Misplaced Pages

#333666

74-624: The Bank of the City of Buenos Aires ( Banco Ciudad de Buenos Aires ), doing business as Banco Ciudad , is a publicly owned, municipal commercial bank in Buenos Aires, Argentina . It was founded on May 23, 1878, under the name Monte de Piedad (Piety Mount), with the purpose of fighting usury in the city (mostly targeting the growing wave of immigration in Argentina) by giving loans at a below-market interest, in order to reduce social inequalities. The bank

148-420: A flexible exchange rate intervened in exchange markets so pervasively that in practice very little difference existed (in terms of observable performance) with countries that have explicit fixed exchange rate regimes. Conversely, periodic devaluations of pegs in inflation-prone countries were the result of the implementations of monetary policies that were inconsistent with fixed exchange rates and that made

222-535: A monetary system more suitable for the country, develop the financial system and improve the means of payment technology . Once the exchange restrictions inherited from the previous administration have been eliminated, he established a inflation targeting regime with a floating exchange rate that generates a pronounced drop in inflation . Core inflation, in particular, by December 2017 had stabilized at an annualized value of 18%, with downward expectations. This disinflation process, in turn, occurred in

296-491: A "A la Ciudad de México" store, on the corner of Florida and Sarmiento St., the structure was kept by the interior was totally remodeled, and display cases and marquees were open on the facade to showcase the items going up for auction and the bank activity to the walking public. Between 1977 and 1981, an extension to the headquarters of the Bank of the City of Buenos Aires was built, with access through 630 Sarmiento St., today known as

370-766: A Congressman, Federico Sturzenegger presented 11 bills and had numerous participations in the Chamber of Deputies. In the year 2014 he was 13º in a ranking of participation in sessions. In a session in which a bill proposed by the then Minister of Transportation Florencio Randazzo , that allowed "open access" to the railroad tracks for freight transport, the Congressman managed to include the transport for passengers in this project. The law in question makes available rail infrastructure, to be used by any company created to operate rail freight as well as by individual companies. The National government put this law in practice in 2018. One of

444-420: A DBA must be registered with a local or state government, or both, depending on the jurisdiction. For example, California, Texas and Virginia require a DBA to be registered with each county (or independent city in the case of Virginia) where the owner does business. Maryland and Colorado have DBAs registered with a state agency. Virginia also requires corporations and LLCs to file a copy of their registration with

518-467: A DBA statement, though names including the first and last name of the owner may be accepted. This also reduces the possibility of two local businesses operating under the same name, although some jurisdictions do not provide exclusivity for a name, or may allow more than one party to register the same name. Note, though, that this is not a substitute for filing a trademark application. A DBA filing carries no legal weight in establishing trademark rights. In

592-516: A businessperson writes a trade name on a contract, invoice, or cheque, they must also add the legal name of the business. Numbered companies will very often operate as something other than their legal name, which is unrecognizable to the public. In Chile , a trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Ireland , businesses are legally required to register business names where these differ from

666-547: A certain scoring are selected and notified through email, and given appointment to present their documentation in the Institute of Housing. Those people who do not make the cut are also informed of their situation via email, and are reminded they can register again the following month. It has to be a single dwelling, for familiar use and permanent occupation. The property must be worth up to $ 1.100.000 for applicants without children, and $ 1.300.000 with children. The house cannot be

740-533: A context of strong economic growth (the economy grew by in 2017). Even with these results in December 2017, the government decided to dismantle the system , which subsequently implied a process of increasing inflation , which motivated its departure shortly after. To develop the financial system , he introduced the Purchasing Value Units (UVAS), deposits and credits that adjust for the price level, for

814-407: A free savings account for all its clients, the only bank that had opened branches in shanty towns, and the only bank to offer loans (including mortgage loans) to people who earned the minimum wage. The bank also became known for pushing new alternatives for transportation, such as those that allowed the client to buy bicycles or for a taxi driver to buy his or her own cab. Sturzenegger's management

SECTION 10

#1732901930334

888-505: A higher level of service and better rates for the judicial deposits. In December 2014 Sturzenegger presented a bill that consisted of implementing a loan scheme with the possibility of granting mortgage loans where the capital of the loan would move in line with the general level of inflation. The proposal was based on the Chilean model of indexed currency, using the Unidad de Fomento . According to

962-487: A large amount of (foreign) assets are being left out of the calculations. The suggested source of this "missing wealth " is dark matter, resulting from the unaccounted export of ideas and other services (such as insurance or liquidity) from the U.S. to other economies. The two authors claim that the U.S. has significant exports, mainly of business know-how bundled with its Foreign direct investment , that do not show up in official trade statistics . These exports increase

1036-482: A lower proportion of them was in the need to receive state social assistance plans. As the former president of the Banco Ciudad he had a pending issue. After the so-called Conti Law, that took the judicial deposits from Banco Ciudad and transferred them to Banco Nación, he presented a project with the idea of allowing free competition between financial entities in order to attract these deposits, which would result in

1110-513: A luxury residence, meaning the value cannot exceed the $ 27.000 per square meter. The appraisal will be performed by the Bank of the City of Buenos Aires. Applicants can buy their property in the City of Buenos Aires as well as in the Great Buenos Aires, considered to be less than 100 km from the city limits. The bank's headquarters were moved to its current location, a refurbished Sarmiento and Florida Street building, on May 23, 1968, on

1184-473: A number of countries, the phrase " trading as " (abbreviated to t/a ) is used to designate a trade name. In the United States , the phrase " doing business as " (abbreviated to DBA , dba , d.b.a. , or d/b/a ) is used, among others, such as assumed business name or fictitious business name . In Canada , " operating as " (abbreviated to o/a ) and " trading as " are used, although " doing business as "

1258-533: A policy centerpiece, and in 1944, the bank was again re-chartered as the Municipal Bank of Buenos Aires, to give depositors more commercial banking options in Argentina's growing public sector. The mass movements that appeared in Argentina since the forties integrated socially and politically urban classes derived from European immigration and rural inland workers, both of which became industrialized. This impacted on

1332-408: A policy centerpiece, and in 1944, the savings & loan was again re-chartered as the Municipal Bank of Buenos Aires to give depositors more commercial banking options in Argentina's growing public sector . The bank became a leader in small business lending, and financed public housing projects in underprivileged areas. The city purchased a downtown lot on the massive Nueve de Julio Avenue (where

1406-494: A popular classification of exchange rate regimes de facto in the paper "Classyfing Exchange Rate Regimes: Deeds vs. Words". Stuzenegger and Levy Yeyati argued that most of the empirical literature on exchange rate regimes were using the IMF de jure classification based on regime announced by the governments, despite the recognized inconsistencies between reported and actual policies in many cases. Many countries that in theory had

1480-458: A registered legal name and a fictitious business name, or trade name, is important because fictitious business names do not always identify the entity that is legally responsible . Legal agreements (such as contracts ) are normally made using the registered legal name of the business. If a corporation fails to consistently adhere to such important legal formalities like using its registered legal name in contracts, it may be subject to piercing of

1554-494: A similar scheme known as Plan Empalme in 2017). At the end of 2023, Federico Sturzenegger became a major advisor to newly-elected president Javier Milei to deregulate Argentina's economy. On July 5, 2024, Milei created a ministry focused on implementing the reforms designed by Sturzenegger and appointed him as minister of this new organization. The name of the new entity was the Ministry of Deregulation and State Transformation. On

SECTION 20

#1732901930334

1628-409: A textbook definition of exchange rate regimes, where fixed exchange rate regimes were associated with changes in international reserves aimed at reducing the volatility in the nominal exchange rate, and flexible exchange rates were characterized by substantial volatility in nominal rates with relatively stable reserves. Thus, the combined behavior of these three classifications was sufficient to determine

1702-414: A well-recognized architectural piece because of the extensive use of glass bricks as a construction material, the integral design of all its furniture and the idea of building a bank with a glazed panel, open to the public on the pedestrian Florida St., unlike the classic concept of a sturdy and closed bank, which attempted to give an image of trust and safety. Located in a building that had been erected for

1776-502: Is a response from the Bank of the City of Buenos Aires and the Instituto de Vivienda de la Ciudad (Institute of Housing of the City of Buenos Aires) to the housing problem in the city. This program offers mortgage credits with the lowest rate in the market, so people are able to choose and acquire their own homes, all through an objective and transparent allocation system. The system gives a score to each applicant, and those people who reach

1850-454: Is also sometimes used. A company typically uses a trade name to conduct business using a simpler name rather than using their formal and often lengthier name. Trade names are also used when a preferred name cannot be registered, often because it may already be registered or is too similar to a name that is already registered. Using one or more fictitious business names does not create additional separate legal entities. The distinction between

1924-581: Is called a razón social . Federico Sturzenegger Federico Sturzenegger (born 11 February 1966) is an Argentine economist who is the current head of the Ministry of Deregulation and State Transformation under Javier Milei 's presidency. He previously served as President of the Central Bank between 2015 and 2018. Sturzenegger has a PhD in Economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He

1998-401: Is integrated by its president, Guillermo Laje, vice president, Fernando Jorge Elías, and general manager, Gustavo Jorge Cardoni. The Directors are Delfina Rossi, Nicolás Massot , Gastón Rossi, Franco Moccia. The syndic of trustee is Paula Beatriz Villalba. The bank has around fifty offices in all of Buenos Aires , some of them designed by MSGSSS studio in the 1960s, during the expansion at

2072-588: Is known for implementing a unique hiring system based in meritocratic results and inspired in the Brazilian Development Bank . The primary objective of this new system was to promote equal opportunities through a recruiting based on academic results. A first selection was made on academic grades. The preselected group of applicants had then to conduct another exam at the Universidad de Buenos Aires . Those who had studied in public schools were prioritized for

2146-572: The Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires led to the adoption of its current name in 1972. The Bank of the City of Buenos Aires is the ninth-largest in Argentina by deposits, which in February 2010 totaled US$ 3.6 billion (3.6% of the domestic total), and its loan portfolio of US$ 2.8 billion made it the nation's eighth-largest lender; it maintained 61 branches, employing over 3,000 people. The Directory

2220-561: The Buenos Aires Stock Exchange , government bonds , and foreign trade , as well. The institution was rechartered officially as the Municipal Savings and Loan Bank in 1904. Following initially disappointing results, increased investment in bank branches , agencies and other forms of representation led to the institution's renewed growth, particularly during the tenure of bank president Enrique Peña, who in 1916 committed

2294-638: The Business School at Torcuato di Tella University until the year 2001. In 2002, he returned to his previous occupation as Dean at Torcuato di Tella University until the year 2005. From to 2005 to 2007, Sturzenegger was a visiting professor of public policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government , Harvard University . In 2005, he was selected as Young Global Leader in the World Economic Forum in Davos and

Bank of the City of Buenos Aires - Misplaced Pages Continue

2368-499: The Mercado del Plata wholesaler stood) in 1947 for the construction of municipal offices, and an important branch was opened therein after the building's 1961 completion. The bank's headquarters were relocated to a refurbished Florida Street building, the former A la Ciudad de México department store, in 1968. These and other new offices allowed the bank to expand its larger-scale commercial lending activities. Its growing competition with

2442-459: The United Kingdom , there is no filing requirement for a "business name", defined as "any name under which someone carries on business" that, for a company or limited liability partnership, "is not its registered name", but there are requirements for disclosure of the owner's true name and some restrictions on the use of certain names. A minority of U.S. states, including Washington , still use

2516-422: The "Centre Branch". This new access was commissioned to Aslan and Ezcurra architects, and consisted of a glazed tower with metal beams of seven underground levels, plus ground level and 18 floors. In August 2016, the headquarters were re-inaugurated with an avant-garde remodeling, following the parameters outlined in its original construction. This re-inauguration had been planned in 2008 by the current president of

2590-504: The Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires led to the adoption of its current name, "Bank of the City of Buenos Aires", of May 16, 1972. The bank risked being privatized during the nineties, but several political forces and the bank's own employees defended it, and so it managed to remain under the state's orbit. After the modernization and cleanup process done over the last few years, the bank retook its social role, confirmed throughout its institutional history. Doing business as In

2664-536: The Buenos Aires Stock Exchange, provincial and national government bonds, and foreign trade, as well. But the main change was that the bank was allowed to collect the public's deposits in Savings Accounts. At first, it followed disappointing results, which increased investment in bank branches, agencies and other forms of representation, and led to the institution's renewed growth, particularly during

2738-637: The Central Bank, Federico Sturzenegger . A few blocks away, on 660 Esmeralda St., lies the Esmeralda complex, also known as the Sales Building, where the bank has been holding its public auctions since the 1930s. This building was also remodeled by MSGSSS in 1969, and it stands out because of its ramps and extensive counters with objects up four auction. In February 2010, the Bank of the City of Buenos Aires announced an architecture competition to design its new corporate office, in front of Parque Patricios, within

2812-484: The U.S. current account deficit cannot in reality be as high as it is estimated to be: otherwise, the U.S. would be paying large amounts of interests on its debt. This does not seem to be the case: net income in 2004 was still a positive 30 billion, which is not lower than it was in 1980, before the U.S. built up its current account deficit. Thus, the authors argue that the "real" cumulative current account between 1980 and 2004 had in fact been positive, and that somehow

2886-418: The U.S., trademark rights are acquired by use in commerce, but there can be substantial benefits to filing a trademark application. Sole proprietors are the most common users of DBAs. Sole proprietors are individual business owners who run their businesses themselves. Since most people in these circumstances use a business name other than their own name, it is often necessary for them to get DBAs. Generally,

2960-586: The Uruguayan architect Rafael Viñoly also submitted their designs. The construction started towards the end of 2010. The building was awarded in the 3rd Annual Awards for Excellence in Sustainability, organized by the American Planning Association, in the "Sustainable Building Project" category. The board of directors first meeting after its establishment, on July 10, outlined the goal of "serving

3034-440: The actual rather than the announced policies, providing an alternative as well as a complement to the standard de jure approach. Sturzenegger and Levy Yeyati managed to define the exchange rate regimes according to the behavior of three classification variables: changes in the nominal exchange rate, the volatility of these changes, and the volatility of international reserves . Underlying the selection of these variables they made

Bank of the City of Buenos Aires - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-416: The bank grew quickly; in 1888, it was nationalized and transferred to the City of Buenos Aires. Its new headquarters in the financial district was accompanied by new market capitalization , allowing it provide personal, business and mortgage loans and payday advances . It soon began to administer pension funds and became a leading local source for underwriting of initial public offering activity on

3182-422: The bank reached a record profit of more than 1300 million Argentine pesos, becoming the most profitable state owned company in Argentina. Between the years 2008 and 2012 the bank tripled its net worth and multiplied by 7 its loans to medium and small enterprises, by 6 its loans to large enterprises, and by 4 its mortgage loans. During Sturzenegger's management the bank became the only one in Argentina to offer

3256-481: The bills presented by Federico Sturzenegger was one that strived for universal and compulsory education since age 3. Soon after, the government presented a similar project which consisted of the obligation at 4 years of age. Sturzenegger argued that in many parts of the world it was shown that children who receive quality early education at the age of 3–4 years, had lower dropout rates, higher educational level completed, higher wages, better academic performance later, and

3330-505: The city's new Technological District. For that purpose, the bank purchased a whole block between Uspallata, Atuel, Los Patos and Iguazú streets, which formerly belonged to the City's Institute of Housing. The winning proposal for the building would win the contract to erect it, so the studios competing had to be associated with contractors in order to present their projects. In August 2010, the English Norman Foster and Partners won

3404-483: The competition, associated with the Argentinian designers Berdichevsky-Cherny y Edgardo Minond and CRIBA constructions. Their entire project would cost 200 million pesos, and would take 22 months to build. Argentinian studios like Aisenson (second place), Richter-Dahl Rocha (third place), MSGSSS, Mario Roberto Álvarez and Associates, Antonini-Schön-Zemborain, Hampton-Rivoira, B4FS, Dujovne-Hirsch, Urgell-Penedo-Urgell, and

3478-484: The corporate veil . In English , trade names are generally treated as proper nouns . In Argentina , a trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Brazil , a trade name is known as a nome fantasia ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called razão social (social name). In some Canadian jurisdictions , such as Ontario , when

3552-522: The county or city to be registered with the State Corporation Commission. DBA statements are often used in conjunction with a franchise . The franchisee will have a legal name under which it may sue and be sued, but will conduct business under the franchiser's brand name (which the public would recognize). A typical real-world example can be found in a well-known pricing mistake case, Donovan v. RRL Corp. , 26 Cal. 4th 261 (2001), where

3626-467: The effective regime resemble a flexible arrangement. Moreover, countries that appeared to behave according to the declared regime during tranquil times could be tempted to change their course of action once the regime was under stress. Thus, a very different picture of exchange rate regime choices might have appeared once the international context became more volatile. The authors proposed a new de facto classification of exchange rate regimes that reflected

3700-432: The end of the 1960s. They possess a representative aesthetic, with blue glass panes, metallic linings and white interiors, even though some offices keep the original appearance, with glass bricks on the front. The current bank's head office was designed by MSGSSS studio in 1968, as a symbol of the entity's openness towards new directions. It was built in record time and inaugurated the following year. Since then it has become

3774-428: The evolution of the bank: social loans under a pledge had started to become a limited tool in a modernizing and growing country that converted its inhabitants into citizens. Municipal Bank had to expand its role then, as the new professionals and salaried employees required loans to buy and set up their own homes, and salesman and small industrial entrepreneurs needed to expand and modernize their facilities to keep up with

SECTION 50

#1732901930334

3848-481: The expanding internal market. The bank became a leader in small business lending, and financed public housing projects in underprivileged areas. The city purchased a downtown lot on the massive Nueve de Julio Avenue (where the Mercado del Plata wholesaler stood) in 1947 for the construction of municipal offices, and an important branch was opened therein after the building's 1961 completion. The First House B.A credit line

3922-632: The first time in decades, the development of long-term credit . The result was the highest credit growth in 20 years in 2017, with a real explosion in the mortgage loan segment, a process that has continued later. He also implemented a deep deregulation of bureaucratic restrictions that limits the potential growth of the financial sector . Regarding payment methods, he promoted modern payment mechanisms such as PEI (Immediate electronic payment), mobile wallets, mobile payments, Debin, and homogenization of QR codes, which allow for accelerated growth of these alternative payment mechanisms. Likewise, it promoted

3996-399: The institution to "combat usury in the most effective possible way – making branches readily available throughout the city so as to lessen inconvenience to those who need our services." A nationalist coup in 1943 led to the sudden advent of Col. Juan Perón as the new regime's chief policy-maker. The new government quickly made the control of price gouging in banking and public services

4070-464: The jurisdiction of the City of Buenos Aires. On September 30, 1904, through law 4351, the institution was called "Municipal Savings and Loans Bank". Its new headquarters in the financial district were accompanied by new market capitalization, and it allowed it to provide personal, business and mortgage loans and payday advances. It soon began to administer pension funds and became a leading local source of underwriting of initial public offering activity on

4144-402: The law is to protect the public from fraud, by compelling the business owner to first file or register his fictitious business name with the county clerk, and then making a further public record of it by publishing it in a newspaper. Several other states, such as Illinois , require print notices as well. In Uruguay , a trade name is known as a nombre fantasía , and the legal name of business

4218-691: The minimum prices for the airline industry (the Executive implemented this in 2018), implementing a transparent entry system for the public administration (he implemented such schemes both at Banco Ciudad as well as at the Central Bank), he proposed, following the guidelines of the OECD a project to make firms responsible for corruption (a similar law was approved in 2017), and he proposed a mechanism to ensure social aid beneficiaries not to lose their benefits as they transitioned to formal employment (the government implemented

4292-461: The named defendant, RRL Corporation, was a Lexus car dealership doing business as " Lexus of Westminster ", but remaining a separate legal entity from Lexus, a division of Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc. . In California , filing a DBA statement also requires that a notice of the fictitious name be published in local newspapers for some set period of time to inform the public of the owner's intent to operate under an assumed name . The intention of

4366-445: The occasion of the 90th anniversary of its foundation. These and other new offices allowed the bank to expand its larger-scale commercial lending activities. The relocation gave the bank the opportunity to create a new image with colored glazed bricks in large surfaces, both internal and external, as well as the creation of an advertising logo and the possibility to equip all of its offices and subsidiaries. Its growing competition with

4440-519: The real value of its foreign assets , and thus lower the real size of the deficit. Therefore, they argue, there is less reason to worry about the U.S. financial position than is usually assumed. In addition, this dark matter in the U.S. current account also has implications for the accounts of other countries, which have been inadvertently accruing liabilities by importing know-how. In their paper "Classyfing Exchange Rate Regimes: Deeds vs. Words," Eduardo Levy Yeyati and Federico Sturzenegger developed

4514-435: The regime to which each country belonged at any point in time. He returned to Argentina in 1995 when José Estenssoro appointed him as Chief Economist of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales . In March 2001, during the government of Fernando de la Rúa , he served as Secretary of Political Economy of Argentina in Argentina, within the Ministry of Economy then headed by Ricardo López Murphy . A few days later, López Murphy

SECTION 60

#1732901930334

4588-421: The same day his appointment was published in the official bulletin, he was sworn in. On July 18, 2024, he caused some controversy by announcing a bill that aims to include tips as part of the final bill in dining establishments. Between 10 December 2015 and 14 June 2018, he served as President of the Central Bank during Mauricio Macri's administration . Its management had three central objectives: build

4662-450: The same project, implementing it would significantly reduce the interest rate on mortgage loans, approximating its value to a rental. As the value of capital is preserved, loans of 30 years or more would automatically would develop. Later on, as Governor of the Central Bank he implemented this mechanism, and the result was a significant lending boom in mortgages which led to triple digit growth rates in mortgages. He also proposed eliminating

4736-535: The selection. By the year 2013 the bank was going to move its central headquarter to a new building designed by Norman Foster . The new headquarter was designed with construction standards that would make it the most sustainable public building in Latin America. In 2013, Federico Sturzenegger resigned as president of Banco Ciudad to become a Member of the Chamber of Deputies as a member of Republican Proposal . As

4810-454: The surname(s) of the sole trader or partners, or the legal name of a company. The Companies Registration Office publishes a searchable register of such business names. In Japan , the word yagō ( 屋号 ) is used. In Colonial Nigeria , certain tribes had members that used a variety of trading names to conduct business with the Europeans. Two examples were King Perekule VII of Bonny , who

4884-456: The tenure of bank president Enrique Peña, who in 1916 committed the institution to "combat usury in the most effective possible way – making branches readily available throughout the city so as to lessen inconvenience to those who need our services." A nationalist coup in 1943 led to the sudden advent of Col. Juan Perón as the new regime's chief policy-maker. The new government quickly made the control of price gouging in banking and public services

4958-469: The term trade name to refer to "doing business as" (DBA) names. In most U.S. states now, however, DBAs are officially referred to using other terms. Almost half of the states, including New York and Oregon , use the terms assumed business name or assumed name ; nearly as many, including Pennsylvania , use the term fictitious name . For consumer protection purposes, many U.S. jurisdictions require businesses operating with fictitious names to file

5032-414: The working community, which is in the greatest need of such an institution." The bank opened its doors in a Monserrat Ward residence that formerly belong to Viceroy Joaquin del Pino, it grew quickly and changed its name six times until it reached its current denomination. The first substantial change occurred in 1888 when, after the federalization of Buenos Aires, the bank was nationalized and transferred to

5106-435: Was a professor of economics at University of California, Los Angeles , Torcuato di Tella University (where he also was Dean of the Business School ), and Kennedy School of Government of Harvard University . Currently he teaches at University of San Andres and is Honoris Causa Professor at HEC Paris . Throughout his academic career he has published close to fifty articles in refereed journals as well as eight books. He

5180-699: Was also Chief Economist of YPF , President of Bank of the City of Buenos Aires and a National Congressman for the PRO party. He graduated in 1987 with an Economics degree from the National University of La Plata . He earned his Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1991. Between 1991 and 1994, Sturzenegger was an assistant professor of economics at the University of California, Los Angeles . In 1998, Sturzenegger left his position in YPF and became Dean of

5254-574: Was awarded the Konex Prize in 2006. Dark matter is a term coined by Sturzenegger and Ricardo Hausmann to refer to the 'invisible' assets that explain the difference between official estimates of the U.S. current account , and estimates based on the actual return on the U.S. net financial position . Specifically, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) estimated the net U.S. current account deficit to be 2.5 trillion in 2004. However, according to Sturzenegger and his colleague Ricardo Hausmann ,

5328-573: Was chartered on May 23, 1878, as the Monte de Piedad ( Piety Mount ) in a measure against the prevalence of usury in Buenos Aires (mostly targeting the growing wave of immigration in Argentina ). The board of directors' first meeting on July 10 outlined the goal of "serving the working community, which is in the greatest need of such an institution." Opening its doors in a Montserrat ward residence formerly belonging to Viceroy Joaquín del Pino (1801–04),

5402-545: Was known as Captain Pepple in trade matters, and King Jubo Jubogha of Opobo , who bore the pseudonym Captain Jaja . Both Pepple and Jaja would bequeath their trade names to their royal descendants as official surnames upon their deaths. In Singapore , there is no filing requirement for a "trading as" name, but there are requirements for disclosure of the underlying business or company's registered name and unique entity number. In

5476-450: Was replaced by Cavallo's administration , and he resigned at the end of 2001. In February 2008, Sturzenegger was appointed president of the Bank of the City of Buenos Aires , a publicly owned, municipal commercial bank in Buenos Aires. Before Sturzenegger's appointment the bank was losing money. In the second half of 2007 it had suffered losses over 80 million Argentine pesos. In 2013, after six years under Sturzenegger's management,

#333666