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70-485: Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger ( 爆竜戦隊アバレンジャー , Bakuryū Sentai Abarenjā , Burstosaur Squadron Abaranger) is a Japanese Tokusatsu television show and Toei 's twenty-seventh production of the Super Sentai metaseries , and the first series to use TV Asahi's current logo . It aired from 16 February 2003, to 8 February 2004, replacing Ninpu Sentai Hurricanger , and was replaced by Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger . The program
140-558: A meteorite 's crash on Earth killed off the dinosaurs . In truth, it split Earth into two parallel universes . Dino Earth is an Earth where dinosaurs were still the superior species. Our Earth is referred to as Another Earth by the residents of Dino Earth. Over time, the Saurian and Bakuryū races came into being on Dino Earth. They were at war with the Evoliens, entities that emerged from the meteor. The two Earths are separate until Asuka, one of
210-423: A "Giraffe Zyuman" mask in reference to Zyuohger . Pachycephalosaurus Pachycephalosaurus ( / ˌ p æ k ɪ ˌ s ɛ f əl ə ˈ s ɔː r ə s / ; meaning "thick-headed lizard", from Greek pachys-/ παχύς- "thickness", kephalon/ κεφαλή "head" and sauros/ σαῦρος "lizard") is a genus of pachycephalosaurid ornithischian dinosaur . The type species , P. wyomingensis ,
280-517: A bulky body, long legs, and a heavy tail that was likely held rigid by ossified tendons . Pachycephalosaurus gives its name to Pachycephalosauria , a clade of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs that lived during the Late Cretaceous period in North America and Asia. Pachycephalosaurs were a part of Marginocephalia , thus being likely more closely related to the ceratopsians than
350-543: A century later and identified it as a squamosal (bone from the back of the skull) of Pachycephalosaurus , including a set of bony knobs corresponding to those found on other specimens of Pachycephalosaurus . Because the name Tylosteus predates Pachycephalosaurus , according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Tylosteus would normally be preferred. In 1985, Baird successfully petitioned to have Pachycephalosaurus used instead of Tylosteus because
420-588: A desert wasteland in an event known as the 200 Days of Darkness ( 闇の二百日 , Yami no Nihyaku-nichi ) . All episode titles contain the phrase "Abare" ( アバレ ) . On 5 October 2003 (the day that episode 32 aired) the show used TV Asahi's current logo and was integrated in the SUPER Hero Time program block. Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger Deluxe: Abare Summer Is Freezing Cold! ( 爆竜戦隊アバレンジャー DELUXE アバレサマーはキンキン中! , Bakuryū Sentai Abarenjā Derakkusu Abare Samā wa Kinkin Chū )
490-450: A different species, P. spinifer . This idea has been regarded as a way of interpretation by Mark Witton and Thomas Holtz. A phylogenetic analysis from 2021 by Evans and colleagues accepted the validity of the genus Stygimoloch on the basis of it being found in later rock layers than Pachycephalosaurus , but agreed with the consensus that Dracorex represents an ontogimorph of either Stygimoloch or Pachycephalosaurus instead of
560-502: A distinct taxon. However, David Evans himself noted in a Twitter post that he and his colleagues would also consider Stygimoloch as P. spinifer . Phylogenetic analyses by Evans and colleagues have been used to resolve the relationships within Pachycephalosauyridae, consistently finding Pachycephalosaurus as one of the most derived taxa closer to Prenocephale and Sphaerotholus than Stegoceras . The version of
630-556: A domed parietal attributable to Pachycephalosaurus were discovered in the Scollard Formation of Alberta , implying that the dinosaurs of this era were cosmopolitan and did not have discrete faunal provinces. The anatomy of Pachycephalosaurus itself is poorly known, as only skull remains have been described. Pachycephalosaurus is famous for having a large, bony dome on top of its skull, up to 25 cm (10 in) thick, which safely cushioned its brain. The dome's rear aspect
700-546: A handful of animated films such as Dragon Ball and Evangelion as well. Its dynamic image, as opposed to the mostly static logos of its competitors has helped make Toei's logo one of the most recognizable Japanese film company logo around the world. Toei started producing films in 1953. This list compiles the films by their original release date, their common English titles and Japanese titles. The Japanese titles are not necessarily direct translations of their English counterparts. For feature films, Toei established itself as
770-544: A juvenile Pachycephalosaurus , as has been recently proposed. In 1890 , during the Bone Wars between Othniel Charles Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope , one of Marsh's collectors, John Bell Hatcher , collected a partial left squamosal ( YPM VP 335) later referred to Stygimoloch spinifer near Lance Creek, Wyoming , in the Lance Formation. Marsh described the squamosal along with the dermal armor of Denversaurus as
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#1732887777360840-408: A mixed diet of leaves , seeds , and fruits . The sharp, serrated teeth would have been very effective for shredding plants. It has also been suspected to a degree that it may have included meat in its diet. The most complete fossil jaw shows that it had serrated blade-like front teeth, reminiscent of those of carnivorous theropods. Nearly all Pachycephalosaurus fossils have been recovered from
910-544: A nearly complete skull from the Hell Creek Formation of Ekalaka , Carter County , Montana. P. reinheimeri was based on what is now DMNS 469, a dome and a few associated elements from the Lance Formation of Corson County , South Dakota. They also referred the older species "Troodon" wyomingensis to their new genus. Their two newer species have been considered synonymous with P. wyomingensis since 1983 . In 2015 , some pachycephalosaurid material and
980-669: A number of years. However, in 2007 , they were proposed to be juvenile or female morphologies of Pachycephalosaurus . At that year's meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology , Jack Horner of Montana State University presented evidence, from analysis of the skull of the Dracorex specimen, that it may be a juvenile form of Stygimoloch . In addition to this, he presented data that indicates that both Stygimoloch and Dracorex may be juvenile forms of Pachycephalosaurus . Horner and M.B. Goodwin published their findings in 2009 , showing that
1050-514: A producer of B-movies , that were made to fit into double bills and triple bills. It is predominantly known in the west for its series of action films and television series. Saburō Yatsude ( 八手 三郎 , Yatsude Saburō , alternatively read as Saburo Hatte ) is a collective pseudonym used by Toei Company television producers, and formerly Toei Animation producers, when contributing to their various anime and tokusatsu series; similar to Bandai Namco Filmworks ' Hajime Yatate . The use of
1120-514: A rival directly, using intimidation displays to cow its rival. If intimidation failed, the Pachycephalosaurus would bend its head downward and to the side, striking the rival on its flank. This hypothesis is supported by the relatively broad torso of most pachycephalosaurs, which would have protected vital organs from trauma. The flank-butting theory was first proposed by Sues in 1978 and expanded upon by Ken Carpenter in 1997 . In 2012 ,
1190-544: A single skull, plus a few extremely thick skull roofs (at 22 cm or 9 in thick). More complete fossils would come to be found in the following years. Pachycephalosaurus was among the last species of non-avian dinosaurs on Earth before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event . The genus Tylosteus has been synonymized with Pachycephalosaurus , as have the genera Stygimoloch and Dracorex , in recent studies. Like other pachycephalosaurids, Pachycephalosaurus
1260-498: A study showed that cranial pathologies in a P. wyomingensis specimen were likely due to agonistic behavior . It was also proposed that similar damage in other pachycephalosaur specimens (previously explained as taphonomic artifacts and bone absorptions) may instead have been due to such behavior. Peterson et al. (2013) studied cranial pathologies among Pachycephalosauridae and found that 22% of all domes examined had lesions that are consistent with osteomyelitis , an infection of
1330-743: A support Bakuryū despite him being forced to aid Abare Killer. The Wicked Lifeforms Evolien ( 邪命体エヴォリアン , Jameitai Evorian ) are the main antagonists who originate from Dino Earth, residing in the Invasion Garden ( 侵略の園 , Shinryaku no Sono ) fortress with the Tree of Life ( 生命の樹 , Seimei no Ki ) as its core. Its leadership are the Dark Sect and they utilize amoeba-based Barmia Soldiers ( バーミア兵 , Bāmia-hei ) as their army, using Fortress Lifeform Anomalogaris ( 要塞生命体アノマロガリス , Yōsai Seimeitai Anomarogarisu ) battleships to turn Dino Earth into
1400-467: Is a 2003 film, which takes place between episodes 21 and 22 and was written by Naruhisa Arakawa and directed by Satoshi Morota. The trademark for the series was filed by Toei Company on 17 October 2002. Toei Company Toei Company, Ltd. ( 東映株式会社 , Tōei Kabushiki-gaisha , an acronym for Tōkyō Eiga Haikyū ( 東京映画配給 ) lit. ' Tokyo Film Distribution ' ; / ˈ t oʊ . eɪ / | simply known as Toei Company or Toei )
1470-559: Is a Japanese entertainment company. Headquartered in Ginza , Chūō, Tokyo , it is involved in film and television production, distribution, video game development, publishing, and ownership of 34 movie theaters. Toei also owns and operates studios in Tokyo and Kyoto and holds shares in several television companies. The company is renowned for its production of anime and live-action dramas known as tokusatsu , which incorporate special visual effects. It
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#17328877773601540-596: Is a pioneer in the use of "Henshin"/"character transformation" in live-action martial-arts dramas, a technique developed for the Kamen Rider , Metal Hero and Super Sentai series; the genre currently continues with Kamen Rider and Super Sentai . Toei's predecessor, the Toyoko Eiga Company, Ltd. ( 東横映画 , Tō-Yoko Eiga , "Toyoko Films") , was incorporated in 1938. It was founded by Keita Goto , CEO of Tokyo-Yokohama Electric Railway [ ja ] ,
1610-483: Is also known for producing period dramas. Toei is the majority shareholder of Toei Animation and is recognized for its franchises such as Kamen Rider and Super Sentai . Toei is one of the four members of the Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan (MPPAJ 日本映画製作者連盟), and is therefore one of Japan's Big Four film studios, alongside Kadokawa Daiei Studio , Shochiku and Toho . Toei
1680-491: Is also used as a contributor to the soundtracks for the series. Toei Animation stopped using Saburo Yatsude in 1999, and they began to use Izumi Todo instead. The first anime that was created by Izumi Todo was Ojamajo Doremi . In the Unofficial Sentai Akibaranger series, Saburo Hatte is an actual person who is godlike within the fictional reality that the show takes place in. In fact, his hand appears at
1750-402: Is seen with today's bighorn sheep or muskoxen (with male animals routinely charging and head-butting each other for dominance). This hypothesis has actually been highly disputed in recent years. Remains attributable to Pachycephalosaurus may have been found as early as the 1850s. As determined by Donald Baird , in 1859 or 1860 , Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden , an early fossil collector in
1820-508: Is the only known species , but some researchers argue that Stygimoloch might be a second species, P. spinifer , or a juvenile specimen of P. wyomingensis . It lived during the Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period in what is now western North America . Remains have been excavated in Montana , South Dakota , Wyoming , and Alberta . The species is known mainly from
1890-476: The Lance Formation and Hell Creek Formation of the northwestern United States. Pachycephalosaurus possibly coexisted alongside additional pachycephalosaur species of the genera Sphaerotholus , as well as Dracorex and Stygimoloch , though these last two genera may represent different growth stages of Pachycephalosaurus itself. Other dinosaurs that shared its time and place include Thescelosaurus ,
1960-675: The ornithopods . Pachycephalosaurus is the most famous member of Pachycephalosauria, even if it is not the best-preserved member. The clade also includes Stenopelix , Wannanosaurus , Goyocephale , Stegoceras , Homalocephale , Tylocephale , Sphaerotholus , and Prenocephale . Within the tribe Pachycephalosaurini , Pachycephalosaurus is most closely related to Alaskacephale . Dracorex and Stygimoloch have also been synonymized with Pachycephalosaurus . In 2010 , Gregory S. Paul proposed that, while Stygimoloch and Dracorex possibly represent different growth stages of Pachycephalosaurus , Stygimoloch might represent
2030-538: The 50th anniversary of the Kamen Rider Series. Tezuka undertakes major structural reorganization in 2022 before passing in 2023, when Fumio Yoshimura became Toei's 7th president & chief executive officer. The characters that make up Toei ( 東映 , Tōei , "East Reflection") are the result of a portmanteau of Toei predecessor " To yoko Ei ga", and first seen in Toyoko Eiga's logo of a stylized triangle with
2100-660: The Abarangers to utilize Dino Guts ( ダイノガッツ , Daino Gattsu ) , a form of natural energy tied to evolution and courage, to assume a feral Abare Mode ( アバレモード , Abare Mōdo ) . Their shared arsenal includes the AbaLaser ( アバレイザー , Abareizā ) sidearms, which can switch between Gun Mode ( ガンモード , Gan Mōdo ) and Sword Mode ( ソードモード , Sōdo Mōdo ) , and the Ride Raptor ( ライドラプター , Raido Raputā ) steeds. The primary Abarangers can combine their personal weapons to form
2170-537: The American West, collected a bone fragment in the vicinity of the head of the Missouri River , from what is now known to be the Lance Formation of southeastern Montana. This specimen, ANSP 8568, was described by Joseph Leidy in 1872 as belonging to the dermal armor of a reptile or an armadillo -like animal. It became known as Tylosteus . Its actual nature was not revealed until Baird studied it again over
Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger - Misplaced Pages Continue
2240-746: The Dino Bomber ( ダイノボンバー , Daino Bonbā ) cannon in order to perform either the Hissatsu: Dino Dynamite ( 必殺ダイノダイナマイト , Hissatsu Daino Dainamaito ) finisher or a variation with the Ride Raptors called the Hissatsu: Riding Dynamite ( 必殺ライディングダイナマイト , Hissatsu Raidingu Dainamaito ) . It can also combine with Abare Black's Dino Thruster to form the Super Dino Bomber ( スーパーダイノボンバー , Sūpā Daino Bonbā ) in order to perform
2310-467: The Evoliens. The primary members transform using the Dino Braces ( ダイノブレス , Daino Buresu ) with the command "Bakuryū Change!" ( 爆竜チェンジ! , Bakuryū Chenji! ) to equip Attack Bandit Resistance Suits ( アタック・バンテッド・レジスタンス・スーツ , Atakku Bantetto Rejisutansu Sūtsu ) that make them impervious to bullets, radiation and heat, and absorb ninety percent of the damage if hit by a missile. It also enables
2380-638: The Hissatsu: Super Dino Dynamite ( 必殺スーパーダイノダイナマイト , Hissatsu Sūpā Daino Dainamaito ) finisher, as well as combine with Abare Killer's Wing Pentact to form the Superior Dino Bomber ( スーペリアダイノボンバー , Sūperia Daino Bonbā ) in order to perform the Hissatsu: Superior Dino Dynamite ( 必殺スーペリアダイノダイナマイト , Hissatsu Sūperia Daino Dainamaito ) finisher. During the events of Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger vs. Hurricaneger ,
2450-536: The Kyoto studio from Daiei. In 1956, Toei establishes an animation division, Toei Animation Company, Limited at the former Tokyo-Ōizumi animation studio, purchasing the assets of Japan Animated Films ( 日本動画映画 , Nihon Dōga Eiga , often shortened to 日動映画 (Nichidō Eiga)) . Toei also bid on a license to start an education-focused TV station in 1956, which resulted in their part-ownership of Nippon Educational Television Co., now known as TV Asahi . Shigeru Okada becomes
2520-448: The Lance. The tooth was named Palaeoscinus latus , but in 1990 , Coombs found the tooth to be from a pachycephalosaurid , possibly even Pachycephalosaurus itself. Hatcher also collected several additional teeth and skull fragments while working for Marsh, though these have yet to be described. P. wyomingensis , the type and currently only valid species of Pachycephalosaurus ,
2590-527: The Saurians from Dino Earth, arrives on Earth via a trans-dimensional portal. However, he is followed by the Evoliens in their Anomalocaris spaceship and the three Bakuryū under their control. As the Bakuryū Tyrannosaurus, Ptreranodon, and Triceratops attack Tokyo, a call is sent out to three destined ones who possess Dino Guts to gain the power to tame the three beasts. Together with their Bakuryū partners,
2660-1255: The Super Dino Bomber combines with the Victory Gadget used by the Hurricanegers and Gouraigers to form the Super Dino Victory ( スーパーダイノビクトリー , Sūpā Daino Bikutorī ) in order to perform the Hissatsu: Victory Dino Dynamite ( 必殺ビクトリーダイノダイナマイト , Hissatsu Bikutorī Daino Dainamaito ) finisher. The primary Abarangers' Bakuryū partners can combine to form AbarenOh ( アバレンオー , Abaren'ō ) , whose limbs can be swapped with other Bakuryū: Bakuryū Bachycelonagurus ( 爆竜バキケロナグルス , Bakuryū Bakikeronagurusu ) , nicknamed Bachycelo ( バキケロ , Bakikero ) , Bakuryū Dimenokodon ( 爆竜ディメノコドン , Bakuryū Dimenokodon ) , nicknamed Dimenoko ( ディメノコ ) , Bakuryū Parasarokkiru ( 爆竜パラサロッキル , Bakuryū Parasarokkiru ) , nicknamed Parasa ( パラサ ) , and Bakuryū Ankyloveilus ( 爆竜アンキロベイルス , Bakuryū Ankirobeirusu ) , nicknamed Ankylo ( アンキロ , Ankiro ) . They also had Bakuryū Stegoslidon ( 爆竜ステゴスライドン , Bakuryū Sutegosuraidon ) , nicknamed Stego ( ステゴ , Sutego ) , as
2730-555: The analysis published by Woodruff and colleagues in 2023 is below. Wannanosaurus Hanssuesia Colepiocephale Stegoceras validum Stegoceras novomexicanum Goyocephale Homalocephale Tylocephale Foraminacephale Amtocephale Acrotholus Prenocephale Alaskacephale Stygimoloch Pachycephalosaurus S. goodwini S. lyonsi S. triregnum S. buchholtzae S. edmontonensis Aside from Pachycephalosaurus itself, two other pachycephalosaurs were described from
2800-424: The back of the skull. As the animal grew, the horns shrunk and rounded out as the dome grew. Pachycephalosaurus was bipedal and possibly the largest of all pachycephalosaurids. It has been estimated that Pachycephalosaurus was about 4.5 metres (14.8 ft) long and weighed about 370–450 kilograms (820–990 lb). Based on other pachycephalosaurids, it probably had a fairly short, thick neck, short arms,
2870-470: The body armor of Triceratops in 1892 , believing that the squamosal was a spike akin to the plates on Stegosaurus . The squamosal spike was even featured in Charles Knight 's painting of Cope's ceratopsid Agathaumas , likely based on Marsh's hypothesis. Marsh also named a species of now- dubious ankylosaur Palaeoscincus in 1892 based on a single tooth (YPM 4810), also collected by Hatcher from
Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger - Misplaced Pages Continue
2940-424: The bone resulting from penetrating trauma or trauma to the tissue overlying the skull that lead to an infection of the bone tissue. This high rate of pathology lends more support to the hypothesis that pachycephalosaurid domes were employed in intra-specific combat. Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis specimen BMR P2001.4.5 was observed to have 23 lesions in its frontal bone and P. wyomingensis specimen DMNS 469
3010-554: The cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae show that the neck was carried in an S- or U-shaped curve, rather than a straight orientation and that it might have been unfit for transmitting stress from direct head-butting. Lastly, the rounded shape of the skull would lessen the contacted surface area during head-butting, resulting in glancing blows. Alternatively, Pachycephalosaurus and other pachycephalosaurids may have engaged in flank-butting during intraspecific combat. In this scenario, an individual may have stood roughly parallel or faced
3080-545: The characters of 東 and 映 near the top. The logo was carried over by Toei following its merger of Toyoko and Ōizumi in 1951. A black & white version of Toei's now iconic Wild Waves and Rocks (荒磯に波) opening credit was first used in 1954 on the Utaemon Ichikawa classic, The Idle Vassal: House of the Mysterious Phantom . It would be first seen in color in 1961 and has since been reshot with several iterations of
3150-422: The company purchased Ōizumi Films. The current iteration of Toei was established on April 1, 1951 with Hiroshi Okawa as the first president. Through the merger, they gained the combined talents and experience of actors Chiezō Kataoka , Utaemon Ichikawa , Ryunosuke Tsukigata , Ryūtarō Ōtomo , Kinnosuke Nakamura , Chiyonosuke Azuma , Shirunosuke Toshin, Hashizo Okawa , and Satomi Oka . In 1955, Toei purchases
3220-742: The direct predecessor to the Tokyu Corporation . It had erected its facilities immediately east of the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line ; they managed the prewar Tōkyū Shibuya Yokohama studio system . From 1945 through the Toei merger, Tokyo-Yokohama Films leased from the Daiei Motion Picture Company a second studio in Kyoto. On October 1, 1950, the Tokyo Film Distribution Company was incorporated as a subsidiary of Toyoko Eiga; in 1951
3290-469: The end of the first half of the series to cover the camera lens and end the show, later having the second half be made under Malseena's influence while in the hospital in the real world. In the Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger spinoff, Super Animal War' s third episode, he is portrayed by Jun Hikasa. On April 3, 2016, an unknown Toei staff member going by Saburo Yatsude was interviewed while wearing
3360-424: The family Troodontidae , a misconception which was not corrected until 1945 by Charles M. Sternberg . In 1943 , Barnum Brown and Erich Maren Schlaikjer , with newer, more complete material, established the genus Pachycephalosaurus . They named two species: Pachycephalosaurus grangeri , the type species of their new genus, and Pachycephalosaurus reinheimeri . P. grangeri was based on AMNH 1696,
3430-432: The frequency of lesion distribution and the bone structure of frontoparietal domes lends strong support to the hypothesis that pachycephalosaurids used their unique cranial structures for agonistic behavior. CT scan comparisons of the skulls of Stegoceras validum , Prenocephale prenes , and several head-striking artiodactyls have also supported pachycephalosaurids as being well-equipped for head-butting. Micro-CT scans of
3500-532: The hypothesis that all flat-skulled pachycephalosaur species were juveniles of the dome-headed adults, such as Goyocephale and Homalocephale . The discovery of baby skulls assigned to Pachycephalosaurus that were described in 2016 from two different bone beds in the Hell Creek Formation has been presented as further evidence for this hypothesis. The fossils, as described by David Evans and Mark Goodwin et al are identical to all three supposed genera in
3570-422: The idea of P. spinifer . It has been widely hypothesized for decades that Pachycephalosaurus and its relatives were the ancient, bipedal equivalents of bighorn sheep or musk oxen , where male individuals would ram each other headlong and that they would horizontally straighten their head, neck, and body in order to transmit stress during ramming. However, there have also been alternative suggestions that
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#17328877773603640-481: The latest Cretaceous of the northwestern United States: Stygimoloch spinifer ("thorny Moloch of the Styx ") and Dracorex hogwartsia ("dragon king of Hogwarts "). The former is only known from a juvenile skull with a reduced dome and large spikes, while the latter, also known from only a juvenile skull, had a seemingly flat head with short horns. Due to their unique head ornamentation, they were seen as separate species for
3710-415: The latter name had not been used for over fifty years, was based on undiagnostic materials, and had poor geographic and stratigraphic information. This may not be the end of the story, however. Robert Sullivan suggested in 2006 that ANSP 8568 is more like the corresponding bone of Dracorex than that of Pachycephalosaurus . The issue is of uncertain importance, though, if Dracorex actually represents
3780-563: The over-the-counter market of the Japan Securities Dealers Association . In 2011, Shigeru Okada, then chairperson emeritus, passes away, as Yusuke Okada and Noriyuki Tada become chairperson and president & chief executive officer of Toei in 2014. Osamu Tezuka (no relation to the animator of the same name who also directed films with Toei) became president and chief executive officer of Toei in 2020, as Noriyuki Tada succeeds Okada as chairperson and Toei celebrates
3850-412: The pachycephalosaurid specimen, identified as cf. Foraminacephale brevis , also support that pachycephalosaurids likely engaged in head-butting. Scientists do not yet know what these dinosaurs ate. Having very small, ridged teeth, they could not have chewed tough, fibrous plants like flowering shrubs as effectively as other dinosaurs of the same period. It is assumed that pachycephalosaurs lived on
3920-414: The pachycephalosaurs could not have used their domes in this way. The primary argument that has been raised against head-butting is that the skull roof may not have adequately sustained impact associated with ramming, as well as a lack of definitive evidence of scars or other damage on fossilized Pachycephalosaurus skulls. However, more recent analyses have uncovered such damage (see below). Furthermore,
3990-622: The pen name began with The Kagestar and has been used throughout the Super Sentai (in the adapted Power Rangers series starting with Ninja Storm , the credits list Saburo Hatte. Before this, the credits listed "Original Concepts by Saburo Yatsude") and Metal Hero Series as well as for Spider-Man , Choukou Senshi Changéríon , Video Warrior Laserion , Chōdenji Robo Combattler V , Chōdenji Machine Voltes V , Tōshō Daimos , Daltanious , Space Emperor God Sigma , Beast King GoLion and Kikou Kantai Dairugger XV . The name
4060-452: The placement of the rugose knobs on their skulls, and the unique features of Stygimoloch and Dracorex are thus instead morphologically consistent features on a Pachycephalosaurus growth curve. It has been noted that morphological differences between Stygimoloch and Pachycephalosaurus may also partly be due to slight stratigraphic differences. The few Stygimoloch specimens that have reliable stratigraphic data were all collected from
4130-545: The president & chief executive officer of Toei in 1971 and oversaw the adoptions of Toei's new business venture distributing foreign films in Japan in 1972. In 1975, Toei opens the Toei Kyoto Studio Park . Toei Kyoto Studio's history reaches back to 1926 when Bando Tsumasaburo first developed a studio in what is now Uzumasa . Mitsuo Makino took over the property following the war in partnership with Toyoko Eiga and
4200-449: The same rocks in the 70 years since it was first used. The image features the Toei logo superimposed over a scene from Cape Inubō in Chiba, of three rocks in the surf beyond the beach as waves crash over the rocks. It has been seen in front of most live-action film & television produced and distributed by Toei, such as Street Fighter , Battle Royale , and Power Rangers , as well as in
4270-533: The spike and skull dome bones of all three "species" exhibit extreme plasticity and that both Dracorex and Stygimoloch are known only from juvenile specimens, while Pachycephalosaurus is known only from adult specimens. These observations, in addition to the fact that all three forms lived in the same time and place, led them to conclude that Dracorex and Stygimoloch were simply juvenile Pachycephalosaurus , which lost spikes and grew domes as they aged. A 2010 study by Nick Longrich and colleagues also supported
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#17328877773604340-515: The three become Abarangers to protect their dimension from the Evoliens. In time, another Abaranger appears, takes the name Abare Killer, and fights the others while the Evoliens carry out their ultimate goal: the resurrection of their god. The eponymous Abarangers are a group of initially three humans from Another Earth ( アナザーアース , Anazā Āsu ) who fight with the Bakuryū ( 爆竜 ) , evolved dinosaurs from Dino Earth ( ダイノアース , Daino Āsu ) , to battle
4410-480: The upper part of the Hell Creek Formation, whereas Pachycephalosaurus morphs were all collected from the lower part. This has also led to suggestions that Stygimoloch might represent its own species, P. spinifer . In their 2021 redescription of Sinocephale bexelli , Evans and his colleageues treated Stygimoloch (but not Dracorex ) as a separate taxon based on their phylogenetic analysis. However, Evans himself has noted that he and his colleagues support
4480-400: Was a bipedal herbivore , possessing long, strong legs and somewhat small arms with five-fingered hands. Pachycephalosaurus is the largest-known pachycephalosaur, known for having an extremely thick, slightly domed skull roof; visually, the structure of the skull suggests a ‘ battering ram ' function in life, evolved for use as a defensive mechanism or intra-species combat, similar to what
4550-570: Was absorbed along with Toyoko during Toei's merger. Shigeru Okada becames chairperson as Tan Takaiwa succeeds him as president & chief executive officer in 1993, establishing Toei Satellite TV Co., Ltd. and creates Toei Channel in 1998. Asahi National Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (currently TV Asahi Holdings Corporation) is listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 2000, as shares of Toei Animation Co., Ltd. are listed on
4620-488: Was an absence of pathology. This would support the hypothesis that these individuals represent either females or juveniles, where intra-specific combat behavior is not expected. Histological examination reveals that pachycephalosaurid domes are composed of a unique form of fibrolamellar bone that contains fibroblasts , which play a critical role in wound healing and are capable of rapidly depositing bone during remodeling. Peterson et al. (2013) concluded that, taken together,
4690-544: Was edged with bony knobs and short bony spikes projected upwards from the snout. However, the spikes were probably blunted, not sharp. The skull was short and possessed large, rounded eye sockets that faced forward, suggesting that the animal had binocular vision . Pachycephalosaurus had a small muzzle that ended in a pointed beak. The teeth were tiny, with leaf-shaped crowns. The head was supported by an S- or U-shaped neck. Younger individuals of Pachycephalosaurus might have had flatter skulls and larger horns projecting from
4760-437: Was named by Charles W. Gilmore in 1931 . He coined it for the partial skull USNM 12031, from the Lance Formation of Niobrara County , Wyoming . Gilmore assigned his new species to Troodon as T. wyomingensis . At the time, paleontologists thought that Troodon , then known only from teeth, was the same as Stegoceras , which had similar teeth. Accordingly, what are now known as pachycephalosaurids were assigned to
4830-428: Was observed to have 5 lesions. The frequency of trauma was comparable across the different genera in the pachycephalosaurid family , despite the fact that these genera vary with respect to the size and architecture of their domes and the fact that they existed during varying geologic periods. These findings were in stark contrast with the results from analysis of the relatively flat-headed pachycephalosaurids, where there
4900-429: Was part of TV Asahi 's 2003 Super Hero Time block with Kamen Rider 555 . The series is based on dinosaurs and explosions. The cast members from the series reprised their roles for the 2014 film Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger vs. Go-Busters: The Great Dinosaur Battle! Farewell Our Eternal Friends . Shout! Factory released the series on Region 1 DVD on 8 November 2022. Scientists believe that 65,000,000 years ago,
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