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74-651: Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest traces of human activity in Istanbul can be found in the Yarımburgaz Cave , located in Başakşehir. Excavations in the area have revealed that the region has a deep historical significance, dating back to prehistoric times. Artifacts discovered within the cave and its surroundings have been identified as belonging to the Paleolithic period , highlighting Başakşehir's role as one of

148-468: A gated community , was developed in 1987 by a consortium consisting of Süzer Group , Emlak Bankası , MESA-Nurol . The project was carried out under the patronage of Turgut Özal , the then Prime Minister of Turkey. The master plan for the area was prepared with consultancy from urban design firms based in the Netherlands and Denmark . Conceived as a suburban residential area, Bahçeşehir was designed with

222-985: A niche market that fails to address the crippling congestion problem in Cairo. In Indonesia, some gated communities are luxurious (with up to 740 square metres (8000 sq ft)), and some are very affordable (with lots ranging from 40 to 120 square metres). From 2000, most of the new residential areas built by private developers are mostly composed of gated communities. Examples include the residential areas of Bumi Serpong Damai in South Tangerang , Tropicana Residence Community in Tangerang City , Telaga Golf Sawangan and Pesona Khayangan in Depok , and Sentul City in Bogor Regency . Gated communities in Indonesia still allow outsiders to use some of

296-466: A climate of fear among the population. The area was previously known as Azatlık . The area specialized in providing gunpowder to the Ottoman army. Later a farm was established in place of Azatlık , the farm was known as Resneli Çiftliği referring to Resneli Niyazi , a military officer from Resen , North Macedonia , then a part of Ottoman Empire, who was a hero of Young Turk Revolution in 1908. After

370-438: A common-area swimming pool, since individual home-owners have the ability to construct their own private pools. A condominium , on the other hand, may offer a community pool, since the individual units do not have the option of a private pool installation. Typical amenities offered can include one or more: In Brazil , the most widespread form of gated community is called " condomínio fechado " (closed housing estate ) and

444-582: A development by Hutchinson Whampoa ; Thomson Golf Villas, and Green Villas. Other gated communities in China such as those in the Daxing District of Beijing enclose the homes of rural migrants. These are intended to reduce crime and increase public order and safety, which the Chinese Communist Party -run People's Daily claims it has, by 73%. The system is controversial as it segregates migrants and

518-421: A focus on green spaces and consisted primarily of villas and apartment buildings. At the time of its development, the area featured facilities such as a country club , an equestrian club , and a nine-hole golf course , reflecting its status as a planned suburban community. These amenities contributed to its identity as one of Turkey's early examples of suburban living. In 1996, Bahçeşehir received recognition from

592-583: A golf course and the Pudong campus of Shanghai American School , is an example. The Shanghai Links project began in 1994 with the signing by the then Prime Minister of Canada, Honourable Jean Chretien , of a Memorandum of Agreement with the Shanghai Pudong New Area Government controlled company, Huaxia Tourism Development Company. Other notable gated communities in Shanghai include Seasons Villas,

666-565: A grand army, beginning the campaign that culminated in the conquest of Constantinople . The route of this army passed through the borders of Küçükçekmece and Başakşehir. During the Ottoman period, the village of Kayabaşı, then known as Aya Yorgi , was a Greek settlement. Alongside the Greek population, Armenians employed at the Baruthane , a gunpowder mill also resided there. Significant developments in

740-543: A health issue since they deny emergency vehicles quick access. A noted exception in Canada is Arbutus Ridge , an age-restricted community constructed between 1988 and 1992 on the southeastern coast of Vancouver Island . More common in most Canadian neighbourhoods, especially the largest cities, is an implicit or symbolic gating which effectively partitions the private infrastructure and amenities of these communities from their surrounding neighbourhoods. A classic example of this

814-425: A historic cave-church and its proximity to the city center. In order to prevent further damage, the cave was closed off with iron bar gates during the scientific excavations between 1988 and 1990. However, because of neglect by the respective authorities, the gates lost their function in later years, and the cave would inevitably become a shelter frequented by drug users and prostitutes, who littered it. Currently,

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888-623: A lesser degree, of cul-de-sacs ) maintain that the reduction or exclusion of people who would be only passing through, or more generally, of all non-local people, makes any "stranger" much more recognisable in the closed local environment, and thus reduces crime danger. However, some have argued that, since only a very small proportion of all non-local people passing through the area are potential criminals, increased traffic should increase rather than decrease safety by having more people around whose presence could deter criminal behaviour or who could provide assistance during an incident. Another criticism

962-439: A number of factors including geographical location, demographic composition, community structure, and community fees collected. When there are sub-associations that belong to master associations, the master association may provide many of the amenities. In general, the larger the association the more amenities that can be provided. Amenities also depend on the type of housing. For example, single-family-home communities may not have

1036-459: A park or other common area . For larger communities, it may be possible for residents to stay within the community for most daily activities. Gated communities are a type of common interest development , but are distinct from intentional communities . For socio-historical reasons, in the developed world they exist primarily in the United States. Given that gated communities are spatially

1110-738: A socially integrated city, gated communities have been the subject of research by sociologists. Gated communities are an important way through middle and upper-class people cope with insecurity in Greater Buenos Aires. As Mara Dicenta writes, "The story of Nordelta exposes how violent environments are enacted through whiteness and drives for elite distinction. Exemplified by Nordelta, MPCs generate profit by transforming rural into elite lands while rearticulating racial and spatial borders that make distinctions sharper, more guarded, and less porous—between centers and peripheries, grounded and flooded lands, or poachers and conservationists. MPCs originated in

1184-626: A symbol of wealth. However, gated communities enjoy dubious social prestige (many members of the middle and upper middle class regard gated community dwellers as nouveaux riches or snobs ). While most gated communities have only houses, some bigger ones, such as Nordelta , have their own hospital, school, shopping mall, and more. In post-apartheid South Africa , gated communities have mushroomed in response to high levels of violent crime. They are commonly referred to as "complexes" but also broadly classified as "security villages" (large-scale privately developed areas) or "enclosed neighbourhoods". Some of

1258-487: A type of enclave , Setha M. Low, an anthropologist, has argued that they have a negative effect on the net social capital of the broader community outside the gated community. Some gated communities, usually called "guard-gated communities", are staffed by private security guards and are often home to high-value properties, and/or are set up as retirement villages . Besides the services of gatekeepers , many gated communities provide other amenities. These may depend on

1332-555: Is a cave of significant archaeological and paleontological importance, located within Istanbul Province , Turkey. Yarımburgaz Cave is approximately 20 km (12 mi) west of the city of Istanbul , and about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) north of Lake Küçükçekmece and south of Sazlıdere Dam . It is situated in a locality known today as Altınşehir, within the neighborhood of Güvercintepe in Başakşehir district. The cave

1406-527: Is a concept that emerged in response to the rise of safety and security issues, and offers more advantages in terms of a calm environment and enhanced safety that is ideal for family development. Several gated communities now exist on the island of Mauritius since the government introduced Integrated Resort Schemes (IRS) and Real Estate Schemes (RES) in the mid-1990s. Recently they have been amalgamated into Property Development Schemes (PDS). The government also introduced Smart City permits and in 2016 it secured

1480-608: Is a trend -especially in Guayaquil- of houses in gated communities with moderate prices. Due to the population boom and an increasing class segregation, gated communities have been more and more established in Egypt since the 1970s. Greater Cairo , for example, is home to El Rehab and Dreamland, Mountain View Egypt . There is also El Maamoura in Alexandria . They were criticized for being

1554-493: Is also listed as "Cultural Property under Enhanced Protection". During the last two decades, the cave suffered serious, irreversible damage caused by the external interactions of humans. Following scientific excavations inside the cave, and the related publications in the 1990s, the cave gained wide popularity. For this reason, it was brought to the attention of several picnickers, treasure hunters, illegal explorers, amateur speleologists and archaeologists due to its past use as

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1628-526: Is an important fossil site which has been researched by archeologists , paleontologists , geoarchaeologists and biospeleologists . Scientific exploration of the cave began in the mid-19th century. Excavation attempts made in 1920 were followed by systematic archaeological work in the 1980s financially supported by the National Geographic Society . In the Byzantine era , a cave-church

1702-596: Is home to İstanbul Başakşehir F.K ., a football club competing in the Turkish Süper Lig . The district also features prominent sports venues, including Atatürk Olympic Stadium , one of the largest stadiums in Turkey, and Başakşehir Fatih Terim Stadium , which serves as the home ground for Başakşehir F.K. Bahçeşehir Tennis Club ( Turkish : Bahçeşehir Tenis Kulübü ) offers a variety of tennis facilities, including 1 wall court, 2 outdoor courts, and 2 indoor courts. Başakşehir

1776-677: Is home to several non-governmental organizations, including the Bahçeşehirliler Derneği , founded in 1997, which aims to serve the local community. The district also hosts the Bahçeşehir Rotary Club , and the Bahçeşehir Musıki Derneği , a classical Turkish music association established in 1998, known for its choir, which includes citizens from Bahçeşehir. Başakşehir hosts a range of educational institutions, including both public and private schools. Private schools in

1850-635: Is represented by schools such as Bahçeşehir Süleyman Demirel İlkokulu, an elementary school opened by President Süleyman Demirel , and Bahçeşehir Anaokulu, which operates as an eco-school and forest school . Additionally, Başakşehir M. Emin Saraç Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi offers programs in English , Arabic , and Russian . The district is served by several public libraries , including Bahçeşehir Public Library, Bahçeşehir Bahçekent Teoman Duralı Library, and Başakşehir Necip Fazıl Kısakürek Library. Başakşehir

1924-429: Is solid, which is considered advantageous in the event of a potential earthquake in Istanbul. Başakşehir Millet Bahçesi is a public green space in the district, covering an area of 280,000 m², offering a range of recreational opportunities. Bahçeşehir Göleti ( English : Bahçeşehir Pound), the first and largest artificial pond in Istanbul, spans 26,000 m² and contributes to the district's natural environment. Başakşehir

1998-686: Is still neglected despite its importance and status. Gated community A gated community (or walled community ) is a form of residential community or housing estate containing strictly controlled entrances for pedestrians , bicycles , and automobiles , and often characterized by a closed perimeter of walls and fences. Historically, cities have built defensive city walls and controlled gates to protect their inhabitants, and such fortifications have also separated quarters of some cities. Today, gated communities usually consist of small residential streets and include various shared amenities. For smaller communities, these amenities may include only

2072-460: Is that gated communities offer a false sense of security. Some studies indicate that safety in gated communities may be more illusion than reality and that gated communities in suburban areas of the United States have no less crime than similar non-gated neighbourhoods. A commentary in The New York Times specifically blames the gated communities for the shooting death of Trayvon Martin as

2146-601: Is the affluent Montreal suburb of Mount Royal , which has a long fence running along its side of L'Acadie Boulevard that for all intents and purposes separates the community from the more working-class neighbourhood of Park Extension . Also, many newer suburban subdivisions employ decorative gates to give the impression of exclusivity and seclusion. Some gated communities have been planned in recent years in Greater Toronto, although they are infrequent. In China, some of these compounds, like most other gated communities around

2220-580: Is the largest concentration of gated communities in the world, stretching over 140 square kilometres (54 sq mi). The surrounding areas of Santa Fe, Bosques-Lomas, Interlomas-Bosque Real, are also made up predominantly of gated communities and span over 30% of Greater Mexico City . Many smaller gated communities in Mexico are not officially classified as separate gated communities as many municipal rules prohibit closed off roads. Most of these small neighbourhoods cater to lower middle income residents and offer

2294-413: Is the object of desire of the upper classes. Such a place is a small town with its own infrastructure (reserve power supply, sanitation, and security guards ). The purpose of such a community is to protect its residents from exterior violence. The same philosophy is seen on closed buildings and most shopping centres (many of them can only be accessed from inside the parking lot or the garage). In Mexico ,

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2368-465: Is well-connected to other parts of Istanbul through an extensive transportation network, including metro, railway lines, and bus services. The district is served by the [REDACTED] M3 Metro Line , which connects Başakşehir to the city center and other districts. Additionally, the [REDACTED] M7 Metro Line also has stations in Başakşehir, further improving connectivity within the city. The [REDACTED] M9 Metro Line enhances access by linking

2442-544: The Balkan Wars . Troop movements and the care of refugees and soldiers took place along the railway, with temporary Red Crescent hospitals established in Ayastefanos , Hadımköy , and Ispartakule. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 saw Russian forces advance to Yeşilköy , devastating the regions they passed through. They established headquarters there, prompting the Ottoman government to seek an armistice. The Edirne Armistice

2516-635: The United Nations Habitat Programme with an award for "Sustainable Human Settlements." The district was also honored by the American Institute of Architects for its urban design. On March 6, 2008, with the enactment of Law No. 5747 on the "Establishment of Districts within the Boundaries of Metropolitan Municipalities and Amendments to Certain Laws," the legal entity of Bahçeşehir Municipality

2590-474: The last interglacial period and beneath debris from Byzantine and later times. The beach sand covers sediments with Lower Paleolithic artifacts . The upper cave was destroyed by treasure hunting and illicit diggings, which left 2–3 m (6.6–9.8 ft)-deep pits. Unlike the prehistoric deposits found in the lower cave, the upper cave lacks any evidence of debris from that era. The existence of paleontological and archaeological findings point towards

2664-594: The 1980s, a few have been built. The most well-known are those at Hope Island , in particular Sanctuary Cove , on the Gold Coast of Queensland . Other similar projects are being built in the area. In Victoria , the first such development is Sanctuary Lakes , in the local government area of Wyndham , about 16 km south west of Melbourne . In New South Wales , there is Macquarie Links gated community as well as Southgate Estate gated community. Many Australian gated communities are built within private golf courses. In

2738-500: The ACT, the only example is Uriarra Village, based around community horse paddocks and dwellings jointly managed through strata title. The trade association for real estate developers in Bangladesh , RAJUK , stated in 2021 that the capital city Dhaka had approximately 25 gated communities. While RAJUK claimed that these communities adhered to the global standard of keeping 60% of the land in

2812-467: The Forty Thieves"), based on the folk tale Ali Baba , with a role as the treasure cave that opens with the magic words " open sesame " and closes off with "close sesame", respectively. For the filming of an episode of the television series Küçük Ağa (English: "Little Agha"), historic frescos on the cave walls were scratched off and removed, and some of them were painted over with exit signs . During

2886-536: The U.S. and continue to circulate American imaginaries of race, segregation, and neoliberal commons worldwide. In this process, they are met with different forms of slow violence rooted in colonial and postcolonial national geographies. Furthermore, in seeking to capitalize on those racialized differences, global real estate corporations also circulate and help materialize homogenizing visions of racial formation." Although gated communities have been rare in Australia, since

2960-567: The United States while retaining houses of similar size and quality due to the commonness of the communities and the lower cost to build them and are priced lower to attract middle class residents. Many gated communities in Mexico have fully independent and self-contained infrastructure, such as schools, water and power facilities, security and fire forces, and medical facilities. Some of the larger gated communities even retain their own school districts and police departments. The Interlomas area of Mexico City contains hundreds of gated communities and

3034-559: The area occurred with the construction of the Chemins de fer Orientaux . On October 7, 1869, German financier Maurice de Hirsch received a concession for the railways, and the Yedikule–Küçükçekmece Line began construction on June 4, 1869. The line was inaugurated on January 4, 1871, with Sirkeci designated as its starting point. Increased activity around Ispartakule Railway Station during this period brought challenges, including

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3108-448: The assistance of Saudi Arabia to launch the government's version of a gated Smart City known as Heritage City Project which was proposed at Minissy, in the region of Ebène, with the assistance of Saudi Arabia. Gated communities in Mexico are a result of the huge income gap existing in the country. A 2008 study found that the average income in an urban area of Mexico was $ 26,654, a rate higher than advanced regions like Spain or Greece while

3182-567: The average income in rural areas (sometimes just a short distance away) was only $ 8,403. This close a proximity of wealth and poverty has created a large security risk for Mexico's middle class. Gated communities can be found in virtually every medium and large-sized city in Mexico with the largest found in major cities, such as Monterrey , Mexico City or Guadalajara . Luxury or "status" gated communities are very popular with middle to high income residents in Mexico. Gated luxury communities in Mexico are considerably cheaper than in countries such as

3256-455: The cave walls are painted and scratched with graffiti . To establish a mushroom farm inside the cave, the cave grounds were leveled by a grader. The mouth of the cave was enlarged even to enable the grader's entry. The cave was also used several times as a setting in filmmaking and television productions that left permanent modifications inside the cave. The cave featured in the 1971 movie Ali Baba ve Kırk Haramiler (English: "Ali Baba and

3330-588: The columnist states that "gated communities churn a vicious cycle by attracting like-minded residents who seek shelter from outsiders and whose physical seclusion then worsens paranoid groupthink against outsiders." In a paper, Vanessa Watson includes gated communities within a class of "African urban fantasies": attempts to remake African cities in the vein of Dubai or Singapore. In Watson's analysis, this kind of urban planning prizes exclusionary and self-contained spaces that limit opportunities for interaction between different classes, while worsening marginalization of

3404-508: The district include the Bahçeşehir British International School Istanbul , TED Bahçeşehir College , Bahçeşehir FMV Işık Okulları , Bahçeşehir College and Başakşehir Çınar Koleji. Başakşehir is home to İstanbul Technical University İsmail Dede Efendi High School for Fine Arts. Ibn Haldun University is located in the Başakşehir, with English as the medium of instruction. Public education in Başakşehir

3478-843: The district to Ataköy , with stops in Başakşehir. The [REDACTED] M11 Metro Line provides a direct link between Başakşehir and Istanbul Airport , offering convenient access for travelers. In addition, the [REDACTED] Halkalı-Bahçeşehir Rail System extends through the district, providing rail service to both the European and Asian sides of Istanbul. For bus transportation, there are direct double-decker bus routes from Bahçeşehir to key locations in Istanbul, including Taksim , Yenikapı , Bakırköy and Mecidiyeköy . There are 10 neighbourhoods in Başakşehir District: Yar%C4%B1mburgaz Cave Yarimburgaz Cave ( Turkish : Yarımburgaz Mağarası )

3552-484: The earliest known human settlements in the area. Başakşehir, located around the historical Via Egnatia that connected the Byzantine Empire ’s western territories to Europe, has historically been of strategic importance. Its southern region, in particular, was a key passageway during incursions into Istanbul, making it a transit point for various invasions. On March 23, 1453, Sultan Mehmed II departed Edirne with

3626-620: The facilities inside the community because there is a regulation that the social facilities in the residential development should be handed to the local government to be used by the public. Two examples of gated community in Italy are Olgiata in Rome and the village of Roccamare , in Castiglione della Pescaia , Tuscany . Because of the pollution, the lack of proper infrastructure, electrical power and green spaces in residential areas outside of Beirut ,

3700-430: The filming of the science-fiction movie Yorr’un Öyküsü (English: "The Story of Yorr"), a large pool was built inside the cave, which was then detonated by explosives according to the scenario. The cave also became a setting for the television comedy series Leyla ile Mecnun produced by the state-owned Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), in which fire was set to depict hell. The filming of some episodes of

3774-699: The first large-scale gated community projects in São Paulo city region was Barueri 's Alphaville , planned and constructed during the 1970s military dictatorship when the big cities of Brazil faced steep increases of car ownership by the middle and higher-classes, rural exodus , poverty, crime, urban sprawl , and downtown decay . Neighbourhoods with "physical" or explicit gating with security checkpoints and patrols are extremely rare, being absent in even some of Canada's richest neighbourhoods such as Bridle Path, Toronto . Furthermore, municipal planning laws in many Canadian provinces ban locked gates on public roads as

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3848-544: The fossils of several species of Middle Pleistocene bats ( Chiroptera ), including horseshoe bats ( Rhinolophus ), mouse-eared bats ( Myotis ), long-eared bats ( Plecotus ) and bent-winged bats ( Miniopterus ). Some artifacts found in Yarımburgaz Cave are exhibited in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums . In 2001, Yarımburgaz Cave was declared an archaeological-nature reserve of first grade. It

3922-556: The gated communities. Also, the high risk of burglaries was found consistent in both daytime and night-time. As this research on the effect of gated communities in South Africa reflects a negative correlation between the use of gated communities and crime prevention, the effectiveness of gated communities is in doubt. The closed cities of Russia are different from the gated communities. A limited number of gated communities have long been established for foreigners in various countries of

3996-573: The gated community for open spaces and common use, the Bangladesh Institute of Planners disputed this claim, advocating for fewer gated communities in the city centres. Brazil also has many gated communities, particularly in the metropolitan regions Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo . For example, one of São Paulo's suburbs, Tamboré , has at least 6 such compounds known as Tamboré 1, 2, 3, and so on. Each consists of generously spaced detached houses with very little to separate front gardens. One of

4070-488: The gated zone as well, such as parks, gyms, party rooms, pools and maintenance by the residential's administration. Condominios are commonly similar to fraccionamientos and privadas, but applied in a scheme of apartment buildings. In Pakistan , gated communities are located in big as well as small cities and are considered the standard of high quality living. Defence Housing Authority and Bahria Town are major private gated community developers and administrators and one of

4144-599: The high class society chooses to reside in gated communities for a better living environment. Gated communities in Lebanon are mainly in the suburbs of the capital city Beirut . In Malaysia, these are known as Gated and Guarded Communities and have been seeing a steady increase in popularity. Currently, according to the Town and Country Planning Department, there are four types of gated communities in Malaysia, namely: The gated community

4218-462: The largest in the world. The assets of Bahria Town itself are worth $ 30 billion. Most gated communities in Pakistan have public parks, schools, hospitals, shopping malls, gymnasiums, and country clubs. In Argentina , they are called " barrios privados " (literal translation "private neighbourhoods") or just "countries" (which comes from a shortening of the term " country club ") and are often seen as

4292-466: The late 1990s on against foreigners in general and U.S. citizens in particular, gates became armed, sometimes heavily, and all vehicles are inspected. Marksmen and Saudi Arabian National Guard armored vehicles appeared in certain times, markedly after recent terrorist attacks in areas near-by, targeting people from European or North American countries. Gated communities are rare in continental Europe and Japan. Proponents of gated communities (and to

4366-431: The lower cave has a length of 500 m (1,600 ft), the upper is only 52 m (171 ft) long. After about 25 m (82 ft) inside, a short, sloping passage connects both caves. The lower cave is in the form of a meandering tunnel, forking into two at a distance of 240 m (790 ft) from the mouth. The upper cave's chamber is 15 m (49 ft) wide and 10 m (33 ft) in height. The cave

4440-448: The most common form of a gated community is called privada, fraccionamiento, or condominio, in which privadas and fraccionamientos are mostly composed of individual, single-family houses grouped, these may vary on size and shape, sometimes, houses will be individually developed and built while in others (primarily in fraccionamientos) houses are of the same design and shape. In fraccionamientos, these houses may have access to amenities within

4514-470: The new apartment compounds have 24/7 guards on duty, and for some high-end residences, facial recognition systems to grant residents and domestic workers entry into the compound. The most famous of which is Clifford Estates in Guangzhou. In Saudi Arabia, gated communities have existed since the discovery of oil, mainly to accommodate families from Europe or North America. After threat levels increased from

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4588-420: The newest neighbourhoods being developed are almost entirely composed of security villages, some with malls and few other essential services (such as hospitals). In part, property developers have adopted this response to counter squatting , which local residents fear due to associated crime, and which often results in a protracted eviction process. They are popular in southern China and Hong Kong , where most of

4662-625: The poor, with some claiming its true purpose is to keep track of migrants, but it is scheduled for implementation in Changping District also. Ecuador has many gated communities, mostly in Guayaquil and Quito . In the coastal city of Guayaquil, gated communities are mostly located in Samborondón , and in Quito in the valleys surrounding the city. These are home mostly for the wealthiest. However there

4736-455: The proclamation of the Republic of Turkey, Başakşehir was administered as part of Bakırköy district for many years. On March 6, 2008, the municipality of Başakşehir was officially established under Law No. 5747. At the 2013 Turkish local government reorganisation , the rural part of the district was integrated into the municipality, the villages becoming neighbourhoods. Bahçeşehir , conceived as

4810-573: The region. Many were settled in state-owned lands, including the Sazlıbosna area, as well as villages and farms in Başakşehir. The Crimean War refugees were granted land for their needs, though some struggled to pay the accumulating rents and requested debt forgiveness. During the British occupation of Istanbul following World War I , local villages such as Şamlar were subjected to military raids. British forces conducted searches and confiscated weapons, creating

4884-502: The television series Muhteşem Yüzyıl (English: "The Magnificent Century"), a prime-time historical soap opera , inside the cave without proper permission allegedly caused damage to the cave. As such, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism filed a complaint against the producers. A group of local politicians inspected the cave in February 2015, and reported that the cave's protection

4958-515: The urban poor. A study done by Breetzke, Landman & Cohn (2014) had investigated the effect of gated communities on individual's risk of burglary victimization in South Africa. Results shown that not only are gated communities not able to reduce burglary, but even facilitate criminal activities. For both the gated communities and the areas surrounding them, the densities of burglary were found to be four times higher than that of Tshwane. The crime rates did not decrease in areas that were far away from

5032-1030: The use of the cave as a human and an animal habitat, alternatively. The finds include bones of herbivore and carnivore mammals , marine and freshwater molluscs , microfauna as well as artifacts like potsherds , knives on flint , oldowans , choppers and hammerstones on quartzite , as well as manuports . The wide variety of prehistoric faunal specimens belong to bones of herbivore mammals such as cave bears ( Ursus deningeri ), horses ( Equus caballus ), wild boars ( Sus scrofa ), fallow deer ( Dama dama ), roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), deer ( Megaloceros ), cattle ( Bos / Bison ), antilopes ( Gazella ), goats ( Capra ), and carnivores such as wolves and dogs ( Canis ), foxes ( Vulpes ), tigers ( Panthera ), cats ( Felis ) and hyenas ( Crocuta ). Findings of "more than 5000 fossil bones and teeth of cave and brown bears", which provide some chronological indicators, led to their extensive scientific study. Another subject of such extensive study were

5106-502: The world, target the rich. Also many foreigners live in gated communities in Beijing . Often foreign companies choose the locations where their foreign employees will live, and in most cases, they pay the rent and associated costs (e.g. management fees and garden work). Similar communities exist in Shanghai , another major Chinese city. Shanghai Links, an exclusive expatriate community enclosing

5180-557: The world: There are many gated communities in Argentina, especially in Greater Buenos Aires , in the suburb of Pilar , 60 km N of Buenos Aires city, and in other suburban areas, such as Nordelta . Tortugas Country Club was the first gated community developed in Argentina, dating from the 1930s/1940s, but most date from the 1990s, when liberal reforms were consolidated. Since Buenos Aires has been traditionally regarded as

5254-649: Was carved into the walls of the upper cave, and a monastery was built outside the cave mouth. Although these alterations may have resulted in the loss of prehistoric material, some artefacts remain in the cave. In the upper cave, traces of settlements were found dating back to the Upper Paleolithic subdivision of the Stone Age up until the Chalcolithic period of the Bronze Age . These traces were lying on beach sand from

5328-574: Was dissolved, and the area was incorporated into Başakşehir. Başakşehir is located in the European part of Istanbul, also known as Rumeli . To the northwest lies the Sazlıdere Dam reservoir, while the Sea of Marmara is to the south. The O-3 European Motorway , also known as E80 European Route , begins in Mahmutbey within Başakşehir and runs westward towards Edirne. It is noted that the ground in Başakşehir

5402-486: Was formed as a result of a subterranean river eroding an ancient limestone formation. It has two entrances, one above the other. The lower entrance is at an altitude of 11.5 m (38 ft) AMSL , which the upper entrance is situated 7 m (23 ft) above. The cave is on the eastern bank of the Sazlıdere creek, which empties into Lake Küçükçekmece. The entrances face southwards overlooking Sazlıdere Valley. Whereas

5476-577: Was signed on January 31, 1878, ending the conflict. Before their retreat, the Russians destroyed much of the area, including the Azadlu Baruthanesi in Başakşehir, forcing residents to flee. Following the Balkan Wars , Muslim refugees displaced by enemy invasions were resettled in Başakşehir by the Ottoman government. Earlier migrations, such as those after the Crimean War , had brought Crimean Tatars to

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