Banovo Brdo ( Serbian Cyrillic : Баново брдо , pronounced [bǎːnɔ̝v̞ɔ̝ː br̩̂dɔ̝] ) is a neighbourhood of Belgrade , Serbia . It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Čukarica .
129-424: Banovo Brdo is bounded by the neighborhoods of Čukarica and Čukarička Padina in the west, Ada Ciganlija and Careva Ćuprija in the north, Topčider and Košutnjak in the east and Žarkovo and Julino Brdo in the south. Eastern parts of Banovo Brdo make two sub-neighborhoods, Golf Naselje and Sunčana Padina . Banovo Brdo is 7 km (4.3 mi) away from downtown Belgrade and stretches along both sides of
258-518: A heavily wooded area, air humidity is heightened compared to the rest of the city, helping to nullify Belgrade's high temperatures during summer. Lake Sava ( Serbian : Савско језеро, Savsko jezero ), often also referred to as Ada , was created from the right arm of the Sava with the building of two dams near the northern and southern tips of the island in 1967. The lake is 4.2 km (2.6 mi) long, has an average width of 200 m (660 ft) and
387-544: A house for the workers. The complex was later renovated and expanded several times with new objects. Already in 1902 it was temporarily closed due to being unprofitable. It was heavily damaged during the World War I and remained privately owned until 1918 when the Serbian Ministry of Justice began administering it. In 1925 it was reorganized as a separate company again, under the name of "State sugar factory in Čukarica". It
516-545: A library, daily club for the elderly, etc. The small plateau in front of the center will be transformed into the green area. Residential block between the Lješka and Turgenjevljeva streets which consists of 8 one-floor buildings called the "pavilions", will be demolished and five-storey buildings will be built instead. Higher buildings will be also allowed in the wider section, which is an individual residential area today, with houses and yards. City responded that they wish to expand
645-402: A total of 19 ha (47 acres). A pedestrian zone will be formed from the streets of Kozačinskog and Ščerbinova , and the small squares at elementary school Josif Pančič and the newly reconstructed Beteks shopping center. Multi-level garage (two under the ground, three above) will be built on the central Šumadija Square. Neglected "Čukarica" cultural center will be revitalized and will host
774-432: A wholly insulated river island. Formerly an island, Ada Ciganlija is now an elongated peninsula, stretching for 6 km from west to east and 700 m from north to south at its widest, and covering an area of 2.7 km . The entire Ada Ciganlija ecological complex, which stretches into the municipality of Novi Beograd, covers an area of 8 km , including the islands of Ada Ciganlija and Ada Međica, waterways between
903-457: Is 12 mm (0.47 in) in diameter and have no sting cells) actually have been present in the lake for over 20 years. The first specimens were discovered in 1994 and they can also be found in the Danube . They live only for several days. Ada Safari ( Serbian : Ада Сафари ) is a small, irregularly shaped lake on the northern tip of Ada Ciganlija, primarily used for fishing . In the late 1960s,
1032-416: Is 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) deep. It covers and area of 0.86 km (0.33 sq mi) and is 78 m (256 ft) above sea level, one of the lowest areas of Belgrade. 7 km (4.3 mi) of its shores on both sides have been transformed into a gravel beach. The water regularly reaches 24 °C (75 °F) during summer. Both dams allow water to flow through tubes and pumps. This way,
1161-556: Is a river island that has artificially been turned into a peninsula, located in the Sava River 's course through central Belgrade , Serbia . The name can also refer to the adjoining artificial Lake Sava and its beach. To take advantage of its central location, over the past few decades, it was turned into an immensely popular recreational zone, most notable for its beaches and sports facilities, which, during summer seasons, can have over 100,000 visitors daily and up to 300,000 visitors over
1290-549: Is also a restaurant on the shore and a typical Serbian 18th century house from Šumadija which was deconstructed from the Central Serbia and transferred here. The house was originally built around 1735 in the village of Junkovac , near Topola . There is also a "Magical forest", an area for the kids with reproductions of the fairytale characters: Evil Witch, Cinderella, Wolf and the Three Little Pigs, Little Red Riding Hood,
1419-399: Is an area under sanitary protection. Šapić then back-pedaled a bit, stating that this is just a "political idea" which is not hastily made, that only now analyses and surveys will be done to check the viability, that nothing will be built instead of the zoo but the fortress will be conserved , and that there is no set time frame for the project. The arm of the Sava river which separated
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#17328734602151548-616: Is believed that the Serbian soldiers were transferred to the joint ossuary for the World War I soldiers in the Belgrade New Cemetery . The other German monument is today within the yard of a privately owned school, while Belgrade is no more visible from the spot as the Košutnjak forest expanded and completely engulfed the area. The only remaining visible mark of the cemetery itself is part of
1677-480: Is considered the weakest section of the entire embankment system on the island is just 100 m (330 ft) from the Partizan settlement. Next to the building is the parking for the communal vehicles used for the works on Ada. In 2011, the management ordered the artists to move out. As of 2023, the building still stands and serves as an atelier. One of the artists working there was Ratko Vulanović (1941–2023), author of
1806-418: Is forbidden. Cultural and sports complexes are allowed. Some of the existing structures, like the watch tower, a residential house, and chimney of the former heating plant, have to remain intact, or eventually to be renovated. On 17 December 2021, city sold the lot to the controversial "Belgrade Waterfront" investor. Political opposition and activists criticized the purchase, citing dubious and haste process, and
1935-431: Is in its northern section, located behind another dam. It is called Partizan , because of the nearby Partizan Rowing Club . First stilt houses were built right after World War II as the summer houses for the army officers. In 1959 the construction of the proper settlement was suggested, and the first houses were built in 1960. Those were small, serial weekend houses with an area of 12 m (130 sq ft). Most of
2064-537: Is rare in Serbia. Fish are mostly released back into the lake as fishermen can keep their catch in case if the fish is lighter than 10 kg (22 lb), if they pay extra and if it is not a tench , which is protected by the law. Some animals roam freely in the area, like rabbits , ducks , geese and swans . A small zoo has been built next to the lake, chiefly containing swamp birds, as well as more exotic animals such as peacocks , pheasants and pygmy goats . There
2193-577: Is the initial part of the Požeška street-Trgovačka street direction which continues into the Ibarska magistrala (Highway of Ibar ), one of the major roads in western Serbia. After the first sugar refinery in Serbia was opened in Čukarica in 1901, on the northern slopes of the hill, majority of original workers came from Germany. As they were mostly Roman Catholics, after the campaign by the Lazarists from Slovenia,
2322-550: Is where the Topčiderka river flows into the Sava. Near the connection point with the main flow of the Sava, the bay is today crossed by the Ada Bridge . The bay is used for the sports and leisure activities as the kayaking clubs were located in it, so as the marina for small boats, while the banks are encircled with the bicycle paths. The bay is 1.3 km (0.81 mi) long and 120 to 160 m (390 to 520 ft) wide. Surface of
2451-641: The Church of the Saints Cyril and Methodius [ sr ] was built in 1929. A Serbian Orthodox Church of Saint George followed in 1932. There are three elementary/middle schools, Josif Pančić , Banović Strahinja and Filip Kljajic-Fića , as well as school for kids with special needs, Milojе Pavlović . There are also two high schools, XIII Belgrade Gymnasium and High School of Chemistry, and two public colleges, Faculty of Forestry, and Faculty of Sport and Physical Education , University of Belgrade . Since
2580-625: The Long Bridge , the first permanent bridge in Belgrade's history. As the opposing, Syrmian side across the Sava was a vast marsh at the time (modern New Belgrade ), the bridge didn't stop at the bank but continued for some length above the swamp. Because of that, the people also called it the Bridge above the marsh ( Most preko močvare ). The bridge was built by the Austrians to help them conquer Belgrade from
2709-584: The Ottomans during the 1688 Siege of Belgrade . According to the records, a seasoned Belgrade master craftsman Đorđević "in only one month, with the help of his 400 workers, built the Long Bridge, using 2,000 tree trunks, 1,100 wooden piles, 15,500 bundles of palings and 12,000 palisade pickets." Right next to it, bit closer to Ada Ciganlija, the Austrians constructed another, classical pontoon bridge, which "leaned on
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#17328734602152838-456: The World War I , Serbian forces spread over the island to prevent Austrians to use it as the starting point of entering Serbia. Two major battles ensued, on 22–24 September 1914 and in September 1915. In an effort to exploit the withdrawal of the Serbian army from Syrmia in September 1914, Austro-Hungarian Lieutenant field marshal Kasimir von Lütgendorf [ de ] decided to conduct
2967-532: The Yugoslav Wars since 1991. City authorities planned to relocate the settlement. During the 2006 European floods , city authorities urged them to move to the mainland from the settlement, which was located almost 8 m (26 ft) below the dam, as the Sava reached a record height of 723 cm (285 in). The wall of the dam, on the brink of collapse, was hastily strengthened and elevated in an effort to prevent catastrophe, but even in these conditions,
3096-402: The excise on the goods (in Serbian called trošarina ) and setting of a series of excise check points on the roads leading to the city. One of those check points, which all gradually also became known as trošarina , was located next to Topiderka's mouth into the Sava, across the northern tip of Ada. Built in the 1830s and 1840s, it became known as Gospodarska Mehana . It was also a location of
3225-399: The feint attack on the Sava rivers (Ciganlija and Međica) which was to be followed by the landing operation on the Serbian side of the river, conquering of the neighborhoods of Banovo Brdo and Topčider and then, using the western route, entering downtown Belgrade. Attack began on 22 September when the first group of the Austrians attempted to land on the southern tip of Ada. The location
3354-458: The "political decision was made to handle this", and, if everything goes by the plan, the relocation might be finished in three years. The new zoo will be double in size, from 7 ha (17 acres) to 14 ha (35 acres). In order to ease the access to the zoo on an island, city will push the construction of the pedestrian bridge and revitalize the project of gondola lift from New Belgrade to Košutnjak, via Ada. Public and expert's backlash against
3483-575: The "source of fresh air", a term Josimović used for large forests. Neglected since then, Ada came to the spotlight in 1908 when the Society of the Belgrade's journalists organized the first journalists' ball on the lower tip of Ada. In 1911, the first Serbian feature-length motion picture , The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Vožd Karađorđe was filmed on the island. On 28 July 1914, when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia , thus triggering
3612-426: The 1980s, the Požeška street became one of the busiest streets in the city, gradually developing into one of the most prosperous trading and commercial parts of Belgrade. The uniqueness of Banovo Brdo lies in the fact that it functions as a city within a city, with its own walking zone, park and commercial area. Banovo Brdo Park covers 8.41 hectares (20.8 acres). Northern extension of the park, Park of 88 Trees, between
3741-530: The Ada as part of the international design competition concerning the arrangement and expansion of Belgrade. Competition was announced in 1921. One of the submitted works, titled Urbs Magna ("Great City"), proposed construction of the large, multi-functional stadium and transformation of the island into the sports park. First facilities of the swimming and rowing clubs on the island were built after that. The Belgrade's first general urban plan , completed in 1924, envisioned
3870-425: The Ada's central forested complex was declared a protected habitat "Fungi of Ada Ciganlija" by the city on 29 November 2013. Apart from the wood fauna characterized for the wet soils, it hosts 250 species of fungi, many of which are listed on Serbian and international lists of rare or endangered species. It is the only known habitat in Serbia of Myriostoma coliforme . Location starts 80 metres (260 ft) away from
3999-410: The Ada's defense, engaged the Austrians in an effort to force them to retreat across the river. Serbian reserve was sent to the battle and major Mojsilović, who was wounded, was replaced by major Svetomir Đukić . After several charges which resulted in hand-to-hand combat , Serbs cornered Austrians on the Ada's northern tip. During that time, behind Serbian back, Austria landed more troops from Međica so
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4128-661: The Arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry, a specific botanical garden which was protected by the state in July 2011 as the natural monument. It is used as an classroom in the open, for the practical studies of the students but also by the scientist for their work. The arboretum has its nursery garden and the greenhouse. On 6.7 hectares, the arboretum holds 2,000 individual specimen of 300 trees and shrubs. They include 218 deciduous and 24 conifer species, out of which 80 are ornamental, and 40 species of
4257-456: The Long Bridge". The Romani settlement which existed on Ada in the 17th century was displaced from the island to the Sava's right bank, at the mouth of the Topčiderka, before the Austrian occupation of Belgrade from 1717 to 1739. It is not known whether it happened some time before or during the fighting from 1716 to 1718. One map from the Austrian period shows a Romani settlement with 24 houses at
4386-463: The Sava further downstream due to the toxicity. The plan to build a treatment plant on the bank near the Belgrade Fair which would detoxicate the sludge and produce fertilizer from it was scrapped due to the high costs. At the time, the silt is being dredged and vegetation cut just enough to make it navigable for the small boats in the marina. The bay was partially dredged in 2016. The pollution of
4515-542: The Scarecrow and the Tin Man, etc. There is a small stream over which the bridge and the cross, both made from timber, have been constructed. Fish are especially prepared for the winter in the process of "winter carp bathing". In the second week of November each year, fish (up to 9 tonnes in total) are taken from the lake to the shore by the professional fishermen. The lake is then emptied and the largest fish specimens are "bathed" in
4644-409: The Serbian forces ended being encircled . They managed to break out but by that time they were attacked from the flank by the new Austrian forces. Serbs retreated to the easternmost section of the island and started to dig in . On 23 September Austrians conducted three charges on Serbian positions, coming close to only 30 steps from the trenches, but were backed off. As Austrian army had problems with
4773-650: The Serbs from the island. Serbian loses were heavy, turning effectively Ada into an open graveyard, earning a moniker "Island of death". During Interbellum , Ada wasn't the most popular recreational area as the major beach area was across its northern tip, in the Gospodarska Mehana section of the Senjak neighborhood. Still, even then, one of major Serbian writers Branislav Nušić , nicknamed it Vodeni cvet (watery flower) because of its beauty. In 1920 city decided to arrange
4902-748: The Topčiderka's watershed, founded the polluting factories and closed them, fixing this problem. Ada Ciganlija has a unique ecosystem , creating an oasis in the urban area. Most of the peninsula is forested. The original, thick deciduous forest mainly consists of oaks, elms, birches and willows. In the mid 20th century, further planned forestation of Ada Ciganlija included the planting of Northamerican poplars and green ash . In total, some 450 plant species inhabit Ada, including white poplar , black poplar , white willow , pedunculate oak , narrow-leaved ash , Canadian poplar , European white elm , box elder , American ash . In 2010, total forested area covered 1.79 km (0.69 sq mi), or two thirds of
5031-462: The already existing Serbian word for island, ostrvo . A river island can also be referred to as ostrvo (e.g. Veliko Ratno Ostrvo ) but never vice versa. The remains belonging to the Scordisci , a Celtic tribe which founded Singidunum and Taurunum , the predecessors of Belgrade and Zemun , respectively, were found. Area of Ostružnica, near the southern tip of Ada Ciganlija, was a location of
5160-725: The army and the police to suppress the strike. The intervention was brutal and violent, 4 workers were killed and many were wounded. In 1952 a bust of Tucović was placed in the factory yard. The bust has vanished since then while the damaged pedestal still stands. In 1982 the production was transferred to the new sugar factory in Padinska Skela , surrounded by 80,000 hectares (200,000 acres) under sugar beet. The factory in Čukarica fully stopped refining sugar in 1983. The new complex worked until 1998, processing 6,000 tons of sugar beets daily. It has its own power plant on gas and furnace oil , electrical substation , lime kiln , reservoirs for
5289-410: The bay continued, including two atmospheric precipitation collectors which overspill into the bay, to which the fecal sewage is illegally connected, and the bay was described as the ecological time bomb. In December 2019 the winning project was announced. It includes the transformation of the bay into the artificial whitewater and the proper marina . A project by Aleksandar Nedeljković, named "Flight of
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5418-405: The bay itself is 16 ha (40 acres), but the area which city administration included in the bay locality includes and additional 5.8 ha (14 acres) of aquatorium and 20.8 ha (51 acres) of the surrounding land. In March 2018 city announced an urban design competition for the adaptation of the total bay area (42.6 ha (105 acres)). The forested area on the mainland, at the entrance into
5547-458: The bay turned out to be polluted more than ever. By April 2021 the water was classified as the lowest, fifth category. The water was anoxic , full of ammonium-nitrogen and orthophosphates . The red wastewater from the sewage also influenced water's organoleptic qualities – changed color, murkiness, strong smell and visible residues of organic matter, but in May city administration announced it inspected
5676-399: The bay, administratively belongs to the municipality of Savski Venac and covers 3.61 ha (8.9 acres). Since the early 1980s there is a constant ecological problem due to the massive pollution of the bay as a result of the polluted waters of the Topčiderka river. The garbage and highly polluted silt fills the bay and creates shoals . During low-tide, the bay is unusable for the boats in
5805-428: The city to move out, but the zoo was not mentioned to them, which they took as a proof that the relocation of the zoo was an ad hoc idea. The residents were reluctant to move and refused compensations offered by the city. Close to the northern tip, as the northeastern extension of Partizan settlement, there is an Old Bath "Partizan" ( Staro Kupatilo ). Since 1983 it has been a location of an artistic colony, occupied by
5934-559: The city. Within the factory complex, on the area of 9.9 ha (24 acres), some of the objects will be adapted into the artistic colonies, research centers, bookstores, souvenir shops, etc., though all of them will have to preserve the authentic look of the objects. The monuments to Dimitrije Tucović and the strikers who were killed in World War II will be restored. A footbridge over the Radnička Street will be built, to directly connect
6063-413: The competition (conducting the Topčiderka directly into the main Sava riverbed by the pipes) does not tackle the problem of the already existing sludge deposits or the toxicity of the waste. Also, it was outright labeled as way too expensive, even by its authors (up to €70 million). An experiment was conducted when the water from the bay and river was pumped into the special pools in the nursery gardens of
6192-431: The cultural centers of Belgrade. The most frequent visitors were painters, including Stevan Todorović , who married Ban's daughter Poleksija. Poleksija Todorović became one of the first women painters in Serbia. Ban moved permanently to Belgrade in 1861, and even though he owned a mansion in downtown Belgrade (24 Gospodska Street; today Brankova ), he and his Greek-born wife Margarita spent the last years of their lives on
6321-419: The customs, or was simply smuggled. The importance of Ada Ciganlija can be traced back to 1821, when it was declared a protected public domain by then Prince of Serbia , Miloš Obrenović . The first official urban plan for Belgrade was drafted in 1867. It was a work of Emilijan Josimović , the first Serbian trained urbanist. He envisioned Ada as the main sports' center of Belgrade and was to be transformed in
6450-453: The dead soldiers to be buried on the hill above Banovo Brdo. Amazed by the bravery of the Serbian soldiers who defended the city, Mackensen ordered for Serbian dead soldiers to be buried in the center of the cemetery: bodies of 36 Serbian soldiers from the 7th Infantry Regiment, one British and one French soldier were surrounded by the bodies of 2,600 German soldiers. This act surprised even Mackensen's subordinated officers. Above each grave there
6579-459: The early 1990s began spending winters on the Malo Ratno Ostrvo , in the Danube . When their number exceeded 1,000, they resettled to three new locations: first at the willow grove on the Sava's bank ( Belgrade Fair ) and then to the area near the tip of Ada and the neighboring Mala Ciganlija . Their number rose every year to 6,750 in 2007/08, but since then is generally reducing and in 2015 it
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#17328734602156708-430: The estate. After his surname, he named his estate Banovac . Soon, other wealthy Belgraders began to settle around his estate, planting grapes and orchards and soon named the whole neighborhood that developed on the hill Banovo Brdo (Ban's Hill). Poet and diplomat Jovan Dučić built a house close to Banovac . Today, it is not known where the estate was exactly located as Austro-Hungarian army shelled it and burned it to
6837-467: The fact that "Belgrade Waterfront" purchased the lot for €27 million, while at the same time it owes €100 million to the city. On 24 May 2019, a five-storeys Ada Mol shopping mall was opened right across the complex. Unrelated to any of the previous plans, the mall's project envisioned a footbridge which would directly connect the mall with the pedestrian section of the Radnička Street in front of
6966-484: The factory became a part of PKB, Belgrade Agricultural Combinat . As a part of the wider industrial complex of Čukarica, the refinery became one of the centres of trade union activities. It was the focal point of the workers who were members and agitators of the Serbian Social Democratic Party , founded by Tucović. The factory was especially known for the 1907 strike. The State Council ordered for both
7095-483: The fence. In 1999, construction of the pedestrian bridge, which was to directly connect Julino Brdo to Banovo Brdo's major public transportation terminus, began. It spans the busy Maršala Tolbuhina Street, or the urban section of the Ibar Highway , and was built as part of the complex which was to include two buildings, and a plateau from which the bridge extends. The investor, "Stankom" company, went bankrupt and, though
7224-462: The ferry which transported pigs across the Sava into the Austria. This trošarina also functioned as a customs house. On 25 January 1859, when prince Miloš Obrenović and his son Mihailo Obrenović returned to Serbia, they disembarked here. In this period, Ada became a home to ferrymen and numerous smugglers, who operated both ways. The island was sort of a base where the goods was prepacked either for
7353-399: The footbridge remained closed, and the opening was moved to March 2022, but then prolonged to August 2022. The buildings are typical examples of the late 19th century industrial architecture in northern and central Europe. Concerning architectural merits, only the central building, the machine room, stands out. It was made of brick and has a characteristic Lombard band ( bogen-friz ) under
7482-570: The former "Jugopetrol" section, adjacent to the refinery complex, and part of the same project, through the exchange with the Naftna Industrija Srbije . The city announced selling of this land in November 2021, where the potential buyer and future investor has no obligation to follow the already accepted project. City also announced that construction of shopping molls, supermarkets, gas stations, wholesale markets, warehouses or commercial garages
7611-525: The former factory. When construction began in May 2020, it was announced that the project includes extended footbridge from factory directly to the Ada Ciganlija's main entrance. Original deadline was set for September 2020. Though the project was described as "not really complicated", the deadline was first moved to 1 December 2020, and then to 15 March 2021, before being moved to 30 Apr 2021. The construction works were effectively completed in May 2021, but
7740-658: The furnace oil and molasses , concrete pools, silos, warehouses, administrative building with a restaurant and has its own road and railway access. The premises are vacant since 1983, except for the fermentation section which became operational. It is split into the separate company, "Vrenje". "Vrenje" covers an area of 2.5 ha (6.2 acres), while "Dimitrije Tucović" occupies the remaining 7.4 ha (18 acres) with 19,000 m (200,000 sq ft) of business area. The machines were partially moved to Padinska Skela and partially sold. The bankruptcy proceedings for "Dimitrije Tucović" started in 2007. The state decided to sell
7869-430: The ground in 1914, during the bombing of Belgrade in World War I . Additionally, there are no photos or paintings of the complex but some descriptions in written works survived. In the 21st century, Čukarica municipal awards were named "Matija Ban", and a monument dedicated to Ban was unveiled on 12 May 2022. Work of Ranko Đanković, it was placed on the plateau in front of the municipal building. After World War II, before
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#17328734602157998-410: The gull" envisions the reconstruction and elevation of all embankments along the bay's banks, turning them into the vertical retaining walls . Pumps for the creation of the whitewater by day, would be used to purify the water by night and prevent the sludge from depositing on the bottom. Proposed name for the marina and sports center is "Whitewater Arena". However, this project, just like some others from
8127-399: The hole was formed as the sand was dug to construct the permanent embankment which connected Ada Ciganlija to the mainland, turning it into the peninsula by 1974. It was the last remaining marshy area during the transformation Ada Ciganlija, infested by undergrowth and reeds , until its conversion into a lake in 1994, 235 m (771 ft) long, with an area of 6 ha (15 acres). It
8256-426: The ice which would then elevate itself slab by slab until it reaches over the top of the piles and breaks into pieces. The stream would then take smaller pieces next to the docked ships. In the case of complete freezing of the river, the tugboats were deployed, with crew members being armed with axes, grappling hooks and dynamite. As the Society built and kept zimovnik on its own, without state help, they charged
8385-705: The imported, and highly invasive brown bullhead , Prussian carp and pumpkinseed . There are also crayfish and crabs , and since the 2010s, the red-eared slider inhabits the lake, too, probably being released in the lake by the owners who kept them as pets. The freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi was discovered in 2008, garnering much attention for the lake. These anthomedusae begin their life as polyps and develop into jellyfish only if conditions, such as purity and water temperature over 25 °C, are right. However, authorities claim that these harmless and almost invisible jellyfish (they are only 3 mm (0.12 in) to 5 mm (0.20 in) wide, bell
8514-406: The invasion of western Serbia and attack on Šabac , General Alfred Krauß [ de ] asked from the commander of the forces for the entire Balkans, Oskar Potiorek , to send him two regiments from Lütgendorf. Potiorek not only agreed but he ordered Lütgendorf to reroute all forces to Šabac. On 24 September the Austrians withdrew. Serbs followed them to make sure it is not another ploy, but
8643-490: The island as an excursion and leisure area. In 1936 city government adopted a new general urban plan which projected Ada as the "sports island". Sugar Refinery, %C4%8Cukarica Sugar Refinery in Čukarica or Old Sugar Factory ( Serbian : Фабрика шећера на Чукарици / Стара шећерана ) is a defunct industrial complex in Belgrade , the capital of Serbia . Built in 1901, it was the first sugar factory in Serbia. In 1984 it
8772-400: The island from the mainland was called Čukarica Arm ( Чукарички рукавац ). Serbian Shipping Society, which was founded in 1890, decided to use the arm as the zimovnik , or winter shelter for ships and boats. Upstream from Čukarica, at the time suburban village of Belgrade, the Society dammed the arm with slanted, shackled, thick triangular piles, called pilotne . Facing the stream, they stopped
8901-416: The island to Mladen Milovanović , the first city chief. After the collapse of the uprising, Milovanović fled to Hungary , but returned in 1813 and unsuccessfully tried to find the gold which he has dug and hidden somewhere on Ada. Starting in 1821, the state government decided to organize food trade and to check the quantity and quality of the goods imported to the city. The project included introduction of
9030-662: The island's biocoenosis has been overly affected, a new population of 60 hares and 100 pheasants was introduced into the ecosystem in 2006. Bird species include northern lapwings , mallards and pheasants. Common woodland and parkland birds during the nesting season include song thrush , great tit , blue tit , long-tailed tit , Eurasian nuthatch , European green woodpecker , great spotted woodpecker , golden oriole , nightingale , blackcap , common chaffinch , hooded crow , Eurasian magpie , common wood pigeon , feral pigeon , white wagtail and barn swallow . Unlike other rivers and wetlands in Belgrade, swans rarely visited
9159-491: The island. This characteristic of Ada gives its visitors an illusion of being in complete wilderness, aided by the fact that city ambient noise is completely muted by the thick forest. Most of the forest on the island is protected, including the entire central, northern and western sections. These parts of the peninsula are entirely wild with uncultivated vegetation and very little or no human presence, making it unique compared to other European city islands and peninsulas. Part of
9288-403: The lake is created. Because the water is also used for drinking, sanitation and environmental protection of the lake are imperative and the lake is under rigorous environmental protection. Weeds are groomed on the lake's bottom to purify the water by bonding phosphorus , nitrogen and dirt. Use of motorboats is strictly prohibited in the lake and dogs are not allowed on the beach. Wildlife in
9417-426: The lake mostly consists of the fish species which were introduced since the 1950s. The most common fish in the lake are the introduced silver carp and grass carp , but large autochthonous wels catfish , weighing over 100 kg (220 lb), can also be found, causing concern among the swimmers so the authorities issued a statement that they are harmless. In March 2019, a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long catfish
9546-480: The lake, including occasional black swans . Starting in September 2020, swans began to arrive at the lake, until several dozens flocked in total, and remained on Ada. The number of swans in Belgrade had been constantly growing since the 2010s, reaching some 600 birds by the winter of 2021. They are mostly mute swans and are quickly adapted: more and more of them becoming sedentary rather than migratory, accustoming to humans who regularly feed them, becoming popular among
9675-418: The lake. The fungi was discovered on the island in 1993, and in 2022 covered 21.25 hectares (52.5 acres). In terms of fauna, besides having numerous amphibians and 94 species of insects , Ada Ciganlija contains several mammal species, considered special due to the setting of the peninsula in an urban area. Foxes , hares and roe deer inhabit the peninsula. However, with environmentalists warning that
9804-429: The last nests of yellow-legged gull in Serbia were spotted on Ada. The nesting pairs were spotted again in 2021, in the Đerdap Gorge , some 250 kilometres (160 mi) to the east. In April 2022, plans were announced to declare Ada Ciganlija a protected area, as a landscape of outstanding features, by the end of 2022. It will cover 4.51 square kilometres (1.74 sq mi). The only settlement on Ada Ciganlija
9933-527: The main body of the lake is connected to the smaller body of water on the southwest, which is itself separated from the river by the third dam. This mini "buffer" lake called Taložnik ("depository") is used as a purifier for the waters of both Lake Sava and city waterworks, which also use this water. Filtered water is constantly being pumped into the lake while on the northeast, the water is pumped out by electrically powered pumps through another dam into Čukarica Bay. In this way, an artificial flow of water through
10062-601: The major traffic and commercial route in this part of the city, the Požeška Street. In the mid-2010s, members of the Urban Development Center, who explore and document the Belgrade's underground, discovered an ancient lagum , underground corridor in the Radnička street. It was dug under the foothills of Banovo Brdo, in the slope of the white stone. The lagum is large, with spacious, hand chiseled hallways. After it
10191-466: The majority of works were finished, they were never completed and everything was left to the elements. Without any maintenance, the bridge deteriorated in time, but the residents are still using it. In June 2019, city officially announced completion of the works, starting in August, but "Stankom's" creditors rejected the offered deal. By April 2022, the gapes opened on the bridge, and the entire derelict complex
10320-403: The marina, located in the middle of the bay or for the kayakers of Partizan and Crvena Zvezda who use the bay for practice. The silt is up to 5 m (16 ft) thick, smells bad and is poisonous so the swimming in the bay is forbidden. In 2011 the estimated amount of garbage sludge in the bay was 120,000 m (4,200,000 cu ft). The sludge cannot simply be dredged and thrown in
10449-519: The modern Kneza Višeslava Street. He built a summer house in the traditional Šumadija-style, with a large porch ( doksat ) and separate wooden pantry-house ( vajat ). The complex which Ban developed included a dairy , other auxiliary buildings, vineyard, orchard and a lush flower garden. It was sort of a botanical garden, as Ban planted plants he collected on his travels (Dubrovnik, Greek islands, Far East) while Belgrade florists were donating him plants they would acquire abroad. The estate became one of
10578-522: The mouth of Topčiderka. Maps also show that the settlement existed during the next Austrian occupation from 1788 to 1791. When the Austrian army attacked Belgrade in the 18th century, the Ottomans expelled Serbian population from the city, so they temporarily settled on Ada. When Belgrade was liberated by the Serbian rebels in the First Serbian Uprising , leader of the uprising, Karađorđe , granted
10707-466: The narrow streets, but that neither the privately owned parcels will be shortened nor that any of the objects will be demolished. The citizens, however, protested against the plan, accusing city government of working with the private investor who wants to build a large object of undetermined purpose. Ada Ciganlija Ada Ciganlija ( Serbian Cyrillic : Ада Циганлија , pronounced [ˈǎːda tsiˈɡǎnlija] ), colloquially shortened to Ada ,
10836-475: The neighborhood in 2011 was 35,373. Population of the local communities by censuses: A neighborhood developed by 1970 along the right side of the Požeška Street. The neighborhood had its own local community up to the 2002 census, when it was merged into the local community of Banovo Brdo. In September 2018 the plan for the reconstruction of the central area of the neighborhood was announced. The project covers
10965-450: The northwest it borders another industrial complex, the reservoirs of Jugopetrol . At the present location of the sugar factory, there was a kafana in the second half of the 19th century. It was very popular as it was located at the point where two roads, one from Obrenovac and other from Šumadija , meet at the entrance to Belgrade. It was owned by Stojko Čukar and after him the kafana was named “Čukareva kafana” which later gave name to
11094-515: The old factory is on a very attractive location, Padinska Skela section, distant from the city, is not appealing. As the factory is protected, during any reconstruction the authentic appearance has to be preserved and nothing can be done on the complex without the permits from the institutes for protection. Commercial and residential objects are not allowed by the city urban plan, so the possibilities for adaptation include cultural venues: museum, libraries, ateliers, theaters, etc. Also, they concluded that
11223-399: The original construction was finished from 1964 to 1966. As the nearby Ada Safari wasn't adapted yet and was a marshland, original settlers, who were from the upper classes, were leaving and instead the workers who migrated from the interior of Serbia settled in. During the various works on Ada Ciganlija, workers would use the houses as tool sheds. Additional boost was an influx of refugees from
11352-405: The painters and sculptors. In the 1980s the venue organized many artistic exhibitions. After the 2006 floods a project of reconstruction of the embankment to prevent the flooding was introduced. The embankment, which was to prevent 25 Renney water wells from being flooded, passes right through the bath building which was to be demolished so that this gap in the embankment can be filled. The gap, which
11481-588: The perennial plants. There are 77 domestic and 146 foreign species, including: narrow-leafed ash , Balkan maple , Balkan forsythia , laburnum , giant sequoia , cedar , cherry laurel (new variety developed in arboretum), Himalayan pine and the oldest metasequoia in Belgrade. One of the symbols of the neighborhood is the "Šumadija" cinema, part of the complex of Čukarica Cultural Centre in Turgenjevljeva Street. The construction began in 1950 and with constant changes and additions, continued to 1959 when
11610-402: The populace refused to relocate, claiming the city to just be using the situation to relocate them. As their families grew, inhabitants expanded the houses. As of 2016 Partizan had some 1,000 inhabitants in 260 houses covering an area of 14 ha (35 acres). By the latest urbanistic plans, the settlement is still to be evacuated as it is built without any permits and is located in the zone of
11739-512: The premises, but in the package with the factory in Padinska Skela (70 objects on 104 ha (260 acres)). From 2008 to 2011, five auctions were held and all failed cause there were no interested buyers. For the April 2011 auction, the value for both factories was estimated to 11.88 billion dinars or €118.8 million. Economists and estate agents gave several reasons for so many unsuccessful sales. While
11868-479: The price is highly overestimated and the state, and not the factory, is still officially owner of some of the land within the complex. Several leaseholders occupy some of the objects. Best known is the alternative theatre house "KPGT" which held the first show, as part of the BITEF festival in 1994 and in 1995 moved into one of the building. In 2017 city announced the bidding for an architectural competition concerning
11997-445: The project was massive, especially regarding hastiness, arbitration, irrelevance, legality and selected location. Public speculated that the residents of the newly built affluent K-Distrikt residential complex across the zoo are bothered by the smell, or that some more lucrative structures might be built instead of the zoo on such exceptional location. Additionally, this area of Ada is a floodplain with high level of underground waters, and
12126-422: The quality of the job was not satisfactory. Even the city government protested to the "Svitelski" company which conducted the reconstruction. New building of the Faculty of forestry was built in 1956, right above Careva Ćuprija , where the northwest section of the vast wood of Košutnjak begins at an altitude of 110-125 meters. Professors and students began developing a dendrology collection in 1957, which grew into
12255-486: The refinery complex to Ada Ciganlija. In October 2018 city officially announced its intention of purchasing the sugar refinery complex, thus becoming its legal proprietor. In February 2022 city declared the Old Refinery and surrounding 12 hectares (30 acres) a cultural center which can't be used for any other purposes. City and state plan to jointly buy out the complex from the bankruptcy estate. City managed to acquire
12384-491: The residents, and turning into the mascots of the neighborhoods they inhabit. Ada is also the wintering ground for some threatened migratory birds , most notably the pygmy cormorant which winters in Belgrade in large numbers. Pygmy cormorant inhabited the Pančevački Rit marshland, just north of Belgrade, in the early 20th century, but after that area was drained and urbanized, they disappeared. Several hundreds of birds in
12513-561: The roof. The reconstructions done during the Interbellum and after the World War II, apart from adding new machines also expanded some of the buildings. These extensions changed some of the original architectural features of the complex. In the 1980s it was included into the Topčider Spatial Cultural-Historical Unit of Exceptional Importance , as an important work of industrial architecture. The complex itself
12642-594: The sanitary protection. In the 2016 plan for the area, city envisioned thermal and outdoor pools, spa center, small hospitality and catering venues, children's playgrounds and outdoor exhibition area. Announcement of the relocation of the Belgrade Zoo to Ada in February 2023, also included statement of the relocation of the settlement. Despite claims from the city officials that the idea was not made hastily, residents confirmed that already in July 2022 they were approached by
12771-443: The sculptural composition at the Ada's entrance, called Stone City, or popularly nicknamed Adahenge. The author himself called the sculptural complex Gates of Belgrade ( Kapije Beograda ). The etymology of the name could be Celtic in origin, which probably is the most likely scenario. Some believe that it is derived by some form of the word for Romani ( cigani , "gypsies"), attested in 1717 as German : Zigeuner-Insel when it
12900-422: The skiing facilities were built on the mountains further from Belgrade, the slopes of Banovo Brdo (so as of Kalemegdan , Košutnjak and Avala ), were used by Belgraders for skiing. Banovo Brdo generally stretches along the Požeška street, the main street connecting the central parts of the Belgrade with the southwestern boroughs and suburbs (most notably, Žarkovo , Labudovo Brdo , Petlovo Brdo , etc.) and itself
13029-561: The small bathtubs with the water mixed with the medical, healing ingredients. In 2022, new city administration headed by mayor Aleksandar Šapić included relocation of the Belgrade Zoo from the Belgrade Fortress in the city's urban plan. In February 2023, Šapić announced relocation of the zoo to Ada Safari. This would also include relocation of the Partizan settlement. The relocation was planned to last several years. Šapić added that
13158-472: The sports center) will be shaped like the curved waves. From the complex, a new system of pathways will allow the entrance into the hippodrome from the side which is not accessible to the visitors today, while in front the buildings the square will be constructed. From the square, paths through the wooded area will connect it to the old factory. Industrial halls will be renovated. As for the protected objects, they will remain as they are, since they are not owned by
13287-486: The state company for the forest management "Srbijašume". The water was treated by various selected plants, in the process called phytoremediation , and the quality of the water improved from the fifth to the second category, but the technology wasn't pursued any further. Instead, in 2019 and 2020, it was applied at the Lake Trešnja , in the suburb of Ripanj , where it proved to be highly successful in reducing pollutants in
13416-401: The streets of Steve Todorović and Petra Martinovića streets, covers additional 0.67 hectares (1.7 acres). The thorough reconstruction of the central Požeška street started in the summer of 2009. Until it was finished in the beginning of 2010, the massive change in the traffic and the public transportation routes caused many problems for the citizens. After the works were done it was obvious that
13545-448: The two Adas and Lake Sava, and some of Makiš itself. Lake Sava, formerly a branch of the Sava, was turned into a lake with two dams, while the remaining section on the northeast was turned into Čukarica Bay. There is another small lake on Ada Ciganlija itself, known as Ada Safari. Thanks to the combination of factors, Ada Ciganlija is privileged with a microclimate . Situated between a river, an artificial flowing lake, various islands, and
13674-464: The urban neighborhood of Senjak on the west (across an inlet called Čukarica Bay), and the body of the peninsula borders the neighborhoods of Čukarica and Makiš (both across Lake Sava). Across the river, Ada Ciganlija borders Novi Beograd (specifically residential blocks and the urban neighborhoods of Savski Nasip ) and another artificial peninsula called Mala Ciganlija ("Little Ciganlija"). Between Ada Ciganlija and Novi Beograd lies Ada Međica ,
13803-443: The use of the object. In the arm's central section, on Čukarica bank, the first shipbuilding facility in Serbia was opened. Though the engines had to be acquired abroad, the shipyard was producing smaller and medium-sized steamboats . Known as the Čukarica Shipyard ( Čukarička brodarnica ), it also repaired all Serbian ships and continuously produced iron-made barges of all kinds and sizes for Serbian and Bulgarian markets. When Ada
13932-615: The village of Čukarica, which developed into the urban neighborhood and a municipality of Belgrade. King Alexander Obrenović instigated the Law on promotion of the domestic industry in 1898. Based on the law, the international tendering for the sugar factory was announced and companies from Belgium, United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, Germany and even Japan applied. The grant was given to the German consortium "Royal Serbian privileged sugar factory in Belgrade, Hacke, Goldschmidt and Weinschenk". The consortium
14061-523: The water. After several months of bad smell which spread from the bay, the dredging began in November 2020. Until February 2021, the 40,000 m (1,400,000 cu ft) was removed, thus creating a channel to allow the water to flow out of the bay into the river. The dredged sludge is spread along the central section of the Danube's flow, upstream from the Pančevo Bridge . Instead of revitalization,
14190-452: The weekend. Owing to this popularity, Ada Ciganlija has been commonly nicknamed "More Beograda" ('Belgrade's Sea'), which was officially accepted as an advertising slogan in 2008, stylised as More BeogrADA . Ada Ciganlija is located on the southern bank of the Sava River, 4 km from its mouth, and entirely belongs to Belgrade's municipality of Čukarica . Its eastern tip roughly borders
14319-541: The wider Careva Ćuprija area (hippodrome, Sugar Refinery and the "Jugopetrol" complex), 55 hectares (140 acres) in total. In September 2017 the winning project was announced, a work of Marija Krsmanović Stringeta, Anđelka Badnjar and Milena Kordić. The present "Jugopetrol" depots will be demolished and the hotel and the sports center will be built instead. The total area of the complex will be 64,000 m (690,000 sq ft) and it will not be higher than 18 m (59 ft), or 4 floors. Two separate buildings (hotel and
14448-404: The withdrawal was complete. Serbs lost 1 officer and 17 soldiers, while the Austrian fatalities included 4 officers and 310 soldiers. There was a year long shootout between the two armies, with long calm periods in between, before the German army interfered and began non-stop heavy artillery beating of the island in the late September 1915. Hand-to-hand battle ensued and the German fighters pushed
14577-537: The yard of the Saint Sava kindergarten at 28 Požeška Street, was declared a natural monument . Prior to the 2011 census of population, the neighborhood was divided in five local communities ( mesna zajednica ; sub-municipal administrative unit): Banovo Brdo, Proleter, Blagoje Parović, Milan Tomić Sare and Mihajlovac. After 2011, there are two: Branovo Brdo (with annexed Proleter) and Mihajlovac (including merger with Blagoje Parović and Milan Tomić Sare). Total population of
14706-455: Was 3,850 which is still 5,4% of the European and 2% of the world's pygmy cormorant population. There were concerns that the building of the new Ada Bridge in 2008–12 would disturb the habitat, but the birds endured it well. Their habitat was protected by law in 2008. Any destruction, clearing or pruning of the vegetation is forbidden, so as scaring, disturbing or killing of the birds. In c.1900,
14835-408: Was a cross with information about the deceased, from their military papers. He also erected three monuments. Two were for the German soldiers while the third one, shaped like a simple stone block, says in Serbian and German: "Here rest Serbian heroes, 1915". When German emperor Wilhelm II arrived in Belgrade in 1916, a large stone bench was built for him by the German soldiers. So as the monument, it
14964-429: Was abandoned at some point, the entrance was covered with rubble and later completely forgotten. As of 2017 it still hasn't been properly explored so it is unknown from which period it originates. There are also a derelict underground railway tunnel and a German bunker from the World War II. The tunnel passes right under the center of the neighborhood while the bunkers are located close to the Čukarički Stadium . The area
15093-428: Was caught in the lake. Catfish of this size is a rarity and, as required by the law, it was returned in to the lake. Other catfishes of this size were reported by the divers in previous years, but they lay lazily on the bottom of the lake, not swimming to the surface. There are 20 to 25 fish species in the lake, including the autochthonous carp , northern pike , zander , common bream , asp and European perch , and
15222-452: Was connected to the mainland via the embankments in 1967, northern section of the arm was transformed into the Čukarica Bay ( Чукарички залив ), though the previous name survived, too. The arm is elongated in the southwest–northeast direction, bounded by the northern tip of Ada Ciganlija, the embankment and the right bank of the Sava (neighborhoods of Careva Ćuprija and southern stretch of Bara Venecija , formerly known as Šest Topola ). This
15351-447: Was damaged again, during the German bombing of Belgrade in April 1941 , while German troops looted the remains during the 1944 retreat. After 1945, new Communist authorities nationalized the factory and renamed it the "First Serbian sugar factory Dimitrije Tucović 1898" in 1948, after the socialist Dimitrije Tucović . During its heyday, the factory employed 500 people in three shifts. In 1969,
15480-456: Was defended from the blockhouse " He-goat ", across the river in the Makiš forest. Under strong fire from the blockhouse, Austrians landed more to the north, in the area which Serbs didn't even defend because it was the plain marsh and it was thought that no one will land there. That way, Austrians successfully landed on the island without much resistance. Major Dobrivoje Mojsilović, acting commander of
15609-460: Was described as the set of a horror movie. As of 2018, there were two protected objects in central Banovo Brdo. The House at 1 Turgenjev Street , built in 1935, has been declared a cultural monument . Originally built as a family house of medical doctor Radomir Ćirković, since 1936 it became a gathering place for the members of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia . The tree of European yew in
15738-546: Was finished. It was officially declared a Čukarica Cultural House on 28 February 1960. It contained cinema, library, theatre scene, concert hall, etc. Television Belgrade 's first quiz show, hosted by Mića Orlović , was broadcast from here. The venue was considered to be one of the most modern in Yugoslavia at the time, patterned after the Soviet halls. It hosted shows, orchestral concerts, box matches, revues, musicals, etc. The cinema
15867-453: Was formed by Alfred Hacke, an engineer from Magdeburg , Julius Goldschmidt, a banker and a consul from Lugshaven and Max Weinschenk, industrialist and the main shareholder of the large sugar refinery in Regensburg . The complex was built from 1899 to 1901, as the first sugar refinery in Serbia. The refinery had a machine room, drying room, quarters for the employees, administrative building and
15996-502: Was fully renovated in 2001 and privatized, but the new owners closed it in 2003. The complex later returned to the municipal ownership and in 2017 the reconstruction began. By the December 2017 it should be reopened. After fierce fighting in the World War I , German occupation army conquered Belgrade in October 1915. German commander, Generalfeldmarschall August von Mackensen , ordered for
16125-453: Was made from the marble which Belgrade municipality purchased in 1911 and which was planned for the reconstruction of the central city square Terazije and the Terazije fountain . The bench was placed on the point on the hill from which the emperor could see the entire Belgrade below. By the 21st century, the cemetery deteriorated a lot. One monument to the German soldiers is in bad shape and it
16254-556: Was mentioned as a depopulated village after the Austrian takeover of Belgrade . An Italian work from 1788 mentions it as Isola degli Zingari . The original toponym might have been singalia , from Celtic Singi (cf. Singidunum ). During World War II it was renamed "Serbian Ada" ( Srpska ada ). The first part of Ada Ciganlija's name, ada , means "river island" in Serbian, a word of Turkish origin (meaning "island"), but in landlocked Serbia it specifically denotes river islands, beside
16383-474: Was officially opened in 1995. The water pumps are used to fill the lake, bringing water from the Sava Lake. Rare species of fish were introduced in order to create a fishing resort, which now consists of 300 numbered fishing seats around the lake with an obligatory special permit for fishing. Fish species include common carp , grass carp , crucian carp , wels catfish , Prussian carp , zander and tench , which
16512-633: Was placed under protection as a cultural monument . The factory complex is located at 3 and 3-a Radnička street, in the municipality of Čukarica . On the west, south and east it is encircled by the Paštrovićeva street, which on the east separates it from the Belgrade Hippodrome and the neighborhood of Careva Ćuprija . To the north, across the Radnička , is the Sava river's Bay of Čukarica and Belgrade's popular recreational zone, Ada Ciganlija . To
16641-402: Was previously called Golo brdo (“Naked hill”) or Ordija. Dubrovnik -born author and diplomat, Matija Ban (1818–1903), who often traversed the hill, asked from the Belgrade municipality to sell a patch of land to him. For the recognition of his work for the state, the municipality of Žarkovo, which at that time encompassed the area, granted him a lot in 1850, which was located somewhere on top of
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