72-543: Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre ( BPATC ) is a training institute for the public sector. It was founded in 1984, and is situated in Savar , Dhaka District . The premises has teaching facilities, quarters for the officers, a mosque, and a lake. Sayeed Mahbub Khan is the rector of the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre. Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre
144-577: A prasutishala (maternity house), vaidya (physician), an arogyashala (health house) and a viprasattra (kitchen) with the religious center where people from all social background could be fed and cared for. The historical role of mathas as knowledge and services repository is attested in early Sanskrit texts, as well as many historical inscriptions found along the ruins of Indian temples and monasteries. For example, several stone inscriptions in Sanskrit and Western Chalukya era Kannada have been found near
216-612: A 20 story building of Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre in Savar. The rector (normally the rank of a Senior Secretary) is the head of the training institution, assisted by the MDS (rank of Senior Joint Secretary/Additional Secretary). The rector also chairs the governing body of the BPATC School and College , a secondary school located within the precincts of BPATC. The board of governors of Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre
288-527: A Rector as its head who is a senior Secretary to the Government. The Centre has four division units based in Chittagong Division , Dhaka Division , Rajshahi Division , and Khulna Division . In February 2009, Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre organized a seminar on 'Improving public services through total quality management' with support from Japan International Cooperation Agency . At
360-638: A Shaiva matha , for example, dates to around 800 CE, which was attached to a temple. It hosted scholars and students for theosophical studies. Another inscription from about 1100 CE, states Hartmut Scharfe, attests that a matha was the center of medieval medical studies ( Charaka Samhita ) and of Vedic grammar in Tamil Nadu. Madhvacharya , the founder of Dvaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy, studied in an Advaita Vedanta monastery, but found Advaita unconvincing, and launched theistic Dvaita school of Vedanta interpretation, establishing Mathas (monasteries) by
432-431: A garment factory that exported clothing to US and European companies. Eighty percent of the workers were women aged 18–20, paid $ 0.12-$ 0.26 per hour. Savar is located at 23°51′30″N 90°16′00″E / 23.8583°N 90.2667°E / 23.8583; 90.2667. It has 66,956 units of household and a total area of 280.11 square kilometers (108.16 sq mi). It is bounded by Kaliakair and Gazipur Sadar upazilas on the north, Keraniganj Upazila on
504-447: A memorial monument in his honour. On 24 November 2012, a garment factory fire killed at least 112 people. The factory-made clothes for US and European companies were faulted for negligent safety standards. Walmart and Sears , two of the companies who contracted work from this factory, refused to compensate victims. On 24 April 2013, a building in Savar collapsed , killing 1,129 people and injuring around 2,500. The building housed
576-747: A militant group, trained in arms, rebelled against Islamic rule and at times cooperated with the British colonial officials as mercenaries. Known for his egalitarian views in a time of political uncertainty and Hindu-Islam conflicts, Ramananda and his matha accepted disciples without discriminating anyone by gender, class, caste or religion (he accepted Muslims). Traditional scholarship holds that his disciples included later Bhakti movement poet-sants such as Kabir , Ravidas , Bhagat Pipa and others, however some postmodern scholars have questioned some of this spiritual lineage while others have supported this lineage with historical evidence. His ideas also influenced
648-522: A music enthusiast. During Ravan's reign, the Koch invaded and sacked the capital established by Harishchandra. However, inscriptions on an undated burnt brick fragment indicate king Mahendra in 869 CE dedicated a matha to his father, saint king Harishchandra, son of king Ranadhirasena, son of king Dhimantasena, son of king Bhimasena. The same inscription also states the Buddhist king Dhimantasena invaded and captured
720-595: A place for teaching the six systems of philosophy—namely the Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Mīmāṃsā, Sāṃkhya, Buddhist, etc.; a place for teaching the treatises on Yoga— namely the Lākulasiddhānta, the work of Patañjali, and others; a place for various [branches of] learning (vividhavidyāsthāna), such as the 18 Purāṇas, the Dharmaśāstras, all Kāvya compositions, drama, dance, and so on; a place for the provision of food (annadā- nasthāna) to
792-661: A pontiff, who is considered to be an authority on Saiva Siddhanta. Aadheenams are from the Vellalar community who are devout followers of Shaiva Siddhanta . Vellalars are a traditionally farmers and landowning community found in Tamil Nadu with a strong tradition of education and scholarship. There is also a Hawaii Adheenam , established by Srilankan Tamil immigrants in Hawaii. Nagarathars are also followers of Saiva Siddhanta. The history of Aadheenams in South India can be traced back to
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#1732920042648864-576: A range of names such as Jogi (Yogis), Natha , Darshani , Kanphata of Gorakshanath sampradaya . Shaiva Siddhanta is a theistic school of Shaivism based on dualism (human soul and God are different), and it established matha at least from the middle of 1st millennium CE. Archeological evidence dated to 724 CE suggests the existence of an influential Saiva Siddhanta matha named after Mattamayura . Other historical evidence suggests that these Shaiva monks were active in Shaiva theosophical scholarship and
936-556: A scholar variously dated to be from 11th to 13th century, proposed a compromise that was inclusive of all Vedanta schools, stating that everyone is right, that truth is simultaneously Advaita, Vishishtadvaita and Dvaita at the same time, calling his philosophy as Dvaitadvaita or Bhedabheda system. He moved to Vrindavan-Mathura, and launched a matha centered around loving devotion to Radha-Krishna (Radheshyam) worship. This group emphasized togetherness of community, public singing and constant bhakti. The Mathas of this group are: Ramananda
1008-499: Is a Sanskrit word that means 'institute or college', and it also refers to a monastery in Hinduism . An alternative term for such a monastery is adheenam . The earliest epigraphical evidence for mathas related to Hindu-temples comes from the 7th to 10th century CE. The most famous Advaita Vedanta mathas or peethams , which came to be affiliated with the Advaita tradition in
1080-541: Is a monastery, often with numerous students, many teachers and an institutionalized structure to help sustain and maintain its daily operations. Their organization is more sophisticated than an Ashrama or Gurukul which is usually boutique and caters to a smaller group of students. A matha , like a college, designates teaching, administrative and community interaction functions, with prefix or suffix to names, with titles such as Guru , Acharya , Swami and others. In Lingayat Shaiva mathas for example, teachers are Gurus ,
1152-537: Is in Kanchi, from the 4th-century CE. The matha tradition of Hinduism attracted royal patronage, attracting endowments to support studies, and these endowments established, states Hartmut Scharfe, what may be "the earliest case on record of a university scholarship". Some of these medieval era mathas of Hinduism in Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka , Kerala and Tamil Nadu , were for Vedanta studies, but some mathas from
1224-459: Is located in this upazila. The Cottage industry includes 8 Weaving, 100 goldsmith, and 29 others workshops. The main exports are Jackfruit, papaya, flower, sapling, dairy products, meat, transformer, fabrics, dye, medicine, ready-made garments, electronics and electric goods, shoe, brick, sweetmeat, etc. There is 62 km of pucca (first-class), 56 km of semi pucca, 562 km of mud road, and 50 km of highway. Transports used here include
1296-735: Is one of the legendary monasteries in the Nath tradition which attracted converts from Buddhism and infusion of Buddhist ideas into Shaivism, and it continues to be a part of the Nath Shaiva tradition, particularly during the Kumbh Mela celebrations in modern times. The Nath Siddha tradition of Shaivism is credited with establishing numerous Shiva Hindu temples and monasteries, particularly in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, north Bihar, and Nepal. The Gorakhnath matha
1368-468: Is one's spiritual guide, who helps one to discover the same potentialities that the guru has already realized. The guru concept is traceable to ancient Vedic times, found in traditional schools as well as a matha . The oldest references to the concept of guru are found in the earliest Vedic texts of Hinduism . The guru , and gurukul – a school run by guru , were an established tradition in India by
1440-436: Is someone who is a " teacher , guide or master" of certain knowledge. He or she is someone more than a teacher, traditionally a reverential figure to the student, with the guru serving as a "counselor, who helps mold values, shares experiential knowledge as much as literal knowledge, an exemplar in life, an inspirational source and who helps in the spiritual evolution of a student." The term also refers to someone who primarily
1512-544: Is under the direction of a Cabinet Minister. Savar Upazila Savar ( Bengali : সাভার ) is an upazila of Dhaka District in the division of Dhaka , Bangladesh and is located at a distance of about 24 kilometers (15 mi) to the northwest of Dhaka city. Savar is mostly famous for the National Martyrs' Memorial , the national monument for the martyrs of the Liberation War of Bangladesh . The origin of
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#17329200426481584-636: The Vishishtadvaita philosophy include Parakala Matha at Mysore , Karnataka; Ahobila Matha at Ahobilam , Andhra Pradesh ; and Srimad Andavan Ashramam at Srirangam , Tamil Nadu. Other major and influential mathas belong to various schools of Hindu philosophy, such as those of Vaishnavism and Shaivism. The monastery host and feed students, sannyasis (monks, renouncers, ascetics), gurus and are led by acharyas . These monasteries are sometimes attached to Hindu temples and have their codes of conduct, initiation and election ceremonies. The mathas in
1656-829: The 2011 Census of Bangladesh , Savar Upazila had 359,084 households and a population of 1,385,910. 243,262 (17.55%) were under 10 years of age. Savar had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 68.0%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 876 females per 1000 males. 296,851 (21.42%) lived in urban areas. The religious breakdown was Muslim 93.86%, Hindu 5.35%, Christian 0.58%, Buddhist 0.20%, others 0.01%, and ethnic minority group nationals numbered 319 including Buno , Garo , Chakma (Sangma) , and Burman . The main occupations are Agriculture 24.34%, agricultural labourer 12.84%, wage labourer 4.44%, cattle breeding, forestry and fishing 1.90%, industry 1.37%, commerce 17.35%, service 20.68%, construction 1.66%, transport 3.96% and others 11.46%. Agriculture and manufacturing are
1728-566: The Pala dynasty , ruled over Shôrbeshshôr . There is an old shloka that goes বংশাবতী-পূর্বতীরে সর্বেশ্বর নগরী, বৈসে রাজা হরিশচন্দ্র জিনি সূরপুরী Bôngshaboti-purbotire shôrbeshshôr nôgori, boishe raja Horishchôndro jini shurpuri ("On the East banks of the Bangsabati is the city of Sharbeshvar, lives there King Harishchandra conquering Heaven"). There is some contention among historians about legends surrounding
1800-506: The 10th-century attached medical care along with their religious and educational roles. This is evidenced by various inscriptions found in Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and elsewhere. An inscription dated to about 930 CE states the provision of a physician to two matha to care for the sick and destitute. Similarly, a stone inscription in Andhra Pradesh dated to about 1262 CE mentions the provision of
1872-642: The 13th century, with its matha headquarters in Gorakhpur , Uttar Pradesh. Many of their mathas are found in the northern, central and western states of India particularly in the Himalayas, but archeological inscriptions suggest their mathas existed in south India as well. The early Nath monks received endowments in Karnataka, for example, between the 10th and 13th century, which later became a temple and Shaiva matha hub for them near Mangalore . The Kadri matha, for instance,
1944-566: The 14th century, are Govardhanmaṭha Pīṭhaṃ at Puri , Odisha ; Śārada Pīṭhaṃ at Sringeri , Karnataka ; Kalika Pīṭhaṃ at Dvāraka , Gujarat ; Jyotirmaṭha Pīṭhaṃ at Badari , Uttarakhand ; and Sri Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham at Kanchi , Tamil Nadu . The most famous and influential Dvaita Vedanta mathas or peethams are Ashta Mathas at Udupi , Karnataka; Uttaradi Matha at Bangalore , Karnataka; Vyasaraja Matha at Sosale , Karnataka; and Raghavendra Matha at Mantralayam , Andhra Pradesh. Famous mathas or peethams professing
2016-629: The 14th century, to propagate Shankara's view of Advaita. According to another tradition in Kerala, after Sankara's samadhi at Vadakkunnathan Temple, his disciples founded four mathas in Thrissur, namely Naduvil Madhom , Thekke Madhom, Idayil Madhom and Vadakke Madhom. Other Advaita Vedanta mathas following Smarta Tradition include: Shaiva mathas were established at least from the 1st millennium onwards, in Kashmir, Himalayan regions such as Nepal and throughout
2088-512: The 18th and 19th centuries. They were instrumental in the revival of Saiva Siddhanta philosophy during the 19th century, and they also played a major role in the Indian independence movement. Aadheenams continue to play an important role in South Indian society today. They are centers of learning and spirituality, and they provide social services to the community. Aadheenams are an important part of
2160-662: The 1st millennium BCE, and these helped compose and transmit the various Vedas , the Upanishads , texts of various schools of Hindu philosophy , and post-Vedic Shastras ranging from spiritual knowledge to various arts. The mathas hosted these teachers and their students as they pursued their studies. By about mid 1st millennium CE, archaeological and epigraphical evidence suggest numerous larger institutions of gurus existed in India, some near Hindu temples, where guru-shishya tradition helped preserve, create and transmit various fields of knowledge. The first epigraphical evidence of
2232-508: The 6th century CE. The first Aadheenam was founded by the Hindu saint Appar , who is considered to be one of the three Nayanars, or great saints, of Saiva Siddhanta. The other two Nayanars were Sundarar and Tirugnanasambandar . Aadheenams flourished during the 16th and 17th centuries, during which time they played a major role in the spread of Saiva Siddhanta philosophy. Aadheenams continued to play an important role in South Indian society during
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2304-654: The 700 to 1000 CE period predominantly focussed on Shaivism, Vaishnavism, military, martial arts, music, painting or other fields of knowledge including subjects related to Buddhism and Jainism. There is evidence, states Hartmut Scharfe, of mathas in eastern and northern India from 7th century CE onwards, such as those in Kashmir , Uttar Pradesh particularly in the Hindu holy city of Kashi , Madhya Pradesh , Bihar and Odisha , but these are not from ancient temple inscriptions, but implied from traveller records (Chinese) who visited these regions. Brahmins were likely involved in
2376-722: The Advaita leaning of the Sannyasa Upanishads , the major monastries of the early medieaval period belonged to the Advaita Vedanta tradition, preserving and possibly adapting the Sannyasa Upanishads with their Advaita leaning. Mathas , as simple huts for wandering ascetics, are mentioned in chapter 12.139 of the Mahabharata and section 3.1 of Baudhayana Dharmasutras . Matha-s were regionally known by other terms, such as Ghatika-s and Khandika-s . The oldest verifiable Ghatika for Vedic studies, from inscription evidence
2448-950: The Deccan region under Kakatiya dynasty sponsorship, many of which were destroyed in Hindu-Muslim wars that ended the Kakatiya rule. The origins of Golaki matha of central India has been traced to more ancient monasteries in Kashmir. In Karnataka, historical evidence suggests that Queen Alhanadevi established the Shaiva monastery called Kodiya matha which included a temple, monastic lodging and study hall, with scholarship on Vedas, Shastras and Puranas . The Chola dynasty sponsored many influential Shaiva mathas. While many Shaiva monasteries had attached temples, some did not and were entirely dedicated to education and scholarship. Adheenams are ancient Tamil Saiva Siddhantha monasteries and mutts in South India and Srilanka. Aadheenams are typically headed by
2520-573: The Hindu tradition have not been limited to religious studies, and historical evidence suggests that they were centers for diverse studies such as medieval medicine, grammar and music. The term matha is also used for 'monastery' in Jainism , and the earliest monasteries near Jain temples are dated to be from about the 5th-century CE. Matha (Sanskrit: मठ) refers to 'cloister, institute, or college', and in some contexts refers to 'hut of an ascetic, monk or renunciate' or 'temple for studies'. The root of
2592-600: The Shiva temple and monastery in a village near Dharwad district (northwest Karnataka–Maharashtra border). These slabs have been dated to between 1094 and 1215 CE. One of these includes the role of Kodiya–matha – also referred to as the Dakshina Kedarasvera matha . It states: There is the Kōḍiyamaṭha, the place of Dakṣiṇakēdāra (dakṣiṇakēdārasthāna), location of a beautiful field of crops [which are] like hairs bristling for
2664-474: The administrative functions the responsibilities of Acharyas, and the community relations of Swami . A similar organization is found in Vaishnava mathas . The word Acharya in Hindu monastic tradition refers to either a Guru of high rank, or more often to the leader of a monastery and sampradaya (teaching institution, denomination). This position typically involves a ceremonial initiation called diksha by
2736-406: The colonial era scholars trying to rediscover historic Indian literature. The four major Advaita mathas state in their founding documents that the respective responsibility of the mathas was to preserve one Veda each. Some Hindu monasteries offered hospice care for pilgrims and various forms of assistance to their local communities. Hindu mathas and temples – like Buddhist monasteries – had by
2808-770: The early 13th century. There are twenty four Madhva mathas set up all over India , including those in Udupi. The twelve Mathas that are descended through Madhvacharya's direct disciples, Adhokshaja Teertha, Hrishikesha Teertha, Narasimha Teertha, Upendra Teertha, Rama Teertha, Vamana Teertha, Janardhana Teertha and Madhva's brother Vishnu Tirtha in Tulu region are the Pejawara Matha , Palimaru Matha, Adamaru Matha, Puttige Matha, Sodhe Matha, Kaniyooru Matha, Shiroor Matha, Krishnapura Matha , Bhandarakeri Matha, Subramanya Matha, Chitrapura Matha, Bhimanakatte Matha. Out of these twelve Madhva Mathas,
2880-425: The education and oral culture of textual transmission in ancient India through the gurukul tradition, but inscription evidence collected by E. Hultzsch suggests that at least some matha attached to temples were dominated by non-Brahmins by the early 2nd millennium CE. The mathas and attached temples routinely hosted debating, Vedic recital and student competitions, and these were part of community festivals in
2952-545: The fabric of South Indian society, and they continue to play a vital role in the Hindu faith. Some of the most famous Aadheenams includes The Nath tradition is a syncretic Yoga and Vedanta schools of Hindu philosophy based Shaiva tradition, that reveres Shiva and Dattatreya . Its founding is attributed to the ideas of Matsyendranath and Gorakshanath , developed further with an additional seven other Siddha Yoga Gurus called "Naths" (literally, lords). The Nath Yogi sampradaya and monastic organizations grew starting with
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3024-877: The first eight are referred to as Ashta Mathas of Udupi . These eight surround the Anantheswara Krishna Hindu temple . These mathas are laid out in a rectangle, the temples on a square grid pattern. The monks in the matha are sannyasis , and the tradition of their studies and succession ( Paryaya system) were established by Madhvacharya. Along with twelve mathas, there are ten mathas that are descended through Madhvacharya 's direct disciples, Padmanabha Tirtha , Narahari Tirtha , Madhava Tirtha , Akshobya Tirtha and Akshobya Tirtha's disciple Jayatirtha . They are Uttaradi Matha , Vyasaraja Matha , Raghavendra Matha , Sripadaraja Matha, Kanva Matha, Baligaru Matha, Kudli Matha, Tambehalli Matha (also known as Majjigehalli Maṭha), Kundapur Matha, Sagarakatte Matha. Out of
3096-603: The founding of Sikhism in 15th century, and his teachings are included in the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib . Shri Ramcharitmanas is a key text of this matha . While Shankara is traditionally regarded as the founder of the most famous monasteries in Hinduism, there are no records of those mathas before the 14th century. In the 14th century, the founders of the Vijayanagara Empire started to patronize Sringeri matha . In
3168-499: The function of mathas to include feeding the poor and devotees who visit, hosting marriages and community festivals, farming temple lands and flower gardens as a source for food and worship ingredients, being open to pilgrims as rest houses, and this philanthropic role of these Hindu monasteries continues. In the 15th-century, these monasteries expanded by establishing Ramanuja-kuta in major South Indian Sri Vaishnavism locations. Some Srivaishnavism monasteries include: Nimbarka ,
3240-744: The headquarters at Kanchi matha . Dwarka in the West, Jagannatha Puri in the East, Sringeri in the South and Badrinath in the North. Each math was headed by one of his disciples, called Shankaracharya, who each independently continued the Advaita Vedanta Sampradaya. The ten Shankara-linked Advaita monastic orders are distributed as follows: Bharati, Puri and Saraswati at Sringeri, Aranya and Vana at Puri, Tirtha and Ashrama at Dwarka, and Giri, Parvata and Sagara at Badrinath. According to tradition, each math
3312-463: The history of South Asia. These mathas were also the centers where many new texts were composed, as well as the libraries and repository of ancient and medieval manuscripts, where the old texts were preserved and decaying copies replaced over the centuries. The Thiruvavaduthurai Adhinam – a Shaiva matha about twenty kilometers northeast of Kumbhakonam , for example, was a major source of preserved palm-leaf manuscripts of ancient Tamil literature for
3384-529: The land between the Bangshi and the Brahmaputra and king Ranadhirasena extended the kingdom to the Himalayas and fixed his residence in the city of Shômbhar. During the 1971 war , Savar Cantonment (then Ansar Camp) and the then-newly founded Jahangirnagar University were some of the first targets of military swoop outside the capital following Operation Searchlight of 25 March. In December of that year, Savar
3456-724: The largest monastic Hindu renunciant community in modern times. The monasteries of these ascetics are found particularly in the northern and western states of India, in Nepal, but they are also found as wandering monks. The largest mathas of the Ramanandi tradition are in Ayodhya and Varanasi , and Ramanandi monks are also known as Bairagis or Vairagis (literally, detached ones), their groups called Akharas . The Ramanandi mathas are historically notable for being part of warrior ascetics movement in medieval India, where monks metamorphosed into
3528-554: The late 15th century, the patronage of the Vijayanagara kings shifted to Vaisnavism. Following this loss of patronage, Sringeri matha had to find others means to propagate its former status, and the story of Shankara establishing the four cardinal mathas , as cast in the wholly legendary digvijaya genre, may have originated in the 16th century. These Advaita mathas have hosted the Daśanāmi Sampradāya under five Maṭhas, with
3600-680: The lion's share in the task of developing and propagating the philosophy of Madhva . For this reason they can unhesitatingly be regarded as the intellectual heirs to the legacy of Madhva , Jayatirtha and Vyasatirtha . The main center of Madhva's tradition is in Karnataka . The monastery has a pontiff system, that rotates after a fixed period of time. The pontiff is called Swamiji , and he leads daily Krishna prayers according to Madhva tradition, as well as annual festivals. The process and Vedic mantra rituals for Krishna worship in Dvaita monasteries follow
3672-648: The monastery he founded. The monastery include kitchens, bhojan-shala , run by monks and volunteers. These serve food daily to nearly 3,000 to 4,000 monks, students and visiting pilgrims without social discrimination. During succession ceremonies, over 10,000 people are served a vegetarian meal by Udupi bhojan-shalas . Other Dvaita Mathas include: Ramanuja , the Sri Vaishnavism philosopher, studied at an Advaita Vedanta monastery with Yadava Prakasha before disagreeing with Advaita idealism, and launching his Vishishtadvaita (qualified Advaita) philosophy. Ramanuja
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#17329200426483744-539: The monastery, where the earlier leader anoints the successor as Acharya . In large denominations that ran a collection of historical monasteries, an Acharya may refer to the leader of a regional monastery school operated in that denomination. Alternate titles of the heads of Hindu monasteries are Jeer , Jiyar or Ciyar . The chief of a collection of large Hindu monasteries in a sampradaya has been sometimes referred to as Jagad guru . The matha host not only students but many Guru . A Guru , in Hindu tradition,
3816-433: The name Savar is thought to be an evolved version of the ancient 7th–8th-century township of সর্বেশ্বর Shôrbeshshôr ("Lord of everything") or সম্ভার Shômbhar situated on the banks of the river known today as the Bangshi . Shôrbeshshôr, in turn, is said to have been established on the site of the ancient Sambagh Kingdom. Local legends as well as archaeological finds indicate a king by the name of Harishchandra, said to be of
3888-594: The poor, the helpless, the crippled, the blind, the deaf, story-tellers, singers, musicians, flute-players, dancers, Vaitāḻikas, the naked, the injured, the mendicants coming from various regions, like Jain mendicants, those bearing a single or triple staff, the haṃsa and paramahaṃsa mendicants; a place for the medical treatment (bhaiṣajyasthāna) of the diseases of the many helpless and sick; a place for offering protection (abhāyapra- dānasthāna) to all living beings.– Stone inscription (1162 CE), Shiva temple and monastery, Sanskrit-Kannada hybrid (Tr: Florinda De Simini) The matha
3960-452: The procedure written by Madhvacharya in Tantrasara . The succession ceremony in Dvaita school involves the outgoing Swamiji welcoming the incoming one, then walking together to the icon of Madhvacharya at the entrance of Krishna temple in Udupi, offering water to him, expressing reverence then handing over the same vessel with water that Madhvacharya used when he handed over the leadership of
4032-442: The reign of Harishchandra, as they may relate to other monarchs bearing the same or similar name (e.g. Harishchandra of the mythic Suryavansha , king Harishchandra of Bikrampur, among others). In any case, local legend holds that the childless Harishchandra was succeeded to the throne by his sister Rajeswari's son, Damodar. Damodar's reign started a decline for the kingdom, culminating in the reign of one of his descendants, king Ravan,
4104-509: The silver jubilee celebration of the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina reminded the bureaucrats that they were servants of the public and not masters. In 2010, Bangladesh Supreme Court announced plans to train judges of lower courts in the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre and the Bangladesh Military Academy . In September 2020, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina inaugurated
4176-774: The south, Mirpur, Mohammadpur, Pallabi, and Uttara thanas of Dhaka City on the east, and Dhamrai and Singair upazilas on the west. The land of the upazila is composed of alluvium soil of the Pleistocene period. The height of the land gradually increases from the east to the west. The southern part of the upazila is composed of the alluvium soil of the Bangshi and Dhalashwari rivers. The main rivers are Bangshi, Turag, Buriganga, and Karnatali. The Bangshi River has become polluted due to industrialization. The total cultivable land measures 16,745.71 hectares (41,379.6 acres), in addition to fallow land of 10,551.18 hectares (26,072.5 acres). According to
4248-621: The spread of Shaiva ideas in north and west India till about the 12th century. Other major monasteries include the Golaki matha that existed by the 10th century, famed for its round temple shape, probably near modern Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh. This monastery featured a cluster of Shiva temples, a hospital, college and lodging for students. The Golaki matha was a center for Vedic studies with parallel studies of Buddhist literature. Inscription evidence suggests set up numerous Shaiva monasteries in
4320-605: The subcontinent such as in Tamil Nadu . Many of the monasteries and attached temples, particularly in the northwest Indian subcontinent, were destroyed by Islamic armies after the 12th-century, and Shaiva monastic network severely disrupted from the consequent violence. In some cases, the Hindu monasteries were converted into Islamic ribats or madrasa (soldier barracks , schools) during the medieval period. The Shaiva monasteries have been from diverse schools of Shaivism, ranging from nondualist to theistic schools, and regionally went by
4392-509: The ten, the first three, the Uttaradi Matha , Vyasaraja Matha and Raghavendra Matha , are considered to be the three premier apostolic institutions of Dvaita Vedanta and are jointly referred as Mathatraya . It is the pontiffs and pandits of the Mathatraya that have been the principle architects of post-Madhva Dvaita Vedanta through the centuries. As a matter of fact, these have taken
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#17329200426484464-435: The town is 24.1 km2. It had a population of 124,885; male 53.03%, female 46.97%; population density per km2 of 5182. Presently, Savar Upazila is divided into two thanas, one is Savar Main, and the other is Ashulia . The following are some of the notable institutions of Savar Matha Traditional A matha ( /mʌt/ ; Sanskrit : मठ , maṭha ), also written as math , muth , mutth , mutt , or mut ,
4536-414: The traditional (and extinct or nearly extinct) Palanquin, bullock cart, horse carriage, and modern-day vehicles. The minimum wage is approximately $ 9.50 per week or $ 38 per month. There are so many important installations in Savar, some of them are following - Some other important establishments of Savar are Satellite Ground Receiving Station (Talibabad), Savar Youth Training Centre, etc. Savar Thana
4608-883: The two major economic sectors in Savar. The main crops grown here are Paddy, Jute, peanut, onion, garlic, chili, and other vegetables. The extinct or nearly extinct crops in the region are Aus paddy, Asha Kumari paddy, sesame, linseed, kali mator, randhuni saj, mitha saj, kaun, and mas kalai. The main fruits cultivated here are Jackfruit, mango, olive, papaya, guava, kamranga, berry, and banana. There are 181 combined fisheries, dairies, poultries, five hatcheries, 209 poultries, and 1319 fisheries. Manufacturing facilities include Ceramic industry, beverage industry, press and publication, garments industry, foot ware, jute mills, textile mills, printing and dyeing factory, transformer industry, automobile industry, biscuit and bread factory, pharmaceutical industry, soap factory, brickfield, cold storage, welding, plant nursery, etc. Bangladesh Export Processing Zone
4680-484: The word is math , which means 'inhabit' or 'to grind'. The oldest meaning of matha is "hut" or "hovel," "the hut of a nomadic arya." In time, it came to mean "the residence of various ascetics or religious scholars, sometimes attached to a grand temple." Patrick Olivelle mentions the absence of organized ascetic or monastic institutions within Brahmanism until the early medieval period. According to Olivelle, noticing
4752-409: The worship of the Śivaliṅga; the established place (niṣṭhitasthāna) for the ritual practice of the Śaiva ascetics who are perpetual chaste students; a place for the self-recitation (svādhyāyasthāna) of the four Vedas —the Ṛg, Yajus, Sāma, and Ātharva— along with their ancillary treatises; a place for teaching (byākhyānasthāna) grammar, like the systems of Kumāra, Pāṇini, Śākaṭāyana, and the Śabdānuśasana;
4824-561: Was a 14th-century Vaishnava devotional poet sant of Bhakti movement , in the Ganges river region of Northern India . He studied in an Advaita Vedanta monastery, joined the Ramanuja's Sri Vaishnavism tradition, then proceeded to start god Rama -based Vaishnavism movement from Hindu holy city of Varanasi. The Hindu tradition recognizes him as the founder of the Ramanandi Sampradaya ,
4896-418: Was established in 1912 and was turned into an upazila in 1983. Savar Upazila is divided into Savar Municipality and 13 union parishads : Aminbazar, Ashulia, Banogram, Bhakurta, Birulia , Dhamsona, Kaundia, Pathalia, Savar, Shimulia, Tetuljhora, and Yearpur. The union parishads are subdivided into 220 mauzas and 380 villages. Savar Municipality is subdivided into nine wards and 57 mahallas . The area of
4968-602: Was established in 1984. The Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre was established by merging the Bangladesh Administrative Staff College, National Institute of Public Administration, Civil Officers' Training Academy, and the Staff Training Institute. The foundation stone of the centre was laid in December 1981 and the centre became operational on 28 April 1984, as an autonomous body with
5040-434: Was first headed by one of his four main disciples, and the tradition continues since then. Yet, according to Paul Hacker, no mention of the mathas can be found before the 14th century CE. Until the 15th century, the timespan of the directors of Sringeri Math are unrealistically long, spanning 60+ and even 105 years. After 1386, the timespans become much shorter. According to Hacker, these mathas may have originated as late as
5112-915: Was nominated as the leader of the Srirangam matha, after the death of Yamunacharya, though they never met. Along with his philosophy, Ramanuja is famous for his organizational skills and the lasting institutional reforms he introduced at Srirangam paralleling those at Advaita monasteries of his time. He also travelled and founded many Sri Vaishnavism mathas across India. The Sri Vaishnavism tradition believes that Ramanuja started 700 mathas, but historical evidence suggests several of these were started later. The Sri Vaishnavism mathas over time, subdivided into two, those with Tenkalai (southern) tradition and Vadakalai (northern) tradition of Sri Vaishnavism. The Tenkalai-associated mathas are headquartered at Srirangam, while Vadakalai mathas are associated with Kanchipuram. Both these traditions have from 10th-century onwards considered
5184-602: Was the last obstacle before the freedom fighters (led by Kader Siddiqui and others) entered the capital, and the Pakistan army conceded defeat. Days before the end of the war, teenager Golam Dastagir Titu was killed in a direct encounter between the Pakistani Army and the freedom fighters. The compatriots buried him near the main gate of the Central Cattle Breeding & Dairy Farm, Savar. The Bangladeshi Army constructed
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