95-472: The BYD Song ( Chinese : 比亚迪宋 , after the Song dynasty ) is a series of compact crossover SUVs produced by BYD Auto since 2015. The Song nameplate consists of several different models. It includes the original first-generation Song, later renamed to Song Classic and was sold until 2019. Another versions are the slightly larger Song Pro was introduced in 2019, followed by the more upmarket Song Plus in 2020,
190-547: A family . Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese , of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin with 66%, or around 800 million speakers, followed by Min (75 million, e.g. Southern Min ), Wu (74 million, e.g. Shanghainese ), and Yue (68 million, e.g. Cantonese ). These branches are unintelligible to each other, and many of their subgroups are unintelligible with
285-464: A nucleus that has a vowel (which can be a monophthong , diphthong , or even a triphthong in certain varieties), preceded by an onset (a single consonant , or consonant + glide ; a zero onset is also possible), and followed (optionally) by a coda consonant; a syllable also carries a tone . There are some instances where a vowel is not used as a nucleus. An example of this is in Cantonese, where
380-457: A subject–verb–object word order , and like many other languages of East Asia, makes frequent use of the topic–comment construction to form sentences. Chinese also has an extensive system of classifiers and measure words , another trait shared with neighboring languages such as Japanese and Korean. Other notable grammatical features common to all the spoken varieties of Chinese include the use of serial verb construction , pronoun dropping , and
475-670: A "brand new generation", the 2018 model shares the same body as the previous models. The Song Pro was introduced in early 2019. Based on the BNA (BYD New Architecture) platform shared with the Qin Pro , the Song Pro is positioned in the Chinese A+-class SUV segment, equivalent to a space between the global C-segment and D-segment . Its front end design adopts the "Dragon Face 2.0", the second-generation BYD Dragon face design language. The Song Pro
570-454: A 6-speed manual gearbox or a 6-speed automatic gearbox while the 2.0-litre engine could only be had with a 6-speed DCT gearbox. Early models with S3 badging has black graphic details on the front bumpers and regular BYD badge instead of the single body color and Dynasty-badging Song. Later in 2018, a second facelift updating the BYD Song with the new "Dragon Face" design language. BYD introduced
665-505: A Chinese character is the morpheme, as characters represent the smallest grammatical units with individual meanings in the Chinese language. Estimates of the total number of Chinese words and lexicalized phrases vary greatly. The Hanyu Da Zidian , a compendium of Chinese characters, includes 54,678 head entries for characters, including oracle bone versions. The Zhonghua Zihai (1994) contains 85,568 head entries for character definitions and
760-587: A NEDC range of 270 km (168 mi) and a 60 km/h (37 mph) range of 300 km (186 mi) running on a 48 kWh battery pack while the Song EV400 runs on 62 kWh ones. As for the exterior appearances, the EV300 is identical to the regular Song and Song DM, while the EV400 received redesigned bumpers. A facelift was launched in 2018 featuring the new BYD dragon face and connected tail lamps. Despite being marketed as
855-595: A Shanghai resident may speak both Standard Chinese and Shanghainese ; if they grew up elsewhere, they are also likely fluent in the dialect of their home region. In addition to Standard Chinese, a majority of Taiwanese people also speak Taiwanese Hokkien (also called 台語 ; 'Taiwanese' ), Hakka , or an Austronesian language . A speaker in Taiwan may mix pronunciations and vocabulary from Standard Chinese and other languages of Taiwan in everyday speech. In part due to traditional cultural ties with Guangdong , Cantonese
950-462: A central variety (i.e. prestige variety, such as Standard Mandarin), as the issue requires some careful handling when mutual intelligibility is inconsistent with language identity. The Chinese government's official Chinese designation for the major branches of Chinese is 方言 ; fāngyán ; 'regional speech', whereas the more closely related varieties within these are called 地点方言 ; 地點方言 ; dìdiǎn fāngyán ; 'local speech'. Because of
1045-597: A compromise between the pronunciations of different regions. The royal courts of the Ming and early Qing dynasties operated using a koiné language known as Guanhua , based on the Nanjing dialect of Mandarin. Standard Chinese is an official language of both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan), one of the four official languages of Singapore , and one of
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#17328759786871140-612: A conventional petrol-powered vehicle. The all-electric variant offers a NEDC range of 520 kilometres (320 mi). The Qin was designed with BYD's next-generation, more efficient, dual-mode, electric powertrain. The BYD Qin uses a smaller lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO 4 , or LFP) than its predecessor, the F3DM: 13 kWh instead of 16 kWh. The LiFePO 4 battery has a high energy density, can withstand up to 4,000 charges and still retain 80 percent performance, and uses no toxic heavy metals in its manufacture. Due to its improved design,
1235-700: A corresponding increase in the number of homophones . As an example, the small Langenscheidt Pocket Chinese Dictionary lists six words that are commonly pronounced as shí in Standard Chinese: In modern spoken Mandarin, however, tremendous ambiguity would result if all of these words could be used as-is. The 20th century Yuen Ren Chao poem Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den exploits this, consisting of 92 characters all pronounced shi . As such, most of these words have been replaced in speech, if not in writing, with less ambiguous disyllabic compounds. Only
1330-500: A facelift and was updated with the DM-i powertrain from December 2021 for the 2022 model year. From 2022, the DM-i is the only remaining Song Pro model on sale. The Song Pro DM-i is powered by a 1.5-litre plug-in hybrid engine connected with the EHS system producing 173 kW and 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) acceleration is completed in 7.9 seconds. It is equipped with an E-CVT gearbox. In 2023,
1425-747: A larger electric vehicle called the Song L EV since 2023, and a plug-in hybrid called the Song L DM-i . The Song nameplate is also adopted by the Song Max compact MPV . Since 2024, the Song Plus is exported overseas as the BYD Seal U and BYD Sealion 6 . Similar to other BYD models, the Song has been available in petrol, plug-in hybrid DM (Dual Mode) system, and pure EV powertrains. The petrol versions were discontinued in March 2022 as BYD ended ICE vehicle production. The Song
1520-564: A millennium. The Four Commanderies of Han were established in northern Korea in the 1st century BCE but disintegrated in the following centuries. Chinese Buddhism spread over East Asia between the 2nd and 5th centuries CE, and with it the study of scriptures and literature in Literary Chinese. Later, strong central governments modeled on Chinese institutions were established in Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, with Literary Chinese serving as
1615-614: A petrol engine or with an all-electric drivetrain. In the all-electric variant, the battery capacity is 53.1 kWh (191 MJ). The second generation Qin was introduced as the Qin Pro in 2018, and was revised in 2021 as the Qin Plus. With its enlarged dimensions, the sedan occupies a higher segment, commonly known as the "A+ class" in China which is larger than the global C-segment . The BYD Qin Pro
1710-538: A secure reconstruction of Proto-Sino-Tibetan, the higher-level structure of the family remains unclear. A top-level branching into Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages is often assumed, but has not been convincingly demonstrated. The first written records appeared over 3,000 years ago during the Shang dynasty . As the language evolved over this period, the various local varieties became mutually unintelligible. In reaction, central governments have repeatedly sought to promulgate
1805-503: A similar way to the use of Latin and Ancient Greek roots in European languages. Many new compounds, or new meanings for old phrases, were created in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to name Western concepts and artifacts. These coinages, written in shared Chinese characters, have then been borrowed freely between languages. They have even been accepted into Chinese, a language usually resistant to loanwords, because their foreign origin
1900-474: A torque of 740 N⋅m (546 lb⋅ft) in HEV mode and manages 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 4.9 seconds. Fuel efficiency is 1.4 L/100 km (170 mpg ‑US ; 71 km/L). The Song EV300 and the Song EV400 are both electric versions of the Song based on the regular petrol-powered BYD Song, and both use 218 hp (163 kW) and 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) electric motors. The Song EV300 has
1995-506: A total of 304 horsepower (227 kW; 308 PS). The top speed of the BYD Qin Pro is 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph) and can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 5.9 seconds. The BYD Qin Pro EV (the battery electric variant) features a 69.5 kWh battery in the top version. For 2021, BYD introduced the Qin Plus ( Chinese : 秦PLUS ) as the refreshed version of
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#17328759786872090-610: A unified standard. The earliest examples of Old Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones dated to c. 1250 BCE , during the Late Shang . The next attested stage came from inscriptions on bronze artifacts dating to the Western Zhou period (1046–771 BCE), the Classic of Poetry and portions of the Book of Documents and I Ching . Scholars have attempted to reconstruct
2185-563: A variety of Yue from a small coastal area around Taishan, Guangdong . In parts of South China, the dialect of a major city may be only marginally intelligible to its neighbors. For example, Wuzhou and Taishan are located approximately 260 km (160 mi) and 190 km (120 mi) away from Guangzhou respectively, but the Yue variety spoken in Wuzhou is more similar to the Guangzhou dialect than
2280-581: Is 15.5:1. The car is equipped with an E-CVT transmission. In February 2023, BYD introduced the Qin Plus DM-i Champion Edition with a reduced price. In February 2024, BYD reduced the price of the vehicle further by introducing the Qin Plus DM-i Honor Edition. The company remarked that it is "officially opening a new era of electricity (vehicle) is lower than oil (petrol-powered vehicle)." From February 2024, BYD started selling
2375-596: Is Taishanese. Wuzhou is located directly upstream from Guangzhou on the Pearl River , whereas Taishan is to Guangzhou's southwest, with the two cities separated by several river valleys. In parts of Fujian , the speech of some neighbouring counties or villages is mutually unintelligible. Local varieties of Chinese are conventionally classified into seven dialect groups, largely based on the different evolution of Middle Chinese voiced initials: Proportions of first-language speakers The classification of Li Rong , which
2470-611: Is based on the Qin Plus with the same powertrain, with redesigned front and rear fascias and dashboard. While the Qin Plus is sold through Dynasty Network dealerships, the Destroyer 05 is part of the Ocean Network dealership line-up. The Qin Plus DM-i was launched in January 2021 and went on sale in March 2021 in China. It is one of the first BYD products with its updated plug-in hybrid system,
2565-485: Is called either 华语 ; 華語 ; Huáyǔ or 汉语 ; 漢語 ; Hànyǔ ). Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. The governments of both China and Taiwan intend for speakers of all Chinese speech varieties to use it as a common language of communication. Therefore, it is used in government agencies, in the media, and as a language of instruction in schools. Diglossia is common among Chinese speakers. For example,
2660-595: Is often described as a 'monosyllabic' language. However, this is only partially correct. It is largely accurate when describing Old and Middle Chinese; in Classical Chinese, around 90% of words consist of a single character that corresponds one-to-one with a morpheme , the smallest unit of meaning in a language. In modern varieties, it usually remains the case that morphemes are monosyllabic—in contrast, English has many multi-syllable morphemes, both bound and free , such as 'seven', 'elephant', 'para-' and '-able'. Some of
2755-445: Is only about an eighth as many as English. All varieties of spoken Chinese use tones to distinguish words. A few dialects of north China may have as few as three tones, while some dialects in south China have up to 6 or 12 tones, depending on how one counts. One exception from this is Shanghainese which has reduced the set of tones to a two-toned pitch accent system much like modern Japanese. A very common example used to illustrate
2850-724: Is part of Dynasty series product line, although since 2022 the Song Plus is offered through the Ocean Network dealerships. The Song is BYD's best-selling vehicle, and one of the most popular SUV in China by ranking first in the SUV segment in 2022. In that year, the Song sold 478,811 units, surpassing the Tesla Model Y and Haval H6 in the market. The original BYD Song debuted on the Shanghai Auto Show in April 2015, and went on sale in October 2015. It
2945-508: Is powered by a 71 kWh ternary lithium battery and has a combined power output of 135 kW (184 PS; 181 hp). BYD claimed an NEDC electric range of 502 km (312 mi). It was available until 2021 as a 2019 model year. The plug-in hybrid version was powered by the same 1.5-litre turbo engine as the petrol version while producing 118 kW (160 PS; 158 hp) with a fuel consumption of 1.4 L/100 km (170 mpg ‑US ; 71 km/L). The Song Pro received
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3040-668: Is specifically meant. However, when one of the above words forms part of a compound, the disambiguating syllable is generally dropped and the resulting word is still disyllabic. For example, 石 ; shí alone, and not 石头 ; 石頭 ; shítou , appears in compounds as meaning 'stone' such as 石膏 ; shígāo ; 'plaster', 石灰 ; shíhuī ; 'lime', 石窟 ; shíkū ; 'grotto', 石英 ; 'quartz', and 石油 ; shíyóu ; 'petroleum'. Although many single-syllable morphemes ( 字 ; zì ) can stand alone as individual words, they more often than not form multi-syllable compounds known as 词 ; 詞 ; cí , which more closely resembles
3135-602: Is the first product of the second generation BYD Qin sedans; it debuted at the 2018 Beijing Auto Show. Initially sold alongside the first generation BYD Qin, it is the first BYD sedan to be designed by BYD's new chief designer, Wolfgang Egger . The 2019 Qin Pro uses a "Dragon Face" design of the front grille. It is equipped with a rotating DiLink 12.8 inch touchscreen, and a suite of advanced safety and driver-assistance systems including an adaptive cruise control system with stop-and-go (ACC-S&G) and an automatic emergency braking system (AEB). High-strength steel comprises 73.5% of
3230-484: Is the largest reference work based purely on character and its literary variants. The CC-CEDICT project (2010) contains 97,404 contemporary entries including idioms, technology terms, and names of political figures, businesses, and products. The 2009 version of the Webster's Digital Chinese Dictionary (WDCD), based on CC-CEDICT, contains over 84,000 entries. The most comprehensive pure linguistic Chinese-language dictionary,
3325-496: Is used as an everyday language in Hong Kong and Macau . The designation of various Chinese branches remains controversial. Some linguists and most ordinary Chinese people consider all the spoken varieties as one single language, as speakers share a common national identity and a common written form. Others instead argue that it is inappropriate to refer to major branches of Chinese such as Mandarin, Wu, and so on as "dialects" because
3420-497: Is used in education, media, formal speech, and everyday life—though Mandarin is increasingly taught in schools due to the mainland's growing influence. Historically, the Chinese language has spread to its neighbors through a variety of means. Northern Vietnam was incorporated into the Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE) in 111 BCE, marking the beginning of a period of Chinese control that ran almost continuously for
3515-540: Is used in the Language Atlas of China (1987), distinguishes three further groups: Some varieties remain unclassified, including the Danzhou dialect on Hainan , Waxianghua spoken in western Hunan , and Shaozhou Tuhua spoken in northern Guangdong . Standard Chinese is the standard language of China (where it is called 普通话 ; pǔtōnghuà ) and Taiwan, and one of the four official languages of Singapore (where it
3610-428: Is very complex, with a large number of consonants and vowels, but they are probably not all distinguished in any single dialect. Most linguists now believe it represents a diasystem encompassing 6th-century northern and southern standards for reading the classics. The complex relationship between spoken and written Chinese is an example of diglossia : as spoken, Chinese varieties have evolved at different rates, while
3705-735: The Qieyun rime dictionary (601 CE), and a late period in the 10th century, reflected by rhyme tables such as the Yunjing constructed by ancient Chinese philologists as a guide to the Qieyun system. These works define phonological categories but with little hint of what sounds they represent. Linguists have identified these sounds by comparing the categories with pronunciations in modern varieties of Chinese , borrowed Chinese words in Japanese, Vietnamese, and Korean, and transcription evidence. The resulting system
3800-579: The BYD Qin Pro , which was available as an ICE vehicle, PHEV and BEV. In 2021, this model was updated and renamed to BYD Qin Plus with PHEV and BEV variants. An updated version of the first generation is sold alongside the second generation Qin variants. In 2024, BYD released a larger, mid-size Qin variant marketed as the BYD Qin L which is solely equipped with the DM-i 5.0 PHEV powertrain. The BYD Qin concept car
3895-610: The Chinese diaspora . Approximately 1.35 billion people, or 17% of the global population, speak a variety of Chinese as their first language . Chinese languages form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be dialects of a single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered to be separate languages in
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3990-525: The Korean , Japanese and Vietnamese languages, and today comprise over half of their vocabularies. This massive influx led to changes in the phonological structure of the languages, contributing to the development of moraic structure in Japanese and the disruption of vowel harmony in Korean. Borrowed Chinese morphemes have been used extensively in all these languages to coin compound words for new concepts, in
4085-680: The May Fourth Movement beginning in 1919. After the fall of the Northern Song dynasty and subsequent reign of the Jurchen Jin and Mongol Yuan dynasties in northern China, a common speech (now called Old Mandarin ) developed based on the dialects of the North China Plain around the capital. The 1324 Zhongyuan Yinyun was a dictionary that codified the rhyming conventions of new sanqu verse form in this language. Together with
4180-579: The National Language Unification Commission finally settled on the Beijing dialect in 1932. The People's Republic founded in 1949 retained this standard but renamed it 普通话 ; 普通話 ; pǔtōnghuà ; 'common speech'. The national language is now used in education, the media, and formal situations in both mainland China and Taiwan. In Hong Kong and Macau , Cantonese is the dominant spoken language due to cultural influence from Guangdong immigrants and colonial-era policies, and
4275-517: The Qin L and Seal 06 . The Song Max is a compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) using the Song nameplate that was produced since 2017. It was available as a petrol-powered model, until it was replaced by a DM-i plug-in hybrid version in 2022. A simplified, battery electric version of the Song Max is marketed as the second-generation BYD e6 for ride-hailing and taxi fleet use. Since 2024, an upgraded version of
4370-545: The Qin dynasty ) is a series of compact and mid-size sedans produced by BYD Auto since 2012. The Qin started out as the plug-in hybrid version of the BYD Surui , and was introduced in the Chinese market in August 2012. Currently, the Qin is available as a plug-in hybrid (PHEV), battery electric vehicle (BEV), and previously an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. The Qin is
4465-522: The mid-size crossover SUV segment (B-class in China) using the Song nameplate that was produced since 2023. The Song L EV is based on the e-Platform 3.0 . In July 2024, the Song L DM-i plug-in hybrid went on sale in China. It is an entirely different vehicle compared to the Song L EV, with minimal resemblance in styling and based on a different platform. It is equipped with the DM-i 5.0 system first introduced with
4560-473: The oracle bone inscriptions created during the Shang dynasty c. 1250 BCE . The phonetic categories of Old Chinese can be reconstructed from the rhymes of ancient poetry. During the Northern and Southern period , Middle Chinese went through several sound changes and split into several varieties following prolonged geographic and political separation. The Qieyun , a rime dictionary , recorded
4655-591: The phonology of Old Chinese by comparing later varieties of Chinese with the rhyming practice of the Classic of Poetry and the phonetic elements found in the majority of Chinese characters. Although many of the finer details remain unclear, most scholars agree that Old Chinese differs from Middle Chinese in lacking retroflex and palatal obstruents but having initial consonant clusters of some sort, and in having voiceless nasals and liquids. Most recent reconstructions also describe an atonal language with consonant clusters at
4750-413: The "all-new Qin" (全新秦). The new model uses the "dragon face" styling of the front end, with some changes to the taillights. The vehicle is shorter than the initial model (4,675 mm (184.1 in) vs 4,740 mm (186.6 in)), while the wheelbase and the width remain same. While the initial model was offered as a plug-in hybrid or with an all-electric drivetrain, the updated model is offered with
4845-723: The 12-volume Hanyu Da Cidian , records more than 23,000 head Chinese characters and gives over 370,000 definitions. The 1999 revised Cihai , a multi-volume encyclopedic dictionary reference work, gives 122,836 vocabulary entry definitions under 19,485 Chinese characters, including proper names, phrases, and common zoological, geographical, sociological, scientific, and technical terms. The 2016 edition of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian , an authoritative one-volume dictionary on modern standard Chinese language as used in mainland China, has 13,000 head characters and defines 70,000 words. BYD Qin Pro The BYD Qin ( Chinese : 比亚迪秦 , after
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#17328759786874940-646: The DM-i, alongside the Tang DM-i and Song Plus DM-i crossovers. The DM-i powertrain of the Qin Plus combines a 1.5-litre naturally aspirated engine with a single electric motor for a total output of about 170 horsepower (127 kW; 172 PS). The engine's thermal efficiency ratio is claimed to be at the industry-leading 43% as of 2021. Fuel consumption of the Qin Plus does not exceed 3.8 litres per 100 kilometres (74 mpg ‑imp ; 62 mpg ‑US ). Its Blade battery provides an electric range of 50–120 km. The 1.5-litre naturally aspirated engine of
5035-555: The Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet . English words of Chinese origin include tea from Hokkien 茶 ( tê ), dim sum from Cantonese 點心 ( dim2 sam1 ), and kumquat from Cantonese 金橘 ( gam1 gwat1 ). The sinologist Jerry Norman has estimated that there are hundreds of mutually unintelligible varieties of Chinese. These varieties form a dialect continuum , in which differences in speech generally become more pronounced as distances increase, though
5130-511: The Qin EV300, was released in China in March 2016. The BYD Qin EV300 is powered by a 218 hp electric motor and a battery pack that is expected to deliver a range of 300 km (190 mi). Top speed is 150 kilometres per hour (93 mph). There are four versions of the Qin EV300. Despite the introduction of the Qin Pro in 2018, an updated version of the first-generation Qin is also in production as of 2019. The manufacturer refers to it as
5225-603: The Qin Plus DM-i in some Middle East markets such as the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Qatar as the Qin Plus PHEV. The top version features a 71.7 kWh battery with 600 km (373 mi) range. Versions with batteries 47.5 and 57 kWh are also available, with ranges of 400 and 500 kilometres (250 and 310 mi) respectively. The third-generation Qin is marketed as the Qin L ( Chinese : 秦L ), and
5320-500: The Qin Plus DM-i uses the Atkinson cycle and features cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), a split cooling system (the engine cooling circuit is split into two parts, one for the cylinder head and one for the block) and an electric water pump. The engine develops a maximum power output of 81 kilowatts (109 hp; 110 PS) at 6000 rpm, and the peak torque is 135 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft; 14 kg⋅m) at 4500 rpm. The compression ratio
5415-508: The Qin Pro. The Qin Plus was unveiled during the 2020 Guangzhou Auto Show in November 2020, and went on sale in March 2021. Compared to the Qin Pro, it features restyled front and rear ends, while dimensions are unchanged. It is available as a plug-in hybrid DM-i variant and battery electric version (EV). BYD started selling a sister model of the Qin Plus DM-i, the Destroyer 05 in March 2022. It
5510-569: The Qin uses two 110-kilowatt (148 hp; 150 PS) electric motors and a 1.5-litre turbo-charged direct-injected engine, instead of the 1.0-litre 3-cylinder engine used in the F3DM, to output 223 kW (299 hp; 303 PS) of power and 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft; 45 kg⋅m) of torque. According to BYD Auto, the Qin has a top speed of 185 km/h (115 mph) and can accelerate from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in less than 5.9 seconds. Thanks to its smaller battery and increased wheelbase,
5605-423: The Qin will have more interior space than the F3DM, and the styling has also been improved over BYD's earlier models, most notably in the car's interior. Retail sales of the BYD Qin began in Costa Rica in November 2013, and BYD planned to start sales in other countries in Central and South America in 2014. Pre-facelift styling (2014–2017) Post-facelift styling (2018) A pure battery electric version,
5700-412: The Song DM (Dual Mode) plug-in hybrid in April 2017, following the F3DM compact car and F6DM prototype. The Song DM is nearly identical to the regular Song apart from the badging. Song DM is capable of utilizing both the HEV and EV modes with the 1.5-litre turbo engine and dual motors, delivering a range up to 80 km (50 mi). The plug-in outputs up to 333 kW (453 PS; 447 hp) and
5795-426: The Song Pro DM-i received another major facelift, updating the styling of both the front and rear end of the vehicle. The Song Plus is a larger compact crossover SUV produced since 2020. Initially available solely as an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle with a 1.5-litre turbocharged petrol engine, in 2021 BYD introduced the plug-in hybrid Song Plus DM-i and the battery electric Song Plus EV. The petrol model
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#17328759786875890-399: The different spoken dialects varies, but in general, there has been a tendency to a reduction in sounds from Middle Chinese. The Mandarin dialects in particular have experienced a dramatic decrease in sounds and so have far more polysyllabic words than most other spoken varieties. The total number of syllables in some varieties is therefore only about a thousand, including tonal variation, which
5985-484: The difficulties involved in determining the difference between language and dialect, other terms have been proposed. These include topolect , lect , vernacular , regional , and variety . Syllables in the Chinese languages have some unique characteristics. They are tightly related to the morphology and also to the characters of the writing system, and phonologically they are structured according to fixed rules. The structure of each syllable consists of
6080-437: The e6 went on sale as the BYD M6 in some export markets. Chinese language Chinese ( simplified Chinese : 汉语 ; traditional Chinese : 漢語 ; pinyin : Hànyǔ ; lit. ' Han language' or 中文 ; Zhōngwén ; 'Chinese writing') is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China , as well as by various communities of
6175-464: The end of the syllable, developing into tone distinctions in Middle Chinese. Several derivational affixes have also been identified, but the language lacks inflection , and indicated grammatical relationships using word order and grammatical particles . Middle Chinese was the language used during Northern and Southern dynasties and the Sui , Tang , and Song dynasties (6th–10th centuries CE). It can be divided into an early period, reflected by
6270-413: The first one, 十 , normally appears in monosyllabic form in spoken Mandarin; the rest are normally used in the polysyllabic forms of respectively. In each, the homophone was disambiguated by the addition of another morpheme, typically either a near-synonym or some sort of generic word (e.g. 'head', 'thing'), the purpose of which is to indicate which of the possible meanings of the other, homophonic syllable
6365-491: The form of a word), to indicate a word's function within a sentence. In other words, Chinese has very few grammatical inflections —it possesses no tenses , no voices , no grammatical number , and only a few articles . They make heavy use of grammatical particles to indicate aspect and mood . In Mandarin, this involves the use of particles such as 了 ; le ; ' PFV ', 还 ; 還 ; hái ; 'still', and 已经 ; 已經 ; yǐjīng ; 'already'. Chinese has
6460-435: The government of the People's Republic of China, with Singapore officially adopting them in 1976. Traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and among Chinese-speaking communities overseas . Linguists classify all varieties of Chinese as part of the Sino-Tibetan language family , together with Burmese , Tibetan and many other languages spoken in the Himalayas and the Southeast Asian Massif . Although
6555-531: The language of administration and scholarship, a position it would retain until the late 19th century in Korea and (to a lesser extent) Japan, and the early 20th century in Vietnam. Scholars from different lands could communicate, albeit only in writing, using Literary Chinese. Although they used Chinese solely for written communication, each country had its own tradition of reading texts aloud using what are known as Sino-Xenic pronunciations . Chinese words with these pronunciations were also extensively imported into
6650-408: The late 19th century. Today Japanese is written with a composite script using both Chinese characters called kanji , and kana. Korean is written exclusively with hangul in North Korea, although knowledge of the supplementary Chinese characters called hanja is still required, and hanja are increasingly rarely used in South Korea. As a result of its historical colonization by France, Vietnamese now uses
6745-455: The more conservative modern varieties, usually found in the south, have largely monosyllabic words , especially with basic vocabulary. However, most nouns, adjectives, and verbs in modern Mandarin are disyllabic. A significant cause of this is phonetic erosion : sound changes over time have steadily reduced the number of possible syllables in the language's inventory. In modern Mandarin, there are only around 1,200 possible syllables, including
6840-425: The mutual unintelligibility between them is too great. However, calling major Chinese branches "languages" would also be wrong under the same criterion, since a branch such as Wu, itself contains many mutually unintelligible varieties, and could not be properly called a single language. There are also viewpoints pointing out that linguists often ignore mutual intelligibility when varieties share intelligibility with
6935-583: The nasal sonorant consonants /m/ and /ŋ/ can stand alone as their own syllable. In Mandarin much more than in other spoken varieties, most syllables tend to be open syllables, meaning they have no coda (assuming that a final glide is not analyzed as a coda), but syllables that do have codas are restricted to nasals /m/ , /n/ , /ŋ/ , the retroflex approximant /ɻ/ , and voiceless stops /p/ , /t/ , /k/ , or /ʔ/ . Some varieties allow most of these codas, whereas others, such as Standard Chinese, are limited to only /n/ , /ŋ/ , and /ɻ/ . The number of sounds in
7030-469: The new battery is about 50 percent smaller and lighter than the one used on the F3DM. The reduced battery pack size translates into reduced price at the expense of the all-electric range , which BYD estimates at 50 kilometres (31 mi). The larger battery in the F3DM delivers an all-electric range of 97 kilometres (60 mi). BYD said the Qin would be seven percent more efficient with savings in power and energy in all-electric (EV) mode. In hybrid mode,
7125-538: The other varieties within the same branch (e.g. Southern Min). There are, however, transitional areas where varieties from different branches share enough features for some limited intelligibility, including New Xiang with Southwestern Mandarin , Xuanzhou Wu Chinese with Lower Yangtze Mandarin , Jin with Central Plains Mandarin and certain divergent dialects of Hakka with Gan . All varieties of Chinese are tonal at least to some degree, and are largely analytic . The earliest attested written Chinese consists of
7220-404: The rate of change varies immensely. Generally, mountainous South China exhibits more linguistic diversity than the North China Plain . Until the late 20th century, Chinese emigrants to Southeast Asia and North America came from southeast coastal areas, where Min, Hakka, and Yue dialects were spoken. Specifically, most Chinese immigrants to North America until the mid-20th century spoke Taishanese ,
7315-552: The related subject dropping . Although the grammars of the spoken varieties share many traits, they do possess differences. The entire Chinese character corpus since antiquity comprises well over 50,000 characters, of which only roughly 10,000 are in use and only about 3,000 are frequently used in Chinese media and newspapers. However, Chinese characters should not be confused with Chinese words. Because most Chinese words are made up of two or more characters, there are many more Chinese words than characters. A more accurate equivalent for
7410-509: The relationship was first proposed in the early 19th century and is now broadly accepted, reconstruction of Sino-Tibetan is much less developed than that of families such as Indo-European or Austroasiatic . Difficulties have included the great diversity of the languages, the lack of inflection in many of them, and the effects of language contact. In addition, many of the smaller languages are spoken in mountainous areas that are difficult to reach and are often also sensitive border zones. Without
7505-505: The six official languages of the United Nations . Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin and was first officially adopted in the 1930s. The language is written primarily using a logography of Chinese characters , largely shared by readers who may otherwise speak mutually unintelligible varieties. Since the 1950s, the use of simplified characters has been promoted by
7600-557: The slightly later Menggu Ziyun , this dictionary describes a language with many of the features characteristic of modern Mandarin dialects. Up to the early 20th century, most Chinese people only spoke their local variety. Thus, as a practical measure, officials of the Ming and Qing dynasties carried out the administration of the empire using a common language based on Mandarin varieties , known as 官话 ; 官話 ; Guānhuà ; 'language of officials'. For most of this period, this language
7695-603: The successor of the BYD F3DM , the world's first mass-produced PHEV automobile which launched in China in 2008. In April 2012, BYD replaced the F3DM with the Qin. The first-generation Qin is the PHEV version of the BYD Surui (the second-generation BYD F3 ), and deliveries in China began in December 2013. The second generation model includes two variants was released in September 2018 as
7790-609: The tonal distinctions, compared with about 5,000 in Vietnamese (still a largely monosyllabic language), and over 8,000 in English. Most modern varieties tend to form new words through polysyllabic compounds . In some cases, monosyllabic words have become disyllabic formed from different characters without the use of compounding, as in 窟窿 ; kūlong from 孔 ; kǒng ; this is especially common in Jin varieties. This phonological collapse has led to
7885-547: The traditional Western notion of a word. A Chinese cí can consist of more than one character–morpheme, usually two, but there can be three or more. Examples of Chinese words of more than two syllables include 汉堡包 ; 漢堡包 ; hànbǎobāo ; 'hamburger', 守门员 ; 守門員 ; shǒuményuán ; 'goalkeeper', and 电子邮件 ; 電子郵件 ; diànzǐyóujiàn ; 'e-mail'. All varieties of modern Chinese are analytic languages : they depend on syntax (word order and sentence structure), rather than inflectional morphology (changes in
7980-512: The use of tones in Chinese is the application of the four tones of Standard Chinese, along with the neutral tone, to the syllable ma . The tones are exemplified by the following five Chinese words: In contrast, Standard Cantonese has six tones. Historically, finals that end in a stop consonant were considered to be " checked tones " and thus counted separately for a total of nine tones. However, they are considered to be duplicates in modern linguistics and are no longer counted as such: Chinese
8075-508: The weight of the car's body in white (in the petrol variant). BYD offered three different powertrains on the model: the Qin Pro was available as an all-electric car, as a plug-in hybrid and as a conventional gasoline ICE vehicle. The BYD Qin Pro DM (the plug-in hybrid) is powered by a 154-horsepower (115 kW; 156 PS) 1.5-litre turbo, inline four engine combined with a 150-horsepower (112 kW; 152 PS) electric motor to produce
8170-452: The words in newspapers, and 60% of the words in science magazines. Vietnam, Korea, and Japan each developed writing systems for their own languages, initially based on Chinese characters , but later replaced with the hangul alphabet for Korean and supplemented with kana syllabaries for Japanese, while Vietnamese continued to be written with the complex chữ Nôm script. However, these were limited to popular literature until
8265-508: The written language used throughout China changed comparatively little, crystallizing into a prestige form known as Classical or Literary Chinese . Literature written distinctly in the Classical form began to emerge during the Spring and Autumn period . Its use in writing remained nearly universal until the late 19th century, culminating with the widespread adoption of written vernacular Chinese with
8360-453: Was a koiné based on dialects spoken in the Nanjing area, though not identical to any single dialect. By the middle of the 19th century, the Beijing dialect had become dominant and was essential for any business with the imperial court. In the 1930s, a standard national language ( 国语 ; 國語 ; Guóyǔ ), was adopted. After much dispute between proponents of northern and southern dialects and an abortive attempt at an artificial pronunciation,
8455-457: Was available in three different powertrains, namely the petrol-powered Song Pro (until early 2022), the fully electric Song Pro EV (until 2021) and the plug-in hybrid Song Pro DM. The petrol version Song Pro is powered by the same 1.5-litre turbo engine producing 113 kW (154 PS; 152 hp). The Song Pro EV was released alongside the petrol and plug-in hybrid Song Pro in July 2019. The model
8550-481: Was hidden by their written form. Often different compounds for the same concept were in circulation for some time before a winner emerged, and sometimes the final choice differed between countries. The proportion of vocabulary of Chinese origin thus tends to be greater in technical, abstract, or formal language. For example, in Japan, Sino-Japanese words account for about 35% of the words in entertainment magazines, over half
8645-542: Was named the Song for all variants including the ICE engined version, plug-in hybrid version, and electric versions. Two powertrains was offered at launch. A 1.5-litre turbo-charged petrol engine capable of producing 154 hp (115 kW; 156 PS) and 240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) of torque and a 2.0-litre turbocharged petrol engine capable of producing 205 hp (153 kW; 208 PS) and 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) of torque. The 1.5-litre engine could be had with either
8740-523: Was officially announced just before the Beijing Auto Show in April 2024. Marketed alongside the older and smaller Qin Plus, the Qin L is the largest Qin to date with its length spanning over 4.8 m (189 in) into the mid-size segment. Unlike the Qin Plus, the Qin L is not available with a battery electric variant. The Qin L is the first BYD vehicle alongside the similar Seal 06 to use BYD's fifth-generation plug-in hybrid powertrain , which
8835-665: Was phased out in 2022 after BYD ended production of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. In 2023, BYD introduced the Song Plus EV as the BYD Seal U in Europe. The plug-in hybrid Seal U DM-i was introduced later in 2024. In mid-2024, the model was introduced in Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, and Thailand as the BYD Sealion 6 DM-i . The Song L EV is a larger and lower SUV in
8930-518: Was positioned below the mid-size S6 crossover, and is BYD's first entry to the compact crossover market. Prior to its introduction, the petrol-powered first-generation Song was planned to be marketed as the BYD S3 , similar to the petrol powered F3 compact sedan and S6 mid-size crossover, which for its hybrid variants were renamed to the Qin and Tang using the Chinese dynasty naming system. However, BYD reversed course shortly before its launch, and S3
9025-410: Was unveiled at the 2012 Beijing International Automotive Exhibition . It was named after the Qin dynasty , China's first imperial dynasty. The plug-in hybrid variant (which was the only variant available in the beginning) currently offers a NEDC all-electric range of 82 km (51 mi) and a hybrid electric powertrain that can extend the car's total range to a distance similar to that of
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