48-442: The Ballantyne Press was founded in 1799 by James Ballantyne and his brother John Ballantyne . James was particularly noted for his friendship with Sir Walter Scott who partially financed the printer after he moved his press to Edinburgh in 1803. This article about a publishing company is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . James Ballantyne James Ballantyne (15 January 1772 – 26 January 1833)
96-564: A brother of the Duke of Norfolk , was hurt in the cheek by an English arrow. In the 1560s, several servants of Mary, Queen of Scots , formed relationships with women in the Canongate. The church authority, the Kirk Session, disapproved of them as fornicators, as they mostly had no plans for marriage. Some of the women were made to stand at the burgh cross with bared heads for three hours. After Mary
144-558: A cannon close to the gate. After three or four rounds, the gate was breached and the English army stormed through killing 300 or 400 defenders. The Scottish heavy guns were withdrawn from the High Street into the Castle. According to a report sent to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , the English troops were unused to urban warfare and fought amongst each other on the High Street, and William Howard ,
192-437: A corner on printing legal stationery and official documents, debts continued to mount. Scott had been borrowing money to build Abbotsford House , his personal residence, instead of putting the money towards their debt. After this change in circumstance James moved to a new house at 3 Heriot Row : a ground floor and basement house within the end pavilion. A collapse of the financial and publishing industries in 1825–26, led to
240-482: A house in the Canongate. When James VI returned to Edinburgh in 1579 after spending his childhood at Stirling Castle , some courtiers including the master of his wine cellar, Jerome Bowie , acquired houses in the Canongate. The accession of King James VI to the throne of England in 1603 began the long and slow decline of the Canongate. The loss of the royal court from the Holyrood Palace inevitably affected
288-574: A large gasworks. Archaeological excavations have shown that it was at this time many of the back gardens were turned into industrial sites. The Canongate was an important district during the Scottish Enlightenment partly because of the presence of the Canongate Theatre (1746-1786), of which one of the proprietors was Lord Monboddo . The philosopher David Hume performed in a play staged there. Writing in 1824, Robert Chambers said of
336-402: A reference to the royal lodgings in the reign of James IV , but they were first converted to palace buildings by James V in 1525. Archaeological excavations in 1999 and 2000 found part of the medieval boundary ditch. It is thought to run underneath and follow the route of Holyrood road. There appears to have been one created in the 12th century that was then filled in and a new one created in
384-405: A resurgence of the area's vitality with the Canongate becoming the centre of Scottish political life . Although modern development is arguably of high quality it fails to reflect the traditional character of the area. The Royal Mile Primary School, formerly known as Milton House Public School, is a non-denominational state school that provides primary education for 5- to 11-year-old children. It
432-541: A start to Scott's writing career. This was the beginning of a partnership that would continue until Scott's death in 1832. Impressed with the typographical excellence of the first two published pamphlets, Scott offered James the rights to publish a collection of Border ballads that he had begun collecting. This collection was printed in 1802 as Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border , which garnered great acclaim across England. It brought amazement that such quality printing
480-418: A very big part in the success of Scott as a novelist. Not only did he print all of his works, he would also act as an editor. James would proofread, point out inconsistencies in the text details, fix grammatical and punctuation errors, give the whole work a scrubbing and offer advice on language and style. James was a personal agent and partner. Scott trusted James to make edits and amendments even throughout
528-610: Is also the location of Moray House , the Education department of the University of Edinburgh (formerly Moray House College of Education). It comprises a number of buildings centred on St. John Street, some of which are historic, whilst others are purpose built. A number of other university buildings including the Pleasance student union building and the Centre for Sport and Exercise are located in
SECTION 10
#1733092311789576-549: The Canongate by James Crommie in 1665. James Leblanc made mirrors, and argued with Sarah Dalrymple, who had a business painting furniture and mirrors in the Japan style , over a possible monopoly on glass for mirrors and lighting sconces. The union of the parliaments in 1707 also affected the area, as up until then Edinburgh had been the location of the Parliament of Scotland with
624-628: The Rough Wooing , the English army under Lord Hertford attacked and burnt Edinburgh . The English Master of Ordnance, Christopher Morris , brought artillery up the Canongate to assault Edinburgh's Netherbow Gate. During this operation some of the English gunners were killed. The English infantry attacked the gate and, according to the English narrative, pulled one of the Scottish artillery pieces through its gunloop. The Scots could not retaliate due to heavy small arms fire and archery, during which Morris placed
672-730: The Scottish Parliament Building complex, Huntly House (now the Museum of Edinburgh ), the Canongate Tolbooth (now housing the People's Story Museum ) and the Canongate Kirk , opened in 1691 replacing Holyrood Abbey as the parish church of the Canongate. The church is still used for Sunday services as well as weekday concerts. The Canongate owes its existence to the establishment of Holyrood Abbey in 1128. King David I, who established
720-406: The redevelopment of former industrial land to the north of the Canongate , once occupied by Victorian gasworks and a later bus garage, has proved controversial, partly due to the original proposal, now abandoned, to demolish some of the replacement buildings from the 1930s. Above all, the construction of the new Scottish Parliament Building on the site of the old Younger's Abbey Brewery has led to
768-515: The 13th/14th century with palisade added to it. The archaeologists also found evidence of the 'city walls' that were built in 1513. Those walls were meant be boundaries but not defensive. Those attacking Edinburgh generally stormed through the Water-Yett (Water Gate) and took possession of the Canongate. They then would attempt to assault Edinburgh through the Netherbow Port. In May 1544, during
816-485: The 1930s and Sir Robert Hurd in the 1950s in traditional style replicating original facades. Another scheme, completed in 1969, by the Basil Spence practice was in modern style but in proportion to surrounding buildings. Due to the redevelopments of the 1950s/60s the overcrowded and impoverished area suffered from serious depopulation. From the 1960s onwards the Canongate area became notably less industrial, with all of
864-530: The Abbey, gave the surrounding area to the Augustinian canons then resident at Edinburgh Castle in the form of a regality . The King also gave leave to the canons to establish a burgh between the abbey and Edinburgh, and as it was the only burgh within the regality it was given the status of burgh of regality of Canongate. The area originally controlled by the abbey included the lands of Broughton , areas around
912-456: The Canongate providing a fashionable suburb for the dwellings of the political class. The North Bridge , finally opened in 1772, provided a new and more convenient route from Edinburgh to the port of Leith effectively bypassing the Canongate which had until then been the main route from Edinburgh to Leith via Easter Road causing even more neglect to the residential area which was gradually taken over by industrial premises including breweries and
960-466: The Canongate, "As the main avenue from the palace into the city, it has borne upon its pavements the burden of all that was beautiful, all that was gallant, all that has become historically interesting in Scotland for the last six or seven hundred years". Sir Walter Scott writing in 1827 stated; " Sic itur ad Astra ; This is the path to heaven. Such is the ancient motto attached to the armorial bearings of
1008-456: The Canongate, and which is inscribed, with greater or less propriety, upon all the public buildings, from the church to the pillory, in the ancient quarter of Edinburgh which bears, or rather once bore, the same relation to the Good Town that Westminster does to London". The area has seen various attempts at improvements and slum clearance , including various schemes by Ebenezer James MacRae in
SECTION 20
#17330923117891056-483: The Pleasance and North Leith , giving the canons access to a port. In 1380, the Canogate, lying outwith the city walls of Edinburgh, was largely destroyed by fire at the hands of the English army under Richard II. Holyrood Palace was developed from the 14th century onwards as successive monarchs made increasing use of the Abbey for political events such as parliaments and royal councils. The word "Pallais" appears in
1104-507: The abolishment of the burgh of Canongate in 1856, can still be seen in many locations in and around the district, including on Edinburgh's mercat cross where they appear alongside the royal arms of Britain, Scotland, England and Ireland, the burgh arms of Edinburgh and Leith, and the arms of the University. The motto is Sic itur ad astra meaning 'thus you shall go to the stars', a quote from Virgil 's Aeneid . It appears in chapter 49 of
1152-493: The adjacent city of Edinburgh bought the feudal superiority of the Canongate but it remained a semi-autonomous burgh under its own administration of bailies chosen by Edinburgh magistrates, until its formal incorporation into the city in 1856. The burgh gained its name from the route that the canons of Holyrood Abbey took to Edinburgh—the canons' way or the canons' gait, from the Scots word gait meaning "way". In more modern times,
1200-561: The area historically covered by the Canongate. There were three crosses on the Canongate section of the Royal Mile . The ancient Mercat Cross (Market Cross) or Burgh Cross is shown on Gordon of Rothiemay's 1647 plan as being in the middle of the road nearly opposite the tolbooth. Gordon shows it as being similar to the Edinburgh Mercat Cross with the shaft and cross mounted on a stone gallery. The much-altered cross now stands in
1248-575: The bankruptcy of Archibald Constable 's publishing company, which published Scott's works, and also led to the failure of Ballantyne Press. This left James with responsibility for half of the company's debt, forcing him to sell his family valuables and new home. Scott publicly acknowledged his role in the business and used proceeds from his books to pay for the debts incurred. The debt was around £120,000. Christina died in 1829 leaving James devastated. Scott died on 21 September 1832, followed shortly after by James on 26 January 1833. James's home address at
1296-466: The breweries closing. Residential redevelopment began on former industrial sites in the 1990s and 2000s with flats, offices and other commercial operations being built south of the main road, reversing the decline in population. Whilst much of this development has a modern appearance, some attempt has been made in terms of layout to retain the "fishbone" pattern characteristic of the Royal Mile. As of 2006,
1344-540: The condition from her father that he was debt free. Scott relieved James from his debts in return for complete ownership of James Ballantyne and Co. and James would work as a salaried manager. He became theatre critic of the Edinburgh Evening Courant . In 1817, James, along with his brother-in-law George Hogarth , purchased the Edinburgh Weekly Journal where he acted as editor. His brother, John,
1392-465: The cross in 1600 when the young and beautiful Jean Kincaid (Lady Warriston) was beheaded by the Maiden for conspiring in the murder of her abusive husband. The coat of arms of the Canongate features a white hart 's head and a golden cross, recalling the old legend in which King David I was saved from goring from a stag by the sudden appearance of a holy cross. The arms, though technically obsolete since
1440-506: The eastern end is sometimes referred to as part of the Holyrood area of the city. The burgh of Canongate had a sometimes turbulent relationship with its neighbour, Edinburgh. The main reason for this was the continual battle over their exact boundaries up until their unification in 1856, an event which proved unpopular with the former's townsfolk. The Canongate contains several historic buildings including Queensberry House , now incorporated in
1488-427: The end of his life was 1 Hill Street in the centre of the city. Ballantyne Press was taken over by James's son, John Alexander Ballantyne, along with John Hughes. In December 1870, the press moved to Newington due to the growth of Waverley Edinburgh Station. The company's printing works ceased operations in 1916. James and Scott worked together for over 30 years and had a close, yet complex relationship. James played
Ballantyne Press - Misplaced Pages Continue
1536-459: The first time in 1783. Scott lived with his aunt briefly in Kelso when they met. They shared a love of literature. James went on to attend Edinburgh University to study law. He returned to Kelso in 1795 to become a solicitor . Although James was not raised in a printing family, he opened a printing office in 1796. On 13 April 1797, the first edition of the pro- Tory newspaper, The Kelso Mail ,
1584-563: The main eastern length of the Royal Mile while the district is the main eastern section of Edinburgh's Old Town . David I of Scotland , by the Great Charter of Holyrood Abbey c. 1143 , authorised the Abbey to found a burgh separate from Edinburgh between the Abbey and the city. The burgh of Canongate which developed was controlled by the Abbey until the Scottish Reformation , when it came under secular control. In 1636
1632-555: The production process. Scott nicknamed both brothers, James and John, after characters in Henry Carey 's burlesque Chrononhotonthologos . James was called Aldiborontiphoscophornio . James is the brother of John Ballantyne , who was his business partner at times. His wife's brother, George Hogarth , was a well-known music critic and writer. He was the uncle, through his younger brother Alexander, of R. M. Ballantyne , Scottish author and artist. His niece, Catherine Hogarth ,
1680-442: The religious writer, stayed with Peiris at the foot of the Canongate in 1650. She was told that it was a "civil house, and the best quality lay there that had not houses of their own". Goldsmiths including John Acheson , James Gray who sold pearls to Mary, Queen of Scots, and pistol-makers like John Kello had shops on the street, and in the 1590s there was a Flemish clockmaker, Abraham Wanweyneburgh. The mason Gilbert Cleuch had
1728-425: The south-east corner of Canongate Churchyard to the right hand side of the entrance to Canongate Kirk . The St John's Cross used to stand further up the Canongate to the west. The site is now marked by a maltese cross formed by coloured setts in the road surface near the top of St John's Street ( 55°57′04″N 3°10′54″W / 55.950975°N 3.181766°W / 55.950975; -3.181766 ). It
1776-639: The space too small with the amount of work coming in. He eventually settled his shop in Holyrood in 1805. Due to financial constraints despite the publisher's success, he joined into an ownership agreement with Scott who provided further capital. They had much success with the publishing of Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel , Marmion and a number of other best sellers. Ballantyne also printed several of James Hogg 's books, beginning with The Mountain Bard (1807). In 1815, James married Christina Hogarth, with
1824-465: The wealth of the surrounding area. Some aristocrats continued to live and build substantial houses and gardens on the street, including Mary Sutton, Countess of Home , whose townhouse, Old Moray House still survives in part. Canongate remained a centre for the manufacture and retail of luxury goods and domestic furnishings . Carnation striped worsted wool wall hangings for Newbiggin House were woven in
1872-512: The western limit of the Girth of Holyrood, "the greatest sanctuary in Scotland, and the last to disappear". It is shown on a map of the 1573 siege of Edinburgh, published in Holinshed's Chronicles in 1577, as an ornamental shaft elevated on a flight of steps and was not demolished until after 1767. In its shadow proclamations were read and executions were carried out. A notable execution took place next to
1920-463: Was forced to abdicate , there was civil war in Scotland . Her supporters in Scotland took control of Edinburgh Castle , and the king's party resided in the Canongate and at Leith. Regent Lennox lodged in the Canongate house of Cuthbert Ferguson in 1571. The house was protected from cannon shot with bags of wool and animal skins. There were several tennis courts in Edinburgh and the Canongate. One
1968-514: Was a Scottish solicitor , editor and publisher who worked for his friend Sir Walter Scott . His brother John Ballantyne (1774–1821) was also with the publishing firm, which is noted for the publication of the Novelist's Library (1820), and many works edited or written by Scott. James was born in Kelso, Scottish Borders in 1772, the oldest son in a family of successful merchants. He attended Kelso Grammar School where he met Sir Walter Scott for
Ballantyne Press - Misplaced Pages Continue
2016-603: Was being done in such a small town. After this success, Scott urged James to relocate to Edinburgh. After training his younger brother, Alexander, to run the Kelso Mail , James moved to Edinburgh in 1803 where he and Scott set up a publishing office that would publish Scott's works. Alexander would eventually purchase all the rights to the Kelso Mail in 1806. Scott loaned him £500 to help him get started and set up, which he did with two presses. These soon proved to be insufficient and
2064-549: Was close to the Palace, at the lodging of Henry Kinloch , and another was built nearby in 1623 by Alexander Peiris. Kinloch and Peiris also kept lodging houses, Kinloch hosted the French ambassador Rambouillet in February 1566. Rambouillet was entertained at the Palace by Mary, Queen of Scots in "maskrie and mumschance" during which her ladies were dressed in men's clothes. Anne Halkett ,
2112-485: Was designed in 1886 by Robert Wilson , architect for the Edinburgh Board of Education. Within the school, there is also a nursery which caters for 3- to 5-year-old children. As the school is so central to the Canongate community, its pupils are often involved in illustrious events at the Scottish parliament and Edinburgh Castle. It is used as a polling station for the constituents of Edinburgh Central. The Canongate
2160-750: Was known as St. John's Cross because it stood on property thought to belong to the Knights of St. John in the Middle Ages, and it marked the ancient boundary of that part of the Royalty of Edinburgh which lay outwith the Netherbow Port and the city wall . Where the Girth Cross, which has also been called the "Abbey" or "South" Cross at various times, once stood is now marked by a radiating circle of setts. ( 55°57′09″N 3°10′30″W / 55.95260°N 3.17492°W / 55.95260; -3.17492 ). It marked
2208-538: Was published in which James was also the editor. Due to the newspaper being only weekly, he desired to work with those in the literary field who could use his services on the days he wasn't printing the Mail . In 1799, he begged Scott to write a few paragraphs for the newspaper on legal questions of the day. Scott then persuaded James to publish books as well as newspapers. That same year, James secretly printed An Apology for Tales of Terror and The Eve of St John , which gave
2256-551: Was the musical and drama critic while George managed the finances. In 1820 he was living at 10 St John Street off the Canongate in Edinburgh's Old Town . Following the death of John Ballantyne in 1821, Scott promoted James from manager to personal agent and partner. This led to Alexander Ballantyne taking over the Weekly Journal as editor. While the company flourished, with business from both Scotland and England, and obtained
2304-515: Was the wife of Charles Dickens . The character Colbert (or 'Sleek Cobby') in John Paterson's Mare , James Hogg's allegorical satire on the Edinburgh publishing scene first published in the Newcastle Magazine in 1825, is based on James Ballantyne. Canongate The Canongate is a street and associated district in central Edinburgh , the capital city of Scotland . The street forms
#788211