64-613: The Ulster Cricket Ground in Ballynafeigh Park was a sports venue in Ballynafeigh , Belfast . Opened in 1879, it was the home ground of both Ulster Cricket Club and Ulster F.C. During the 1880s, it also hosted several Irish Cup finals and Ireland international games. It has also hosted rugby union internationals. The ground is now Ulidia Playing Fields, owned by Belfast City Council and used by Rosario Youth Club F.C. and Ballynafeigh Breda Star F.C. This article about
128-573: A Queen's College (now Queen's University ) opened in Belfast, the Collegiate Department closed. RBAI continued as a school for boys, with both day and boarding pupils. There was no standard course as such. Boys’ parents paid only for the subjects their sons took. Mathematics, English and writing were the most popular subjects, classics and French less so. The three hundred boys attending were largely, but not exclusively, Presbyterian in what remained
192-426: A complicated system of rotation "to preclude the possibility of the management falling into the hands of a few individuals". The proposal for the institution, nonetheless, received sufficient establishment support to secure a charter in 1810. William Stuart , Anglican primate archbishop of Ireland, enrolled as a first class subscriber, and George Chichester, 2nd Marquess of Donegall , the town's landlord, leased
256-589: A contingent of the Combined Cadet Force, Scouts and Explorer Scouts (74th) and a community service group. The school offers sports, with rugby union being the most dominant. RBAI have won the Ulster Schools Cup outright 33 times along with four shared titles, winning the cup most recently in 2024 for a back to back win against Ballymena Academy. Rugby and hockey are played in the winter; athletics, cricket (played at Osborne Park ) and lawn tennis occupy
320-519: A fever hospital. In Belfast, typhus , a deadly companion of the hunger driving country people into the town, struck one in every five residents. RBAI continued to provide college education until Queens College Belfast opened in October 1849. When it was found that the new college had made no provision for anatomical and dissecting rooms, RBAI continued to provide the necessary accommodation in its old medical department until 1862. The Collegiate Department
384-523: A largely Presbyterian town. Those taking the Anglican communion (in the established Church of Ireland ), had, from the seventeenth century, attended The Royal School, Armagh and Portora Royal School , and in Belfast favoured the older Belfast—now also "Royal"—Academy. From 1774 the Quakers had had Friends' School, Lisburn ; and from 1865 Wesleyans attended Methodist College Belfast . Co-educational "Methody"
448-412: A plurality, a third, had attended RBAI. The school clearly held "a proud place in Belfast society". In industrial Belfast, the path to civic prominence did necessarily lead through further education. In the 1860s two boys left the school, age 15, to begin apprenticeships in Belfast's engineering giant, Harland and Wolff . William Pirrie rose to become the shipbuilder's chairman, and Alexander Carlisle
512-680: A series of radical toasts: to the French and South American Revolutions , to Catholic Emancipation and a "Radical Reform of the Representation of the People in Parliament", and, perhaps most controversially, to "the exiles of Erin" under "the wing of the republican eagle" in the United States. Despite the resignation of all the board members present, the government seized upon the incident to attach conditions
576-583: A sports venue in Northern Ireland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ballynafeigh Laganbank was one of the nine district electoral areas in Belfast , Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. Located in the south of the city, the district elected five members to Belfast City Council and contained the wards of Ballynafeigh, Botanic, Shaftesbury, Stranmillis , and Rosetta. Laganbank, along with neighbouring Balmoral , formed
640-407: Is an independent grammar school in Belfast , Northern Ireland . With the support of Belfast's leading reformers and democrats, it opened its doors in 1814. Until 1849, when it was superseded by what today is Queen's University , the institution pioneered Belfast's first programme of collegiate education. Locally referred to as Inst , the modern school educates boys from ages 11 to 18. It is one of
704-588: Is indebted to the Belfast Academy funded in 1786". What was to become "Inst" was not the first vision of William Drennan's to be opposed by Bruce, the principal of the Belfast Academy. In the 1790s, Drennan and his Society of United Irishmen had called for complete and immediate Catholic Emancipation and for a radical and democratic reform of the Irish Parliament . For Drennan, the new institution
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#1733086156048768-419: Is the first female to hold the post. At the end of the nineteenth century, improving transport services into Belfast and, more importantly, the need to provide additional classroom space to accommodate the greatly increasing numbers of pupils seeking enrolment persuaded the governors to end boarding. Since 1902 the school has been for day pupils only. Between 1864 and 1898 RBAI had a small preparatory school on
832-680: The Burney Cup ). In 2016 four Instonians played Olympic hockey, three for Ireland and one for Great Britain. RBAI is one of only four schools in Northern Ireland to participate in competitive rowing . In 2005 the first ever RBAI crew travelled to the Henley Royal Regatta in England. It participates in various regattas throughout Ireland and abroad. In 1952 the school sent a team to the British Schools Athletic Championship at
896-1064: The Crescent Arts Centre , the Elmwood Hall , the Lyric Theatre , the Naughton Gallery at Queen's , the Queen's Film Theatre and the Ulster Museum . As well as the Queen's Quarter, there are a number of important cultural attractions within the Laganbank section of the city centre, including the Grand Opera House , the Linen Hall Library , the Ormeau Baths Gallery , the Ulster Hall ,
960-677: The Earl of Carlisle , unveiled a statue in front of the institution on College Square East of the popular Frederick Richard, Earl of Belfast, son of the Marquis of Donegall, patron of, among other causes in Belfast, the Working Class Association for the Promotion of General Improvement. After Henry Cooke died in 1868, significance was attached to his bronze likeness displacing that of the young liberal aristocrat, and that it should stand with its back to
1024-611: The Greek War of Independence . On return to Belfast they stood against one another in the 1832 election, Tennent the Whig losing to Emerson, the Tory , a result that marked the ebb-tide of political liberalism in Belfast. In mid century, General Certificates from the Collegiate Department were common to several Presbyterian ministers who, in the wake of the Great Famine , became passionately involved in
1088-775: The Royal Belfast Academical Institution . The portion of Laganbank to the west of the River Lagan-based around Queen's University, forms the Queen's Quarter , and contains many of the key cultural facilities within the city. The Quarter is home to the Belfast Festival at Queen's , the largest annual arts festival in Ireland, as well as amenities such as the Botanic Gardens , the Brian Friel Theatre ,
1152-766: The Ulster Orchestra and the Waterfront Hall . This area is also sometimes referred to as the Golden Mile because of the large number of bars, clubs and restaurants located there. Rosemary Jenkinson wrote the play, "The Dealer of Ballynafeigh," about a 42-year-old UDF resident of Ballynafeigh and his mother who deal drugs to pay off debts. It was performed at the Keegan Theatre on Church St. in Washington, DC, USA from 17 October to 14 November 2015. The play came in third in
1216-653: The 1840s, the Indian Civil Service examination (administered in its last years by the Collegiate Department) opened the imperial service to Irish school graduates, both Catholic and Protestant. Service in India and in the broader British Empire was a common career path for Instonians over the coming century. Having applied to the Indian Civil Service at the end of this era in 1940, Noel Larmour (1934) had
1280-561: The 1920s, in the period of Geoffrey Garrod's principalship, the house system was founded, and a school uniform, including the ubiquitous yellow and black quartered cap, was worn for the first time. In the Second World War, 106 Old Instonians fell in the conflict. During the war, younger pupils attended branch schools at The Royal School, Dungannon , and at the house known as Fairy Hill in Osborne Gardens. Air-raid shelters were built on
1344-604: The BBC Tony Doyle Awards. Laganbank has a low White population compared to Belfast and is one of the most ethnically diverse electoral areas in Northern Ireland. Note: There is no ethnic group in the Northern Irish census named White British, instead there is only an ethnic group named White. This covers people from many different areas including Britain, Mainland Europe, Australia and the US. Other noteworthy amenities in
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#17330861560481408-565: The Belfast-based Northern Herald , edited between 1834 and 1835 by the "Old Instonian" Thomas O'Hagan . O'Hagan would go on to become the first Catholic Lord Chancellor of Ireland (1868–1874 and 1880–1881). Drennan was adamant that the admission of scholars should be "perfectly unbiased by religious distinctions". Yet when O'Hagan was at RBAI in the 1820s, the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography records him as being
1472-451: The Centre of Innovation in the technology department. RBAI currently has over one thousand pupils on the main site and over two hundred pupils in the preparatory department, Inchmarlo. About 150 new pupils enter every year. For the first three years, boys normally follow a common curriculum: in the fourth year the curriculum is still general but certain options are introduced, and at the end of
1536-702: The Institution: James Simms, editor of the Northern Whig ; James MacNeight, editor of the Londonderry Standard and of the Belfast-based Banner of Ulster ; and Charles Gavan Duffy , of the Young Ireland paper, The Nation . Duffy, a Roman Catholic from Monaghan, enrolled in the collegiate school of logic, rhetoric and belles-lettres in the early 1840s. Duffy was also to contribute to
1600-1176: The Laganbank district electoral area include: 2005: 2 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP, 1 x UUP 2011: 2 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP, 1 x Alliance 2005-2011 Change: Alliance gain from UUP 2001: 2 x SDLP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 2005: 2 x SDLP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP 2001-2005 Change: DUP gain from UUP 1997: 2 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x Alliance 2001: 2 x SDLP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin 1997-2001 Change: SDLP gain from Alliance 1993: 2 x UUP, 2 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance 1997: 2 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x Alliance 1993-1997 Change: Sinn Féin gain from SDLP 1989: 2 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x DUP 1993: 2 x UUP, 2 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance 1989-1993 Change: SDLP gain from DUP 1985: 2 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x DUP 1989: 2 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x DUP 1985-1989 Change: No change 1985: 2 x UUP, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance 54°35′00″N 5°56′02″W / 54.5832°N 5.9338°W / 54.5832; -5.9338 Royal Belfast Academical Institution The Royal Belfast Academical Institution
1664-561: The Queen's Quarter), Stranmillis University College and Union Theological College , as well as the College Square campus of Belfast Metropolitan College . The location of these institutions in close proximity saw the area's popularity among students increase, particularly in the Holyland area. The area was also home to some of the most prominent schools, including Aquinas Diocesan Grammar School , Methodist College Belfast ('Methody') and
1728-492: The Rosetta ward, which joined a new Lisnasharragh District Electoral Area , the district's redrawn wards formed part of a new Botanic District Electoral Area , together with the wards of Blackstaff and Windsor, which had previously been part of Balmoral District Electoral Area Laganbank was the location for several of the city's most important education establishments, including Queen's University Belfast (which gives its name to
1792-498: The Tennent brothers, William who had been a state prisoner, and Robert , who as a ship's surgeon had been a sympathetic witness to the 1797 Table Bay naval mutiny; and the botanist John Templeton . They seconded Drennan as he persuaded a town meeting in 1807 "to facilitate and render less expensive the means of acquiring education; to give access to the works of literature to the middle and lower classes of society; to make provision for
1856-628: The White City, London. German schools also participated. RBAI won the 4 x 110 yards relay. In swimming the school teams go to competitions within Ireland and abroad. In 2005, three of the team qualified for the Irish International Schools Squad. In the same year the senior team came 3rd in the Bath Cup competition held in London. Water polo teams have competed in various events and tours,
1920-482: The annual £1,500 it had granted, reluctantly, for the college's seminary. Inst historian, James Jamieson, is convinced that "what the government really wanted was to do away with the collegiate status of Inst and so prevent the establishment of a native seminary for the Presbyterian ministry where a culture opposed to passive acceptance of the ideas of privilege and class distinction might be imbibed". Tory critics of
1984-463: The board of masters. The first principal, Robert Dods, headmaster of modern languages, was appointed in 1898. Since then RBAI has had eight principals, R. M. Jones (1898–1925), G. Garrod (1925–1939), J. C. A. Brierley (1939–1940), J. H. Grummitt (1940–1959), S. V. Peskett (1959–1978), T. J. Garrett (1978–1990), R. M. Ridley (1990–2006). The current principal, J. A. Williamson was appointed in January 2007 and
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2048-861: The disestablishment of the Church of Ireland (privileged in relation to Presbyterians but, in Cooke's view, a bulwark of the Protestant interest in Ireland). Cooke did not succeed in removing either of the principal objects of his ire: those he accused of anti-trinitarian " Arian " or " Socinian " heresy, Henry Montgomery, head of the English department, and the junior William Bruce (who had departed from his father's orthodoxy), Professor of Latin and Greek. The Board refused an inquisition into their religious orthodoxy. But while Inst may have won what Jamieson called its "wars of independence",
2112-480: The dispute contributed to the establishment in 1853 of Assembly College , a seminary under the direct control of the Presbyterian Synod , and to the government passing over the institution in establishing a Queens College (the later Queens University ). Inst had upheld its principles but at the cost of its collegiate status and the associated government grant. On 1 November 1855, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ,
2176-472: The district its name, flowed through the centre of the district dividing it in two, with Botanic, Shaftesbury and Stranmillis on the western bank and Ballynafeigh and Rosetta on the eastern bank. Laganbank also contained most of the city centre , including Donegall Square . The south of the district contained some of the most exclusive addresses in Northern Ireland, particularly along the Malone Road. However,
2240-545: The eight Northern Irish schools represented on the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference . The school occupies an 18-acre site in the centre of the city on which its first buildings were erected. In 1806, writing in the Belfast News Letter , William Bruce dismissed "visionary notions" of new "academical institution". The town, he reminded his readers, already had "an excellent plan of school education for which it
2304-478: The fifth, boys sit the examination for the Northern Ireland GCSE. Subjects studied at AS/A2 level in the sixth form include English, modern history, geography, economics, French, German, Spanish, Greek, Latin, physical education, business studies, technology, mathematics, further mathematics, physics, politics, chemistry, biology, music and art. Clubs and societies include a school orchestra, choir and band,
2368-498: The following year, 1815, the collegiate department enrolled its first students, it became the first university college to be established in the British Isles since Trinity College Dublin was founded at the end of the sixteenth century. It soon ran into controversy. At a St. Patrick's Day dinner in 1816, chaired by Robert Tennent , board members did not disguise their broader political sympathies. They led one another, and staff, in
2432-615: The freedom that would have been granted priests to enter schools and instruct their "own" students in religion. The concept of educating Catholics and Protestants together, while it had been endorsed by Crolly as bishop and archbishop, was dealt a further blow when in the 1840s his colleagues in the Catholic hierarchy objected to the "Godless" Queen's Colleges, loudly seconded—despite the pleas of Duffy's fellow Young Irelander , Thomas Davis that "the reasons for separate education are reasons for separate life"—by Daniel O'Connell . When in 1849
2496-614: The front lawn, but in the course of the Troubles not one day of school was lost. Since the 1980s, RBAI has benefited from a number of major infrastructure investments: the Jack McDowell Pavilion at Osborne Park, the purpose-built sixth form centre, a multi-function sports centre and fitness suite, the Christ Church Centre of Excellence, the new pavilion at Bladon Park, a water-based synthetic hockey pitch at Shaw's Bridge and
2560-603: The grant; King William IV bestowed upon the Institution the title "Royal". Yet further controversy followed. Conservative Presbyterian clergy, led by Henry Cooke , believed the teaching staff combined theological laxity—their refusal to subscribe to Westminster Confession of Faith with its reference to the Pope as the " Antichrist ", and affirmation of the Holy Trinity—with political error. Staff did not hide their support for
2624-939: The greater part of the Belfast South constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament . The district was bound to the west by the Malone Road and the M1 Motorway , to the south by the River Lagan and the southern section of the Annadale Embankment, to the east by the Ormeau Park and the Ormeau Road and to the north by College Square North and the Cathedral Quarter . The River Lagan, which gave
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2688-437: The group's first county commissioner. In 1947, three Sea Scout Patrols were formed. The Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme was started in the early 1960s. Ronnie Hiscocks led the group from 1965 to 1992. September 1970 saw the formation of the new venture unit for boys aged 16 and older. In 1987, the 100th Gold Duke of Edinburgh's Award was presented to a member of 74th. The sea and land sections combined in 1971. That same year saw
2752-421: The institution Cooke distrusted. Owing to the initiative of Dr. James MacDonnell ("the unchallenged doyen of Belfast medicine"). from 1835, the Collegiate Department had provided Ulster with its first medical school in Ulster. It had its own teaching hospital, the Royal Institution Hospital in Barrack Street, sometimes known as the College Hospital. In 1847 the school and college building themselves served as
2816-454: The institution could become a seminary for the training of ministers. As might have been anticipated, the Presbyterian Church, which had no such facility in Ireland (their candidates for ordination had to train in Glasgow ), alone took up the offer. Lord Castlereagh perceived "a deep laid scheme again to bring the Presbyterian Synod within the ranks of democracy". Arthur Wellesley (the future Duke of Wellington) concurred. The entire project
2880-464: The institution might also have been noted that in 1815 a list of books prepared for the literary department included works by the English radicals John Horne Tooke , William Godwin , Joseph Priestley and Thomas Belsham . But, perhaps convinced that in the face of the "Catholic democracy" conjured by the great "Emancipator" Daniel O'Connell the republican spirit of Ulster Presbyterianism was sufficiently cooled, by 1831 government had not only restored
2944-440: The instruction of both sexes... " The scheme was ambitious, comprising a school department for boys and a collegiate department in which both young men and women could receive lectures and instruction in the natural sciences, classics, modern languages, English literature and medicine. In 1808, it was further proposed that facilities should be provided for professors of divinity responsible to their respective denominations, so that
3008-462: The jazz band, and the string group. The school sponsors 74th Belfast (RBAI) Scout Group which opened on 12 February 1926. The first Group Scoutmaster was William (Billy) Greer who led the group for 38 years. One of the first patrol leaders, Wilfred M Brennan, became Chief Commissioner for Northern Ireland. In 1929, the group was so large it contained three troops. War time saw a former assistant scoutmaster, John Haire, killed when his Hurricane fighter
3072-623: The land to the institution and, on 3 July 1810, laid its foundation stone. The eminent English architect John Soane , who designed the new Bank of England in 1788, prepared drawings free of charge. A total of £25,000 was raised: £5,000 in India under the patronage of the Governor-General , Earl of Moira, Francis Rawdon-Hastings , the balance largely from Belfast merchants and businessmen able to nominate in return one boy to receive free education. The funds, however, sufficed to erect only one, comparatively plain brown-brick, section of Soane's intended stucco and Doric-column quadrangle. The institution
3136-415: The main site in College Square, situated in the North Wing. In 1917, the board of governors opened a new preparatory school, with a small boarding department, Inchmarlo, in south Belfast, in Marlborough Park North. In 1935, Inchmarlo transferred from Marlborough Park to its present site at Mount Randal in Cranmore Park. The preparatory school is an integral part of The Royal Belfast Academical Institution. In
3200-408: The most recent to the Netherlands in 2006. In January 2007 the team came runners-up in the Irish Schools Water Polo Championships. Football is played at Inst with three senior teams competing in league and cup competitions. Since 2010 the swimming team has won the Bath Cup three times, the Otter Medley Cup twice and the Otter Challenge Cup four times. Musical groups include the choir, the orchestra,
3264-407: The north of the district has areas that suffer economic deprivation, including Donegall Road , Sandy Row and 'the Markets' . Laganbank was created for the 1985 local elections. The Shaftesbury ward had previously been in Area F , Stranmillis and Botanic wards in Area C and Rosetta and Ballynafeigh wards in Area A . For the 2014 local elections, the district was abolished. With the exception of
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#17330861560483328-412: The rear quad and a barrage balloon was anchored to the middle of the front lawn. The serious civil disorder affecting Belfast in the 1970s and 1980s was a considerable challenge to RBAI as a city centre school. The Europa , close to the school, was reputedly "the most bombed hotel in the world", having been hit 36 times. RBAI had regular bomb alerts, causing the entire school to evacuate and assemble on
3392-402: The school's only Catholic pupil. In the 1830s Henry Cooke and other leading Protestant evangelicals had been instrumental in defeating the prospects for integrated education. When the Dublin Castle administration sought to provide Ireland, "in advance of anything available at that time in England", a system of grant-aided non-denominational National Schools . Cooke, at once scented danger in
3456-428: The summer months; badminton, fencing, rowing, squash and swimming (including water polo and life-saving) take place throughout the year. Teams representing the school take part not only in matches and activities within the province, but also in events open to all schools in the United Kingdom. The 1st XI has featured in the finals of all three competitions they enter (The Irish Schools Tournament, The McCullough Cup and
3520-435: The task, and beginning with Burma , of helping wind up the Empire in several of its territories. Over 700 old boys of the school served in the various theatres of the World War I . 132 of them died. Until the end of the nineteenth century, RBAI did not have a principal or a headmaster. The academic and administrative direction of the school had remained in the hands of a group of senior teachers (the headmasters) who sat on
3584-450: The tenants rights movement. Cooke denounced them for undermining, not only property, but also the Union by sharing platforms with Catholics intent on restoring a parliament in Dublin . His worst fears were realised in David Bell who, forced to resign his ministry and despairing of constitutional methods, was sworn into Irish Republican Brotherhood by Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa . Several campaigning newspaper editors were also students of
3648-409: The yard manager. In 1889, they were joined by another Instonian, Thomas Andrews , who became head of the draughting department. All of them were involved in the design and construction of what in their day were the largest ships afloat, the Oceanic II in 1899, and Olympic in 1911 and its sister ship the Titanic , with which Andrews went down on its lll-fated maiden voyage in 1912. Beginning in
3712-477: Was "democratical"—pervaded by "the republican spirit of the Presbyterians". William Bruce and his friends mocked the proposed system of governance, comparing it to revolutionary French constitutions that had excited debate in Belfast in the 1790s. It was a "machine", they suggested, "so full of checks that it will not move". The sovereign body of the institution was as an annual general meeting of subscribers. They elected both boards of managers and visitors, but with
3776-407: Was an expression his resolve, in the wake of the 1798 rebellion , to "be content to get the substance of reform more slowly" and with "proper preparation of manners or principles"." He was joined by leading Belfast merchants and professional men. These included the former United Irishmen Robert Simms and Robert Caldwell, who had been among the proprietors of the United Irish paper, Northern Star ;
3840-429: Was formally opened on 1 February 1814. In his address at the opening of the grammar school on 1 February 1814, Drennan promised that "the mysterious veil that makes one knowledge for the learned and another for the vulgar... would be torn down". Admission would be "perfectly unbiased by religious distinctions" (Drennan counted among his subscribers Fr. William Crolly , who as Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh in 1831
3904-437: Was shot down on 6 May 1940. His family donated an annual prize for scouting activity. By 1945, 205 out of 430 former members had served in the armed forces or in the merchant navy. A memorial cairn was built on Bessy Bell near Baronscourt in County Tyrone to commemorate the 18 old boys who were killed in the war. There is a memorial plaque in Baronscourt Parish Church. In 1940, JH Grummit became school principal and later became
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#17330861560483968-417: Was to emerge in the 20th century as RBAI's closest rival and competitor. The dramatist and novelist F. Frankfort Moore , attending RBAI in the 1860s, recalls "not half a dozen Roman Catholic boys". St Malachy's Catholic diocesan college had opened its doors in 1833. A study sample of 96 members of the Belfast's mid-nineteenth-century civic elite—leading figures in trade, industry and the professions—found
4032-503: Was to leave the town an important enlightenment legacy in the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society . Formed by staff and scholars in 1821, the society is the origin of both the Botanical Gardens and what is now the Ulster Museum . Among the early graduates of the Institution was William Tennent's nephew, Robert Tennent , who in the 1820s was a member of John Stuart Mill 's London Debating Society. Together with his friend James Emerson (Belfast Academy), he joined Byron in
4096-563: Was to support the government's plans for non-denominational National Schools ). Fees would be held "as low as possible". More startling for the times, discipline would rely on "example" rather than on "manual correction of corporal punishment". This may have owed something to the example of an earlier Belfast schoolmaster whose portrait was to hang in the new institution, David Manson . As recounted by Drennan, in his Donegall Street school in 1760s Manson had banished "drudgery and fear" by teaching children on "the principle of amusement". When in
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