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72-606: The Balygychan (Russian: Балыгычан ) is a river in Magadan Oblast , Russian Far East . It is 352 kilometres (219 mi) long (400 km including Levy Balygychan ), with a drainage basin of 17,600 square kilometres (6,800 sq mi). The river freezes in October and stays frozen until the end of May. Graylings , longnose suckers , pikes and whitefish are common in the Balygychan waters. The river has its source in

144-512: A distillery , a pasta factory, a sausage factory, the Dukcha state poultry farm, and the Khasynsky state farm. Despite rich natural resources, the economy has not prospered as much as might have been expected in recent years. The severe climate and poorly developed infrastructure are partly to blame, but the difficult transition from Soviet times has led to the collapse of a number of companies with

216-578: A 2012 survey 29.6% of the population of Magadan Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 3% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 3% is an Orthodox Christian believer without belonging to any church or adheres to other Orthodox churches , 2% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Siberian shamanism , 1% to Islam , 1% to the Old Believers . In addition, 27% of

288-517: A domestic dispute in 1971. Yury Koval , mainly known for his children's books, spent considerable periods of his life in Vologda Oblast. Three of the towns in the oblast—Belozersk, Totma, and Veliky Ustyug—are classified as historical towns by the Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation, which implies certain restrictions on construction in their historical centers. The old center of Vologda until

360-453: A result, 50% of all food products must be supplied from outside. The agricultural complex consists of companies producing agricultural products, the food and processing industries, a production infrastructure, and farm enterprises. The particular areas of specialization are reindeer herding , fur farming , and traditional hunting , fishing , and fur trapping activities. Companies involved in food processing and production include Gormolzavod,

432-563: A result, many of those who can no longer rely on traditional sources of income are now unemployed. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug was formerly administratively subordinated to Magadan Oblast, but declared its separation in 1991. On 4 July 1997, Magadan, alongside Bryansk , Chelyabinsk , Saratov , and Vologda signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy. The agreement would be abolished on 30 January 2002. Magadan Oblast consists principally of mountainous desert, tundra , and taiga . The southern part of

504-676: A sequence of further administrative reforms, Vologda Oblast was established in 1937. During the Second World War , the Soviet Union operated a prisoner-of-war camp in Kornilyevo , first for Poles and Finns captured during the Soviet invasions of Poland and Finland , and later for German POWs. Parts of Oshtinsky District in the west of the oblast became the only areas of Vologda Oblast to be occupied by foreign (Finnish) troops. The Finnish advance

576-572: Is Vologda . The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 ( 2010 Census ). The largest city is Cherepovets , the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast. Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery , Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site ) with the frescoes of Dionisius , the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk , and

648-488: Is Andrei Lutsenko. The next elections are expected in September 2026. Executive power is exercised by the governor , the government of the Vologda Oblast headed by him, and other executive authorities. The governor is elected by the region's inhabitants for a term of five years and cannot hold the said position for more than two consecutive terms. The current governor is Oleg Kuvshinnikov of United Russia. In December 2011, he

720-572: Is a federal subject that has the highest rate of depopulation in the Russian Federation. Its population, which stood at 384,525 in 1991, stood at 165,820 on January 1, 2008 (according to the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics), falling at a rate of around 2% per year. The rural population, which had stood at 59,151, was just 8,833 in 2008 and decreasing at a rate of around 10% per year. Entire villages are being emptied out and

792-436: Is evident from the fact that for the 20-24 age group, there were only 66 females living in rural areas, compared to 202 males. Male life expectancy for rural areas rose to 53.73 years in 2006 from 51.88 in 2005. In 2021 the depopulation continues with approximately the same rate, as the population is about 139,000 people. Although Magadan Oblast is a part of the program of resettlement of ethnic Russian families. According to

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864-669: Is located on the East European Plain , and most of it represents forested hilly landscape. The southwest of the oblast, along the Sheksna and the Mologa, is flat. The northwestern part is mostly of glacial origin, with the Andoma Hills , the Veps Hills , and a number of minor hill chains. The highest point of the oblast is 304 metres (997 ft) high Malgora hill. In the east of the oblast,

936-593: Is one of the most productive regions of the world's oceans. Magadan Oblast has more than 15,900 kilometers (9,900 mi) of coastline and 29,016 kilometers (18,030 mi) of rivers of commercial importance. The catching vessels of the oblast's fishing companies operate mainly in Russia's economic zone, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea , and to some extent in the Sea of Japan. Most of

1008-562: Is paved and heavily used. Other important paved roads include A114 highway , connecting Vologda to Cherepovets and Saint Petersburg , the roads connecting Vologda to Kirillov (the part which continues to Lipin Bor, Vytegra, and Pudozh , is partially paved), Vologda to Veliky Ustyug via Totma, Totma to Nikolsk via Imeni Babushkina, and Kotlas to Manturovo and eventually to Kostroma and Moscow via Veliky Ustyug and Nikolsk. There are connections from Ustyuzhna to Pestovo and Vesyegonsk . However,

1080-662: Is the Vaga . Two areas in Vologda Oblast have been designated as protected natural areas of federal significance. These are Russky Sever National Park in the center of the oblast and Darwin Nature Reserve in the southwest of the oblast (shared with Yaroslavl Oblast). Population : 1,142,827 ( 2021 Census ) ; 1,202,444 ( 2010 Census ) ; 1,269,568 ( 2002 Census ) ; 1,353,870 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . 1.41 children per woman Total: 69.08 years (male: 63.85, female: 74.38) Babayevsky and Vytegorsky District in

1152-661: The Hal-Urekchen , at the confluence of the Left Balygychan and Right Balygychan rivers of the Kolyma Mountains . It flows roughly northwards along the western flank of the Omsukchan Range . In its middle course there is the abandoned town of Verkhny Balygychan ("Upper Balygychan"). North of the town the Balygychan flows along a marshy intermontane basin where the river widens, meanders and divides in arms. Finally it joins

1224-407: The Sea of Okhotsk host notable biodiversity where large vertebrates such as bowhead whales may appear, and have rich fishing grounds for pollock, herring, cod, flounder and salmon, as well as crabs and shellfish. The economy is centered on mining interests for gold, silver and other non-ferrous metals. The city of Magadan is the only large industrial center. Agriculture is not well developed in

1296-574: The Slavic native faith (Rodnovery), and 1% are Old Believers . In addition, 39% of the population declared to be "spiritual but not religious", 20% is atheist , and 6.5% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. The oblast is administratively divided into four cities and towns under the oblast's jurisdiction ( Vologda , Cherepovets , Sokol , and Veliky Ustyug ) and twenty-six districts. Another ten towns ( Babayevo , Belozersk , Gryazovets , Kadnikov , Kharovsk , Kirillov , Nikolsk , Totma , Ustyuzhna , and Vytegra ) have

1368-614: The Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Vologda CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually

1440-672: The Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery , the Goritsky Monastery , and the Troitse-Gledensky Monastery represent examples of Russian medieval fortification architecture and also contain buildings rated among the best preserved cultural heritage. The Ferapontov Monastery , included into the World Heritage list, contains the only survived fully painted church in Russia with the frescoes of Dionisius . As of 2010, four of

1512-465: The Stalin era in the 1930s and 1940s under the coordination of Dalstroy and its forced labor camps. Upon Stalin's death, Dalstroy was disbanded and the regional administration took over many of its former responsibilities. From then on, paid labor replaced most of the convict-based manpower, attracted by the region's rapid economic expansion, especially the gold-mining interests. The indigenous peoples of

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1584-582: The Sukhona and the Northern Dvina. In the 13th century, minor principalities started to proliferate. First, the Principality of Beloozero separated from Rostov , its northern and northeastern parts in the 15th century became quasi-independent, forming smaller feudal states like the Principality of Zaozerye or the Principality of Kubena . Many smaller principalities are only mentioned once in chronicles, and

1656-765: The Taygonos Peninsula  [ ru ] , Pyagina Peninsula , Koni Peninsula , Staritskogo Peninsula , Onatsevicha Peninsula , Khmitevskogo Peninsula and the Onara Peninsula . The main islands of Magadan Oblast are (north to south) Telan Island , the Yam Islands , Zavyalov Island , Nedorazumeniya Island and the Spafaryev Islands . The animal species in the south include snow sheep , reindeer , moose and brown bears . There are also many varieties of birds, including ducks and seabirds. Coastal waters of

1728-550: The Time of Troubles , the area was ravaged by Polish troops, who at some point besieged Vologda but did not succeed in conquering the city. In the 17th century, Vologda was a prosperous city located on the main trading route from Moscow to Western Europe. During the reign of Tsar Peter the Great in the 18th century, Vologda became a shipbuilding center and played an important role in support of Russian military operations against Sweden. However,

1800-708: The Vozhega , drains in the Onega River in the White Sea basin. The rest of the oblast, including Lake Kubenskoye , another major lake in the oblast, belongs to the river basin of the Northern Dvina . The Northern Dvina is formed in the northeast of the oblast from merging of the Sukhona and the Yug . The Sukhona forms the major waterway of Vologda Oblast. Another major tributary of the Northern Dvina, which has its source in Vologda Oblast,

1872-612: The 1920s and 1930s, Veliky Ustyug was left intact and declared the national cultural heritage very early after 1917. It preserved therefore almost all of its historic center. Vologda, Belozersk, Totma, Gryazovets, and Ustyuzhna keep many of their historical buildings. In particular, several churches in Totma were built in the 18th century in the unique style which is sometimes referred to as Totma Baroque . The relative desolation of Vologda lands attracted monks looking for solitude, resulting in numerous monasteries. The Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery ,

1944-708: The 1990s contained many wooden houses, including five wooden classicist manors, protected by the government as cultural heritage monuments. Despite the protection, many of these burnt down, or were simply demolished. Still, many buildings, including four classicist manors, survive, and make Vologda one of the biggest collection of wooden town houses of the 19th century in Russia. Some of the best examples of rural wooden architecture are collected in open-air Ethnographic Museum in Semyonkovo , northwest of Vologda. Several cities and towns in Vologda Oblast preserved their architectural heritage. In contrast to many other Russian towns in

2016-595: The Danish merchant Friedrich Buman opened a specialized butter factory in the manor of Fominskoye (13 km northwest of Vologda). It was the first butter factory both in Vologda Governorate and in Russia. Since then Vologda became the center of the butter industry, and the Vologda butter , a special type of butter with the taste of nuts invented by Nikolay Vereschagin and Buman, became a world trademark. The agriculture in

2088-452: The Left Balygychan to the confluence with the Kolyma. Magadan Oblast Magadan is the largest city and the capital of Magadan Oblast with the majority of the oblast's inhabitants living in the city itself. The coastline has a less severe climate than the interiors, although both are very cold for its latitude. It borders Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the north, Kamchatka Krai in

2160-750: The Novgorod merchants already reached the White Sea . They reached the area by using the waterways. The main waterway to the White Sea was the Northern Dvina , and Novgorod merchants used the Volga and its tributary, the Sheksna , along the Slavyanka River into Lake Nikolskoye, then the boats were taken by land to Lake Blagoveshchenskoye, from there downstream along the Porozovitsa River into Lake Kubenskoye and further to

2232-417: The Vologda Oblast establishes the foundations of the legal status, ensuring human and civil rights, as well as the institutions of democracy, the economic and financial foundations of the region, the foundations of socio-cultural policy, the organization of state power, administrative-territorial division and the organization of local self-government. In the period when they were the most important authority in

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2304-468: The baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna . Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources. The area of Vologda Oblast was settled by Finnic peoples in prehistory, and most of the toponyms in the region are in fact Finnic. Vepsians , who still live in the west of the oblast, are the descendants of that population. Subsequently, the area was colonized by the Russians. Belozersk

2376-769: The biggest freshwater lakes in Europe, belongs to Vologda Oblast, and the tributaries of Lake Onega, the biggest of which are the Vytegra River and the Andoma River , belong to the river basin of the Neva and thus drain to the Baltic Sea. Also, minor areas in the west of the oblast drain into the Oyat River which is a right tributary of the Svir and belongs to the basin of the Neva. The western part of

2448-641: The border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts. The plans to extend it further east to Nikolsk were never realized. The Monza Railroad has a separate station in Vokhoga, Vokhtoga-2 railway station. The headquarters of the Monzales company which owns the railroad are located in Vokhtoga. A big number of narrow gauge railways have been built in the 1950s and 1960s to facilitate the transport of timber, but since then most of these became unprofitable and have been destroyed. Currently,

2520-473: The catch comes from coastal waters. Fishing industry companies are concentrated in Magadan , Ola , Yamsk , and Evensk . The most important commercial fish are pollock , herring , cod, navaga (a member of the cod family), flounder, and various kinds of salmon. Crabs , squid , shrimp , and whelks are also caught. Owing to the severe climate, agriculture is Magadan Region's least developed economic sector; as

2592-527: The daily administration. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the governor who is the head of the oblast and acts as guarantor of the observance of the Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia . As a subject of the Russian Federation, the Vologda Oblast has a certain constituent power, which consists of the right to adopt its charter, laws, and other regulatory legal acts. The charter of

2664-503: The east, Khabarovsk Krai in the south and the Sakha Republic in the west. The economy is primarily based on mining , particularly gold , silver and other non-ferrous metals . Magadan Oblast was established on December 3, 1953 in what had popularly been known as Kolyma . As a result of considerable raw resources, especially gold, silver, tin, and tungsten deposits, mining activities and road building had been developed during

2736-838: The estate of his uncle, Vladimirovka , close to the city of Cherepovets . In the 20th century, two of the authors of the Village prose movement in Soviet literature, which predominantly described rural life, were tightly connected with Vologda Region. Vasily Belov was born in the village of Timonikha, currently in Kharovsky District, and lives in Vologda. Alexander Yashin was born in Nikolsky District and completed his studies in Nikolsk, but then moved to Moscow. A poet Nikolay Rubtsov spent much of his life in Vologda Oblast before being killed in

2808-552: The governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The politics in the oblast is governed by the Charter of Vologda Oblast. The laws within the authority of the oblast are passed by the Legislative Assembly of Vologda Oblast. The highest executive body is the Vologda Oblast Administration. It also includes the executive bodies of the subdivisions such as districts, and is responsible for

2880-473: The importance of Vologda as a trade center was diminished after Saint Petersburg was founded in 1703, and the foreign trade was rerouted to the Baltic Sea . Peter even imposed restrictions on the White Sea trade. Vologda was the northernmost territory where serfdom existed in Russia. In the lands west and south of Vologda, estates existed, but to the north and east of Vologda serfdom was never implemented, and

2952-533: The local aviation has almost disappeared. There is an airport in Vologda. Locally, there is infrequent service to Veliky Ustyug , Kichmengsky Gorodok , and Vytegra . The oil transport system, Baltic Pipeline System , runs through the oblast, with three oil-pumping stations located at Nyuksenitsa , Pogorelovo , and Gryazovets . In the 19th and the 20th centuries, many notable authors had their estates in Vologda Region; however, their literary activity mostly

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3024-521: The machine building industry. Metallurgy was a traditional industry developed in the region since the 16th century, when its center was located in Ustyuzhna. Another traditional industries were salt production (around Totma) and glass making (in what is currently Chagodoshchensky District). In the 18th century, timber production started to grow rapidly. In the 19th century, the textile industry enterprises making flax textiles started to proliferate. In 1871,

3096-513: The main sea export route for Russia. The whole course of the Sukhona is navigable, as well as the lower courses of some of its tributaries, including the Vologda. However, there is currently very little or no regular passenger navigation on the Sukhona. Volga–Baltic Waterway , first constructed in the 19th century as the Mariinsk Canal System and then reconstructed in the 20th century, connects

3168-584: The middle of the 15th century, the Vologda Lands were strongly involved with the Muscovite Civil War : Thus, Vasily the Blind was exiled to Vologda in 1446 and was released from his allegiance oath by the hegumen of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery , and by the late 1440s the Sukhona valley became the battlefield between the retreating army of Dmitry Shemyaka and the army of Vasily, chasing Shemyaka. During

3240-445: The north of the oblast, was constructed in the 1940s to facilitate the transport of coal from the Komi Republic . The railway connecting Vologda with Saint Petersburg via Cherepovets was built in the 1900s. There is also a railway connecting Vologda via Vokhtoga to Buy . At Vokhtoga, the Monza Railroad branches off east. It was built for timber transport and is operated by the timber production authorities. The Monza railroad runs along

3312-458: The northeast of the oblast, in Vologodsky district, there is a point which is a triple divide of the river basins of the Neva (Baltic Sea), the Volga (Caspian Sea), and the Onega (White Sea), and thus the basins of the Atlantic Ocean , the Arctic Ocean , and the endorheic basins of the interior of Eurasia . This is one of the very few such triple divides in the world and the only one in Russia. The southwestern shore of Lake Onega , one of

3384-476: The northwest of the oblast belong to the areas traditionally populated by Vepsians . The Vepsians living in Vologda Oblast speak the central group of Veps dialects . According to a 2012 survey 29.5% of the population of Vologda Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 2% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% are Eastern Orthodox Christian believers not belonging to any church or belonging to non-Russian Eastern Orthodox churches , 1% are adherents of

3456-610: The oblast (1937 to 1991), the following first secretaries were appointed Since 1991, governors were sometimes appointed, and sometimes elected: Legislative power is exercised by the Legislative Assembly of Vologda Oblast - a unicameral parliament of 34 deputies elected by a mixed electoral system (17 + 17) by the region's inhabitants for a five-year term. The current convocation was elected in September 2021 . The deputies represent five parties: United Russia (24), Communist Party (5), Liberal Democratic Party (2), A Just Russia (2), and Party of Pensioners (1). The current chairman

3528-418: The oblast drains into the Rybinsk Reservoir of the Volga. The biggest tributaries of the reservoir are the Mologa , the Suda , the Sogozha , and the Sheksna . Lake Beloye , one of the biggest lakes in the oblast, is the source of the Sheksna. Some areas in the south of the oblast drain into tributaries of the Volga, including the Unzha . Lake Vozhe in the northwest of the Oblast, with its main tributary,

3600-400: The oblast is essentially cattle breeding with milk and meat production, production of eggs, growing of crops, flax, potatoes, and vegetables. In 2008, 73% of all agricultural products were produced by large-scale farms. The area of current Vologda Oblast has always been located on the trading routes connecting central Russia to the White Sea, and, in fact, in the 17th century the White Sea was

3672-447: The population declares itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% is atheist , and 20.4% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. Vologda Oblast Vologda Oblast ( Russian : Вологодская область , romanized :  Vologodskaya oblastʹ , IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ] ; Veps : Vologdan agj ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast ). Its administrative center

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3744-405: The population of the rural areas of the districts is simply disappearing. The rural population of Yagodninsky District was reduced from 13,843 (1991) to 445 (2007). The Omsukchansky District saw its rural population plummet from 1,301 to 79. Especially extreme is the example of Susumansky District , where the rural population almost disappeared: from 9,764 in 1991 to just 116 in 2007. Emigration

3816-419: The population owned their land. In 1708, Peter the Great issued an edict which established seven governorates. The description of the borders of the governorates was not given; instead, their area was defined as a set of towns and the lands adjacent to those towns. Two of the governorates, Archangelgorod Governorate (east of the oblast) and Ingermanland Governorate (west of the oblast), were located in

3888-404: The present-day area of Vologda oblast. Vologda became a part of Archangelgorod Governorate. Subsequently, the western part of the Oblast was transferred to Novgorod Governorate . In 1780, Vologda became the administrative center of Vologda Viceroyalty which included the territory of the former Archangelgorod Governorate. Eventually, the viceroyalty was transformed into Vologda Governorate . After

3960-469: The princes of Moscow. The princes, in their turn, viewed the monasteries as means to keep the influence of the Grand Duchy of Moscow in its remote areas. A number of influential monasteries, including Spaso-Prilutsky , Pavlo-Obnorsky , Kirillo-Belozersky , and Ferapontov monasteries, were founded. Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery soon became one of the most prominent Russian monasteries, with a lot of political influence, and successful economic development. In

4032-408: The region is partly forested with birch, willow, mountain ash, larch and alder. Inland there are mountain ranges belonging to the Kolyma Mountains , as well as the Chersky Range , including the Okhandya Range with the highest point of Magadan Oblast, an unnamed 2,337 metres (7,667 ft) high peak. There are a number of peninsulas along the oblast's coast, the chief ones being (north to south)

4104-416: The region, including the Evens , Koryaks , Yupiks , Chukchis , Orochs , Chuvans and Itelmens , who had traditionally lived from fishing along the Sea of Okhotsk coast or from reindeer herding in the River Kolyma valley, suffered from the industrialization of the area but were able to rely on institutional support until 1987 when Perestroika started to cause many of the older structures to close. As

4176-447: The region. In April 2014 the Russian government has endorsed bills for extending the operations of the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Magadan Oblast through to December 31, 2025. Magadan Oblast is considered one of the world's richest mining areas. Gold is the region's main resource, although silver and tin deposits are also being developed. There are nearly 2,000 placer gold deposits, 100 gold ore deposits, and 48 silver ore deposits in

4248-731: The result that many inhabitants have left the region. Recently, there does seem to have been renewed efforts to encourage foreign investment which could lead to improvements in the economy. Indeed, on a visit to Magadan in November 2005, President Vladimir Putin supported the extension of special tax advantages for the region in order to encourage gold exploitation. Population : 136,085 ( 2021 Census ) ; 156,996 ( 2010 Census ) ; 182,726 ( 2002 Census ) ; 542,868 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.43 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 67.41 years (male — 62.48, female — 72.51) Magadan

4320-410: The right bank of the Kolyma 1,353 km (841 mi) from its mouth. The main tributaries of the Balygychan are the Kyrchan and the Dzhagyn , both joining it from the right. The town of Balygychan lies on the right bank of the Kolyma, just a little upstream from the confluence. There are more than 300 lakes in the basin of the river. It is about 400 km (250 mi) long from the source of

4392-428: The river basins of the Volga and the Neva via the Sheksna, Lake Beloye, the Kovzha , and the Vytegra, and is one of the main waterways in European Russia. The Northern Dvina Canal connects the Sheksna and Lake Kubenskoye, thus being a connection between the river basins of the Volga and the Northern Dvina. One of the principal highways in Russia, M8 , connects Moscow and Arkhangelsk, and passes Vologda . This highway

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4464-406: The road network is underdeveloped, especially close to the borders of the oblast. There is only one road crossing from Vologda Oblast to Kostroma Oblast. Several roads cross into Kirov Oblast, but they are all unpaved and badly maintained. So is the connection between Lipin Bor and Kargopol . In the west of the oblast, there are very few through roads even across the district boundaries. Nevertheless,

4536-484: The status of the towns of district significance. The town of Krasavino is under administrative jurisdiction of Veliky Ustyug Town of Oblast Significance. The biggest industrial enterprise of Vologda Oblast is the Severstal steel plant located in the city of Cherepovets . The metallurgical industry is responsible for approximately 50% of the total industrial production of the oblast. it is followed by chemical (also based in Cherepovets), food, and timber industries, and

4608-418: The territory. Recently, there has been interest in exploiting the coal resources in the region. Over the medium term, there seem to be excellent opportunities for petroleum and natural gas exploitation. The fishing industry is the region's only food sector and is second in importance after mining. The 600,000 square kilometers (230,000 sq mi) area of the Sea of Okhotsk that borders on Magadan Oblast

4680-414: The valleys of the Vaga , the Sukhona , and the Yug are cut through the hills. The southeast of the oblast is occupied by the Northern Ridge , which is located south of the valley of the Sukhona. Much of the area of the oblast is occupied by coniferous forest ( taiga ) and by swamps. The area of Vologda Oblast is split between the basins of the White Sea , the Baltic Sea , and the Caspian Sea . In

4752-424: The vast majority of settlements have road connections of some quality, the roads are used for timber transportation, and there is regular bus service on the main roads. The principal railway line in the oblast is the railroad connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk. The piece between Vologda and Arkhangelsk was constructed in the 1890s. A branch from Konosha eastwards to Kotlas and further to Vorkuta , which crosses

4824-444: The very existence of these principalities is questionable. Between 1452 and 1481, Vologda was the center of the Principality of Vologda , the last independent principality in Vologda lands. By the end of the 15th century, all these lands were a part of the Great Duchy of Moscow . In the 14th and the 15th centuries, the lands around Vologda became attractive for monks looking for desolate areas but still wishing to keep connections with

4896-400: Was appointed acting governor and then empowered by deputies of the Legislative Assembly. In 2012, in most subjects of the Russian Federation, direct elections of governors were returned with a municipal filter, a two-term limit, and the possibility of dismissal by decree of the President of the Russian Federation. In the early elections in September 2014 , Kuvshinnikov won 62.98% of the vote and

4968-416: Was elected for five years. In the elections in September 2019 , Kuvshinnikov was re-elected for five years. Vologda Oblast borders with Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Kirov Oblast in the east, Kostroma Oblast in the southeast, Yaroslavl Oblast in the south, Tver and Novgorod Oblasts in the southwest, Leningrad Oblast in the west, and the Republic of Karelia in the northwest. Vologda Oblast

5040-403: Was mentioned in chronicles in 862 as one of the oldest towns in Russia. Much of the area was controlled by the Novgorod Republic , in particular, Totma was founded in 1152. Veliky Ustyug and the west of the current territory of the Oblast, with Belozersk and Ustyuzhna , belonged to the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality and were constantly threatened by Novgorod. Not later than in the 13th century

5112-414: Was related to Saint Petersburg rather than to the estates. Thus, Konstantin Batyushkov , a poet, was born and raised in his estate in Danilovskoye , but became a notable author after he moved to the state service to Saint Petersburg, and he only returned to Vologda (where he eventually died) after he developed a mental illness. Igor Severyanin , a 20th-century poet, spent considerable periods of his life in

5184-542: Was stopped in October 1941, but the occupation continued till June 1944, when the Soviet Army started to advance. In 1955, the construction of Severstal in the city of Cherepovets , the biggest industrial enterprise in the oblast, was completed. On 4 July 1997, Vologda, alongside Bryansk , Chelyabinsk , Magadan , and Saratov signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy. The agreement would be abolished on 15 March 2002. During

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