66-652: The Bajaur Campaign was an armed conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan that began in September 1960 and ended in September 1961. It primarily took place in and around Bajaur District in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas . Hostilities broke out after Afghan prime minister Mohammad Daoud Khan , who was a vocal opponent of the Durand Line , sent in the Royal Afghan Army to occupy strategic regions in what
132-710: A parliamentary system of government, the Prime minister is generally the leader of a party (or coalition of parties) that has a majority in the National Assembly —the lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan . The prime minister, in common with all other ministers, has to be a member of National Assembly . The principal workplace of the prime minister is the Prime Minister's Office located in northeast Islamabad. The official residence , known as Prime Minister Enclave,
198-582: A semi-presidential system allowing the presidency to keep the interference executive and the judiciary . The general elections in 2008 resulted in the PPP coming to power and supporting the movement to oust Pervez Musharraf. A populist intellectual movement leading to the departure of Pervez Musharraf allowed Asif Zardari to become president. In 2010, the XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
264-789: A $ 3 million arms deal with the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and a 32.5 million arms deal with the Soviet Union in 1956. The deal gave the Afghan military imported T-34 tanks and MiG-17 jet fighters. A quarter to third of all Afghan officers had trained in the Soviet Union by 1973. It was also under the Kingdom of Afghanistan where the Afghan Commando Forces were formed, notably the 242nd Parachute Battalion in 1965 and later,
330-597: A Muslim country. From 1988 to 1993, the power struggle between the prime minister and presidency continued with the president dismissing the National Assembly on three different occasions. At the 1997 elections , the PML(N) secured a two-thirds majority in the Parliament and drafted the XIII and XIV Amendments to reverse the eighth amendment to the Constitution; this allowed Nawaz Sharif to centralize more executive powers. After
396-859: A base of raiding Afghan troops in Baganandail. The Pakistan Air Force sent F-86 Sabre jets in order to support the Pakistani Forces and local Pashtun tribesmen of Pakistan who were fighting the Afghan infiltrators. The F-86 Sabre jets also executed bombing runs on Royal Afghan Army positions in Kunar , Afghanistan, thus leading Afghan forces to fall back to the international border . The airstrikes destroyed machine guns and mortar nests in Kunar that were used to attack Pakistani border posts. Pakistan Air Force also bombed Baganandail and Afghan intruders in Bajaur, Dir and near
462-508: A member of the National Assembly. As well as this, one must: The candidates for the prime minister are members of the National Assembly who were chosen through direct elections by popular vote following campaigning on the party platforms . Usually, the leader of the majority party in the parliament retains the office of prime minister, and forms the government either by coalition or by simple majority . The candidate must retain
528-427: A result of constant intervention by the governor-general. Despite the first set of the Constitution giving central power in 1956, the next six prime ministers were dismissed by the governor-general from 1951 till 1957. The first set of the Constitution had evolved the governor-general into the president of Pakistan whilst declaring the country an " Islamic republic ". In 1958, President Iskandar Mirza dismissed
594-619: A scheme of affairs in which the president of Pakistan is the head of state who represents the "unity of the Republic." The system of government in Pakistan is based on codified constitution which sees the prime minister as " chief executive of the Republic." Subject to the Constitution the Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of
660-580: Is near the Prime Minister's Office. The prime minister is the chief executive who heads and exercises the authority of the Government of Pakistan . After obtaining a vote of confidence , the prime minister is invited by the president to take the oath of office and form the government. In practice, the prime minister nominates the members of the Cabinet who supervise the important functions and ministries of
726-664: Is now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , which is considered to be an essential part of the Pashtun homeland . Ultimately, the Afghan invasion was brought to a halt following Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan's Kunar Province . The Bajaur Campaign may have been a proxy conflict of the Cold War , as it has been alleged that the Afghans and the Pakistanis were actively receiving support from the Soviet Union and
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#1732895714666792-472: Is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet , despite the president of Pakistan serving as the nominal head of executive. The prime minister is often the leader of the party or the coalition with a majority in the lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan , the National Assembly where he serves as Leader of
858-600: The casus belli for the Pakistani government to launch the operation for the overthrow of Nawab . In March 1961, Afghanistan reportedly provided weapons and ammunition to proxies under the leadership of Fazl Akbar, to incite an uprising in the Batmalai district of Bajaur . Pacha Gul was advised to go before an aerial counteroffensive could be triggered against his forces for serving as an agent for Afghanistan and providing resources worth of 170 million Afghanis, cash, and arms to
924-535: The Cabinet , and is charged with leading the National Command Authority over Pakistan's nuclear weapons arsenal . This position places its holder in leadership of the nation and in control over all matters, both internal affairs and foreign policy . The prime minister is elected by the members of the National Assembly and is therefore usually the leader of the majority party in the parliament . The Constitution of Pakistan vests executive powers in
990-530: The Durand Line that is the Pakistan–Afghanistan border (which Pakistan inherited from British India and which Afghanistan marked itself). Due to these large, illicit territorial claims over the western regions of Pakistan—roughly corresponding with the modern-day Pakistani provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa —relations between the two countries soured, and Afghanistan started funding proxies and initiated regular skirmishes with Pakistan along
1056-716: The Export–Import Bank of the United States to help them purchase U.S. material, equipment, and services for the Helmand River valley developmental project. In August 1961, Pakistan closed the border with Afghanistan, due to Prime Minister, Daoud Khan's strong stance on Pashtunistan , but it re-opened in May after Khan's resignation. The country had deposits of talc, mica, silver, lead, beryl, chromite, copper, lapis lazuli, and iron ore. King Zahir Shah's cousin, Daoud Khan, signed
1122-790: The Pakistan Army retook the pass and pushed Afghan troops back to the border after a week of heavy fighting. Relations between the two states severely deteriorated in 1951, when Saad Akbar Babrak , an Afghan national, assassinated the then Prime Minister of Pakistan , Liaquat Ali Khan , in Rawalpindi during a public rally. On 30 March 1955, Afghan demonstrators attacked and torched the Pakistani embassy in Kabul and consulates in Kandahar and Jalalabad , following which diplomatic relations were severed by Pakistan. The areas surrounding Bajaur and other parts of
1188-515: The Panama Papers Case . This also resulted in him being permanently disqualified from membership of the parliament . The prime minister is elected by the National Assembly. The National Assembly meets on the twenty-first day after a general election (at least every five years) unless the president calls for a vote of no confidence. Whichever member of the National assembly is chosen serves as
1254-481: The Pashayi people . Because villagers were suspicious of the literacy campaign, wealthier inhabitants in the valley bribed officials and the Royal Afghan Army to keep their sons out of school. Poorer villagers, on the other hand were far more likely to attend, encouarging the view that the school program was not 'un-Islamic' or anti-Islamic, leading more villagers to send their sons to school. On 27 September 1934, during
1320-621: The People's Republic of China . Efforts were additionally made to settle Afghan - Iranian disputes over the Helmand River , which are still ongoing between the regimes of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran . Afghanistan also became a member of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961. Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan at the time, worked hard for the development of modern industries , and education in
1386-730: The United States , respectively. As a result of the Bajaur Campaign, Afghanistan–Pakistan relations deteriorated to an all-time low; their relationship had already been marred by tensions immediately after the creation of Pakistan in August 1947, as the Afghan government had been contesting the Durand Line, which Pakistan had inherited from British India . The two countries severed their diplomatic ties with each other and bilateral trade ceased for 18 months. Following Khan's forced resignation from
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#17328957146661452-539: The military junta led by the president had the powers of the prime minister. The office of the prime minister was created on immediate effect after the partition and the establishment of Pakistan in 1947; the prime minister existed alongside the governor-general who was the representative of the British monarchy . The first prime minister, Liaquat Ali Khan , exercised central executive powers until his assassination in 1951. The powers slowly began to be reduced as
1518-419: The military leadership as well as ensuring civilian control of the military through chairman joint chiefs , although this does not necessarily happen in tandem . Prime ministerial powers have significantly grown with a delicate system of check and balance by each branch. The position was absent during the years of 1958–1973, 1977–1985, and 1999–2002 due to imposed martial law. In each of these periods,
1584-441: The seventh prime minister to impose martial law in a mere two weeks, President Mirza was ousted by army chief General Ayub Khan who had for a brief period held the post of prime minister. In 1962, the second set of the Constitution completely dissolved the office of prime minister as all powers were transferred to the president of Pakistan. Criticism over the presidency after the presidential election held in 1965 over
1650-455: The vote of confidence of the members of the parliament before being invited by the president to form the government . The prime minister can be removed before the expiry of the term through a vote of no confidence in the parliament. If the vote of no confidence is passed by the National Assembly by a simple majority, the prime minister ceases to retain the office. In the past, prime ministers (and their governments) have been dismissed by
1716-449: The war led to the collapse of the presidential system in 1971. As the comprehensive Constitution reinstated in 1973, the post was reestablished with more central powers as the constitution provided a parliamentary system with President of Pakistan as figurehead . Amid agitation instigated by the right-wing alliance invited the military intervention in 1977 which suspended the post. The general elections held in 1985 restored
1782-590: The 444th and the 455th Battalion in 1966 and 1973. All these battalions had airborne capabilities. For these new commando formations, Captain Habibullah led the 242nd after returning from Fort Benning in the US to Afghanistan, whereas Major Rahmatullah Safi would become the Chief of Staff for the 444th, although he would become a commander a year later. Major Safi would prove to be a suitable leader, as he had undergone training in
1848-459: The Afghan prime ministerial position, Afghanistan and Pakistan began talks for rapprochement in an effort that was jointly supervised by American president John F. Kennedy and Iranian King Mohammad Reza Pahlavi . Khan later returned to power as Afghanistan's president through the 1973 coup d'état , marking the beginning of the ongoing Afghan conflict . Relations between the two states of Afghanistan and Pakistan have been strained ever since
1914-539: The Afghanistan-Pakistan border saw extensive armed border skirmishes between Afghanistan and Pakistan from 1949 to 1971. Between 1960 and 1961, Royal Afghan Army troops along with thousands of Pashtun tribesmen from Afghanistan crossed the extremely porous Pakistan–Afghanistan border and entered the semi-autonomous Bajaur Agency of Pakistan in an effort to annex the region. During this time, Afghanistan also deployed thousands of troops with tanks and artillery along
1980-511: The Afghanistan–Pakistan border and frequently attacked locally stationed soldiers from mountainous posts. In September 1960 Afghan irregulars and regular military troops in civilian clothing crossed into Bajaur. Two other raids took place in May and fall of 1961. They engaged with local tribesmen led by Nawab of Khar and retreated after suffering heavy casualties. Pakistan bombed Afghan force using its air force but instead of escalating
2046-564: The Bajaur tribesmen which were to incite a uprising against Pakistan. The Pakistan air force acted by bombing the area where the ammunition dump was stored. The Pakistani air force then claimed to have destroyed a major ammunition dump during the raid. After the Raid Pakistan increased the presence of security forces present along the Durand Line. The local tribes did not accept the presence of Pakistan armed forces other than those of locally raised units such as Bajaur scouts. The locals protested to
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2112-750: The British Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and in the Soviet Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School . In the years 1962 and 1963, before the establishment of the Afghan Commando Forces , Safi worked alongside the "National Mujahideen of Pashtunistan " against the Pakistani government, after the unsuccessful Bajaur campaign of 1960-1961. Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( Urdu : وزِیرِ اعظم پاکستان , romanized : Wazīr ē Aʿẓam lit. ' Grand Vizier ' , Urdu pronunciation: [ʋəˈziːr-ˌeː ˈɑː.zəm] )
2178-599: The Government of Pakistan and communicates to the president all decisions of the Cabinet relating to the administration of affairs of state and proposals for legislation. The prime minister, in consultation with the Cabinet, schedules and attends the sessions of the Parliament and is required to answer questions from members of parliament to the ministers. The prime minister makes appointments on various important positions, including: Some specific ministries are usually allocated to
2244-559: The House . Prime minister holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the National Assembly . The prime minister is designated as the "chief executive of the Islamic Republic". Pakistan's prime minister leads the executive branch of the federal government , oversees the state economy , leads the National Assembly , heads the Council of Common Interests as well as
2310-539: The Khyber pass. Although the Royal Afghan Air Force had seven MiG-17 squadrons and another MiG-21 squadron being operationalized, no known dogfight has been recorded between the two sides. Kingdom of Afghanistan The Kingdom of Afghanistan ( Pashto : د افغانستان شاهي دولت , romanized: Dǝ Afġānistān Šahi Dawlat ; Dari : پادشاهی افغانستان , romanized: Pādešāhī-ye Afġānistān )
2376-493: The PPP nomination was Makhdoom Shahbuddin , but he was forced to withdraw after the ANF issued non-bailable arrest warrants against him. Raja Pervaiz Ashraf became the prime minister and remained in office until 2013. The general election held in 2013 saw the PML(N) almost achieve a supermajority. Following this, Nawaz Sharif was elected as prime minister, returning to the post for
2442-512: The Prime Minister and the Federal Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the Federation." The prime minister is also the chairman of the Council of Common Interests as set by: 1 There shall be a Council of Common Interests, in this Chapter referred to as the Council, to be appointed by the President (2) The Council shall consist of- (a)
2508-602: The Prime Minister who shall be the Chairman of the Council; (b) the Chief Ministers of the Provinces; (c) three members from the Federal Government to be nominated by the Prime Minister from time to time. As in most of the parliamentary democracies , a head of state 's duties are mostly ceremonial. The prime minister of Pakistan is the head of government and has the responsibility for executive power. With Pakistan following
2574-560: The Soviet Union both invested in neutral Afghanistan's economy to try to gain influence during the Cold War . This included the Four Point Program in 1951, when Afghanistan and the United States signed an agreement in Kabul to help assist the economic development in the economy, and the construction of a 100 km pipeline from Termez to Mazar-i-Sharif that was built by Soviet technicians and began in 1954. Afghanistan received $ 18,500,000 from
2640-527: The border. By 1948, Afghanistan was providing armaments and funding to proxies inside the Tirah and Razmak regions of northwest Pakistan. In the late 1950s, the Royal Afghan Army , with artillery support, attacked the Pakistani village of Dobandi and subsequently crossed the border and occupied a strategically vital railway link in Chaman − Quetta . The incursion prompted a large Pakistani offensive, following which
2706-529: The centralizing of powers. After the general elections held in 1970, the office was established with Nurul Amin becoming the prime minister who was also the vice-president . Negotiations that fall apart between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , Mujibur Rehman , and Yahya Khan that prompted to liberation movement in the East Pakistan . With India intervening in East Pakistan and Pakistan conceding defeat to end
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2772-515: The centuries-old monarchy and established a republic . It was under the leadership of Zahir Shah that the Afghan government sought relationships with the outside world, most notably with the Soviet Union , France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Under Zahir Shah, the government initiated numerous concerted efforts to bring education to Darai Nur , majority of the valley being inhabited by
2838-478: The conflict, this de-escalated the situation for some time. The newly formed Bajaur Scouts also engaged in combat against the Afghan troops. In September 1960, Afghan tribesmen and some regular troops under civilian cover entered the area of Dir as part of the wider Bajaur Campaign to help Nawab Jahan Khan against the Pakistan-backed opposition. The Afghan lashkars were forced to withdraw and this proved to be
2904-462: The country. In July 1973, Daoud Khan staged a bloodless coup d'état while Zahir Shah was not in the country to receive eye surgery in Italy . The next month, Zahir Shah abdicated, hoping to avoid a civil war, which officially marked the end of the Kingdom of Afghanistan and the beginning of the Republic. The Kingdom of Afghanistan bordered Iran on the west, the Soviet Union in the north, China on
2970-471: The draw down of civil-military relations in 1999, Chairman joint chiefs General Pervez Musharraf staged a coup d'état against the PML(N)'s government and held nationwide elections in 2002 . With no party gaining a majority, a coalition was formed with the PML(Q) – a breakaway of the PML(N) and a pro-Musharraf party – leading with MQM . After some political wrangling, Zafarullah Jamali became
3036-518: The east, and Pakistan and India on the south. The mountainous and mostly dry country was 652,200 square kilometres (251,830 sq mi). The strange shape and borders of the country, most notably the Wakhan Corridor , were a result of its former role as a buffer state between Russia and the United Kingdom . Snow was common in most areas during winter and rainfall was small. The country
3102-604: The election may be called earlier. On 3rd March 2024, Shehbaz Sharif was re-elected for the second time as the country's 24th Prime Minister. He won by majority in the National Assembly of Pakistan against Omar Ayub Khan in a disputed elections. Azad Kashmir government Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Local government Constitution of Pakistan Territorial election commission Elections Provincial elections Territorial elections Political parties Provinces Autonomous region Customs Regional topics The Constitution envisages
3168-405: The first Prime Minister of Pakistan to be legitimately removed from office, through a motion of no confidence. On 11th April 2022, Shehbaz Sharif was elected as the country's 23rd Prime Minister. He won by majority 174 votes in the National Assembly of Pakistan. Sharif will serve a term, at most of almost one year to fulfill Imran Khan's term until the 2023 Pakistani General Election , though
3234-476: The government troops by ambushing them on the very first night and caused casualties among the units, which convinced the government to withdraw the units. In May 1961 skirmishes took place in the area of the Khyber Pass . Pakistani government announced that regular Afghan troops had struck Pakistani border posts. The Pakistani air force bombed Afghan positions in retaliation. On 22 May, Pakistani warplanes bombed
3300-513: The kingdom, was proclaimed King of Afghanistan as Mohammad Nadir Shah in October 1929, and went on to revert the reformist path of the last king, Amanullah Khan. He was succeeded by his son, Mohammad Zahir Shah , whose rule started in 1933 and lasted for 39 years. Zahir Shah, the last King of Afghanistan, was eventually overthrown by his own cousin Mohammad Daoud Khan who successfully ended
3366-593: The latter gained independence from the United Kingdom following the Partition of British India in August 1947. Following partition, the Kingdom of Afghanistan was the only country to vote against the Dominion of Pakistan's admission into the United Nations as a recognized sovereign state . After the independence of Pakistan, Afghanistan operated agents who operated in north-western Pakistan, distributing large amounts of money, ammunition and even transistor radios in an effort to sway loyalties from locals Pakistanis to Afghanistan. Moreover, Afghanistan did not recognize
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#17328957146663432-423: The office due to contempt of court after retroactively disqualifying the membership of the parliament permanently. On 28 July 2017, the Supreme Court of Pakistan disqualified the prime minister Nawaz Sharif from retaining the office due to his failure in fulfilling the eligibility requirements as enshrined in Articles 62 of the Constitution. This was in the aftermath of the Supreme Court hearing regarding
3498-426: The post, with Muhammad Junejo becoming the prime minister. Later that year, the National Assembly passed the controversial eighth amendment to the Constitution, giving the president the power to dismiss the prime minister and the National Assembly without prior consultation. The general elections in 1988 resulted in the Pakistan Peoples Party 's Benazir Bhutto becoming the first woman prime minister elected in
3564-461: The president exercising the VIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (1985), but this was repealed by the XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (2010). The prime minister has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office. In 2012, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has ceased at least one prime minister from retaining
3630-406: The prime minister until the next election or until he fails to maintain the confidence of the National Assembly. 91. The Cabinet: (1) There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Prime Minister at its head, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions. (2) The National Assembly shall meet on the twenty-first day following the day on which a general election to the Assembly
3696-438: The prime minister, and passed the XVII amendment which partially restored the power of the president to dissolve the National Assembly, but made the dissolution subject to the Supreme Court of Pakistan 's approval. Over the authority issues, Prime Minister Jamali resigned in 2004 and Shaukat Aziz was eventually appointed as prime minister, securing 151 out of 191 votes in the National Assembly. The XVII amendment featured
3762-412: The prime minister, who is responsible for appointing the Cabinet as well as running the executive branch, taking and authorizing executive decisions, appointments, and recommendations that require prime ministerial confirmation. Constitutionally, the prime minister serves as the chief adviser to the president of Pakistan on critical matters; and plays an influential role in appointment in each branch of
3828-417: The prime minister: The prime minister is vested with command authority over the Pakistani nuclear arsenal and represents the country in various delegations, high-level meetings, and international organisations that require the attendance of the highest government office and also addresses the nation on various issues of national importance. The Constitution of Pakistan requires that the prime minister be
3894-429: The reign of Zahir Shah, the Kingdom of Afghanistan joined the League of Nations . During World War II , Afghanistan remained neutral and pursued a diplomatic policy of non-alignment. Though being neutral in World War II, Afghanistan had relations with Nazi Germany , but that was severed after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran . Afghanistan was admitted into the United Nations on 29 August 1946. In 1947, Afghanistan
3960-406: The third time after a fourteen-year absence, in a democratic transition. In July 2017, Nawaz Sharif was disqualified as prime minister, not on the corruption charges linked to Panama papers leak that he was questioned for in extension due to his sons, but for failing to declare as in his nomination papers, salary from a company owned by his son. His lawyer insisted that though the ousted prime minister
4026-493: Was designated chairman of the company, he had never drawn any salary from the company, however, the judges consulting Black's Law Dictionary chose to disqualify Nawaz Sharif for not paying taxes on an asset he never held but could have. On 18 August 2018, Imran Khan was sworn in as the country's 22nd prime minister. On 10 April 2022, a constitutional crisis culminated in Khan losing a motion of no confidence with 174 votes cast against him, ending his premiership and making him
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#17328957146664092-431: Was a monarchy in Central Asia that was established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan . It was proclaimed by its first king , Amanullah Khan , seven years after he acceded to the throne. The monarchy ended in the 1973 Afghan coup d'état . Emir Amanullah Khan was keen on modernizing Afghanistan, provoking several uprisings led by his conservative opponents. One such rebellion broke out while he
4158-465: Was made up of various ethnic groups such as the Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazaras , Uzbeks and many others. The majority of Afghans were Muslim , approximate 99% of the population. Around 90% of the Muslim population were Sunni , the rest were Shia . Dari and Pashto were the official languages, and many Afghans were bilingual. Like the past and present-day Afghanistan , the economy relied greatly on agriculture and mining. The United States and
4224-486: Was passed to reverse the XVII amendment; it returned the country to being a parliamentary democratic republic . The XVIII Amendment removed all powers of the presidency to dissolve the Parliament unilaterally and sweep away the powers amassed by the former presidents Pervez Musharraf and Zia-ul-Haq to maintain a delicate check and balance . Following a contempt of court case, the Supreme Court permanently disqualified Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gillani . Originally,
4290-430: Was the only United Nations member to vote against admitting Pakistan into the United Nations. This was mostly done because of the Kingdom's call for Pashtunistan . Nikita Khrushchev visited the capital of Kabul and endorsed the Afghan claims to Pashtunistan in 1955. 5 years earlier, in 1950, Afghanistan signed friendship contracts with India and Lebanon , established political contacts with Syria and recognised
4356-478: Was visiting Europe in 1927. He abdicated in favour of his brother Inayatullah Khan , who only ruled for three days before the leader of the rebellion Habibullāh Kalakāni took power and reinstated the Emirate . After 10 months, Amanullah Khan's Minister of War, Mohammad Nadir, returned from exile in India. His armies ousted the Saqqawist government and sacked Kabul. Afterwards, Nadir's forces apprehended and subsequently executed Kalakāni. Mohammed Nadir reinstated
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