75-501: Baramulla district or Varmul (in Kashmiri ) is one of the 20 districts in the Indian -administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in the disputed Kashmir region. Baramulla town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district covered an area of 4,588 km (1,771 sq mi) in 2001, but it was reduced to 4,243 km (1,638 sq mi) at
150-689: A Kashmiri language movement have been challenged by the scattered nature of the Kashmiri-speaking community in Azad Kashmir. The Kashmiri language is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India . It was a part of the Eighth Schedule in the former constitution of Jammu and Kashmir. Along with other regional languages mentioned in the Sixth Schedule , as well as Hindi and Urdu, the Kashmiri language
225-525: A different appearance. Pass along a road which is being used by babirs, or caravans, of these tribes- men, and it is not so hard to distinguish one from the other, not by his dress, for that is much the same, but by something indefinable in his air and carriage. The nearest I can get to it is to liken the Mahsud to a wolf, the Wazir to a panther. Both are splendid creatures; the panther is slier, sleeker and has more grace,
300-553: A district veterinary hospital with facilities such as radiology ( x-ray ) and ultrasonography . The hospital has been shifted to a new building with 300 beds in Kanthbagh in March 2013, ( In the Land of Ushkara Baramulla) which was in construction for two decades. St.Joseph's Hospital & Nursing School run by Christian Missionary Nuns Baramulla district hospital is also the associated hospital of
375-579: A people who can never even think of submitting to a foreign power. " From 1860 to 1937, the English forces repeatedly attacked Maseed positions but never got a foothold in the area. The Maseed tribe inhabits a large portion of the center of Waziristan, which is drained by the Tank Zam and Shahur Rivers. The Maseed territory is a rough triangle between Jandola, the hills north of Razmak, and from Shuidar to Janimela, north of Wana. No portion of their territory touches
450-645: A reputation of trustworthiness. Maseed is the most independent of all the tribes. Even their own maliks have very limited control over them. However, Maseed have been increasingly integrated within Pakistani society since independence. Sir Olaf Caroe in his book published just after partition of the British India about Mahsuds They hold aloof, and are continually engaged in aggressive warfare against their Wazir cousins, at whose expense they have encroached to acquire new lands. And to those who know both tribes, they present
525-547: A rich composite culture. It was the oldest and the most important town in the north of princely state of Kashmir and Jammu . In the later centuries, until 27 October 1947, it was the 'Gateway of Kashmir Valley' by the Rawalpindi - Murree - Muzaffarabad -Baramulla Road. It became a part of Union of India when the Maharaja, under duress of invasion by Pakistani tribal forces, signed the instrument of accession on 26 October 1947, which
600-456: A strategy for countering the latest British advances. In 1925, the Royal Air Force successfully put down a Maseed rebellion by strafing the tribes' mountain strongholds. The action, which came to be known as Pink's War led to the tribal leaders seeking peace terms. In 1927 Ghazi Ramadan Khan Mahsud attacked Wana camp with a huge lashkar (tribal militia). The result was a big loss for
675-754: A thousand years. There are also some Maseeds living in the UAE , Germany and the United Kingdom . The Maseeds originally lived in the centre of Waziristan area of FATA . In the later 14th century, they migrated eastwards, and fell into dispute with the Bannuchi and Khattak tribes settled in the Shawal area. The Maseeds and the Wazirs succeeded in defeating the Khattaks and pushed them northeastwards towards Bannu and Kohat. Eventually,
750-558: Is a Afghan Karlani Pashtun tribe inhabiting mostly the South Waziristan Agency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The Maseeds usually pronounce their name Māsīd . They are divided into three great clans or subtribes, namely Alizai , Bahlolzai, and Shamankhel . Maseeds usually call these Drei Māsīd , meaning the "Three Maseeds". Each tribe has his own Khan . A minor number of Maseed are settled in
825-643: Is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region , primarily in the Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir , over half the population of that territory. Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order . Since 2020, It has been made an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri , Hindi , Urdu and English. Kashmiri
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#1732868686931900-437: Is a fusional language with verb-second (V2) word order. Several of Kashmiri's grammatical features distinguish it from other Indo-Aryan languages . Kashmiri nouns are inflected according to gender, number and case. There are no articles , nor is there any grammatical distinction for definiteness , although there is some optional adverbial marking for indefinite or "generic" noun qualities. The Kashmiri gender system
975-538: Is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India. Kashmiri is spoken by roughly five percent of Pakistani-administrated Azad Kashmir 's population. There are about 6.8 million speakers of Kashmiri and related dialects in Jammu and Kashmir and amongst the Kashmiri diaspora in other states of India. Most Kashmiri speakers are located in the Kashmir Valley , Chenab valley and other areas of Jammu and Kashmir. In kashmir valley and Chenab valley they form Majority. Kashmiri
1050-470: Is distinct from, although still intelligible with, the Kashmiri of the Neelam Valley to the north. In Neelam Valley, Kashmiri is the second most widely spoken language and the majority language in at least a dozen or so villages, where in about half of these, it is the sole mother tongue. The Kashmiri dialect of Neelum is closer to the variety spoken in northern Kashmir Valley, particularly Kupwara . At
1125-477: Is divided into masculine and feminine. Feminine forms are typically generated by the addition of a suffix (or in most cases, a morphophonemic change, or both) to a masculine noun. A relatively small group of feminine nouns have unique suppletion forms that are totally different from the corresponding masculine forms. The following table illustrates the range of possible gender forms: دُکاندار دُکانداریٚنؠ Mahsud The Mehsud Wazir or Maseed
1200-582: Is filled with Lat and Manat; May God grant you power to break them all. Zarb-e-Kaleem (Iqbal) In 1850, Lewat's tribesmen the Great Baromi's (Shabi Khel) defeated 3,000 British troops with only 300 fighters, using guerrilla tactics by attacking the British in the Valley of Bobar (Waziristan) from all sides with outdated rifles and swords. This attack demoralized
1275-401: Is popular destination for tourist all over world. Baramulla city is located on the banks of Jhelum river at the highest point of the river. The old town lies on the north (right) bank of the river and the new town lies on the south (left) bank. They are connected by five bridges, including a suspension bridge connecting Gulnar park with Dewan Bagh. Baramulla has a district civil hospital and
1350-471: Is pronounced as / t͡s / instead of / ʒ / . However, the vowel inventory of Kashmiri is significantly larger than other Perso-Arabic derived or influenced South Asian Perso-Arabic scripts. There are 17 vowels in Kashmiri, shown with diacritics , letters ( alif , waw , ye ), or both. In Kashmiri, the convention is that most vowel diacritics are written at all times. Despite Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script cutting across religious boundaries and being used by both
1425-466: Is recognized as the official script of Kashmiri language by the Jammu and Kashmir government and the Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages . The Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script has been derived from Persian alphabet . The consonant inventory and their corresponding pronunciations of Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script doesn't differ from Perso-Arabic script, with the exception of the letter ژ , which
1500-541: Is spoken by roughly five percent of Azad Kashmir 's population. According to the 1998 Pakistan Census , there were 132,450 Kashmiri speakers in Azad Kashmir. Native speakers of the language were dispersed in "pockets" throughout Azad Kashmir, particularly in the districts of Muzaffarabad (15%), Neelam (20%) and Hattian (15%), with very small minorities in Haveli (5%) and Bagh (2%). The Kashmiri spoken in Muzaffarabad
1575-405: Is spread from Srinagar district and Ganderbal district in the east to the line of control in the west, and from Kupwara district in the north and Bandipore district in the northwest to Poonch district in the south and Badgam district in the southwest. Baramulla has cool climate under Köppen climate classification. In winter, generally between December and February, snowfall occurs. Gulmurg
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#17328686869311650-482: Is the largest tehsil of District Baramulla and was later split to form a separate Kreeri tehsil. Pattan Town is situated in the centre of the district between Srinagar and Baramulla cities and is surrounded by villages like Palhalan, Nihalpora Hanjiwera Zangam, Sherpora, Sonium and Yall. Each block consists of a number of panchayats . Baramullah district has seven assembly constituencies: Uri, Rafiabad, Sopore, Wagoora-Kreeri, Baramulla, Gulmarg and Pattan. According to
1725-406: Is the largest town in the district and the fourth most-populous town in the state, with a population of 167,986 as per 2011 census. Languages of Baramulla district (2011 census) The most widely spoken language is Kashmiri (82.11% of the population according to the 2011 census), but there are also speakers of Pahari (9.88%), Gujari (3.45%), Hindi (1.58%) and Punjabi (1.26%). The district
1800-544: The 2011 census Baramulla district had a population of 1,008,039, or 1,015,503, roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus or the US state of Montana . This gives it a ranking of 443rd in India (out of a total of 640 ). Of the total population, 542,171 (53.4%) were males and 473,332 (46.6%) were females, the sex ratio being 885 females for every 1,000 males (this varies with religion), a decrease from 905 in 2001 census, and much lower than
1875-406: The 2017 Census of Pakistan , as many as 350,000 people declared their first language to be Kashmiri. A process of language shift is observable among Kashmiri-speakers in Azad Kashmir according to linguist Tariq Rahman , as they gradually adopt local dialects such as Pahari-Pothwari , Hindko or move towards the lingua franca Urdu . This has resulted in these languages gaining ground at
1950-792: The Dogra rule . In 2020, Kashmiri became an official language in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir for the first time. Poguli and Kishtwari are closely related to Kashmiri, which are spoken in the mountains to the south of the Kashmir Valley and have sometimes been counted as dialects of Kashmiri. The people in the Chenab region of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir mainly speak kashmiri but accent and some words are little bit different and they are sometimes referred as Chenabi Kashmiris meaning Kashmiris of Chenab Valley . Kashmiri has
2025-533: The Government Medical College, Baramulla . There are smaller hospitals in other towns of the district and primary health centres at villages in the district. Primary Health Center Ushkara near Jamia Masjid Ushkara under Block Sheeri. Source: Kashmiri language Kashmiri ( English: / k æ ʃ ˈ m ɪər i / kash- MEER -ee ) or Koshur (Kashmiri: کٲشُر ( Perso-Arabic , Official Script ) , pronounced [kəːʃur] )
2100-773: The Kashmiri Hindus and the Kashmiri Muslims , some attempts have been made to give a religious outlook regarding the script and make Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script to be associated with Kashmiri Muslims , while the Kashmiri Devanagari script to be associated with some sections of Kashmiri Hindu community. The Kashmiri language was traditionally written in the Sharada script after the 8th Century A.D. The script grew increasingly unsuitable for writing Kashmiri because it couldn't adequately represent Kashmiri peculiar sounds by
2175-746: The Logar Province of Afghanistan , especially in Charkh District , Baraki barak and Muhammad Agha , but also in Wardak , Ghazni and Kunduz Provinces. The Maseeds also inhabit the center and north of South Waziristan valley, surrounded on three sides by the Darweshkhel Wazirs , and being shut off by the Bettanis Pashtun tribe on the east from the Derajat and Bannu districts. Two Pashtun tribes,
2250-728: The "settled" districts, and the tribe is surrounded on the north and west by the Wazirs, on the east by the Bhittanis, and on the south by the Wazirs and Shranis. Except for a few Shabi Khel in the Bannu District, some land near Gumal in the Tank Tehsil, and the colonies at Chark and elsewhere in the Logar Valley in Afghanistan, none of the Maseed own land outside of South Waziristan Agency. To escape
2325-638: The Ahmadzai Wazirs and the Maseeds (Mahsuds), inhabit and dominate South Waziristan . Within the heart of Maseed territory in South Waziristan lies the influential Ormur (Burki) tribe's stronghold of Kaniguram . The Ormurs are considered by other tribes of South Waziristan to be close brethren of the Maseeds due to marital and other ties and the fact that the Ormurs have lived in and controlled Kaniguram for over
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2400-447: The Amir of Afghanistan. When World War I started in 1915, the British were concerned that they would be engaged in battle on more than one front. This was a threat to their safety and economy, so they decided to close those fronts of lesser significance. They abandoned their ‘Forward Policy’ for the time being and sent a message of friendship and peace to the tribes. The tribes did not trust
2475-458: The British all the way from Quetta kakar, and the British experienced difficulty when engaging them. It was during this time that the name of Mulla Powinda [Jagar Draman Khil][Miajee] [Laly Malik Denai] [Mulla ShaSaleem kaka] emerged. Powindah comes from the Pashto language , meaning " nomad ". Day after day, Mulla Powinda grew more popular and famous. His right-hand mulla Shasaleem Kaka Machikhel
2550-481: The British and made them fearful of the Maseeds. Survivors of this attack reported that the sight of the Maseed tribesmen charging at them (with loud roars and wearing long hair and beards like Lions) affected them mentally. In 1860, three thousand Maseed tribesmen attacked the British regiment base in Tank (present South Waziristan). The British struggled to defeat them. In 1897, Mujahed tribesmen again stood up against
2625-424: The British and rejected these peace proposals. Instead, the Maseed assembled a militia to attack the British. By this time, the British had established an air force in the subcontinent, which was used to harass the tribesmen, and as a result the tribe's hatred of the British increased. As a result of their suffering, they were bent upon taking revenge, and hence their morale increased. A series of attacks were made by
2700-559: The British army. In 1928 Ghazi Ramadan Khan Mahsud re-assembled his lashkar again for his next attack, on Sararogha Fort. This time he attacked with a powerful force, killed all of the defending soldiers (numbering 300) and took hold of the Fort. Immediately after Pakistan came into existence, Maseeds raised a tribal militia under Gaideen Khan Abdullai which entered Kashmir to help the newly created state Pakistan to capture Kashmir . They quickly reached Baramulla town, instead of pressing on to
2775-492: The British forces had moved from Wana to Razmak . They had constructed an airport there and instead of flying all the way from India , their aircraft would fly from Razmak Airport and bomb the countryside. Because of this, the countryside of Makeen was totally devastated. The Maseed deemed it appropriate at this time to agree to a ceasefire because this new British tactic was inflicting widespread losses on their side. The ceasefire, they imagined, would also enable them to devise
2850-508: The British invading troops and saved Afghanistan, they contributed a lot because Afghanistan was nearly in the hands of the British. John Ayde described the Maseeds: They are poor but brave… and although turbulent and difficult to deal with, still have a great love of their country and cherish their independence, possessing qualities that we admire ourselves, and which deserve consideration and respect. Maseed are very good marksmen and have
2925-498: The Chinese visitor Heiun T'Sang and the British historian, Moorcraft . Mughal emperors had a special fascination for Baramulla. As the gateway of the Kashmir Valley , Baramulla was a stopping place for them during their visits to the valley. Jahangir also stayed at Baramulla during his visit to Kashmir in 1620 CE. From the very beginning, Baramulla has been a religious center. The construction of Hindu Teerth and Buddhist Vihars made
3000-765: The Indo-Aryan mainstream. One is the partial maintenance of the three sibilant consonants s ṣ ś of the Old Indo-Aryan period. For another example, the prefixing form of the number 'two', which is found in Sanskrit as dvi- , has developed into ba-/bi- in most other Indo-Aryan languages, but du- in Kashmiri (preserving the original dental stop d ). Seventy-two is dusatath in Kashmiri, bahattar in Hindi-Urdu and Punjabi, and dvisaptati in Sanskrit. Certain features in Kashmiri even appear to stem from Indo-Aryan even predating
3075-596: The Kashmiri language: the Perso-Arabic script , the Devanagari script and the Sharada script . The Roman script is also sometimes informally used to write Kashmiri, especially online. Today Kashmiri is primarily written in Perso-Arabic (with some modifications). Among languages written in the Perso-Arabic script, Kashmiri is one of the scripts that regularly indicates all vowel sounds. The Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script
Baramulla district - Misplaced Pages Continue
3150-786: The Mahsuds settled at the center of Waziristan , in the Makeen , Kaniguram and Lada area. During the British colonial period, the Maseeds were invaded by the British Empire , in 1925's Pink's War , in 1860, 1881, 1894–95, 1900–01 and in The Waziristan Campaign which ensued after the Afghan War of Independence In the words of Sir Olaf Caroe , who acted as the former governor of the British Indian Frontier, " The Maseed tribe are
3225-516: The Maseeds, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy. The attack on the Marhatta Regiment resulted in the deaths of hundreds of sepoys and five British Officers. In the attack on the Punjab Regiment , the Maseed warriors slaughtered everyone. The aerial bombardments had inflicted significant losses on the tribesmen, but they were content that they were also doing well and had killed around 250 of
3300-507: The Pashto alphabet. He was born in Kanygram of Waziristan. The Roshani Ghorzang was one of the great revolutions in the land of Pshtonkhwa. Mula Shasleem kaka, Mula Pawenda Maseed and Haji Mirza Ali Khan Fight several years for the unity of both side Pashtons. Maseed have a Maseed Jarga for large problems. The Jarga is a tribal assembly of elders which takes decisions by consensus, particularly among
3375-667: The Vedic period. For instance, there was an /s/ > /h/ consonant shift in some words that had already occurred with Vedic Sanskrit (This tendency was complete in the Iranian branch of Indo-Iranian), yet is lacking in Kashmiri equivalents. The word rahit in Vedic Sanskrit and modern Hindi-Urdu (meaning 'excluding' or 'without') corresponds to rost in Kashmiri. Similarly, sahit (meaning 'including' or 'with') corresponds to sost in Kashmiri. There are three orthographical systems used to write
3450-415: The Wazir and Maseed tribesmen were blocked from entry into any government-controlled territory. Economic sanctions were imposed, blocking even basic amenities, such as food and medicine. The British commander of that time blockaded the areas of Makeen and Kaniguram. Various areas were searched to arrest Mulla Powinda without success. The British thought that the tribesmen were receiving weapons by sea, from
3525-507: The aircraft – only to find the airstrip empty. Nary a soul was in sight. The raiders were busy distributing the war booty amongst them in Baramulla." In the words of Gen Mohammad Akbar Khan (Brigadier-in-Charge, Pakistan, in his book War for Kashmir in 1947 ): "The uncouth raiders delayed in Baramulla for two (whole) days for some unknown reason." It took two weeks for the Indian army to evict
3600-422: The capital, Srinagar , to seize Kashmir completely. A large number of tribals from Pakistan attacked Kashmir under the code name "Operation Gulmarg" to seize Kashmir. The invading tribals started moving along Rawalpindi-Murree-Muzaffarabad-Baramulla Road on 22 October 1947 with Muzaffarabad fell on 24 October 1947. They reached and captured Baramulla on 25 October 1947. Pir Roshan is the first person who founded
3675-473: The city sacred to people of both religions. In the 15th century, the noted Muslim saint, Syed Janbaz Wali , visited the valley along with his companions in 1421 CE. He chose Baramulla as the centre of his mission and was buried here after death. His shrine attracts pilgrims from all over the Valley. In 1620, the sixth Sikh Guru Shri Hargobind visited the city. Baramulla thus became an abode of Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists and Sikhs living in harmony and contributing to
3750-487: The coast of Balochistan and responded by creating checkposts, but no weapons were confiscated. Mulla Powindah died in 1913. It could be said that he was the crownless emperor of one of the most fearsome of the Pashtun Tribes, the Maseeds. Upon his death, his son Shah Fazal Din was given leadership and his son-in-law, Mulla Abdul Hakeem Kakar, was appointed his adviser. They have good relations with Amir Abdul Rahman Khan,
3825-575: The enemy forces. After the end of World War I, the British returned to Waziristan. This time, they built roads and forts throughout the land. The sophistication and constant patrols of the British Air Force helped create a secure atmosphere for their ground troops. With this sense of security, the British Army constructed a road from Jandola to Ladha . At Razmak , they constructed a cantonment for their army officers and soldiers. By 1922–23, all
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#17328686869313900-468: The expense of Kashmiri. There have been calls for the promotion of Kashmiri at an official level; in 1983, a Kashmiri Language Committee was set up by the government to patronise Kashmiri and impart it in school-level education. However, the limited attempts at introducing the language have not been successful, and it is Urdu, rather than Kashmiri, that Kashmiri Muslims of Azad Kashmir have seen as their identity symbol. Rahman notes that efforts to organise
3975-473: The first plane to land at Srinagar airport that morning. He brought 17 soldiers of 1-Sikh regiment commanded by Lt. Col. Dewan Ranjit Rai. "...The pilot flew low on the airstrip twice to ensure that no raiders were around... Instructions from PM Nehru’s office were clear: If the airport was taken over by the enemy, you are not to land. Taking a full circle the DC-3 flew ground level. Anxious eye-balls peered from inside
4050-444: The following phonemes. The oral vowels are as follows: The short high vowels are near-high , and the low vowels apart from /aː/ are near-low . Nasalization is phonemic. All sixteen oral vowels have nasal counterparts. Palatalization is phonemic. All consonants apart from those in the post-alveolar/palatal column have palatalized counterparts. Kashmiri, as also the other Dardic languages, shows important divergences from
4125-533: The invaders were still at Baramulla. Charles Chevenix Trench writes in his The Frontier Scouts (1985): In October 1947... tribal lashkars hastened in lorries - undoubtedly with official logistic support - into Kashmir... at least one British Officer, Harvey-Kelly took part in the campaign. It seemed that nothing could stop these hordes of tribesmen taking Srinagar with its vital airfield. Indeed nothing did, but their own greed. The Mahsuds in particular stopped to loot, rape and murder; Indian troops were flown in and
4200-412: The lake was occupied by a demon , Jalodbhava, until Lord Vishnu assumed the form of a boar and struck the mountain with his molar at Baramulla (ancient Varahamula). He bored an opening in it where the lake water flowed out. The city of Baramulla, from which the district derives its name, was founded by Raja Bhimsina in 2306 BCE. A number of prominent visitors have travelled to Baramulla. These include
4275-571: The lashkars pushed out of the Vale of Kashmir into the mountains. The Mahsuds returned home in a savage mood, having muffed an easy chance, lost the loot of Srinagar and made fools of themselves. Tom Cooper of Air Combat Information Group wrote: ...the Pathans appeared foremost interested in looting, killing, ransacking and other crimes against the inhabitants instead of a serious military action. Biju Patnaik (who later became Chief Minister of Odisha ) piloted
4350-547: The national average of 940. The sex ratio for children in 0 to 6 year age group was even less at 866. The district has a population density of 305 inhabitants per square kilometre (790/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.34%. Baramula has a literacy rate of 66.93%. with male literacy 77.35% and female literacy 55.01%. Total literate in Baramula district were 571,348 of which males and females were 352,289 and 219,059 respectively. Baramulla town
4425-909: The old town on the north bank of the river with the new town on the south bank. Decongestion of the old town has been attempted by moving some residents to houses in the new town. The most recent development has been creation of railway connectivity with Srinagar, Anantnag and Qazigund and the planned connectivity with Banihal and Jammu . Baramulla district comprises sixteen tehsils : Pattan , Uri , Kreeri , Boniyar , Tangmarg , Sopore , Watergam Rafiabad, Rohama, Dangiwacha , Bomai, Dangerpora, Khoie(Panzipora), Wagoora, Kunzer, Kwarhama and Baramulla . This district consists of 26 blocks: Uri, Rohama, Rafiabad, Zaingeer, Sopore, Boniyar, Baramulla, Tangmarg, Singhpora, Pattan, Wagoora, Kunzer, Paranpillian, Bijhama, Norkhah, Narwav, Nadihal, Kandi Rafiabad, Hardchanum, Tujjar Sharief, Sangrama, Sherabad Khore, Lalpora, Wailoo, Khaipora and Chandil Wanigam. Pattan tehsil
4500-705: The raiders from Baramulla. Joined by Pakistani regular troops, they had become well-entrenched. Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah spoke in the UN Security Council on 5 February 1948 thus: "...the raiders came to our land, massacred thousands of people — mostly Hindus and Sikhs, but Muslims, too — abducted thousands of girls, Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims alike, looted our property and almost reached the gates of our summer capital, Srinagar..." Roads have been improved and road network has grown considerably in Baramulla town since 1947. New schools and colleges have started and better facilities for education have been created. More bridges on Jhelum river have been constructed or planned to connect
4575-658: The region is hot in summer, with high temperatures around 110 °F (43 °C), and cool in winter, with low temperatures around 35 °F (2 °C). There is modest rainfall in July and August and in January and February. On many occasions, the Afghan throne was saved with the help of the Maseed (like General Ramzan Khan Maseed Shamankhel, Shabaram Khan Machikhel, Bakhan Maseed, Mosa Khan Maseed, Miajee Maseed, Jagar Maseed etc.), Burki/Baraki, and Wazirs from Waziristan, Pakistan. Of those who fought during this time, most came back to their homeland, but those who stayed were given high ranks of office, such as Faiz Muhammad Maseed, who
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#17328686869314650-406: The same holidays, dress the same , consume the same food , listen to the same music and are multi-lingual to a certain extent. In the southern and eastern region, Mehsuds live in accordance with the Pashtun culture and are usually bilingual in maseedwola also known as maseedo. Many Maseed live in the lower valleys during the winter. They return to family compounds at higher elevations during
4725-648: The schwa-like vowel [ə] & elongated schwa-like vowel [əː] and a new stand alone vowel ॵ and vowel sign कॏ for the open-mid back rounded vowel [ɔ] which can be used instead of the consonant व standing-in for this vowel. Vowel mark 𑆘 = 𑆘𑆳 𑆛 = 𑆛𑆳 𑆟 = 𑆟𑆳 𑆓 = 𑆓𑆶 𑆙 = 𑆙𑆶 𑆚 = 𑆚𑆶 𑆝 = 𑆝𑆶 𑆠 = 𑆠𑆶 𑆨 = 𑆨𑆶 𑆫 = 𑆫𑆶 𑆯 = 𑆯𑆶 𑆓 = 𑆓𑆷 𑆙 = 𑆙𑆷 𑆚 = 𑆚𑆷 𑆝 = 𑆝𑆷 𑆠 = 𑆠𑆷 𑆨 = 𑆨𑆷 𑆫 = 𑆫𑆷 𑆯 = 𑆯𑆷 Kashmiri
4800-411: The severe cold in the higher hills during the winter, a large number move down to the lower valleys but always keep within the Maseed territorial limits. Many of these people live in caves or tents. "South Waziristan is mountainous with several high peaks; Pirghal, for example, being 11,600 feet. The Gomal is the main river, in addition to which there are many hill torrents, which remain dry for most of
4875-416: The summer. Valleys: Makeen , Wacha Khwara, Ladha , Baddar, Darra Algad, Khaisara, Mastang, Shaktu, Sheranna, Split Toi, Tak Zam Plains: Razmak Malik Allah Neer:velleys Kotkai Mountains: Kundeygaar, Pre Ghal, Spin Ghar , Spinkamar Rivers: Tak Zam, Gomal , Shahur, Shinkai Toi, Baddar Toi, Split Toi, Lower Khaisara Toi, Tauda China, Kundygar, Osspass, Karrama, Torwam, Thangi Parkhai The climate in
4950-437: The time of 2011 census. In 2016, the district administration said that the area was 4,190 km (1,620 sq mi). Muslims constitute about 98% of the population. The name Baramulla, meaning "Boar's Molar Place," is derived from two Sanskrit words Varaha (Boar) and Mula . According to Hindu texts , the Kashmir Valley was once a lake called Satisaras, the lake of Parvati (consort of Shiva). Hindu texts state that
5025-401: The usage of its vowel signs. Therefore, it is not in common use today and is restricted to religious ceremonies of the Kashmiri Pandits . There have been a few versions of the Devanagari script for Kashmiri. The 2002 version of the proposal is shown below. This version has readers and more content available on the Internet, even though this is an older proposal. This version makes use of
5100-450: The vowels ॲ/ऑ and vowel signs कॅ/कॉ for the schwa-like vowel [ə] and elongated schwa-like vowel [əː] that also exist in other Devanagari-based scripts such as Marathi and Hindi but are used for the sound of other vowels. Tabulated below is the latest (2009) version of the proposal to spell the Kashmiri vowels with Devanagari. The primary change in this version is the changed stand alone characters ॳ / ॴ and vowel signs कऺ / कऻ for
5175-480: The wolf-pack is more purposeful, more united and more dangerous. The Saintly Poet of the East (Dr. Allama Iqbal) has also prayed for the dominant tribes of Waziristan Sher Shah Suri has so well said: The distinction of tribes is the cause of all ruin. Waziris and Mahsuds are names dearest to heart; Alas! They feel no pride in being Afghans. The Muslims of the mountains are divided into thousand tribes, And every tribe has its own idol. The same sanctuary
5250-427: The year." The mountains and valleys geographically isolate the Maseed from large-scale movements of invaders and provide opportunities to conduct effective ambushes on enemies. The cave villages along the Shahur River near Barwand and along the Split Toi provide excellent hiding places and defensive positions. It is a tribal society having its own subculture . Nearly all Mehsud follow Islamic traditions , celebrate
5325-922: Was accepted by India the next day. Actual area of district Baramulla according to 2018 survey by the centre for remote sensing and gis is 2204.06 km. After the Partition of India in 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh chose to remain independent, not joining either India or Pakistan. A large number of tribals from Pakistan attacked Kashmir under the code name "Operation Gulmarg," intending to seize Kashmir. The invading tribals started moving along Rawalpindi - Murree - Muzaffarabad -Baramulla Road on 22 October 1947 with Pakistani army men in plain clothes. Muzaffarabad fell on 24 October 1947. They reached and captured Baramulla on 25 October. There they stayed for several days looting, raping, and killing residents; burning and plundering homes and businesses; and desecrating and vandalising shrines and temples. They could have reached Srinagar , just 50 km away, and captured its airfield, which
5400-717: Was appointed as an interior minister during the Reign of Daud Khan in the 1970s. Today a minority of Maseeds are still in Logar Province , with the title of Waziri, but by caste, they are Maseeds. The majority of these are with a sub-caste of Malik Denai, Dramankel, Faridi, Shamirai شمیرائی, Shabi khel, etc. When the Soviet–Afghan War started, some of these families came back to Waziristan but could not stay there, so they moved to cities like Peshawar and Karachi . Some of them stayed in Waziristan and D.I. Khan. The Maseed helped in defeating
5475-442: Was not defended at all. They raped and killed European nuns (only one survived) at Baramulla's St. Joseph convent and Christian nurses at the missionary hospital. This looting, raping, murder and abduction of girls continued for several days. It is said that the suffering of Baramulla saved the rest of Kashmir, because airplanes carrying Indian troops airlifted from Delhi on the morning of 27 October could land at Srinagar airfield while
5550-457: Was popular among Wazirs and Maseed tribes. He emerged as a legendary figure among the people of the region and beyond. There was even a time the British considered him to be the sole leader of the Waziristan country. His followers would sporadically kill individual British officers. However, the British were not able to capture the attackers, who would return to their mountain hideouts. All attempts to stop these attacks were unsuccessful. In 1907,
5625-468: Was to be developed in the state. After Hindi , Kashmiri is the second fastest growing language of India , followed by Meitei ( Manipuri ) as well as Gujarati in the third place, and Bengali in the fourth place, according to the 2011 census of India . Persian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th centuries, under the influence of Islam. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during
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