106-721: BTV may refer to: Television channels, stations and networks [ edit ] Bangladesh [ edit ] Bangladesh Television , a state-owned TV broadcaster in Bangladesh and country's oldest television network Botswana [ edit ] Botswana Television , national broadcaster in Botswana Botswana TV 1, targeted for adults. Normally airs government issues like National Development Plans (NDPs), economics, etc. Botswana TV 3 focuses on tourism, cultural shows etc. Bulgaria [ edit ] bTV (Bulgaria) ,
212-678: A "government propaganda outlet". It operates two main television stations, BTV Dhaka and BTV Chittagong , and fourteen relay stations all over Bangladesh, along with a satellite television channel, BTV World . It is a member of the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union and Asiavision , and is an associate member of the European Broadcasting Union . Bangladesh Television also plans to launch six more television channels. BTV can be received via satellite throughout Asia and parts of Europe and Africa. Bangladesh Television
318-492: A bid to lessen this burden on young learners, efforts have been made by educational institutions in the two main Bengali-speaking regions (West Bengal and Bangladesh) to address the opaque nature of many consonant clusters, and as a result, modern Bengali textbooks are beginning to contain more and more "transparent" graphical forms of consonant clusters, in which the constituent consonants of a cluster are readily apparent from
424-570: A business news channel Binghamton Television , the student television station of Binghamton University, Vestal, New York Other television networks/channels/stations, by country [ edit ] BTV, the former callsign of VTV a TV station in Ballarat in Victoria, which is a state of Australia BTV, the former callsign of Betevé a local television channel in Barcelona. Beijing Television ,
530-537: A different word from a speaker of Standard Bengali in Bangladesh, even though both words are of native Bengali descent. For example, the word salt is লবণ lôbôṇ in the east which corresponds to নুন nun in the west. Bengali exhibits diglossia , though some scholars have proposed triglossia or even n-glossia or heteroglossia between the written and spoken forms of the language. Two styles of writing have emerged, involving somewhat different vocabularies and syntax : Linguist Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar categorises
636-480: A diphthong. The total number of diphthongs is not established, with bounds at 17 and 31. An incomplete chart is given by Sarkar (1985) of the following: In standard Bengali, stress is predominantly initial. Bengali words are virtually all trochaic ; the primary stress falls on the initial syllable of the word, while secondary stress often falls on all odd-numbered syllables thereafter, giving strings such as in সহযোগিতা shô -hô- jo -gi- ta "cooperation", where
742-672: A large scale and were communally limited. Owing to Bengal's geographic location, Bengali areas bordering non-Bengali regions have been influenced by each other. Small numbers of people in Midnapore , which borders Odisha , have used the Odia script to write in Bengali. In the border areas between West Bengal and Bihar , some Bengali communities historically wrote Bengali in Devanagari , Kaithi and Tirhuta . In Sylhet and Bankura , modified versions of
848-572: A local television station in Norway Basketball TV , a Philippine all-basketball channel Benfica TV , the television channel of sports club S.L. Benfica in Portugal Other uses [ edit ] Basic Transportation Vehicle , or Basic Utility Vehicle (BUV), a low-cost vehicle intended for developing countries Bluetongue virus , that causes the Bluetongue disease BlogTV ,
954-479: A major national television channel in Bulgaria bTV Story (Formerly bTV Lady), a Bulgarian television channel targeted at a female audience bTV Action , a Bulgarian action show television channel bTV Cinema , a Bulgarian television channel, showing movies and serials bTV Comedy , a Bulgarian television channel featuring comedy programs United States [ edit ] Bloomberg Television (BTV),
1060-660: A majority in Bangladesh speaks dialects notably different from SCB. Some dialects, particularly those of the Chittagong region, bear only a superficial resemblance to SCB. The dialect in the Chittagong region is least widely understood by the general body of Bengalis. The majority of Bengalis are able to communicate in more than one variety – often, speakers are fluent in Cholitobhasha (SCB) and one or more regional dialects. Even in SCB,
1166-522: A new magazine show for BTV based on The David Frost Show on BBC , Jodi Kichhu Mone Na Koren , which ended right after his death. It later expanded its broadcasting schedule to six hours daily in 1979. Bangladesh Television commenced color transmissions on 16 December 1980, being inaugurated by President Ziaur Rahman , marking the first official full-time color broadcasts in South Asia . In 1984, Bangladesh Television merged with Bangladesh Betar to form
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#17328761167421272-608: A now defunct live broadcasting website Brake to Vacate , an aircraft landing device introduced by Airbus BTV Cup , Binh Duong Television Cup, an international friendly football cup held in Vietnam Burlington International Airport in Vermont, United States (IATA code) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title BTV . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
1378-562: A rounded total of 280 million) worldwide. The Bengali language is native to the region of Bengal , which comprises the present-day nation of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal . Besides the native region it is also spoken by the Bengalis living in Tripura , southern Assam and the Bengali population in the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Bengali is also spoken in
1484-718: A series of channels in China Bloomsbury Television , the student television channel of University College London, England BTV (Indonesia) , a television network in Indonesia BTV (Lithuanian TV channel) , a television station in Lithuania Bolivia TV , a television channel in Bolivia BTV, a television station in Mongolia BTV, known as Birgunj Television Channel , Nepal Bergens Tidende TV ,
1590-408: A special diacritic, called the hôsôntô (্) , may be added below the basic consonant grapheme (as in ম্ [m] ). This diacritic, however, is not common and is chiefly employed as a guide to pronunciation. The abugida nature of Bengali consonant graphemes is not consistent, however. Often, syllable-final consonant graphemes, though not marked by a hôsôntô , may carry no inherent vowel sound (as in
1696-612: A special program in its headquarters, which was broadcast on both networks. BTV inaugurated two new digital studios on 8 February 2020, at the BTV Bhaban, as a part of the network's renaissance. During the COVID-19 pandemic , BTV, along with Sangsad Television , began broadcasting educational programming for secondary-level students. It had also reaired some of its classic television series. BTV announced to establish an educational channel to make remote learning more effective on students, which
1802-575: A state language of the then Dominion of Pakistan . On 21 February 1952, five students and political activists were killed during protests near the campus of the University of Dhaka ; they were the first ever martyrs to die for their right to speak their mother tongue. In 1956, Bengali was made a state language of Pakistan. 21 February has since been observed as Language Movement Day in Bangladesh and has also been commemorated as International Mother Language Day by UNESCO every year since 2000. In 2010,
1908-453: A stay order issued on 25 April 2010. In October 2022, Bangladesh Television began airing the first 2D animated series fully produced in Bangladesh, Jungle Mangal . In November 2022, with the cost of 980 million BDT, Bangladesh Television gained the rights of airing the 2022 FIFA World Cup held in Qatar. As there were corruption allegations against the chief engineer of the television network,
2014-549: A sunrise. It is one of the most recognizable logos in Bangladesh, as it has been used since the country itself gained independence. Bangladesh Television has a diversified set of programming. It mainly consists of dramas, news, educational, public affairs, talk shows, and others. It also broadcasts sports programming, typically cricket matches. BTV also airs English-language news and entertainment programming, including acquired foreign television series. During its anniversaries, Bangladesh Television broadcasts documentaries regarding
2120-463: A vowel in isolation from any preceding or following consonant, the independent form of the vowel is used. For example, in মই [moj] "ladder" and in ইলিশ [iliʃ] "Hilsa fish", the independent form of the vowel ই is used (cf. the dependent form ি) . A vowel at the beginning of a word is always realised using its independent form. In addition to the inherent-vowel-suppressing hôsôntô , three more diacritics are commonly used in Bengali. These are
2226-494: Is Bangladesh's national march, written by The National Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam in Bengali in 1928. It was adopted as the national marching song by the Bangladeshi government in 1972. Additionally, the first two verses of Vande Mataram , a patriotic song written in Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee , was adopted as the "national song" of India in both the colonial period and later in 1950 in independent India. Furthermore, it
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#17328761167422332-536: Is a classical Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia. With over 237 million native speakers and another 41 million as second language speakers as of 2024, Bengali is the fifth most spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by the total number of speakers in the world. It is the fifth most spoken Indo-European language . Bengali
2438-468: Is a cursive script with eleven graphemes or signs denoting nine vowels and two diphthongs , and thirty-nine graphemes representing consonants and other modifiers. There are no distinct upper and lower case letter forms. The letters run from left to right and spaces are used to separate orthographic words . Bengali script has a distinctive horizontal line running along the tops of the graphemes that links them together called মাত্রা matra . Since
2544-405: Is also the sister network of Sangsad Television , a parliamentary television channel. BTV World is also to be converted into an independent entertainment television channel with a different schedule compared to BTV Dhaka. BTV Dhaka broadcasts eighteen hours a day on terrestrial television, and twenty-four hours a day on satellite television. Its satellite feed relays BTV World's transmissions during
2650-400: Is an abugida , a script with letters for consonants, with diacritics for vowels, and in which an inherent vowel (অ ô ) is assumed for consonants if no vowel is marked. The Bengali alphabet is used throughout Bangladesh and eastern India (Assam, West Bengal, Tripura). The Bengali alphabet is believed to have evolved from a modified Brahmic script around 1000 CE (or 10th–11th century). It
2756-668: Is believed by many that the national anthem of Sri Lanka ( Sri Lanka Matha ) was inspired by a Bengali poem written by Rabindranath Tagore , while some even believe the anthem was originally written in Bengali and then translated into Sinhala . After the contribution made by the Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force in the Sierra Leone Civil War under the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone ,
2862-699: Is considered a separate language, although it shares similarities to Northern Bengali dialects. During the standardisation of Bengali in the 19th century and early 20th century, the cultural centre of Bengal was in Kolkata , a city founded by the British. What is accepted as the standard form today in both West Bengal and Bangladesh is based on the West-Central dialect of Nadia and Kushtia District . There are cases where speakers of Standard Bengali in West Bengal will use
2968-404: Is known as Apabhraṃśa , by the end of the first millennium. The Bengali language evolved as a distinct language over the course of time. Though some archaeologists claim that some 10th-century texts were in Bengali, it is not certain whether they represent a differentiated language or whether they represent a stage when Eastern Indo-Aryan languages were differentiating. The local Apabhraṃśa of
3074-477: Is set out below in the International Phonetic Alphabet (upper grapheme in each box) and romanisation (lower grapheme). Bengali is known for its wide variety of diphthongs , combinations of vowels occurring within the same syllable . Two of these, /oi̯/ and /ou̯/ , are the only ones with representation in script, as ঐ and ঔ respectively. /e̯ i̯ o̯ u̯/ may all form the glide part of
3180-545: Is the official , national , and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh , with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. It is the second-most widely spoken language in India . It is the official language of the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam . It is also the second official language of the Indian state of Jharkhand since September 2011. It
3286-500: Is the most widely spoken language in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal , and is spoken by significant populations in other states including Bihar , Arunachal Pradesh , Delhi , Chhattisgarh , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Nagaland , Odisha and Uttarakhand . Bengali is also spoken by the Bengali diasporas ( Bangladeshi diaspora and Indian Bengalis) across Europe, North America,
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3392-511: Is the state-owned television network of Bangladesh . The network was originally established as the East Pakistan branch of Pakistan Television in 1964. It was rebranded right after the independence of Bangladesh. BTV is the oldest Bengali-language television network in the world, as well as the oldest television network in Bangladesh, and is sister to the radio broadcaster Bangladesh Betar , which, along with BTV, are both owned and operated by
3498-534: The 2016 Asia Cup . Bangladesh Television opened the country's first television museum on 1 December 2016. BTV, along with Maasranga Television and Nagorik , was the broadcaster of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Bangladesh. The network began broadcasting in India via DD Free Dish on 2 September 2019, via the Bangabandhu-1 satellite. To celebrate BTV's 55th anniversary in 2019, privately owned Channel i organized
3604-500: The Aesop's Fables in Bengali was printed using Roman letters based on English phonology by the Scottish linguist John Gilchrist . Consecutive attempts to establish a Roman Bengali have continued across every century since these times, and have been supported by the likes of Suniti Kumar Chatterji , Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda , and Muhammad Enamul Haq . The Digital Revolution has also played
3710-590: The Anti-Corruption Commission raided the headquarters of Bangladesh Television on 16 May 2023. In June 2023, Jahangir Alam was appointed as the new director general of Bangladesh Television. Amid the quota reform protests , some unidentified individuals stormed the headquarters of Bangladesh Television and set it ablaze on 18 July 2024. The main building was also vandalized. Following the incident, BTV ceased all broadcasts at approximately 19:00 BST, after evacuating all staff members. Broadcasts resumed
3816-660: The Arabic , Persian , and Turkic languages . The arrival of merchants and traders from the Middle East and Turkestan into the Buddhist -ruling Pala Empire , from as early as the 7th century, gave birth to Islamic influence in the region. In the 13th century, subsequent Arab Muslim and Turco-Persian expeditions to Bengal heavily influenced the local vernacular by settling among the native population. Bengali absorbed Arabic and Persian influences in its vocabulary and dialect, including
3922-509: The Awami League –led government, and Agamir Bangladesh , which premiered on 7 September 2024. For a long time, privately owned television channels were mandated to broadcast BTV's two o'clock news bulletin. This mandate was removed on 18 September 2024, when Information and Broadcasting Adviser Nahid Islam stated that the channels no longer need to do so. As of 2014, 1.2% of the television audience in Bangladesh watched BTV. A 2017 survey by
4028-636: The Bangabandhu-1 satellite, along with several other local television channels. Via the Bangabandhu-1 satellite, the network's television signals can be received in the Middle East and North Africa . Bangladesh Television is available on several social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. It has also been broadcasting live on IPTV and mobile TV services from 12 November 2013. Bangladesh Television's channels, along with Sangsad Television , are made available for streaming worldwide via
4134-468: The Constitution of Bangladesh states Bengali to be the sole official language of Bangladesh. The Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987 , made it mandatory to use Bengali in all records and correspondences, laws, proceedings of court and other legal actions in all courts, government or semi-government offices, and autonomous institutions in Bangladesh. It is also the de facto national language of
4240-564: The Kaithi script had some historical prominence, mainly among Muslim communities. The variant in Sylhet was identical to the Baitali Kaithi script of Hindustani with the exception of Sylhet Nagri possessing matra . Sylhet Nagri was standardised for printing in c. 1869 . Up until the 19th century, numerous variations of the Arabic script had been used across Bengal from Chittagong in
4346-520: The Nadia region . Bengali shows a high degree of diglossia , with the literary and standard form differing greatly from the colloquial speech of the regions that identify with the language. Modern Bengali vocabulary is based on words inherited from Magadhi Prakrit and Pali, along with tatsamas and reborrowings from Sanskrit and borrowings from Persian , Arabic , Austroasiatic languages and other languages with which it has historically been in contact. In
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4452-590: The University of Karachi (established by East Pakistani politicians before Independence of Bangladesh ) also offers regular programs of studies at the Bachelors and at the Masters levels for Bengali Literature. The national anthems of both Bangladesh ( Amar Sonar Bangla ) and India ( Jana Gana Mana ) were written in Bengali by the Bengali Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore . Notuner Gaan known as " Chol Chol Chol"
4558-499: The boldface represents primary and secondary stress. Native Bengali words do not allow initial consonant clusters ; the maximum syllabic structure is CVC (i.e., one vowel flanked by a consonant on each side). Many speakers of Bengali restrict their phonology to this pattern, even when using Sanskrit or English borrowings, such as গেরাম geram (CV.CVC) for গ্রাম gram (CCVC) "village" or ইস্কুল iskul (VC.CVC) for স্কুল skul (CCVC) "school". The Bengali-Assamese script
4664-557: The phonology of Eastern Bengali is seen through the lack of nasalised vowels and an alveolar articulation of what are categorised as the "cerebral" consonants (as opposed to the postalveolar articulation of western Bengal). Some varieties of Bengali, particularly Sylheti , Chittagonian and Chakma , have contrastive tone ; differences in the pitch of the speaker's voice can distinguish words. Kharia Thar and Mal Paharia are closely related to Western Bengali dialects, but are typically classified as separate languages. Similarly, Hajong
4770-608: The 16th century, Portuguese missionaries began a tradition of using the Roman alphabet to transcribe the Bengali language. Though the Portuguese standard did not receive much growth, a few Roman Bengali works relating to Christianity and Bengali grammar were printed as far as Lisbon in 1743. The Portuguese were followed by the English and French respectively, whose works were mostly related to Bengali grammar and transliteration. The first version of
4876-428: The 18-hour broadcast on terrestrial. In June 2014, an unused frequency of BTV was scrapped as it disrupted 3G services of mobile operators in Bangladesh. On 24 June 2014, as lightning struck on the tower of Bangladesh Television's Patuakhali relay station, terrestrial broadcasts from there temporarily halted, as a result of the damages caused by the lightning. BTV, along with GTV and Maasranga Television , broadcast
4982-493: The 1980s to the year 2000 was often called the "golden age" of Bangladesh Television. Following the fall of Sheikh Hasina's government, the programming structure of Bangladesh Television changed drastically. However, some programming was still found to be appeasing the government even if the interim government no longer mandated the network to do so. Three new series premiered on the network, which were Fascibader Dinlipi , Nipironer Golpo , regarding corruption and torture under
5088-637: The 19th and 20th centuries, there were two standard forms of written Bengali: In 1948, the government of Pakistan tried to impose Urdu as the sole state language in Pakistan, giving rise to the Bengali language movement . This was a popular ethnolinguistic movement in the former East Bengal (today Bangladesh ), which arose as a result of the strong linguistic consciousness of the Bengalis and their desire to promote and protect spoken and written Bengali's recognition as
5194-576: The 6th century, which competed with the ancestor of Bengali for some time. The ancestor of Bengali was the language of the Pala Empire and the Sena dynasty . During the medieval period, Middle Bengali was characterised by the elision of the word-final অ ô and the spread of compound verbs, which originated from the Sanskrit Schwa . Slowly, the word-final ô disappeared from many words influenced by
5300-498: The BTV app since May 2021. The logo of Bangladesh Television was claimed to be created by prominent art director Mohiuddin Faroque in 1971 in one article. Others, however, suggested that it was Imdad Hossain who, in fact, designed the logo. Nevertheless, it is currently in use since then. The logo consists of a 60s-style television screen with a red disc and a green line inside, resembling
5406-550: The Bangladesh Cable TV Viewers Forum stated that only around 25% to 30% of the cable television audience watch local television, among them BTV gained the lowest viewership and was mostly watched by rural audiences, who only have access to terrestrial television. The network's the then director general, Haroon Or Rashid, once stated that if BTV does not change, it will become 'obsolete'. By 2018, Bangladesh Television began regaining its fame and relevancy, after
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#17328761167425512-451: The Bengali equivalent of a full stop – have been adopted from Western scripts and their usage is similar. Unlike in Western scripts (Latin, Cyrillic, etc.) where the letter forms stand on an invisible baseline, the Bengali letter-forms instead hang from a visible horizontal left-to-right headstroke called মাত্রা matra . The presence and absence of this matra can be important. For example,
5618-426: The Bengali script is an abugida, its consonant graphemes usually do not represent phonetic segments , but carry an "inherent" vowel and thus are syllabic in nature. The inherent vowel is usually a back vowel , either [ɔ] as in মত [m ɔ t] "opinion" or [o] , as in মন [m o n] "mind", with variants like the more open [ɒ] . To emphatically represent a consonant sound without any inherent vowel attached to it,
5724-579: The Dacca station of Pakistan Television was unofficially renamed "Dacca Television", and television celebrities refused to work for Pakistani television as the East Pakistanis struggle for autonomy . On 23 March 1971, three days before Bangladesh was declared an independent state, Dacca Television began displaying the flag of Bangladesh and playing the Bangladeshi national anthem, Amar Sonar Bangla , rather than
5830-799: The English language to Bangladeshi audiences. Both series premiered on the network in October 2010. Its sister, Sangsad Television , was launched on 25 January 2011, which simultaneously broadcasts live programming from the Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban . On the same day, BTV commenced experimental broadcasts on digital terrestrial television in Dhaka, Chittagong, and Khulna. BTV was available for streaming on phones through Teletalk 's 3G services in October 2012. On 5 November 2012, to compete with privately owned local television channels, BTV began broadcasting for 24 hours via satellite television, while still retaining
5936-520: The Middle East and other regions. Bengali was accorded the status of a classical language by the government of India on 3 October 2024. It is the second most spoken and fourth fastest growing language in India , following Hindi in the first place, Kashmiri in the second place, and Meitei ( Manipuri ), along with Gujarati , in the third place, according to the 2011 census of India . Bengali has developed over more than 1,400 years. Bengali literature , with its millennium-old literary history,
6042-562: The National Broadcasting Authority. As of 1985, via the Satkhira relay station, television sets in West Bengal in India could receive terrestrial signals of BTV. As of 1986, BTV broadcast for 9 hours a weekday and 14 hours on weekends, usually during the evenings. It also aired special programming on Fridays, as well as during national and religious holidays. It began relaying broadcasts of CNN and BBC in 1992, marking
6148-481: The Pakistani flag and national anthem, despite special programming being arranged on the occasion of Pakistan Day . Threats were made by Pakistani authorities that if the flag of Pakistan was not displayed on television, then Bengali workers would be barred from entering the television center. However, pro-Bangladesh songs were aired on Dacca Television on the night of 23 March instead. Dacca Television later signed-off
6254-477: The air, it was officially converted into a service of Pakistan Television on 25 March 1965. It only broadcast six days a week, while being closed on Mondays. This was Pakistan Television's second television station after the one in Lahore. The first drama telecast on PTV's Dacca television station, Ektala Dotala , written by Munier Choudhury , was aired in 1965. The reality television series Notun Kuri premiered on
6360-536: The basis of modern standard colloquial Bengali. In the dialects prevalent in much of eastern and south-eastern Bangladesh ( Barisal , Chittagong , Dhaka and Sylhet Divisions of Bangladesh), many of the stops and affricates heard in West Bengal and western Bangladesh are pronounced as fricatives . Western alveolo-palatal affricates চ [ tɕɔ ] , ছ [ tɕʰɔ ] , জ [ dʑɔ ] correspond to eastern চ [tsɔ] , ছ [tsʰɔ~sɔ] , জ [dzɔ~zɔ] . The influence of Tibeto-Burman languages on
6466-469: The consonant which comes first is put on top of or to the left of the one that immediately follows. In these ligatures, the shapes of the constituent consonant signs are often contracted and sometimes even distorted beyond recognition. In the Bengali writing system, there are nearly 285 such ligatures denoting consonant clusters. Although there exist a few visual formulas to construct some of these ligatures, many of them have to be learned by rote. Recently, in
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#17328761167426572-503: The country. In India, Bengali is one of the 23 official languages . It is the official language of the Indian states of West Bengal , Tripura and in Barak Valley of Assam . Bengali has been a second official language of the Indian state of Jharkhand since September 2011. In Pakistan , Bengali is a recognised secondary language in the city of Karachi mainly spoken by stranded Bengalis of Pakistan . The Department of Bengali in
6678-587: The development of Dobhashi . Bengali acquired prominence, over Persian, in the court of the Sultans of Bengal with the ascent of Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah . Subsequent Muslim rulers actively promoted the literary development of Bengali, allowing it to become the most spoken vernacular language in the Sultanate. Bengali adopted many words from Arabic and Persian , which was a manifestation of Islamic culture on
6784-565: The east to Meherpur in the west. The 14th-century court scholar of Bengal, Nur Qutb Alam , composed Bengali poetry using the Persian alphabet . After the Partition of India in the 20th century, the Pakistani government attempted to institute the Perso-Arabic script as the standard for Bengali in East Pakistan ; this was met with resistance and contributed to the Bengali language movement. In
6890-443: The eastern subcontinent, Purbi Apabhraṃśa or Abahatta (lit. 'meaningless sounds'), eventually evolved into regional dialects, which in turn formed three groups, the Bengali–Assamese languages , the Bihari languages , and the Odia language . The language was not static: different varieties coexisted and authors often wrote in multiple dialects in this period. For example, Ardhamagadhi is believed to have evolved into Abahatta around
6996-466: The final ন in মন [m o n] or the medial ম in গামলা [ɡamla] ). A consonant sound followed by some vowel sound other than the inherent [ɔ] is orthographically realised by using a variety of vowel allographs above, below, before, after, or around the consonant sign, thus forming the ubiquitous consonant-vowel typographic ligatures . These allographs, called কার kar , are diacritical vowel forms and cannot stand on their own. For example,
7102-426: The first presence of foreign television in Bangladesh. In 1994, BTV telecasted its first private production, a one-hour play Prachir Periye , directed by Atiqul Haque Chowdhury . A commission for the formulation of the autonomy policy of Bangladesh Television, as well as Bangladesh Betar, was founded in September 1996 in order to reform Bangladeshi state media. It issued a report recommending granting BTV its autonomy
7208-444: The following day on 19 July at 16:00 (BST). Former prime minister Sheikh Hasina later visited the headquarter building on July 26 and called for the punishment of the perpetrators. On 18 August 2024, the adviser of information and broadcasting , Nahid Islam , called for the speedy modernization of all institutions under the Information and Broadcasting Ministry including BTV, criticizing them for being stagnant. He stated that BTV
7314-438: The founders of the network and then deputy general director, Monirul Alam, were massacred on 7 November 1975. By 1975, BTV increased its broadcasting schedule to four hours daily. At the time, the transmissions of BTV Dacca covered areas around Comilla, Faridpur, Mymensingh, and Tangail besides Dacca. It increased its broadcasting schedule again to five and a half hours daily the following year. In 1977, Fazle Lohani created
7420-606: The government of Ahmad Tejan Kabbah declared Bengali as an honorary official language in December 2002. In 2009, elected representatives in both Bangladesh and West Bengal called for Bengali to be made an official language of the United Nations . Regional varieties in spoken Bengali constitute a dialect continuum . Linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji grouped the dialects of Bengali language into four large clusters: Rarhi , Vangiya , Kamrupi and Varendri ; but many alternative grouping schemes have also been proposed. The south-western dialects ( Rarhi or Nadia dialect) form
7526-477: The government. Bangladesh Television is the country's only television network provided on terrestrial television. It is primarily financed through television licence fees. Although it has produced many award-winning programs, it has often been accused of being the mouthpiece of the government and panned for its lack of quality programming. Both the headquarters and the administrative building of Bangladesh Television are located at Rampura in Dhaka. Prior to
7632-499: The graph মি [mi] represents the consonant [m] followed by the vowel [i] , where [i] is represented as the diacritical allograph ি (called ই-কার i-kar ) and is placed before the default consonant sign. Similarly, the graphs মা [ma] , মী [mi] , মু [mu] , মূ [mu] , মৃ [mri] , মে [me~mɛ] , মৈ [moj] , মো [mo] and মৌ [mow] represent the same consonant ম combined with seven other vowels and two diphthongs. In these consonant-vowel ligatures,
7738-412: The graphical form. However, since this change is not as widespread and is not being followed as uniformly in the rest of the Bengali printed literature, today's Bengali-learning children will possibly have to learn to recognise both the new "transparent" and the old "opaque" forms, which ultimately amounts to an increase in learning burden. Bengali punctuation marks, apart from the downstroke । daṛi –
7844-413: The history of the network, such as DIT theke Rampura , which was aired on its 50th anniversary in 2014. The network terrestrially broadcasts from 7'o clock at morning to after 12 midnight. Its Chittagong station broadcasts all day, along with BTV World. BTV, however, also broadcasts all day on satellite and cable television. More than 90% of the programming broadcast on Bangladesh Television is produced by
7950-483: The language as: While most writing is in Standard Colloquial Bengali (SCB), spoken dialects exhibit a greater variety. People in southeastern West Bengal, including Kolkata, speak in SCB. Other dialects, with minor variations from Standard Colloquial, are used in other parts of West Bengal and western Bangladesh, such as the Midnapore dialect, characterised by some unique words and constructions. However,
8056-510: The language movement. Although Sanskrit has been spoken by Hindu Brahmins in Bengal since the 3rd century BC, the local Buddhist population spoke varieties of the Prakrit . These varieties are generally referred to as "eastern Magadhi Prakrit ", as coined by linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji , as the Middle Indo-Aryan dialects were influential in the first millennium when Bengal
8162-535: The language. Major texts of Middle Bengali (1400–1800) include Yusuf-Zulekha by Shah Muhammad Sagir and Srikrishna Kirtana by the Chandidas poets. Court support for Bengali culture and language waned when the Mughal Empire conquered Bengal in the late 16th and early 17th century. The modern literary form of Bengali was developed during the 19th and early 20th centuries based on the west-central dialect spoken in
8268-459: The late 1990s, Bangladesh Television was the sole television broadcaster provided in Bangladesh, and was a very successful network in terms of viewership until the launch of several satellite television channels, which led to the network's downfall and stagnation, mostly due to the fact that it was used for spewing government propaganda for a long period of time. Reporters Without Borders dubbed Bangladesh Television, along with Bangladesh Betar, as
8374-428: The letter ত tô and the numeral ৩ "3" are distinguishable only by the presence or absence of the matra , as is the case between the consonant cluster ত্র trô and the independent vowel এ e , also the letter হ hô and Bengali Ôbogroho ঽ (~ô) and letter ও o and consonant cluster ত্ত ttô . The letter-forms also employ the concepts of letter-width and letter-height (the vertical space between
8480-483: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BTV&oldid=1246089480 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bangladesh Television Bangladesh Television ( Bengali : বাংলাদেশ টেলিভিশন ), commonly known by its acronym BTV ( Bengali : বিটিভি ),
8586-532: The neighbouring states of Odisha , Bihar , and Jharkhand , and sizeable minorities of Bengali speakers reside in Indian cities outside Bengal, including Delhi , Mumbai , Thane , Varanasi , and Vrindavan . There are also significant Bengali-speaking communities in the Middle East , the United States , Singapore , Malaysia , Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom , and Italy . The 3rd article of
8692-453: The network itself. During the 1980s to 1990s, Bangladesh Television created several popular television series, such as Ei Shob Din Ratri , Bohubrihi , Ayomoy , Ityadi , Kothao Keu Nei , Aaj Robibar , and many others. It has also aired several foreign television series, such as Alif Laila and The Sword of Tipu Sultan , which helped with the network's success. The era from
8798-455: The network reformed its programming, which led to a tremendous increase in viewership. According to Hasanul Haq Inu , the then Minister of Information of Bangladesh, around 83% of the country's population watched BTV in that year. [REDACTED] Media related to Bangladesh Television at Wikimedia Commons Bengali language Bengali , also known by its endonym Bangla ( বাংলা , Bāṅlā , [ˈbaŋla] ),
8904-648: The next day at 00:01 following an announcement by Masuma Khatun. No programming was broadcast on that day in order to protest Pakistani intervention. As a result, the Pakistan Armed Forces took control of the DIT Bhaban on 26 March but was attacked by the Mukti Bahini . At that moment, people joined to fight for the liberation of Bangladesh through its television industry. After the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, Pakistan Television's Dacca television station
9010-439: The next year on 30 June. The network established its Chittagong station on 19 December 1996. In May 1997, Bangladesh Television received an Asiavision Award for its coverage of the cyclone that occurred in that year. Bangladesh Television was the sole television broadcaster in Bangladesh until the launch of ATN Bangla on satellite television in 1997, and Ekushey Television on terrestrial in 2000. As competition grew over
9116-400: The off-air hours of its terrestrial feed. BTV Chittagong broadcasts on a full-day basis daily. BTV first commenced transmissions on 25 December 1964 at 19:00 ( Dhaka Standard Time ), as a pilot project in the then East Pakistan under the name, Pilot Television Dacca , airing a song titled "Oi Je Akash Nil Holo Aaj/Shei Shudhu Tomar Preme", sung by singer Ferdausi Rahman . Mordecai Cohen
9222-470: The offices and studios were shifted to the newly built headquarters located at Rampura in Dacca with newer technology. Operations from the Rampura headquarter building commenced on 6 March of that year. The founding father of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , visited the new headquarter building on 18 May 1975. A while following the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, four BTV officials, including one of
9328-514: The parliament of Bangladesh and the legislative assembly of West Bengal proposed that Bengali be made an official UN language. As of January 2023, no further action has been yet taken on this matter. However, in 2022, the UN did adopt Bangla as an unofficial language, after a resolution tabled by India. In 2024, the government of India conferred Bengali with the status of classical language . Approximate distribution of native Bengali speakers (assuming
9434-463: The rest of Bangladesh's divisions, namely Barisal, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet. The first station of BTV outside Dhaka was established in Natore in 1974. Later, more relay stations of BTV were established across the country. BTV's first contemporary regional television station was established in Chittagong in 1996. BTV broadcasts worldwide through satellite television via BTV World. It
9540-457: The same day, a Bangabandhu Corner dedicated to the founding father of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , was inaugurated at the headquarters of Bangladesh Television. In May 2022, the Government of Bangladesh ordered the broadcast of BTV's channels in airports across the country. The High Court of Bangladesh revived the trial for the four BTV officials killed in 1975 on 31 August 2022, lifting
9646-616: The series as of today. Due to a power outage caused by the North Indian Ocean cyclone on 17 November 2007, BTV temporarily ceased transmissions for nearly three hours that day. A new license office was inaugurated at the headquarters of BTV in 2008, according to a press release. In 2009, the Government of Bangladesh decided to reserve terrestrial television frequencies in the country solely to Bangladesh Television. The BBC World Service developed two television series for BTV, Bishaash and BBC Janala Mojay Mojay Shekha , to promote
9752-427: The so-called "inherent" vowel [ɔ] is first expunged from the consonant before adding the vowel, but this intermediate expulsion of the inherent vowel is not indicated in any visual manner on the basic consonant sign ম [mɔ] . The vowel graphemes in Bengali can take two forms: the independent form found in the basic inventory of the script and the dependent, abridged, allograph form (as discussed above). To represent
9858-574: The station in 1966. It was later taken off the air, although the series would return to the air in 1976. The first television commercial on PTV Dacca was aired in 1967 for a detergent soap 707 . The same year, Pakistan Television's eastern branch was converted to an autonomous corporation. The station initially broadcast on VHF channel 9, but moved to channel 6 and increased its signal on 27 October 1968. There were also plans to establish relay stations in Khulna , Rajshahi , and Chittagong. On 4 March 1971,
9964-657: The station in Dhaka is relayed nationwide via its fourteen relay stations, known as upakendra (উপকেন্দ্র) in Bengali, throughout Bangladesh. About 2 million television sets in the country receive signals from BTV, which covers more than 90% of the Bangladeshi area. VHF Band III , UHF Band IV , and UHF Band V are reserved for use by Bangladesh Television. The relay stations are located at Natore, Khulna , Mymensingh , Sylhet , Rangpur , Noakhali , Brahmanbaria , Thakurgaon , Rajshahi , Jhenaidah , Satkhira , Patuakhali , Ukhia , and Rangamati respectively. The network announced to establish six more regional BTV stations for
10070-536: The superposed chôndrôbindu (ঁ) , denoting a suprasegmental for nasalisation of vowels (as in চাঁদ [tʃãd] "moon"), the postposed ônusbar (ং) indicating the velar nasal [ŋ] (as in বাংলা [baŋla] "Bengali") and the postposed bisôrgô (ঃ) indicating the voiceless glottal fricative [h] (as in উঃ! [uh] "ouch!") or the gemination of the following consonant (as in দুঃখ [dukʰːɔ] "sorrow"). The Bengali consonant clusters ( যুক্তব্যঞ্জন juktôbênjôn ) are usually realised as ligatures, where
10176-484: The visible matra and an invisible baseline). There is yet to be a uniform standard collating sequence (sorting order of graphemes to be used in dictionaries, indices, computer sorting programs, etc.) of Bengali graphemes. Experts in both Bangladesh and India are currently working towards a common solution for this problem. Throughout history, there have been instances of the Bengali language being written in different scripts, though these employments were never popular on
10282-435: The vocabulary may differ according to the speaker's religion: Muslims are more likely to use words of Persian and Arabic origin, along with more words naturally derived from Sanskrit ( tadbhava ), whereas Hindus are more likely to use tatsama (words directly borrowed from Sanskrit). For example: The phonemic inventory of standard Bengali consists of 29 consonants and 7 vowels, as well as 7 nasalised vowels . The inventory
10388-430: The years, BTV declined and stagnated, and privately owned television channels gained more popularity among locals. However, up to 2003, Bangladesh Television had established fourteen relay stations, covering 93% of the country. In 2004, Bangladesh Television began international satellite broadcasts via BTV World . In April 2005, the Bangladeshi adaptation of Sesame Street , Sisimpur , debuted on BTV, which still airs
10494-554: Was a part of the Greater Magadhan realm. The local varieties had no official status during the Gupta Empire , and with Bengal increasingly becoming a hub of Sanskrit literature for Hindu priests, the vernacular of Bengal gained a lot of influence from Sanskrit. Magadhi Prakrit was also spoken in modern-day Bihar and Assam , and this vernacular eventually evolved into Ardha Magadhi . Ardha Magadhi began to give way to what
10600-675: Was also planned way back in 2008. On 8 February 2021, Sohrab Hossain was appointed as Bangladesh Television's new director general. On 13 March 2021, Bangladesh Television announced that they will be establishing 6 more regional stations, which was originally to be accomplished by 2023. The network officially launched its app in May 2021, in which four channels, including BTV Dhaka, BTV Chittagong, BTV World, and Sangsad Television, can be streamed worldwide. It also planned to launch its own DTH service soon. Bangladesh Television inaugurated its high definition broadcasts on its 57th anniversary in 2021. On
10706-597: Was extensively developed during the Bengali Renaissance and is one of the most prolific and diverse literary traditions in Asia. The Bengali language movement from 1948 to 1956 demanding that Bengali be an official language of Pakistan fostered Bengali nationalism in East Bengal leading to the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971. In 1999, UNESCO recognised 21 February as International Mother Language Day in recognition of
10812-651: Was launched on 11 April 2004, the same year when BTV itself also began broadcasting on satellite. BTV World broadcasts on a full-day basis, and BTV's satellite feed simulcasts the transmission of BTV World, when the channel closes down for the night, as the terrestrial feed shuts off. BTV broadcasts in over 49 countries via the AsiaSat 7 satellite, covering almost the entire continent of Asia . In 2016, BTV Chittagong began satellite transmissions with airtime hours increasing over time, which broadcast in 60 countries worldwide. In 2018, Bangladesh Television began broadcasting through
10918-704: Was more like the network itself of the 1980s and 1990s. On the same day, Jahangir Alam was removed as the director general, being appointed as the Officer on Special Duty in the Ministry of Public Administration . Nahid Islam later advised BTV not to broadcast any programming pleasing the government, and instead to work in favor of the people. Mahbubul Alam is appointed as the new director general of Bangladesh Television on 22 September 2024. Bangladesh Television operates two main television stations in Dhaka and Chittagong , of which
11024-441: Was renamed Bangladesh Television Corporation Dacca , officially losing its affiliation with PTV. Bangladesh Television's logo appeared on the television screen for the first time on 17 December 1971. Major A.T.M. Haider announced the victory of Bangladesh in the liberation war on Bangladesh Television on the same day during the afternoon. Official broadcasts using the name also began that day at 19:00 (BST). Jamil Chowdhury
11130-532: Was the first announcer on BTV. One of the first broadcasts on the station was also the announcement, "Accept our best wishes, pilot television, Dhaka, 10 Poush 1371", using the Bengali calendar date rather than the Gregorian one. It broadcast from the DIT Bhaban on a three to four-hour basis, with broadcasting equipment provided by NEC . It was originally supposed to be launched on 1 October. After three months on
11236-602: Was the first director general of Bangladesh Television. A signature tune for the station was later made, being based on Dhanadhanya pushpo bhora amader ei boshundhora, a patriotic song written by Bengali poet Dwijendralal Ray . The next year, the autonomous corporation was converted into a fully government-owned department on 15 September, being renamed again as Bangladesh Television Dacca , known just as Bangladesh Television or BTV. The network established its first television station outside Dhaka in Natore in 1974. On 9 February 1975,
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