Hey Dude is an American Western comedy series that aired on Nickelodeon from July 14, 1989, to August 30, 1991, consisting of 65 half-hour episodes produced over five seasons.
135-469: The series, aimed primarily towards a teenage audience, is set on the fictional "Bar None Dude Ranch" near the city of Tucson, Arizona . It portrays the lives of the ranch owner, his son, a female ranch hand, and four teenage summer employees. Ben Ernst, a divorced , good-natured, somewhat bumbling father from New Jersey , bought the Bar None Dude Ranch seeking escape from his high-pressure job as
270-481: A New York City accountant. His son, Buddy, is displeased with the change of environment, primarily because he is unable to use his skateboard on the desert sand. In Season 1 of the series, the teenage staff consisted of two boys and two girls: Ted, an enterprising troublemaker; Danny, an easy-going Hopi teenager and Ted's best friend; girl-next-door Melody; and Brad, a rich girl from Grosse Pointe, Michigan . Though Brad often wears dressy designer outfits at work, she
405-414: A continued decrease in subcutaneous fat and an obviously harder and more angular body form. Pubic hair distribution appears more adult but has not yet spread to the medial area of the thighs. The penis and scrotum are near adult size. Stage IV for boys, which occurs anywhere from 15 to 24 months after stage III, is difficult to pinpoint. At this time, the spurt of growth in height ends. There is facial hair on
540-401: A deeper voice and larger Adam's apple in boys, and development of breasts and more curved and prominent hips in girls) and a strong shift in hormonal balance towards an adult state. This is triggered by the pituitary gland , which secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream, initiating a chain reaction. The male and female gonads are thereby activated, which puts them into
675-480: A fairly regular sequence. The first places to grow are the extremities—the head, hands and feet—followed by the arms and legs, then the torso and shoulders. This non-uniform growth is one reason why an adolescent body may seem out of proportion. During puberty, bones become harder and more brittle. At the conclusion of puberty, the ends of the long bones close during the process called epiphysis . There can be ethnic differences in these skeletal changes. For example, in
810-431: A few weeks later, with CBS reporting an 84% increase in new subscribers. On November 25, 2019, as part of the re-merger between CBS Corporation and Viacom , CBS All Access announced the inclusion of programming from Nickelodeon , as part of the wider launch of children's programming on the service, with other partners including Boat Rocker Studios and WildBrain . In January 2020, CBS All Access became available on
945-453: A friend's or parent's assumptions. Adolescents also develop a more sophisticated understanding of probability. The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits them to appreciate
1080-442: A girl is not fully fertile until several years after menarche, as regular ovulation follows menarche by about two years. Unlike males, therefore, females usually appear physically mature before they are capable of becoming pregnant. Changes in secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction. In males, these changes involve appearance of pubic, facial, and body hair, deepening of
1215-563: A great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors (prevalence), whether they make risk-related decisions similarly or differently than adults (cognitive processing perspective), or whether they use the same processes but value different things and thus arrive at different conclusions. The behavioral decision-making theory proposes that adolescents and adults both weigh
1350-566: A growth rate nearly identical to that of a toddler—about 10.3 cm (4 inches) per year for males and 9 cm (3.5 inches) per year for females. In addition to changes in height, adolescents also experience a significant increase in weight (Marshall, 1978). The weight gained during adolescence constitutes nearly half of one's adult body weight. Teenage and early adult males may continue to gain natural muscle growth even after puberty. The accelerated growth in different body parts happens at different times, but for all adolescents, it has
1485-528: A high-fat diet and who are not physically active begin menstruating earlier, on average, than girls whose diet contains less fat and whose activities involve fat reducing exercise (e.g. ballet and gymnastics). Girls who experience malnutrition or are in societies in which children are expected to perform physical labor also begin menstruating at later ages. The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have
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#17328692733261620-470: A library of 30,000 television series episodes and up to 1,000 film titles from Paramount's film and television divisions and CBS Media Ventures and expanded live news and sports offerings. No pricing plan or firm dates for content expansion were disclosed, though a "soft relaunch" will occur later in 2020. ViacomCBS will also continue to license its TV and film content to competing streaming platforms. On May 7, 2020, CBS All Access began adding more films to
1755-527: A limited library of films, made up of content from Paramount Pictures , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Sony Pictures , The Samuel Goldwyn Company and CBS Films , was made available on the service. This includes several titles in the Star Trek film series . On May 7, 2020, CBS All Access added more than 100 films from Paramount Pictures; more films were added in the following months. In August 2019, CBS All Access expanded into children's broadcasting by acquiring
1890-646: A lower resting heart rate, a greater capacity for carrying oxygen to the blood, a greater power for neutralizing the chemical products of muscular exercise, higher blood hemoglobin and more red blood cells". Despite some genetic sex differences, environmental factors play a large role in biological changes during adolescence. For example, girls tend to reduce their physical activity in preadolescence and may receive inadequate nutrition from diets that often lack important nutrients, such as iron. These environmental influences, in turn, affect female physical development. Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to
2025-457: A major role in character and personality formation. Biological changes in brain structure and connectivity within the brain interact with increased experience, knowledge, and changing social demands to produce rapid cognitive growth (see Changes in the brain above). The age at which particular changes take place varies between individuals, but the changes discussed below begin at puberty or shortly after that and some skills continue to develop as
2160-410: A more sophisticated theory of mind . Adolescents reach a stage of social perspective-taking in which they can understand how the thoughts or actions of one person can influence those of another person, even if they personally are not involved. Compared to children, adolescents are more likely to question others' assertions, and less likely to accept facts as absolute truths. Through experience outside
2295-1061: A newfound priority in sexual attraction and dating, and risk-taking is required to impress potential mates. Research also indicates that baseline sensation seeking may affect risk-taking behavior throughout the lifespan. Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social risk. Aspects of adolescents' lives that are correlated with risky sexual behavior include higher rates of parental abuse, and lower rates of parental support and monitoring. Related to their increased tendency for risk-taking, adolescents show impaired behavioral inhibition, including deficits in extinction learning . This has important implications for engaging in risky behavior such as unsafe sex or illicit drug use, as adolescents are less likely to inhibit actions that may have negative outcomes in
2430-598: A notable broadening of the hips as well as an adult fat distribution. Additionally, breast development is complete and hair in both the pubic region and armpits (axillary hair) will be darker and more widespread. In comparison to girls, it can be tricky to define when exactly sexual development in boys begins. For boys, puberty typically takes around 5 years to finish, as opposed to just 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 years for girls (menarche). By this point in time, they have already experienced their growth spurt and there are evident changes in their body shape – wider hips and fat distribution
2565-445: A process referred to as metacognition . It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective studying. It is also relevant in social cognition, resulting in increased introspection , self-consciousness , and intellectualization (in the sense of thought about one's own thoughts, rather than
2700-703: A series adaptation of Flashdance , among others. In February 2021, Paramount+ announced a television adaptation of the Xbox Game Studios franchise Halo produced by Amblin Television and Showtime, set to premiere in 2022. The show had been moved from Showtime's slate, as ViacomCBS positions the network as a premium "adult" service (as opposed to the broader positioning of Paramount+). In May 2021, CBS announced that Evil and SEAL Team would move from CBS to Paramount+ beginning with their second and fifth seasons, respectively. In August 2021, as part of
2835-406: A specific order during puberty: The first facial hair to appear tends to grow at the corners of the upper lip, typically between 14 and 17 years of age. It then spreads to form a moustache over the entire upper lip. This is followed by the appearance of hair on the upper part of the cheeks, and the area under the lower lip. The hair eventually spreads to the sides and lower border of the chin, and
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#17328692733262970-442: A state of rapid growth and development; the triggered gonads now commence mass production of hormones. The testes primarily release testosterone , and the ovaries predominantly dispense estrogen . The production of these hormones increases gradually until sexual maturation is met. Some boys may develop gynecomastia due to an imbalance of sex hormones , tissue responsiveness or obesity . Facial hair in males normally appears in
3105-936: A typical aspect in maturing females. Because of their bodies' developing in advance, pubescent girls can become more insecure and dependent. Consequently, girls that reach sexual maturation early are more likely than their peers to develop eating disorders (such as anorexia nervosa ). Nearly half of all American high school girls' diets are to lose weight. In addition, girls may have to deal with sexual advances from older boys before they are emotionally and mentally mature. In addition to having earlier sexual experiences and more unwanted pregnancies than late maturing girls, early maturing girls are more exposed to alcohol and drug abuse . Those who have had such experiences tend to not perform as well in school as their "inexperienced" peers. Girls have usually reached full physical development around ages 15–17, while boys usually complete puberty around ages 16–17. Any increase in height beyond
3240-452: A willingness to take risks, teenagers would not have the motivation or confidence necessary to leave their family of origin. In addition, from a population perspective, there is an advantage to having a group of individuals willing to take more risks and try new methods, counterbalancing the more conservative elements more typical of the received knowledge held by older adults. Risk-taking may also have reproductive advantages: adolescents have
3375-412: Is spermarche , the first ejaculation , which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche , the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless of genes, a girl must have a certain proportion of body fat to attain menarche. Consequently, girls who have
3510-597: Is 10–11 for girls and 11–12 for boys. Every person's individual timetable for puberty is influenced primarily by heredity , although environmental factors, such as diet and exercise, also exert some influences. These factors can also contribute to precocious and delayed puberty . Some of the most significant parts of pubertal development involve distinctive physiological changes in individuals' height, weight, body composition, and circulatory and respiratory systems. These changes are largely influenced by hormonal activity. Hormones play an organizational role, priming
3645-457: Is Lucy, a tough, authoritative ranch hand. She is sometimes viewed as a mother figure to the teens and they often ask her for advice. Each episode begins with a cold open that usually ends with a pun. After that, the show's logo appears over the end of the cold open. Each character is then introduced as a horseshoe flips, followed again by the show's logo, after which the opening sequence fades out. Each episode ends with an instrumental version of
3780-465: Is a competent horse rider. Her love-hate relationship with Ted is a plot thread during the first half of the series. After David Lascher left the show during Season 3 in 1990, Ted was replaced by Ernst's nephew Jake, an eccentric slacker who likes to play the drums. Not long after, Kyle, a somewhat dim but handsome cowboy type, joined the ranch. When Ted returned to the show, he and Kyle became romantic rivals for Brad. The show's only other featured adult
3915-590: Is a difficult task due to multiple factors such as family life, environment, and social status. Empirical studies suggest that this process might be more accurately described as identity development , rather than formation, but confirms a normative process of change in both content and structure of one's thoughts about the self. The two main aspects of identity development are self-clarity and self-esteem. Since choices made during adolescent years can influence later life, high levels of self-awareness and self-control during mid-adolescence will lead to better decisions during
4050-451: Is a stage in the adolescent life cycle. For most, the search for identity begins in the adolescent years. During these years, adolescents are more open to 'trying on' different behaviours and appearances to discover who they are. In an attempt to find their identity and discover who they are, adolescents are likely to cycle through a number of identities to find one that suits them best. Developing and maintaining identity (in adolescent years)
4185-504: Is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood (typically corresponding to the age of majority ). Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier or end later. Puberty typically begins during preadolescence , particularly in females. Physical growth (particularly in males) and cognitive development can extend past
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4320-455: Is an excitatory neurotransmitter. During the synaptic pruning that occurs during adolescence, most of the neural connections that are pruned contain receptors for glutamate or other excitatory neurotransmitters. Because of this, by early adulthood the synaptic balance in the brain is more inhibitory than excitatory. Dopamine is associated with pleasure and attuning to the environment during decision-making. During adolescence, dopamine levels in
4455-430: Is commercial-free and, unlike CBS All Access, has only one pricing tier. In January 2019, CBS reported its largest increase in subscribers over a weekend—a 72% increase over the premiere of Discovery , crediting the premiere of season 2 of the series and that week's AFC Championship Game (which also brought the service its largest streaming audience for a football game). Super Bowl LIII would surpass this record only
4590-459: Is constructed via the choices and actions of an individual within the context of their historical period and social network. In 1984, the Society for Research on Adolescence (SRA) became the first official organization dedicated to the study of adolescent psychology. Some of the issues first addressed by this group include: the nature versus nurture debate as it pertains to adolescence; understanding
4725-782: Is currently the only show of the genre not to be available on either Corus services or Paramount+. Instead, it airs in Canada on the CTV Sci-Fi Channel. A localized version of Paramount+ operates in the Middle East as a premium offering on pay-TV provider OSN , replacing the now-defunct Paramount Channel . It features content from the aforementioned channel, as well as Nickelodeon , Comedy Central and MTV . In India, Paramount+ original programming, along with Showtime and CBS programming were made available under Voot Select in Viacom18 's Voot ,
4860-471: Is involved in decision making and cognitive control, as well as other higher cognitive functions. During adolescence, myelination and synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex increases, improving the efficiency of information processing, and neural connections between the prefrontal cortex and other regions of the brain are strengthened. This leads to better evaluation of risks and rewards, as well as improved control over impulses. Specifically, developments in
4995-545: Is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning , which leads to the development of hypothetical thinking. This provides the ability to plan ahead, see the future consequences of an action and to provide alternative explanations of events. It also makes adolescents more skilled debaters, as they can reason against
5130-410: Is more adult-like. Breast development will also be completed by this stage. In boys, four stages in development can be correlated with the curve of general body growth at adolescence. The initial sign of sexual maturation in boys usually is the "fat spurt". The maturing boy gains weight and becomes almost chubby, with a somewhat feminine fat distribution. This probably occurs because estrogen production by
5265-418: Is not limited to the limbic system: Several serotonin receptors have their gene expression change dramatically during adolescence, particularly in the human frontal and prefrontal cortex. Adolescence is a time of rapid cognitive development. Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease, allowing
5400-425: Is shaped by the period and location in which they grow up. The principle of the importance of timing in one's life refers to the different impact that life events have on development based on when in one's life they occur. The idea of linked lives states that one's development is shaped by the interconnected network of relationships of which one is a part and the principle of human agency asserts that one's life course
5535-428: Is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget , it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The second is the information-processing perspective , which derives from the study of artificial intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific components of
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5670-561: The 2026 World Cup . which would begin in 2023, sharing broadcasts with Pluto TV and the free-to-air television channel Chilevisión . Paramount+ has also acquired exclusive rights in Mexico , Central America , Belize and Dominican Republic for the Premier League starting in the 2022/2023 season, and will carry rights in Brazil to air Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana , beginning on
5805-522: The American Psychological Association have shown that adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more difficult time developing their identity. The idea of self-concept is known as the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistent and stable. Early in adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments,
5940-547: The Grammy Awards . Along with Star Trek , Big Brother 19 and the start of the 2017 NFL season had also driven major increases in growth that month. Buoyed by Star Trek: Discovery , CBS All Access reached over 2 million subscribers by early 2018. The 60th Annual Grammy Awards also provided a boost to sign-ups, marking the second largest day for new subscriptions after the Discovery premiere. In April 2018, CBS All Access
6075-518: The Great Depression and World War II , unique historical circumstances under which a generation of children grew up. The Oakland Growth Study, initiated by Harold Jones and Herbert Stolz in 1931, aimed to study the physical, intellectual, and social development of children in the Oakland area. Data collection began in 1932 and continued until 1981, allowing the researchers to gather longitudinal data on
6210-462: The NFL ; however due to the absence of streaming rights, a few sports events are not streamed on the service (mainly involving PGA Tour events, some locally programmed NFL preseason games, and select brokered shows through CBS Sports Spectacular ), along with limited syndicated and paid programming where only a local broadcast license to carry the program is allowed and web airing rights are retained by
6345-663: The TVING video streaming platform operated by the entertainment company CJ ENM . TVING subscribers can stream Paramount+ content at no additional charge, In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the service launched on June 21, 2022, one day earlier than planned, and is available to watch on the Amazon Prime Video platform and as a standalone app. An announcement about the launch of Paramount+ in Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland and Austria in
6480-714: The Xfinity Flex platform, followed by the X1 platform in December. On February 6, 2020, CNBC reported that ViacomCBS was in discussions to launch a larger premium streaming offering, combining CBS All Access with content from Paramount Pictures , the Domestic Media Networks division, and Pluto TV . The service would include an ad-free tier, and a premium tier that includes Showtime 's streaming service. The company would maintain its existing streaming platforms, while marketing
6615-401: The limbic system increase and input of dopamine to the prefrontal cortex increases. The balance of excitatory to inhibitory neurotransmitters and increased dopamine activity in adolescence may have implications for adolescent risk-taking and vulnerability to boredom (see Cognitive development below). Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in
6750-475: The sex organs . In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles , the prostate , and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The first ejaculation of seminal fluid generally occurs about one year after the beginning of accelerated penis growth, although this is often determined culturally rather than biologically, since for many boys
6885-493: The 2023 seasons for their respective football cups. The most recent episodes of CBS's shows are usually made available on CBS.com and Paramount+ the day after their original broadcast. Paramount+ provides complete back catalogs of most of its current series, including full-season "stacking rights" (with the exception of certain series, such as The Big Bang Theory , which CBS held only "last five" episode rights during its original run, as Warner Bros. retains all other rights as
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#17328692733267020-475: The Big Red Dog received simultaneous theatrical and Paramount+ releases on August 20 and November 10, 2021 respectively, while other future theatrical releases from Paramount would premiere on the service either after their theatrical run or after their run on Epix (which reached a new deal with ViacomCBS that same day to provide content for Paramount+, allowing recent releases from Paramount to be available on
7155-453: The British pediatrician who devised the categorization system. The human brain is not finished developing by the time a person reaches puberty, or even finishes it. The frontal lobe of the brain has been known to shape itself well into one's 30s. Neuroscientists often cannot agree precisely on when this developmental period ends or if there is an exact age for the end of brain development. Below
7290-562: The Freudian definition as a defense mechanism). Adolescents are much better able than children to understand that people do not have complete control over their mental activity. Being able to introspect may lead to two forms of adolescent egocentrism, which results in two distinct problems in thinking: the imaginary audience and the personal fable . These likely peak at age fifteen, along with self-consciousness in general. Related to metacognition and abstract thought , perspective-taking involves
7425-477: The Leydig cells in the testes is stimulated before the more abundant Sertoli cells begin to produce significant amounts of testosterone. During this stage, boys may appear obese and somewhat awkward physically. Approximately 1 year after the scrotum begins to increase in size, stage II can be seen. During this time, there is a redistribution of subcutaneous fat and the start of pubic hair growth. Following 8 to 12 months of
7560-510: The NFL's rights renewal with CBS, Paramount+ gains expanded rights to stream games on both its premium and ad-supported tiers between 2021 and 2033. On January 27, 2022, it was announced that the platform would broadcast all the matches of the Chile National Team as well as the rest of the qualifying games (with the exception of the home games of the Brazil and Bolivia national teams) towards
7695-529: The Nordics and Latin America, replacing an existing service of the same name, with additional markets to follow. In Australia, while the relaunched service will premiere all new Showtime original programs going forward, currently airing series will remain on Stan until their conclusion under an existing deal. The Paramount+ brand itself was originated as a subscription video on demand film service, first launching in
7830-560: The Nordics in 2017, and then in Hungary , Latin America , and Russia in the following three years. The current iteration of Paramount+ in the Nordics and Latin America was preceded by this service. Outside the United States, Paramount+ is currently available in Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Latin America, Middle East (as a pay TV channel), the United Kingdom and Ireland. Additionally,
7965-1096: The Paramount+ SVOD service is still active in Russia (as Okko Paramount+ and IVI Paramount Play ), though the current streaming service is unavailable in said regions. Due to program rights and existing content deals, several programs are not available on local versions, or have delayed availability for new episodes. For example, Star Trek: Discovery and all others from the franchise are licensed to Bell Media in Canada for their CTV Sci-Fi (in English) and Z (in French) channels and streaming service Crave . As another example, selected Paramount+ original kids and family programming such as Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years and Rugrats are licensed to Corus Entertainment for their YTV and Treehouse networks and Nick+ streaming service in 2021, in part due to pre-existing agreements between Corus and Paramount Global. Star Trek: Prodigy
8100-580: The Paramount+ service in South Korea ended after June 18, 2024. In 2021, ViacomCBS issued a press release that revealed the combined number of subscribers to both CBS All Access and Showtime (another streaming product). That press release revealed that the two streaming services had a combined 19.2 million US subscribers, though the release did not provide individual numbers for either service. In May, ViacomCBS reported to have gained 6 million subscribers during
8235-489: The U.S. broadcast rights to Danger Mouse (1981) (as well as the reboot of the series), Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs , and several other series from WildBrain including Inspector Gadget (and Inspector Gadget's Field Trip ), Bob the Builder ( original and reboot ), Polly Pocket and others. On July 30, 2020, CBS All Access added 56 shows from ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks . On February 15, 2022, it
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#17328692733268370-530: The United States and 10 All Access in Australia ) is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Paramount Global . The service's content is drawn primarily from the libraries of CBS Media Ventures , CBS Studios , Paramount Media Networks (formerly Viacom Media Networks and ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks), and Paramount Pictures , while also including original series and films, live streaming sports coverage , and in
8505-702: The United States to the UEFA Champions League and Europa League in European soccer, replacing Turner Sports. All matches will stream on the service, with selected matches on the broadcast network and CBS Sports Network . The contract was initially to begin in the 2021–22 season and last through 2023–24. However, during a suspension of the 2019–20 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe , existing rightsholder Turner Sports opted out of its contract, and CBS took over
8640-550: The United States was fully integrated with the advertising-free premium tier of Paramount+, replacing the aforementioned bundle first introduced in 2021. The newly renamed "Paramount+ with Showtime" premium tier was raised from $ 9.99 to $ 11.99 per month while the "Essential" plan (containing advertising and no Showtime content) was raised from $ 4.99 to $ 5.99 per month. The existing, standalone Showtime and cable-specific Showtime Anytime apps were discontinued on December 14, 2023. This service launched in South Korea on June 16, 2022, on
8775-646: The United States, bone density increases significantly more among black than white adolescents, which might account for decreased likelihood of black women developing osteoporosis and having fewer bone fractures there. Another set of significant physical changes during puberty happen in bodily distribution of fat and muscle. This process is different for females and males. Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes experience rapid muscle development. In contrast, though both sexes experience an increase in body fat,
8910-451: The United States, live streaming of local CBS broadcast stations. The service was launched in the United States in 2014, as CBS All Access, initially focusing on the live streaming of CBS programming from its local affiliates, as well as on-demand access to CBS programs and library content. The service began to expand into original programming in 2016, beginning with spin-offs of CBS programs such as Big Brother , The Good Fight , and
9045-525: The United States. Canada was announced as the first international market to receive the service. Plans to launch in Australia quickly followed, resulting from CBS's purchase of free-to-air broadcaster Network 10 . In September 2017, Star Trek: Discovery premiered on CBS All Access, with its first episode also airing on the CBS broadcast network to promote the service. CBS reported that the premiere had driven its largest single-day increase in new subscribers since
9180-636: The ability to think about abstract, future possibilities, and the ability to consider multiple possibilities at once. As a result, adolescents experience a significant shift from the simple, concrete, and global self-descriptions typical of young children; as children, they defined themselves by physical traits whereas adolescents define themselves based on their values, thoughts, and opinions. Paramount%2B Through third-party distributors: Baltics, Caribbean, India, French-speaking Switzerland, Middle East, New Zealand, South Korea and Thailand Paramount+ (known until 2021 as CBS All Access in
9315-510: The adolescent ages. The dual systems model proposes a maturational imbalance between development of the socioemotional system and cognitive control systems in the brain that contribute to impulsivity and other behaviors characteristic of adolescence. Some studies like the ABCD Study are researching on the baseline of adolescent cognitive development. There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One
9450-480: The advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in being picked first for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, are more confident, secure, and more independent. Late maturing boys can be less confident because of poor body image when comparing themselves to already developed friends and peers. However, early puberty is not always positive for boys; early sexual maturation in boys can be accompanied by increased aggressiveness due to
9585-432: The age of about roughly 30, the human brain has been implicated in human behavior and social immaturity. However, there has been no empirical study indicating a causal relationship with the development of the prefrontal cortex in adolescence and into early adulthood with any irrational behaviors. The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by six years of age. Thus, the brain does not grow in size much during adolescence. Over
9720-422: The beginning of rapid growth, there is the development of breast buds and pubic hair. The peak period of physical growth occurs approximately one year later in concert with stage two of sexual maturity. Approximately 1 to 1.6 years after the onset of secondary sex characteristics, girls enter into the third stage which typically includes menarche. By this time, they will have finished their growth spurt and experience
9855-435: The body to behave in a certain way once puberty begins, and an active role, referring to changes in hormones during adolescence that trigger behavioral and physical changes. Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example,
9990-399: The brain are noted to be mature by 14 or 15, making 'maturity' hard to define and has often been disagreed with. Prefrontal cortex pruning has been recorded to level off by age 14 or 15, and has been seen to continue as late as into the sixth decade of life. White matter is recorded to increase up until around the age of 45, and then it is lost via progressive aging. Adolescents' thinking
10125-506: The chin and the upper lip, adult distribution and color of pubic and axillary hair, and a further increase in muscular strength. The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones , and androgens . Males experience their growth spurt about two years later, on average, than females. During their peak height velocity (the time of most rapid growth), adolescents grow at
10260-622: The combined "Paramount+ with Showtime" service for $ 11.99 per-month with ads and $ 14.99 without; a discount for new subscribers was available as an introductory offer through October 2. On August 15, 2022, Walmart reached an exclusive deal with Paramount+ to offer the streaming service as part of its Walmart+ offering. It meant that Walmart+ customers could access the ad-supported plan on Paramount+ at no additional charge. Qantas also announced it had partnered with Paramount ANZ to offer Paramount+ on its in-flight entertainment systems. On June 27, 2023, Showtime's direct-to-consumer service in
10395-473: The course of adolescence, the amount of white matter in the brain increases linearly, while the amount of grey matter in the brain follows an inverted-U pattern. Through a process called synaptic pruning , unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain are eliminated and the amount of grey matter is pared down. However, this does not mean that the brain loses functionality; rather, it becomes more efficient due to increased myelination (insulation of axons) and
10530-403: The dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field
10665-408: The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are important for controlling impulses and planning ahead, while development in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is important for decision making. Changes in the orbitofrontal cortex are important for evaluating rewards and risks. Three neurotransmitters that play important roles in adolescent brain development are glutamate , dopamine and serotonin . Glutamate
10800-493: The end of 2021. This number increased to 39.6 million as of late March and reached to 43.4 million by September. In November 2015, it was announced that CBS All Access would expand into original programming, announcing plans for a new Star Trek television series produced by Alex Kurtzman to premiere in 2017. The series would be the first television series in the franchise since Star Trek: Enterprise (which ran from 2001 to 2005 on former corporate sibling UPN ). The series
10935-586: The family circle, they learn that rules they were taught as absolute are in fact relativistic. They begin to differentiate between rules instituted out of common sense—not touching a hot stove—and those that are based on culturally relative standards (codes of etiquette, not dating until a certain age), a delineation that younger children do not make. This can lead to a period of questioning authority in all domains. Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (alcohol consumption and drug use, reckless or distracted driving, unprotected sex),
11070-403: The first ejaculation occurs as a result of masturbation. Boys are generally fertile before they have an adult appearance. In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche , the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally,
11205-416: The first quarter. This brought the total number of global subscribers for ViacomCBS streaming platforms (Paramount+, Showtime, BET+) to 36 million. Out of the 36 million subscribers, a majority of these subscribers are subscribed to Paramount+; however, the exact number of subscribers were not released. On February 15, 2022, Paramount announced that 32.8 million subscribers have signed up for Paramount+ as of
11340-425: The future. This phenomenon also has consequences for behavioral treatments based on the principle of extinction, such as cue exposure therapy for anxiety or drug addiction. It has been suggested that impaired inhibition, specifically extinction, may help to explain adolescent propensity to relapse to drug-seeking even following behavioral treatment for addiction. The formal study of adolescent psychology began with
11475-650: The increase is much more significant for girls. Frequently, the increase in fat for girls happens in their years just before puberty. The ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys is around three to one, while for girls it is about five to four. This may help explain sex differences in athletic performance. Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure,
11610-430: The individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. A combination of behavioural and fMRI studies have demonstrated development of executive functions , that is, cognitive skills that enable the control and coordination of thoughts and behaviour, which are generally associated with the prefrontal cortex . The thoughts, ideas and concepts developed at this period of life greatly influence one's future life, playing
11745-576: The individuals that extended past adolescence into adulthood. Jean Macfarlane launched the Berkeley Guidance Study, which examined the development of children in terms of their socioeconomic and family backgrounds. These studies provided the background for Glen Elder in the 1960s to propose a life course perspective of adolescent development. Elder formulated several descriptive principles of adolescent development. The principle of historical time and place states that an individual's development
11880-417: The interactions between adolescents and their environment; and considering culture, social groups, and historical context when interpreting adolescent behavior. Evolutionary biologists like Jeremy Griffith have drawn parallels between adolescent psychology and the developmental evolution of modern humans from hominid ancestors as a manifestation of ontogeny recapitulating phylogeny . Identity development
12015-430: The limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic system make adolescents more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stress. The corresponding increase in emotional variability also can increase adolescents' vulnerability. The effect of serotonin
12150-528: The lives of ranch staff, with cast members often recalling pranks and colleagues from previous summers. The first season of Hey Dude became available for download from the iTunes Store on July 29, 2008. The second season of Hey Dude became available for download from the iTunes Store in August 2010. The third season of Hey Dude became available for download from the iTunes Store on November 29, 2011 (only containing 12 out of 13 episodes). All five seasons of
12285-516: The new Star Trek television series Star Trek: Discovery . Content from Comedy Central , MTV , Nickelodeon , and other Viacom brands was subsequently included, and in 2021, the service was rebranded as Paramount+, taking its name from the Paramount Pictures film studio and becoming a companion to other Paramount brands, mainly CBS, Nickelodeon, and Paramount Pictures. It expanded into Australia, Latin America, and Europe. CBS All Access
12420-600: The new name. On January 19, 2021, it was announced that Paramount+ would launch on March 4, 2021, with information being released on February 24, 2021, during an investor event. The company announced that no updates will be provided for apps on second or third generation Apple TV once the service relaunches. ViacomCBS announced during their investor event on February 24 that Paramount+ would premiere new 2021 theatrical releases from Paramount Pictures (such as A Quiet Place Part II and Snake Eyes ) 45 days after their theatrical release, PAW Patrol: The Movie and Clifford
12555-622: The new service to users of these other services. ViacomCBS partially outlined these plans in a corporate earnings call on February 20, 2020, stating that the expanded All Access service would take a "house of brands" approach to content and serve as a mid-tier offering complementing Pluto TV (which would remain a free service) and the Showtime OTT service by "adding a broad pay offering, built on All Access's foundation." The expanded service will include content from MTV , VH1 , Nickelodeon , Comedy Central , BET , and Smithsonian Channel , as well as
12690-439: The official wireless sponsor of the league. In the 2018 NFL season , a new agreement with Verizon ending that exclusivity began to allow CBS All Access to stream games to all mobile devices; Super Bowl games run on CBS All Access without the need for any authentication. As of February 2017, the service had nearly 1.5 million subscribers. In August of the same year, CBS unveiled plans to expand CBS All Access to markets outside
12825-407: The peak velocity in height gain, stage III ensues. This period is marked by an obvious widenening of hips with a more adult-like fat distribution and full development of the breasts. All together, these three stages culminate in a complete growth spurt for most individuals. At this time, axillary hair appears and facial hair appears on the upper lip only. A spurt in muscle growth also occurs, along with
12960-417: The post-pubertal age is uncommon. Girls attain reproductive maturity about four years after the first physical changes of puberty appear. In contrast, boys develop more slowly but continue to grow for about six years after the first visible pubertal changes. The physical development of girls during their teenage years can be broken down into three distinct stages. At the start, which generally coincides with
13095-486: The potential rewards and consequences of an action. However, research has shown that adolescents seem to give more weight to rewards, particularly social rewards, than do adults. Research seems to favor the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk in similar ways, but hold different values and thus come to different conclusions. Some have argued that there may be evolutionary benefits to an increased propensity for risk-taking in adolescence. For example, without
13230-598: The pre-1973 NBC and ABC libraries to subscribers of the service. Paramount+ also carries behind-the-scenes features from CBS programs and special events, and (beginning with the 17th season in June 2015) live feeds and special content from the reality series Big Brother . However, with Warner Bros. licensing its content from its television and film library (even including a few HBO series) to Paramount+ in select regions like Australia, The Big Bang Theory would soon be made available for streaming on Paramount+. In mid-April 2017,
13365-489: The publication of G. Stanley Hall 's Adolescence in 1904. Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association , defined adolescence to be the period of life from ages 14 to 24, and viewed it primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval ( sturm und drang ). This understanding of youth was based on two then-new ways of understanding human behavior : Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory . He believed that adolescence
13500-421: The reduction of unused pathways. The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significant changes in the brain occur in the prefrontal cortex, which
13635-507: The renewal of Comedy Central animated series South Park through 2027, it was announced that series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone would produce 14 movie-length South Park specials for Paramount+, with two premiering annually from 2021 through 2027. Streaming rights to the South Park series proper are owned by Max through 2025, after which streaming rights for new episodes will move to Paramount+ beginning in 2024 (season 27), and
13770-477: The rest of the lower face to form a full beard. As with most human biological processes, this specific order may vary among some individuals. Facial hair is often present in late adolescence, around ages 17 and 18, but may not appear until significantly later. Some men do not develop full facial hair for 10 years after puberty. Facial hair continues to get coarser, much darker, and thicker for another 2–4 years after puberty. The major landmark of puberty for males
13905-551: The rights early for its remaining seasons. On August 19, 2022, UEFA extended the deal until 2030. The service has picked up other domestic and international soccer events as well, including the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), CONCACAF Nations League , Women's Nations League , and 2022 CONCACAF Women's Championship , the Argentine Primera División , Brazilian Série A , and Italy's Serie A . As part of
14040-544: The second half of the year was made in early 2022. in late 2022, Paramount+ announced that the streaming service will be launched in France and French-speaking Switzerland on December 1, followed by its arrival in Germany, Austria and German-speaking Switzerland on December 8. Paramount+ was replaced in the Nordics by SkyShowtime , a joint venture with Comcast that also includes Sky Studios and NBCUniversal content. SkyShowtime
14175-476: The series are available for purchase as DVD or streaming episodes through Amazon.com . On April 11, 2011, it was announced that Shout! Factory had acquired the rights to the series. They subsequently released the entire series on DVD in Region 1. The fourth season was released on DVD as a Shout Select title, available exclusively through Shout Factory's website and select Amazon.com sellers. The fifth and final season
14310-411: The series library in 2025. In May 2022, Paramount announced that Paramount+ was planned to commission 150 international originals by 2025, including several from Latin America (mainly Mexico) and European territories (including France, Italy and Spain). Paramount+ also carries sports programming, in conjunction with CBS Sports . In November 2019, CBS announced that it had acquired streaming rights in
14445-465: The service allows live programming streams of local CBS affiliates in 194 markets reaching 92% of the United States (including stations owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group , Hearst Television , Tegna Media , Nexstar Media Group , Meredith Corporation , Griffin Media , Gray Television , Weigel Broadcasting , and Cox Media Group and the launch group of CBS Television Stations ), including SEC sports and
14580-527: The service among other titles). The relaunch occurred as announced on March 4, 2021, with additional streaming content being launched and further rebranding efforts taking place at that time. In August 2021, it was announced that Paramount+ would be shut down in Nordic Europe in 2022 in favor of SkyShowtime, a joint venture with Comcast -owned Sky Group that would also include content from Showtime, Sky Studios , and NBCUniversal . In September 2021, it
14715-410: The service in 2021. With the expansion, it was also announced that the service would rebrand in early-2021 to separate itself from CBS's platforms, and that there were plans to add multiple user profiles and parental controls later in 2020. On September 15, 2020, it was announced that CBS All Access would rebrand as Paramount+ in 2021, and that it planned to perform more international expansion under
14850-889: The service's rebranding as Paramount+, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run and spin-off series Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years debuted in March 2021. Sponge on the Run was also made available to rent on demand on the same day. ViacomCBS announced planned original series such as the true crime series The Real Criminal Minds , a revival of Behind the Music , a revival of the BET series The Game , Taylor Sheridan 's Lioness , and The Offer —a drama based on Albert S. Ruddy 's experiences filming The Godfather . It later announced plans to produce continuations, revivals, and reboots of other properties, including Frasier , iCarly , Reno 911! , and
14985-737: The service, named 10 All Access , on December 4, 2018. In August 2020, ViacomCBS announced plans to launch an expanded international streaming service using the CBS All Access technical architecture, but under the new Paramount+ name (revealed in September) in 2021; the Paramount+ name would also be applied to the American replacement to CBS All Access. The service features original programming from CBS All Access as well as Showtime , plus additional programming including Paramount Pictures films which may vary by market. The service would initially launch in
15120-437: The service, starting with more than 100 from Paramount Pictures, and ViacomCBS announced that CBS All Access will expand internationally within twelve months. On July 30, 2020, CBS All Access added several shows from ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks , introduced a new user interface with "hubs" for different brands, and revealed that Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years (previously planned to air on Nickelodeon) would debut on
15255-569: The show's creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone extending their deals with Paramount Global in August 2021; the streaming acquisition of the series will also include the rights to all 310 episodes beginning in 2022 in other countries and in 2025 in the United States. CBS's Christmas specials are not available on Paramount+. CBS All Access was first launched in the United States on October 27, 2014. The service would receive its first International expansion on April 23, 2018, when CBS All Access expanded to Canada. Australia received its own version of
15390-621: The show's distributor), as well as a wide selection of episodes of classic series from the CBS Media Ventures program library – including shows previously owned by the original Paramount Television made for both CBS and other networks prior to CBS's acquisition of its program library through the CBS-Viacom split (including the complete episode catalog of shows like Star Trek , Cheers , MacGyver , Twin Peaks and CSI: Miami ), along with
15525-674: The show's theme song while the credits roll over stills from the episode. David Lascher and Joe Torres were nominated for a 1991 Young Artist Award in the Best Youth Variety or Game Show category for their roles on Hey Dude . Hey Dude was videotaped on location at the Tanque Verde Guest Ranch in Tucson, Arizona . The show was produced by Cinetel Productions . Casting began in 1988 with local auditions held in Tucson. Josh Tygiel, who
15660-532: The surge of hormones that affect them. Because they appear older than their peers, pubescent boys may face increased social pressure to conform to adult norms; society may view them as more emotionally advanced, despite the fact that their cognitive and social development may lag behind their appearance. Studies have shown that early maturing boys are more likely to be sexually active and are more likely to participate in risky behaviors. For girls, early maturation can sometimes lead to increased self-consciousness,
15795-489: The syndicator or infomercial producer. By the very nature of its being live, streaming of a local affiliate does include all advertising, even with the commercial-free plan. On December 1, 2016, CBS announced an agreement with the NFL to allow clearance of regional NFL games carried by CBS on CBS All Access from Week 13 of the 2016 NFL season on. At the time, the games were blacked out on non– Verizon Wireless mobile devices due to that provider's exclusivity agreement as
15930-470: The teens. Age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have not agreed upon a precise definition. Some definitions start as early as 10 and end as late as 30. The World Health Organization definition officially designates an adolescent as someone between the ages of 10 and 19. Puberty is a period of several years in which rapid physical growth and psychological changes occur, culminating in sexual maturity. The average age of onset of puberty
16065-418: The thinking process. By the time individuals have reached ages 12–14 or so their critical thinking and decision-making competency are comparable to those of adults. These improvements occur in five areas during adolescence: Studies newer than 2005 indicate that the brain is changing in efficiency well past its twenties, a 'point of maturity' in the twenties is somewhat arbitrary as many important parts of
16200-555: The transition to adulthood. Researchers have used three general approaches to understanding identity development: self-concept, sense of identity, and self-esteem. The years of adolescence create a more conscientious group of young adults. Adolescents pay close attention and give more time and effort to their appearance as their body goes through changes. Unlike children, teens put forth an effort to look presentable (1991). The environment in which an adolescent grows up also plays an important role in their identity development. Studies done by
16335-448: The voice, roughening of the skin around the upper arms and thighs, and increased development of the sweat glands. In females, secondary sex changes involve elevation of the breasts, widening of the hips, development of pubic and underarm hair, widening of the areolae, and elevation of the nipples. The changes in secondary sex characteristics that take place during puberty are often referred to in terms of five Tanner stages , named after
16470-492: The ways in which language can be used to convey multiple messages, such as satire, metaphor, and sarcasm . (Children younger than age nine often cannot comprehend sarcasm at all.) This also permits the application of advanced reasoning and logical processes to social and ideological matters such as interpersonal relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, morality, friendship, faith, fairness, and honesty. A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself,
16605-428: Was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on
16740-491: Was announced that Paramount+ would be the new streaming home for South Park in the United States beginning with season 27 in 2024, after HBO Max 's deal to the show will expire in 2025 in the United States and its separate international deal with Netflix has also expired in 2022, with all current seasons of South Park rolling out onto the service in countries where it is available, with new episodes premiering on Paramount+ in those regions. This comes just seven months after
16875-464: Was announced that Showtime's direct-to-consumer service would be offered as part of a bundle with Paramount+. Showtime content would still be accessed via the Showtime app and website, but plans were announced for Showtime content to be accessible within the Paramount+ apps for its DTC subscribers later in 2022. The change was implemented in August 2022, with subscribers on both services able to upgrade to
17010-828: Was announced that a streaming spin-off season of CBS reality series Big Brother was being planned for CBS All Access. The season, Big Brother: Over the Top , premiered in September 2016. Further Star Trek television series were announced for CBS All Access as well: in February 2019, CBS All Access announced what would become Star Trek: Picard , focusing on the Star Trek: The Next Generation series' captain, which premiered in January 2020. The adult animation series Star Trek: Lower Decks premiered in August 2020. With
17145-423: Was cast as protagonist Buddy Ernst, was one of 120 Tucson-area boys who auditioned for the series. Joe Torres was cast as Danny Lightfoot after auditioning in Tucson for the role. While most of the show was technically shot on the property of the Tanque Verde Guest Ranch, the familiar "ranch" that was known to television viewers was actually built from scratch roughly a mile away from the main public areas. This
17280-502: Was done so ranch guests would not be bothered by the production and to create buildings with a more "western" look, which was not offered by the relatively modern and luxurious Tanque Verde. The main lodge, boys and girls bunks, guest lodge (which doubled as cast dressing rooms) and the stable were all built specifically for the production. After the show ended production, the buildings were abandoned and several are still standing to this day, albeit in much disrepair. The swimming pool that
17415-418: Was frequently used on the show is the main pool for the Tanque Verde Guest Ranch and is still in use by guests. The set is located at 32°14′26″N 110°41′24″W / 32.24056°N 110.69000°W / 32.24056; -110.69000 , about fifteen miles east of Tucson, Arizona. The series ran for 65 episodes over two years from 1989 to 1991. Each season take place over the course of one summer in
17550-457: Was later announced as Star Trek: Discovery . In May 2016, it was announced that The Good Wife would get a spin-off featuring Christine Baranski 's character Diane Lockhart ; The Good Fight launched with a CBS broadcast premiere in February 2017, with the remaining nine episodes exclusive to CBS All Access. This became the first original drama on the platform, ahead of the delayed launch of Star Trek: Discovery . In August 2016, it
17685-551: Was launched on October 28, 2014, priced at US$ 5.99 per month with advertising and $ 9.99 per month without. Announced on October 16, 2014, as the first over-the-top (OTT) offering by an American broadcast television network, the service initially encompassed the network's existing streaming portal at CBS.com and its mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers; CBS All Access became available on Roku on April 7, 2015, and on Chromecast on May 14, 2015. In addition to providing full-length episodes of past and present CBS programs,
17820-401: Was made available outside the United States for the first time when it was launched in Canada. The service launched in Australia in December 2018 as 10 All Access. It operated alongside 10's free catch up and live streaming service 10 Play and contains a mixture of Network 10 and CBS programming. CBS shows are made available on All Access prior to being broadcast on 10's channels. 10 All Access
17955-569: Was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them. Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley 's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological personalities. The studies looked at human development during
18090-593: Was released on July 16, 2013, also as a Shout Select title. On March 10, 2015, Shout! released Hey Dude: The Complete Series on DVD as a Walmart exclusive in full screen format. It is also available through Amazon.com. On May 9, 2017, the complete series was re-released as a general retail release. On March 24, 2021, the series (with the exception of "They're Back" from Season 4) was added to Paramount+ . ♦—Shout! Factory Exclusives title, sold exclusively through Shout's online store Teenager Adolescence (from Latin adolescere 'to mature')
18225-475: Was subsequently launched throughout many European countries over the course of late 2022 and early 2023, not including territories where Sky operates as a pay TV provider or France. The service is scheduled to be launched in Japan from November 15, 2023, in partnership with the cable television J:COM and Wowow , as part of their video streaming services, under a similar agreement to that of the South Korea. However,
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