Bangli Regency is the one and only landlocked regency ( kabupaten ) of Bali , Indonesia .
31-450: Up until 1907, Bangli was one of the nine kingdoms of Bali. The capital has a famous Hindu temple, the Pura Kehen , which dates from the 11th century. Bangli also has one village which surrounds a hill, Demulih. Pura Dalem Galiran is 1.4 km north-west of Bangli. Pura Dalem Penunggekan, 1.3 km south of the town center, shows on its outside walls sculpted reliefs of sinners in hell. Bangli is
62-418: A banyan tree of at least 400 years old. The enormous banyan tree features a monk's cell high up in the branches. The tree is considered sacred by the people of Bangli. It is believed that if a branch of the tree broke, a disaster ( grubug ) would follow, usually the death of a person. The location of the broken branch indicates the person that would die; if a branch is broke on the kaja-kangin (north-east) side,
93-413: A king will die; if it is broke on the kaja-kauh (north-west) side, a brahmin will die; the kelod-kangin and the kelod-kauh means that a common people will die. Several bale (Balinese pavilions) located in the outer sanctum are the bale gong ("gong pavilion") where the gamelans are stored. The middle sanctum ( jaba tengah ) is accessed via a candi bentar gateway. The middle sanctum acts as
124-443: A part of Klungkung . The Regency is divided into four districts ( kecamatan ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022. The most northern district - Kintamani, which is the primary highland region for the cultivation of arabica coffee - occupies over 70% of the regency's area and has 43.5% of its population. The table also includes
155-538: A population of 215,353 at the 2010 Census and 258,721 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 267,133 - comprising 134,500 males and 132,600 females. Its regency seat is the town of Bangli . In Manikliyu (west side of Bangli Regency), a burial site was excavated in 1997 and 1998 which revealed two large sarcophagi and a bronze kettle drum, representing a unique burial system thus far unknown in Indonesia. The largest sarcophagus (length 206 cm, width 70 cm)
186-515: A rice field with its lid lying nearly 1.5 m away and partly broken, and containing various bronze objects including a small shovel, a ring, arm and ankle-rings and a number of spirals different from any formely found in sarcophagi in Bali. The other sarcophagus signalled in 1973 was found by the villagers in Bunutin in 1971, buried nearly 1.5 m deep; its lid is absent and no associated artefacts were found. One of
217-498: A series of intricately decorated gates between their compounds. These walled compounds contain several shrines, meru (towers), and bale (pavilions). The design, plan, and layout of the pura follow the trimandala concept of Balinese space allocation. Three mandala zones are arranged according to a sacred hierarchy: However, the layout rules for arrangements of the facilities of the two outer zones, nista mandala and madya mandala, are somewhat flexible. Several structures, such as
248-472: A transitional area between the outer sanctum and the inner sanctum. Several shrines ( pelinggih ) are located in the middle sanctum. Other southwest side of the middle sanctum, the perantenan area, is used as a place to prepare ceremonial offerings. The uppermost inner sanctum ( jero ) is the most sacred courtyard of the Balinese temple. The courtyard features an 11-tiered meru tower , the most sacred shrine of
279-755: A watermill and a coach drawn by four horses. The major Balinese feast of Pagerwesi was held once every six months at the full moon of the Rabu Kliwon Wuku Sinta day to honor Hyang Widhi and His manifestations. Another major feast, the Ngusaba Dewa or Karya Agung Bhatara Turun Kabeh, is held on Purnama Kalima (early November) on the Saniscara Pon Wuku Sinta day. Other smaller feasts held at Pura Kehen are ceremonies to honor other gods e.g. Saraswati, Ulian Sugimanik, Purnama, Tilem, Kajeng Kliwon and Buda Kliwon. Balinese temple A Pura
310-530: Is a Balinese Hindu temple and the place of worship for adherents of Balinese Hinduism in Indonesia . Puras are built following rules, style, guidance, and rituals found in Balinese architecture . Most puras are found on the island of Bali , where Hinduism is the predominant religion; however many puras exist in other parts of Indonesia where significant numbers of Balinese people reside. Mother Temple of Besakih
341-570: Is the most important, largest, and holiest temple in Bali. Many Puras have been built in Bali, leading it to be titled "the Island of a Thousand Puras". The term pura originates from the Sanskrit word ( -pur , -puri, -pura, -puram, -pore ), meaning "city", "walled city", "towered city", or "palace", which was adopted with the Indianization of Southeast Asia and the spread of Hinduism , especially in
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#1732883372495372-403: Is well preserved; the other sarcophagus (length 172 cm, width 69 cm) is partly broken. The bronze kettle drum (height 120 cm, diameter of the tympanon 77 cm) is decorated with eight stars on the tympanon, and human masks on the body. It contained human bones in flexed position that belonged to a young man of Mongoloid type, between 20 and 35 years old; the broken part of his upper face shows that he
403-528: The Indosphere . During the development of the Balinese language , the term pura came to refer to a religious temple complex, while the term puri came to refer to a palace , the residence of kings and nobles, similar to Javanese kratons . Unlike the common towering indoor Hindu temples of the Indian Subcontinent , puras are designed as open-air places of worship within enclosed walls, connected with
434-509: The Majapahit dynasty . Pura Kehen was mentioned three times in three copper inscriptions dated from the late 9th century, the early 11th century, and the 13th century. The copper inscriptions mentioned the temple under different names. In the late 9th-century inscription, the temple was mentioned as Hyang Api ("god of fire) by the Brahmans who maintain the temple. In the second inscription dating to
465-447: The bale kulkul , could be built as outer corner tower; also, the perantenan (temple kitchen) could be located in the Nista mandala . There are two types of gates within Balinese architecture : the split gate, known as candi bentar , and the roofed tower gate known as paduraksa or kori agung . Both types of gates have specific roles in Balinese architectural design. Candi bentar is
496-480: The 16th century by a Majapahit sage from Java named Nirartha , to honour the gods of the sea. Each of the temples is traditionally said to be visible from the next, forming a 'chain' around the coast of Bali. Many of the most important sea temples are located along the south-west coast of the island. The temples' positions were meant to provide a chain of spiritual protection for the island. Listed counterclockwise from Nirartha's legendary point of arrival in Bali,
527-526: The Pura Kehen dedicated to the God that protects the temple. A padmasana lotus shrine is also located in this courtyard, dedicated to the highest Hindu Trimurti of Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu. Several other shrines surround the main meru tower, dedicated to the gods of the local geography e.g. the mountain gods. Porcelain plates decorate the wall below the inner sanctum. Some of these depict a scene of rural England, with
558-473: The association of Pura Kehen with the village of Bangli . Pura Kehen temple compound is built over a hilly outcrop. The temple is aligned north-south, with the north part being the highest part of the temple. It is divided into three areas: the outer sanctum of the temple ( jaba pisan or nistaning mandala ), the middle sanctum ( jaba tengah or madya mandala ), and the inner main sanctum ( jero or utamaning mandala ). Three sets of stairs lead visitors to
589-477: The early 11th-century, the temple was named Hyang Kehen; the word Kehen is derived from the Balinese word keren which means "flame". In this period, the Pura Hyang Kehen was the official temple where oath ceremonies took place for royal officials. In such ceremonies, those who are proven unfaithful will be subjected to the terrible sapata ("curse") to him, his families, and his descendants. The oath ceremony
620-420: The eight cardinal directions, to which is added the center point. They are the nine holiest places of worship on the island. Built at strategic locations, they are meant to protect the island and its people from evil spirits. These temples belong to every Balinese on the island (as opposite to the other temples, which are the property of the village or town in which they sit). They are: The "six sanctuaries of
651-572: The five sarcophagi known before 1973 is kept in Gedong Arca Museum in Bedulu ; as of 1974, the others were still in their place of discovery. Pura Kehen Pura Kehen is a Balinese Hindu temple located in Cempaga, Bangli Regency , Bali . The temple is set on the foot of a wooded hill, about 2 kilometres (1.2 miles) north of the town center. Established at least in the 13th-century, Pura Kehen
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#1732883372495682-423: The gate used in the nista mandala, while the kori agung is employed as the gate between the madya mandala and Utama mandala inner compounds. The rules for gate types are also valid for non-religious compounds such as puri, nobles' and kings' residences. There are several types of pura, each serving certain functions of Balinese rituals throughout the Balinese calendar . The Balinese temples are arranged according to
713-533: The latter originating in a pre-Hindu culture and later integrated into the Hindu-Balinese panel of gods. Ritual ceremonies honouring these deities are still held to this day at places where irrigation water first enters fields ( bedugul ) and at crater lakes, the highest sources. At Taman Bali and Bunutin, two villages close to each other about 5 km south of Bangli, five sarcophagi were known before 1973. Two more were signalled in 1973, one of which buried 3 m deep in
744-547: The locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 68 rural desa and 4 urban kelurahan - the latter all in Bangli District), and its postal codes. List of districts and villages in Bangli Regency as follows: Bangli has a tropical monsoon climate (Af) with moderate rainfall from April to October and heavy rainfall from November to March. It had
775-449: The only regency in Bali which is landlocked. Its northern part includes the crater in which Gunung Batur sits, and the main road from Ubud in the south to the north coast through Kintamani and around Gunung Batur's crater. It covers an area of 520.81 km. From the Demulih hill some 3 km west of Bangli, much of southern part of the island can be seen: Kuta , Nusa Dua , Gianyar and
806-488: The outer sanctum of the temple from the street. The landscape is terraced and is decorated with stone statues representing characters from the Indian epic Ramayana . Three gateways mark the entrance into the outer sanctum ( jaba pisan ). The central gateways or portal is in the form of paduraksa , which is unusual since paduraksa normally used to mark entrance into the inner main sanctum. The outer sanctum ( jaba pisan ) features
837-401: The physical and spiritual realm of Balinese people, which corresponds to kaja-kelod sacred axis, from mountain tops to the realms of gods, hyang spirits, the middle fertile plain the realm of humans, and other beings, all the way to the beach and ocean, and the many realms in Indonesia . The nine directional temples ( Pura Kahyangan Jagat or Pura Kahyangan Padma Bhuwana ) of Bali mark
868-570: The world" ( Sad Kahyangan Jagad , with Sad meaning "six" ) are the six holiest places of worship in Bali. According to Balinese beliefs, they are the pivotal points of the island and are meant to provide spiritual balance to Bali. The number of these most sacred sanctuaries always adds up to six, but depending on the region, the specific temples that are listed may vary. A list of the Sad Kahyangan may include: Bali has several important "sea temples" (Balinese: pura segara ), which were founded in
899-981: Was killed by the impact of a sharp tool. The burial site also contained carnelians , beads, bronze spirals and bronze finger protectors. Some remnants broken pottery and pottery shards were also found beside the burial site and near the containers. The drum is very similar to the Pejeng type, the latter referring to the Moon of Pejeng , largest single-cast bronze kettle drum known in the world, found in Pejeng (village east of Ubud, Gianyar Regency ). A. Calo suggests that such kettle drums were associated with early rice cults - and cultivation - in Bali: most of them are found near sources of irrigation water (lakes, springs or weirs in rivers); their shape and decoration are reminded in modern representations of female deities associated with rice and irrigation water,
930-413: Was performed in front of the figure of Hyang Api or Hyang Kehen, the god of fire Agni . A vessel known as bejana sarpantaka was used for such performance; this vessel, which is decorated with four serpents winding around the vessel, was kept in an enclosed pavilion to the east of the main shrine of Pura Kehen. The temple was named Pura Kehen in the 13th-century inscription. All inscriptions mentioned
961-626: Was the royal temple of the Bangli Kingdom, now the Regency of Bangli. Pura Kehen was the main temple of the Bangli Regency . Bangli Regency was formerly the center of a kingdom known under the same name. The Bangli Kingdom was one of the nine kingdoms of Bali. The name Bangli derives from bang giri , meaning "red forest" or "red mountain". The Regency of Bangli was founded by the Gelgel Kingdom of