In politics , the opposition comprises one or more political parties or other organized groups that are opposed to the government (or, in American English , the administration ), party or group in political control of a city , region , state , country or other political body. The degree of opposition varies according to political conditions. For example, in authoritarian and democratic systems, opposition may be respectively repressed or desired. Members of an opposition generally serve as antagonists to the other parties.
15-511: Baba Bakala is a Punjab Legislative Assembly constituency in Amritsar district , Punjab state, India. 31°34′N 75°16′E / 31.56°N 75.26°E / 31.56; 75.26 Punjab Legislative Assembly Official Opposition (16) Other Opposition (7) The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of
30-727: A lack of oppositional mobilization in response to instability. In the Jordan case study, scholars reference opposition increasingly challenge those in power as political and economic instability proliferated wereas the opposition in Morocco did not mobilize on the instability. Furthermore, research on opposition politics in South Asia has helped inform researchers on possibilities of democratic renewal post-backsliding as well as possibilities of political violence. Despite there being aggressive and powerful regimes in place in various South Asian countries,
45-560: A particular faction but are in fact working for the faction. One alleged example is the Serbian Party Oathkeepers (SSZ), led under their president Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski , who claim to be opposed to the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS). Controlled opposition can also mean a party or group that stands as a placeholder for the opposition, but who are ultimately completely ineffective and therefore everything
60-446: A whole has also heightened the spread of clearer political opposition. Various factors like censorship, selective censoring, polarization, and echo chambers have changed the way that political opposition presents itself. Many Americans also believe that Social Media sites censor political viewpoints especially when they contradict the status quo. Controlled opposition is the use of black propaganda and saboteurs who claim to oppose
75-413: Is called the speaker of the assembly. The speaker is assisted by the deputy speaker who is also elected by the members. The conduct of a meeting in the house is the responsibility of the speaker. The main function of the assembly is to pass laws and rules. Every bill passed by the house has to be finally approved by the governor before it becomes applicable. The normal term of the legislative assembly
90-715: Is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. In the Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly, 92 members of the ruling Aam Aadmi Party form the treasury benches. The main opposition party in the assembly is Indian National Congress with 18 seats. The other parties which are in opposition are the Shiromani Akali Dal , the Bharatiya Janata Party , the Bahujan Samaj Party and independents . AAP MLA, Kultar Singh Sandhwan
105-771: Is the Vidhan Bhavan in Chandigarh. In the British Raj , an Executive Council was formed under The Indian Councils Act, 1861 . It was only under the Government of India Act 1919 that a Legislative Council was set up in Punjab. Later, under the Government of India Act 1935 , the Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted with a membership of 175. It was summoned for the first time on 1 April 1937. In 1947, Punjab Province
120-623: The Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and Vidhan Parishad (upper house). In 1956 that state was largely merged into Punjab, the strength of the Vidhan Parishad of the new State of Punjab was enhanced from 40 seats to 46 seats and in 1957, it was increased to 51. Punjab was trifurcated in 1966 to form Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , and Punjab. The Vidhan Parishad was reduced to 40 seats and the Vidhan Sabha grew by 50 seats to 104 seats. On 1 January 1970,
135-635: The Vidhan Parishad was abolished leaving the state with a unicameral legislature. The legislature comprises the governor and the Punjab Legislative Assembly, which is the highest political organ in the state. The governor has the power to summon the assembly or to close the same. All members of the legislative assembly are directly elected, normally once in every five years by the eligible voters who are above 18 years of age. The current assembly consists of 117 elected members. The elected members select one of its own members as its chairperson who
150-565: The legislators will get answers on all issues that they raise during the Assembly debates. The answers would be provided during the Zero Hour. This was done for the first time in the history of Punjab Assembly. List of committees and chairpersons for the term 2022-2023. Seat Share Party Leader (Defected from SAD to AAP) Opposition (politics) Scholarship focusing on opposition politics did not become popular or sophisticated until
165-475: The mid-20th century. Recent studies have found that popular unrest regarding the economy and quality of life can be used by political opposition to mobilize and to demand change. Scholars have debated whether political opposition can benefit from political instability and economic crises, while some conclude the opposite. Case studies in Jordan align with mainstream thought in that political opposition can benefit from instability, while case studies in Morocco display
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#1733085543352180-501: The opposition still poses a powerful counter-party. For example, members of opposition have made their way into office in Nepal and Sri Lanka has been hosting elections in regions known to previously not hold them. In these cases, the presence of opposition has brought about positive democratic change. As social media has become a larger part of society and culture around the world, so too has online political opposition. Online communication as
195-574: The state of Punjab in India . The Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 members , directly elected from 117 single-seat constituencies . The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner. The Speaker of the sixteenth assembly is Kultar Singh Sandhwan . The meeting place of the Legislative Assembly since 6 March 1961
210-609: Was announced as the speaker of the assembly. Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann took the oath of office on 16 March at Khatkar Kalan, the ancestral village of Bhagat Singh . Inderbir Singh Nijjar took the oath as Protem Speaker. On 17 March Nijjar administered the oath of office to all the 117 legislators of the Sixteenth Punjab Legislative assembly. Other 10 cabinet ministers of the Mann ministry , took oath on 19 March. On 22 June 2022, Speaker Kultar Singh Sandhwan announced that
225-454: Was partitioned into West Punjab and East Punjab and the 79-member East Punjab Legislative Assembly was formed, the forerunner of the current assembly. After the independence of India , on 15 July 1948, eight princely states of East Punjab grouped together to form a single state, Patiala and East Punjab States Union . The Punjab State Legislature was a bicameral house in April 1952, comprising
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