe and barber surgeons of the short robe. In Renaissance -era Amsterdam , the surgeons used the colored stripes to indicate that they were prepared to bleed their patients (red), set bones or pull teeth (white), or give
5451-463: The trade in tobacco which was imported as a medicine. The term "apothecary" derives from the Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη ( apothḗkē , "a repository, storehouse") via Latin apotheca ("repository, storehouse, warehouse", cf. bodega and boutique ), Medieval Latin apothecarius ("storekeeper"), and eventually Old French apotecaire . In some European and other languages, the term
5530-920: The trade themselves. Women were still not allowed to train and be educated in universities so this allowed them a chance to be trained in medical knowledge and healing. Previously, women had some influence in other women's healthcare, such as serving as midwives and other feminine care in a setting that was not considered appropriate for males. Though physicians gave medical advice, they did not make medicine, so they typically sent their patients to particular independent apothecaries, who did also provide some medical advice, in particular remedies and healing. Many recipes for medicines included herbs, minerals, and pieces of animals (meats, fats, skins) that were ingested, made into paste for external use, or used as aromatherapy. Some of these are similar to natural remedies used today, including catnip , chamomile , fennel , mint , garlic , and witch hazel . Many other ingredients used in
5609-458: The twentieth century. The Oxford Dictionary defines the term, signage, as "Signs collectively, especially commercial or public display signs." Some of the earliest signs were used informally to denote the membership of specific groups. Early Christians used the sign or a cross or the Ichthys (i.e. fish) to denote their religious affiliations, whereas the sign of the sun or the moon would serve
5688-406: The use of a single pole for the same reason is also quite common. Actual barbershops, or 미용실 ( miyongsil ), are more likely to be hair salons; to avoid confusion, they will usually use a pole that shows a picture of a woman with flowing hair on it with the words hair salon written on the pole. A spinning barber pole creates a visual illusion , in which the stripes appear to be traveling up or down
5767-403: The use of signboards was generally optional for traders. However, publicans were on a different footing. As early as the 14th century, English law compelled innkeepers and landlords to exhibit signs. In 1389, King Richard II of England compelled landlords to erect signs outside their premises. The legislation stated "Whosoever shall brew ale in the town with intention of selling it must hang out
5846-402: The wall. For the most part, signs only survived in connection with inns, for which some of the greatest artists of the time painted sign boards, usually representing the name of the inn. With the gradual abolition of sign boards, the numbering of houses began to be introduced in the early 18th century in London. It had been attempted in Paris as early as 1512, and had become almost universal by
5925-484: Was a precursor to the modern sciences of chemistry and pharmacology . In addition to dispensing herbs and medicine, apothecaries offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed by other specialist practitioners, such as surgeons and obstetricians . Apothecary shops sold ingredients and the medicines they prepared wholesale to other medical practitioners, as well as dispensing them to patients. In 17th-century England, they also controlled
6004-475: Was activated and the activation indeed performed, the resulted activation was talked back via a separated electrical line to the barberpole indicator to show a grey and white striped pattern, thus verifying the action to the astronaut. Such switches with barberpole indicators were called talkback switches . Various indicators in the Apollo Command Modules indicated barberpole when the corresponding system
6083-598: Was inactive. Astronaut Jim Lovell can also be found describing system indications as "barber poled" in the transcript of radio transmissions during the Apollo 13 accident . The phrase barberpole continues to be found in many subsystem descriptions in the Space Shuttle News Reference Manual , as well as the NASA / KSC Acronym List. During World War I and World War II, the pattern has also been used as an insignia for aircraft identification. Spad XIIIs of
6162-408: Was introduced to the United States. Its flexibility and visibility led to widespread commercial adoption and by the 1930s, neon signs were a standard feature of modern building around the world. Privilege signs , which employed the manufacturer's brand as a form of retail endorsement, were common on retail stores during the 20th century, but their use has waned as retailers gained increasing power in
6241-406: Was originally a group of 120 Flower-class corvettes built in Canada during World War II, and charged primarily with protecting freighter convoys . The original group was Escort Group C-3. This group of ships, with its red and white barber pole stripes painted on the funnel, is still represented in the current Royal Canadian Navy : all Atlantic fleet ships wear this insignia. HMCS Sackville
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