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64-418: The name alludes to the river that separates Argentina and Uruguay politically but unites the area as a region, called Rio de la Plata. The music has been called “electrotango” or “electronic tango” but leader Gustavo Santaolalla does not believe that it sufficiently describes the group's sound, stating there is more than that. Tango is an influence but it not the band's style. The Argentine-Uruguayan influence

128-528: A priest . Santaolalla's music career began in 1967 when he co-founded the group Arco Iris , a rock band that pioneered the fusion of rock and Latin American folk known as rock nacional . The band adopted the lifestyle of a yoga commune guided by former model Danais "Dana" Winnycka and her partner, musician Ara Tokatlian. The band had a few hits, such as "Mañanas Campestres" ("Country Mornings"), and made inroads into different forms of musical expression (notably

192-459: A rock and roll sound and formed the band Wet Picnic with ex- Crucis member Aníbal Kerpel . He briefly returned to Argentina in 1981 to produce Leon Gieco 's Pensar en Nada and record his first solo album. As a solo artist, he has recorded three albums. His first self-titled album, Santaolalla (1981), broke new ground by incorporating the 1980s sound into rock in Argentina for the first time. He

256-512: A DJ under the name of Campo. Luciano Supervielle does piano, keyboards and scratch. Born in France, Supervielle developed his music career in Uruguay, synthesizing hip hop, tango, rock and Uruguayan folk in a way that takes advantage of his abilities on keyboards and turntables. He began his career with the hip-hop group Plátano Macho then began working with Jorge Drexler, participating in four albums and

320-508: A DVD. He is the youngest member of Bajofondo and has released two solo projects while a member. Javier Casalla is a violinist who has played with various ensembles in rock, tango, folk, jazzo and classical. In addition to Bajofondo, he collaborates with the bands of Cristobal Repetto and Lucianco Supervielle. He released a solo album in 2006(produced by Santaolalla) and participated in the production of soundtracks for various films. Martin Ferres

384-487: A ballet piece for Oscar Aráiz). However, Santaolalla felt constricted by the strict requirements of Dana's teachings, which prohibited the consumption of meat, alcohol, and drugs; he left the group in 1975. In 1976, Santaolalla assembled Soluna, a band in which he played alongside teenage pianist and singer Alejandro Lerner and his then-girlfriend Monica Campins. Together they recorded just one album ( Energía Natural in 1977). He then left for Los Angeles , where he adopted

448-455: A building that would promote the best acoustics possible. In order to do this, Gehry used ratios to test the acoustics of a model of the building, which was a 1:10 replica. Gehry had to scale all elements of the design accordingly, including the sound that he pumped into the model. Gehry reduced the wavelength of the sounds by a factor of ten in order to discover how his design would respond to the orchestras that would later perform in it to provide

512-468: A distinctive, unique design for the organ. He would submit design concepts to Rosales, who would then provide feedback. Many of Gehry's early designs were fanciful, but impractical: Rosales said in an interview with Timothy Mangan of the Orange County Register , "His [Gehry's] earliest input would have created very bizarre musical results in the organ. Just as a taste, some of them would have had

576-532: A film composer. I see myself as more of an artist that uses different forms to express myself. I love it all." Santaolalla lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Alejandra Palacios, and their daughter Luna (born 1994) and son Don Juan Nahuel (born 1999). He has a daughter named Ana (born 1980) from a previous relationship with Monica Campins. Disney Concert Hall The Walt Disney Concert Hall at 111 South Grand Avenue in downtown Los Angeles , California,

640-667: A first and second rehearsal in any of the halls he designed in his native Japan. Salonen could hardly believe his ears. To his amazement, he discovered that there were wrong notes in the printed parts of the Ravel that sit on the players' stands. The orchestra has owned these scores for decades, but in the Chandler no conductor had ever heard the inner details well enough to notice the errors. The hall met with laudatory approval from nearly all of its listeners, including its performers. In an interview with PBS, Esa-Pekka Salonen , former music director of

704-595: A keyboard like a musician but her production is visual. She also provides vocals. Gustavo Santaolalla Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla ( Spanish: [ɡusˈtaβo alˈfɾeðo santaoˈlaʝa] ; born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine composer and musician. Known for his minimalist approach to composing, he rose to fame for creating the scores for Brokeback Mountain (2005) and Babel (2006), for which he received two Academy Awards for Best Original Score in consecutive years. Santaolalla also gained recognition for his work on The Last of Us game series, composing

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768-546: A logjam kind of thing," says Rosales, "turned sideways." This design turned out to be musically viable. The organ was built by the German organ builder Caspar Glatter-Götz under the tonal direction and voicing of Manuel Rosales. It has an attached console built into the base of the instrument from which the pipes of the Positive, Great , and Swell manuals (keyboards) are playable by direct mechanical, or "tracker" key action , with

832-1143: A more major role with eleven violins, four violas, three cellos and three stand-up basses. This album won the Latin Grammy for best instrumental album. They have toured around the world particularly in Latin America, the United States, Europe and parts of Asia. Venues include music festival including Coachella in the United States, Womad in England, Festival Internacional Cervantino in Mexico, Cactus Festival in Belgium, Pirineos Sur Festival in Spain, Pohoda in Slovakia , World Music Festival in South Korea, Summer State in New York City and Glastonbury . Other major venues and appearances include

896-419: A number of bands, including Plátano Maco with Supervielle. He has also produced music for movies and television. Adrian Nicolas Sosa is a drummer, producer and composer, who was involved with Bajofondo since day one as a producer and A&R when he was the general manager at Surco Records. He joined the band as a musician after they had already produced one album that used drum machine called "Tango Club". For

960-581: A theatrical aspect to live performances, by adding digital images in real time to the music. Each member has their own solo career, and lives in different places. Two of its members, drummer Adrian Nicolas Sosa and producer-composer Gustavo Santaolalla, live in Los Angeles. Four more are in Uruguay, and two are in Argentina. In addition, on most albums, the group has collaborated with other artists including Elvis Costello , Nelly Furtado , Julieta Venegas , La Mala Rodriguez , and Gustavo Cerati . The idea for

1024-475: A trailer for the series Nikita in 2011 and the Russian gymnastics team used several of their works for the 2012 Olympic Games . Bajofondo current lineup has eight artists. Gustavo Santaolalla , cofounder of Bajofondo, is a singer, composer, producer and plays guitar, charange and ronroco and lives in Los Angeles. He also is the director of a record label and publishing company. His career began at age 16 with

1088-468: Is a bandoneon player who plays both traditional and avant garde music and his work is influenced by minimalism as well as tango classics. In addition to Bajofondo, he composes music for theater and dance, and has been heard in many of Argentina's main theaters. Gabriel Casacuberta plays upright bass and electric back, beginning his career as a session musician in Mexico but working with many Uruguayan artists. After returning to his home country, he played in

1152-410: Is built with a low profile, with the music desk entirely above the top of the console, for the sake of clear sight lines to the conductor. From the detached console, all ranks play by electric key and stop action. In all, there are 72 stops, 109 ranks, and 6,125 pipes; pipes range in size from a few inches/centimeters to the longest being 32 feet (9.75m) (which has a frequency of 16 hertz). The organ

1216-598: Is from Uruguay but grew up in Mexico after his parents were exiled, returning in 1984. Soon after he was a member of several rock and pop bands and has been a pioneer of electronic music. In the mid 1990s he formed the band Peyote Asesino , the first Uruguayan band to fuse hip-hop with contemporary rock. This work attracted the attention of Santaolalla, producing the band's second album and giving them international exposure. The band broke up soon after but Campodónico continued to work with Santasolalla, eventually creating Bajofondo, which continuing with his own projects and working as

1280-572: Is more than just tango, and includes murga , milonga and candombe . The idea of the group is to take these traditional styles and create something more contemporary, with elements from rock, hip hop, jazz and electronic music, especially sampling. Bajofondo calls itself a collective, rather than a band, where members work on both projects under the Bajofondo name and on individual projects, often in collaboration with one or more other members. There are eight members, seven musicians and one VJ , who gives

1344-619: Is the fourth hall of the Los Angeles Music Center and was designed by Frank Gehry . It was opened on October 23, 2003. Bounded by Hope Street, Grand Avenue , and 1st and 2nd Streets, it seats 2,265 people and serves, among other purposes, as the home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestra and the Los Angeles Master Chorale . The hall is a compromise between a vineyard-style seating configuration, like

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1408-626: The Berliner Philharmonie by Hans Scharoun , and a classical shoebox design like the Vienna Musikverein or the Boston Symphony Hall . Lillian Disney made an initial gift of $ 50 million in 1987 to build a performance venue as a gift to the people of Los Angeles and a tribute to Walt Disney 's devotion to the arts and to the city. Both Gehry's architecture and the acoustics of the concert hall, designed by Minoru Nagata,

1472-573: The American Airlines Arena in Dallas, Texas . He performed the song "De Ushuaia a la Quiaca" and a version of "Ando Rodando". He also played in the last song of the event on with Clapton, Gary Clark Jr , Buddy Guy , John Mayer , Susan Tedeschi , Derek Trucks , Jimmie Vaughan , James Bay and others. Santaolalla does not know how to read or write musical notation, nor does he use an orchestra for his soundtracks. He said, "I don't see myself as

1536-415: The console at the top and pipes upside down. There was another in which the pipes were in layers of arrays like fans. The pipes would have had to be made out of materials that wouldn't work for pipes. We had our moments where we realized we were not going anywhere. As the design became more practical for me, it also became more boring for him." Then, Gehry came up with the curved wooden pipe concept, "like

1600-412: The 2005 film Brokeback Mountain , from which " A Love That Will Never Grow Old " won the 2006 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . Santaolalla received the 2006 Academy Award for Original Score for Brokeback Mountain . In 2007, he received his second Academy Award for the film score to Babel , and dedicated the award to his father and his home country Argentina. Santaolalla acted as

1664-828: The 2010 appearance at the Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles with the Orchestra of the Americas , the University of California Los Angeles , the Lincoln Center in New York, the Barbicon Center and Roundhouse in London and in 2009 they were part of the opening of Argentina's bicentennial festivities. Their music is more widely known to the public then the members individually and even

1728-438: The 2013 title and its 2020 sequel . He returned to reprise his themes and co-compose the score for the 2023 television adaptation . Santaolalla has been a collaborator with acclaimed director Alejandro González Iñárritu , composing the first four psychological drama films Iñárritu directed. His other notable work includes writing the themes for television series such as the American satirical romantic dramedy series Jane

1792-515: The Colombian singer Juanes ; the Chilean rock trio Los Prisioneros ; fellow Argentine rock musicians Divididos , Bersuit Vergarabat , Érica García , and León Gieco , among many others. Santaolalla began working on film soundtracks in the late 1990s, producing albums for the films Amores Perros , 21 Grams , and The Motorcycle Diaries . He provided the instrumental music for the soundtrack to

1856-590: The Los Angeles Music Center to use the most advanced noise-suppression measures for construction of the Regional Connector subway under 2nd Street where it passes the hall and the Colburn School of Music . Metro used procedures to ensure that the rumble of trains did not intrude on the sound quality of recordings made in the venues or mar audiences' musical experience within this sensitive stretch of

1920-536: The Los Angeles Philharmonic, said, "The sound, of course, was my greatest concern, but now I am totally happy, and so is the orchestra," and later said, "Everyone can now hear what the L.A. Phil is supposed to sound like." This remains one of the most successful grand openings of a concert hall in American history. As he was designing the Walt Disney Concert Hall, Gehry committed to producing

1984-514: The Mar Dulce album, Santaolalla decided to try live drums as an experiment and asked Sosa to sit in. The success of this led to Sosa's becoming a permanent member. At present Sosa also writes, produced and he also sang in one of his compositions called "Cuesta Arriba" featured in the last Bajofondo album "Presente" (2013). Veronica Loza is a VJ who connects the band's music with stage presence, generally through digital images. On stage, she appears at

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2048-594: The Platinum Konex Award as best Argentine artistic producer of the 1995-2005 decade. In 2008, he composed the soundtrack for the Louis Vuitton film Where Will Life Take You? directed by Bruno Aveillan . Later that year, he recorded two songs on " All You Need Is Me ", a single by English singer Morrissey . The tracks, "Children In Pieces" and "My Dearest Love", were recorded in Los Angeles. Santaolalla directed music for Aamir Khan's movie Dhobi Ghat , which

2112-558: The Road , produced by Francis Ford Coppola and directed by Walter Salles . That same year, he was nominated for Producer of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards for his work on De Noche (Antonio Carmona), Entre la Ciudad y el Mar (Gustavo Galindo), and Rêverie (Luciano Supervielle), co-produced with Juan Campodónico from Bajofondo . Santaolalla received critical acclaim for composing

2176-609: The Virgin (2014–2019), its MBC 4 Arabic adaptation , and the crime documentary series Making a Murderer (2015–2018). Santaolalla is also a member of the neotango group Bajofondo and was formerly a member of the rock group Arco Iris . Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla was born in Ciudad Jardín Lomas del Palomar on 19 August 1951. As a boy, Santaolalla was given a ronroco , which led to him developing an interest in rock and roll and drove him away from an early ambition to become

2240-419: The Walt Disney Concert Hall. Perhaps it is the angle-based design of the concert hall that required the use of CATIA, which can be seen on the exterior of the building. For example, the box columns on the north side of the Walt Disney Concert Hall are tilted forward at seventeen degrees. The angular design was used by Gehry to "symbolize musical movement and the motion of Los Angeles". Upon completion in 2003,

2304-408: The band Arco Iris , a pioneer in fusing Latin American folk music and rock. He played with Soluna and then with Wet Picnic after he moved to the United States. His solo career includes three albums. He has been a producer since the 1970s, working with Leon Gieco , G.I.T. and Divididos, along with Maldita Vecindad and Café Tacuba . In 1997 he cofounded the record label SURCO, whose first release

2368-552: The best possible acoustics. The walls and ceiling of the hall are finished with Douglas-fir while the floor is finished with oak . Columbia Showcase & Cabinet Co. Inc., based in Sun Valley, CA, produced all of the ceiling panels, wall panels and architectural woodwork for the main auditorium and lobbies. The Hall's reverberation time is approximately 2.2 seconds unoccupied and 2.0 seconds occupied. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority had an agreement with

2432-519: The construction, modifications were made to the Founders Room exterior; while most of the building's exterior was designed with stainless steel given a matte finish, the Founders Room and Children's Amphitheater were designed with highly polished mirror-like panels. The reflective qualities of the surface were amplified by the concave sections of the Founders Room walls. Some residents of the neighboring condominiums suffered glare caused by sunlight that

2496-515: The final completion supervised by Nagata's assistant and protege Yasuhisa Toyota , have been praised, in contrast to its predecessor, the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion . The Walt Disney Concert Hall was designed by world-renowned architect Frank Gehry. Despite being a well-accomplished architect at the time of design, Gehry found himself an unlikely candidate for the job when the Disney family

2560-481: The first album, self-titled Bajofondo Tango Club was released in 2002. The album introduced their new style along with the participations of guest artists such as Jorge Drexler , Adriana Varela , Cristóbal Repetto , Adrián Iaies , Didi Gutman , and Pablo Mainetti . The album reached triple platinum and won Argentina's Gardel Prize and a Latin Grammy (Best Instrumental Pop Album) . The popularity of this album encouraged

2624-481: The following account: When the orchestra finally got its next [practice] in Disney, it was to rehearse Ravel's lusciously orchestrated ballet, Daphnis and Chloé . ... This time, the hall miraculously came to life. Earlier, the orchestra's sound, wonderful as it was, had felt confined to the stage. Now a new sonic dimension had been added, and every square inch of air in Disney vibrated merrily. Toyota says that he had never experienced such an acoustical difference between

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2688-427: The formation of most of the permanent group and touring. In their first shows, about seventy percent was pre-programmed with thirty percent live. Today only ten percent of what is heard is pre-recorded. Since then, six other albums have been made, either with the entire collective or with individuals with collective support, such as Luciano Supervielle 's solo album in 2004, produced by Santaolalla and Campodónico. This

2752-516: The garage debts by revenue coming from the Disney Hall parking users. Due to the mathematical complexity of Gehry's innovative design, he relied on computer software to produce his design in a way that could be completed by contractors. The technology, called CATIA (computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application) is typically used in the design process for French fighter jets, but its mathematical ability aided Gehry in his process of designing

2816-528: The group in total. One reason for this is that their music appears often in television and film than on radio, because it adapts to the first two mediums better. The song Pa’ bailar was used as the theme for the Brazilian soap A Favorita ( TV Globo ), and the same song for an Acura commercial for the Super Bowl. Other examples include commercials for Kahlua , Macy's and Shell. Warner Cable used Pa’ bailar for

2880-577: The group was that of Gustavo Santaolalla in the early 2000s, with the idea of experimenting with the acoustic instrumentation of tango music, with electronic beats and other influences in order to create a more contemporary music of the Río de la Plata region. Santaolalla had already been working with Juan Campodónico on other projects and together they began experimenting in the studio, trying out different sounds, sampling and playing instruments themselves along with participation from friends. After two years of work,

2944-424: The job of designing the hall, as he produced a design that caught the eye of Walt Disney's widow, Lilian. His design included some of the elements of the deconstructivist architecture that he was known for, while still producing an elegant structure. The project was initiated in 1987, when Lillian Disney , widow of Walt Disney , donated $ 50 million. Frank Gehry delivered completed designs in 1991. Construction of

3008-492: The original budget. Plans were revised, and in a cost-saving move the originally designed stone exterior was replaced with a less costly stainless steel skin. The needed fundraising restarted in earnest in 1996, headed by Eli Broad and then- mayor Richard Riordan . Groundbreaking for the hall was held in December 1999. Delay in the project completion caused many financial problems for the county of LA. The County expected to repay

3072-412: The polished surfaces. After complaints from neighboring buildings and residents, the owners asked Gehry Partners to come up with a solution. Their response was a computer analysis of the building's surfaces identifying the offending panels. In 2005, these were dulled by lightly sanding the panels to eliminate unwanted glare. The design of the hall included a large concert organ , completed in 2004, which

3136-556: The producer of Gaby Kerpel 's Carnabailito and co-produced the Kronos Quartet 's Nuevo , an album which renders homage to the musical heritage of Mexico. He has also been part of the resurgent neo-tango movement, as the prime mover behind the Bajofondo Tango Club collective. He is mentioned as the co-producer of Calle 13 's song " Tango del Pecado ", a song from their album Residente o Visitante . In 2005, he received

3200-494: The project cost an estimated $ 274 million; the parking garage alone cost $ 110 million. The remainder of the total cost was paid by private donations, of which the Disney family's contribution was estimated at $ 84.5 million with another $ 25 million from The Walt Disney Company . By comparison, the three existing halls of the Music Center cost $ 35 million in the 1960s (about $ 330 million in 2021 dollars). As construction finished in

3264-452: The rest playing by electric key action; this console somewhat resembles North-German Baroque organs, and has a closed-circuit television monitor set into the music desk. It is also equipped with a detached, movable console, which can be moved about as easily as a grand piano , and plugged in at any of four positions on the stage, this console has terraced, curved "amphitheatre"-style stop-jambs resembling those of French Romantic organs, and

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3328-467: The score to the 2013 action-adventure video game The Last of Us , which was his first experience in the video game industry. In 2020, he returned to compose the music for its sequel, The Last of Us Part II . In 2015, Santaolalla was inducted into the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame . On 20 and 21 September 2019, Eric Clapton invited Santaolalla to participate at his Crossroads event at

3392-540: The spring of 2003, the Philharmonic postponed its grand opening until the fall and used the summer to let the orchestra and Master Chorale adjust to the new hall. Performers and critics agreed that it was well worth this extra time taken by the time the hall opened to the public. During the summer rehearsals a few hundred VIPs were invited to sit in including donors, board members and journalists. Writing about these rehearsals, Los Angeles Times music critic Mark Swed wrote

3456-631: The tunnel. Metro also built an elevated walkway from the Grand Avenue Arts/Bunker Hill station to the concert hall. Originally, Frank Gehry had designed the Disney Concert Hall with a facade of stone, because "at night stone would glow," he told interviewer Barbara Isenberg. "Disney Hall would look beautiful at night in stone. It would have just been great. It would have been friendly. Metal at night goes dark. I begged them. No, after they saw Bilbao , they had to have metal." After

3520-417: The underground parking garage began in 1992 and was completed in 1996. The garage cost had been $ 110 million, and was paid for by Los Angeles County , which sold bonds to provide the garage under the site of the planned hall. Construction of the concert hall itself stalled from 1994 to 1996 due to lack of fundraising. Additional funds were required since the construction cost of the final project far exceeded

3584-460: Was Mexican band Molotov , along with Bersuit, La Vela Puerca, Julieta Venega and more. Santaolalla has also composed soundtracks for films such as The Insider , Amores Perros , 21 Grams , Brokeback Mountain and Babel . This work has earned him a BAFTA, a Golden Globe and two Oscars. He has also won fourteen Grammys of various types. Juan Campodónico is the other cofounder of Bajofondo and does programming, beats, samples and guitar. Campodónico

3648-471: Was followed by Bajofondo Remixed in 2005, with reworked versions of songs from Bajofondo Tango Club and Supervielle's album. In 2008, the album Mar Dulce was released and the name of the group shorted to just Bajofondo, as the idea was not just tango music as the base but all styles of Rio de la Plata regional music, such as milonga and candombe. In 2013, the Presente album has no guest vocals and strings play

3712-532: Was joined by Lerner and the Willy Iturri-Alfredo Toth rhythm section, who were two-thirds of the band GIT. His second album, titled Gas , was released in 1995. Santaolalla's most recent solo album, Ronroco (1998), contained several tracks with the characteristic sound of the folk string instrument of the same name , which later became a defining instrument in his soundtrack work. Ronroco also contains his solo piece for Iguazu Falls , "Iguazu," which

3776-527: Was later used in films such as The Insider , Collateral and Babel , as well as a 2007 Vodafone TV commercial and TV series such as Deadwood , 24 , and Top Gear . It also contains the track "De Ushuaia a La Quiaca" used by Walter Salles in his The Motorcycle Diaries . Santaolalla aided the development of rock en español by acting as producer for the Mexican acts Neón, Maldita Vecindad , Fobia , Molotov , Café Tacuba , and Julieta Venegas ;

3840-399: Was looking for the hall's designer. Even with the location of the Walt Disney Concert Hall set to be in his hometown of Los Angeles, California, Gehry, when discussing his thoughts at the time the architect was selected, said, "it was the least likely thing that I thought would ever happen to me in my life". Gehry's opinion was supported by the representative of the Disney family. Gehry says he

3904-415: Was reflected off these surfaces and concentrated in a manner similar to a parabolic mirror . The resulting heat made some rooms of nearby condominiums unbearably warm, caused the air-conditioning costs of these residents to skyrocket and created hot spots on adjacent sidewalks of as much as 140 °F (60 °C). There was also the increased risk of traffic accidents due to blinding sunlight reflected from

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3968-416: Was released on 21 January 2011. He also collaborated with Argentine composer Osvaldo Golijov on several projects commissioned by soprano Dawn Upshaw . These include the opera Ainadamar , based on the murder of Spanish poet Federico García Lorca , and Ayre , a collection of folk songs, in which Santaolalla plays with a group that calls itself The Andalucian Dogs. He provided the score for the 2012 film On

4032-448: Was told, "that under no circumstances would Walt Disney's name be on any buildings that I design". Much of this doubt came from Gehry's reputation for relying on the use of cheap materials in his architecture that were used in unconventional ways. With the Walt Disney Concert Hall being a project that demanded a high budget and an elegant style, Gehry did not seem like the right candidate for the job. However, Gehry's determination landed him

4096-585: Was used in a special concert for the July 2004 National Convention of the American Guild of Organists . The organ had its public debut in a non-subscription recital performed by Frederick Swann on September 30, 2004, and its first public performance with the Philharmonic two days later in a concert featuring Todd Wilson . The organ's façade was designed by architect Frank Gehry in consultation with organ consultant and tonal designer Manuel Rosales . Gehry wanted

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