62-616: BMCC Tribeca Performing Arts Center is a performing arts venue located in Lower Manhattan inside the Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) on 199 Chambers Street, New York, NY. Tribeca's two main theater spaces are Theatre One (a 913-seat theater) and Theatre Two (which is 262 seats), both of which can be rented out. The venue's programming includes music concerts, children's theater, stand-up acts, film retrospectives as well as local and international dance companies. It has also been one of
124-669: A combination of factors including physical damage, fire, and the building's unusual construction set off a chain-reaction collapse. In May 2002, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) issued a report on the collapse based on a preliminary investigation conducted jointly with the Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers under the leadership of Dr. W. Gene Corley , P.E. FEMA made preliminary findings that
186-470: A diverse student base, some of whom had immigrated to America shortly before enrolling. Among other issues are improving the retention and graduation rate, as well as the increased financial and academic burdens of a remedial program. Borough of Manhattan Community College's four main campuses are in the Tribeca , Civic Center , and Financial District neighborhood of Lower Manhattan . BMCC occasionally hosts
248-767: A funding agreement among New York City, New York State, and the City University of New York. In addition, approximately $ 80 million from an insurance settlement would be applied to the project's budget. Under the plan, the building was demolished and rebuilt in November 2009, and the new Fiterman Hall was completed in September 2012. College teams of the BMCC participate as a member of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). The Panthers are
310-673: A graphic designer living in of Kew Gardens , designed BMCC's official seal. BMCC's first classes were held in fall 1964. During its first school year, 42 percent of its students were African American. Plans were announced for BMCC to have its own buildings to hold its classes in 1968. In 1974, the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools determined that BMCC's physical facilities were "so inadequate as to defy description", and it said it would suspend BMCC's accreditation unless improvements were made quickly. The City University of New York's central administration evaluated BMCC
372-420: A key girder off its seat, triggering the floors to fail around column 79 on floors 8 to 14. With a loss of lateral support across nine floors, column 79 buckled – pulling the east penthouse and nearby columns down with it. With the buckling of these critical columns, the collapse then progressed east-to-west across the core, ultimately overloading the perimeter support, which buckled between Floors 7 and 17, causing
434-506: A large rise in remedial education, lack of freshman retention, and overcrowding. Due to its larger base of capital compared to most other two-year colleges, expansion of new campuses during the rebuilding of Fiterman Hall was possible. Several trailers are still used as classrooms to help expand capacity. Internal programs have also been created or expanded to help with academic advisement, provide online access for registration, transferring to other colleges, and job placement. BMCC also has
496-439: A large vertical gash near the center of the south face between floors 24 and 41. The building was equipped with a sprinkler system , but had many single-point vulnerabilities for failure: the sprinkler system required manual initiation of the electrical fire pumps instead of being a fully automatic system; the floor-level controls had a single connection to the sprinkler water riser, and the sprinkler system required some power for
558-416: A long-term lease in 1988 and became the anchor tenant of 7 WTC . On September 11, 2001, the structure was substantially damaged by debris when the nearby North Tower (1 World Trade Center) collapsed . The debris ignited fires on multiple lower floors of the building, which continued to burn uncontrolled throughout the afternoon. The building's internal fire suppression system lacked water pressure to fight
620-578: A member of the community college section of the City University of New York Athletic Conference (CUNYAC). Men's sports include baseball, basketball, soccer and swimming; while women's sports include basketball, soccer, swimming and volleyball. BMCC offers a large state-of-the-art recreation facility including a regulation basketball court, swimming pool , and weight room. There are active teams in many sports such as handball , bowling , baseball , soccer , and basketball . Sports teams compete in both
682-445: A new campus of its own. The current campus has been in use since 1983. Martin B. Dworkis was BMCC's first president. Classes were originally held in part of the ground floor, the entire second floor, and part of the third floor of an office building at 131 West 50th Street in midtown Manhattan . BMCC renovated the office space into classrooms and administrative areas, and it created its own entrance at 134 West 51st Street. Fred Kelly,
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#1732890956157744-427: A sign that the building was unstable and might collapse. During the afternoon, firefighters also heard creaking sounds coming from the building. Around 3:30 pm, FDNY Chief of Operations Daniel A. Nigro decided to halt rescue operations, surface removal, and searches along the surface of the debris near 7 World Trade Center and evacuate the area due to concerns for the safety of personnel. The fire expanded
806-516: A term of 30 years. In December 1986, after the Boesky insider-trading scandal, Drexel Burnham Lambert canceled the lease, leaving Silverstein to find other tenants. Spicer & Oppenheim agreed to lease 14 percent of the space, but for more than a year, as Black Monday and other factors adversely affected the Lower Manhattan real estate market, Silverstein was unable to find tenants for
868-751: The American Society of Civil Engineers (SEI/ASCE); the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE); the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA); the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC); the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH); and the Structural Engineers Association of New York (SEAoNY). The bulk of the investigation of 7 World Trade Center was delayed until after reports were completed on
930-620: The CUNY athletic system and the local NJCAA collegiate sports system. The women's basketball team has won numerous championships including the CUNY basketball championship and the regional Division III championships including placing third nationally in 2000 with a 21–3 regular season record. The chess team has won national awards. One of the most successful programs at BMCC is the men's soccer team with 6 consecutive wins at CUNY soccer championships, 1 regional Division III championship, and placing third in
992-422: The City University of New York (CUNY) system, BMCC grants associate degrees in a wide variety of vocational, business, health, science, engineering and continuing education fields. BMCC's original campus was scattered all over midtown Manhattan , utilizing office spaces, hotel conference rooms, and various spaces throughout Manhattan. In the mid-1970s, CUNY began scouting for suitable property on which to erect
1054-506: The Immigration and Naturalization Service . The Department of Defense (DOD) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) shared the 25th floor with the IRS. (The clandestine CIA office was revealed only after the 9/11 attacks.) Floors 46–47 were mechanical floors , as were the bottom six floors and part of the seventh floor. According to CoStar Group , floors 9 and 10 of 7 WTC were occupied by
1116-626: The Internal Revenue Service Regional Council (90,430 sq ft/8,400 m ) and the United States Secret Service (85,343 sq ft/7,900 m ). The smallest tenants included the New York City Office of Emergency Management , National Association of Insurance Commissioners , Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, First State Management Group Inc., Provident Financial Management , and
1178-548: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was authorized to lead an investigation into the structural failure and collapse of the World Trade Center Twin Towers and 7 World Trade Center. The investigation, led by Dr S. Shyam Sunder, drew upon in-house technical expertise as well as the knowledge of several outside private institutions, including the Structural Engineering Institute of
1240-555: The Tribeca Film Festival 's ceremonies and films. The main campus on 4.28 acres is located in Chambers Street, North Moore Street and covers a four block radius. It houses a swimming pool and gymnasium as well as technical facilities, computer laboratories, and a media centre. The original Fiterman Hall opened in 1959 and occupied a block bounded by Greenwich Street, Barclay Street, West Broadway, and Park Place. It had been
1302-483: The fire pump to deliver water. Additionally, water pressure was low, with little or no water to feed sprinklers. After the North Tower collapsed, some firefighters entered 7 World Trade Center to search the building. They attempted to extinguish small pockets of fire, but low water pressure hindered their efforts. Over the course of the day, fires burned out of control on several floors of 7 World Trade Center,
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#17328909561571364-586: The NJCAA national championship in 2005. 40°43′04″N 74°00′43″W / 40.71768°N 74.01188°W / 40.71768; -74.01188 7 World Trade Center (1987%E2%80%932001) 7 World Trade Center ( 7 WTC , WTC-7 , or Tower 7 ), colloquially known as Building 7 or the Salomon Brothers Building , was an office building constructed as part of the original World Trade Center Complex in Lower Manhattan , New York City . The tower
1426-402: The North Tower (1 World Trade Center) collapsed on September 11, 2001, heavy debris hit 7 World Trade Center, damaging the south face of the building and starting fires that continued to burn throughout the afternoon. The collapse also caused damage to the southwest corner between floors 7 and 17 and on the south face between floor 44 and the roof; other possible structural damage included
1488-495: The Salomon Brothers building. Most of the three existing floors were removed as tenants continued to occupy other stories, and more than 350 tons (U.S.) of steel were added to construct three double-height trading floors. Nine diesel generators were installed on the 5th floor as part of a backup power station. "Essentially, Salomon is constructing a building within a building – and it's an occupied building, which complicates
1550-586: The Secret Service's largest field office were lost, with one Secret Service agent saying, "All the evidence that we stored at 7 World Trade, in all our cases, went down with the building." Copies of emails in connection with the WorldCom scandal that were later requested by the SEC from Salomon Brothers , a subsidiary of Citigroup housed in the building, were also destroyed. The NIST report found no evidence supporting
1612-578: The Secret Service. The CIA had offices on the 25th floor of 7 WTC, as reported by the Associated Press . The National Institute of Standards and Technology 's 2008 Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7 confirmed that floor 14 was vacant, and updated the news reports of CoStar and Associated Press from 2001 to show that Salomon Smith Barney leased floors 15 to 17. The total amount of space occupied by each tenant was: As
1674-509: The Twin Towers. In the meantime, NIST provided a preliminary report about 7 WTC in June 2004, and thereafter released occasional updates on the investigation. According to NIST, the investigation of 7 World Trade Center was delayed for a number of reasons, including that NIST staff who had been working on 7 World Trade Center were assigned full-time from June 2004 to September 2005 to work on
1736-431: The building became its command center. That afternoon, 7 World Trade Center , across the street from BMCC's Fiterman Hall, collapsed, and the building fell onto Fiterman Hall, rendering the hall uninhabitable. BMCC's staff worked constantly to restore Fiterman Hall and, on October 1, the building reopened for classes. The hall was eventually demolished and a new building opened in September 2012. BMCC has also recorded
1798-525: The building were used by the New York City Office of Emergency Management , Salomon Smith Barney , and other tenants. In order to supply the generators, 24,000 gallons (91,000 L) of diesel fuel were stored below ground level. Diesel fuel distribution components were located at ground level, up to the ninth floor. The roof of the building included a small west penthouse and a larger east mechanical penthouse. Each floor had 47,000 sq ft (4,400 m ) of rentable office space, which made
1860-509: The building's floor plans considerably larger than most office buildings in the city. In all, 7 World Trade Center had 1,868,000 sq ft (173,500 m ) of office space. Two pedestrian bridges connected the main World Trade Center complex, across Vesey Street, to the third floor of 7 World Trade Center. In addition to several acquired artworks, from artists such as Frank Stella , Roy Lichtenstein , and Ross Bleckner ,
1922-458: The building) which included floors 28–45. Other major tenants included ITT Hartford Insurance Group (122,590 sq ft/11,400 m ), American Express Bank International (106,117 sq ft/9,900 m ), Standard Chartered Bank (111,398 sq ft/10,350 m ), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (106,117 sq ft/9,850 m ). Smaller tenants included
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1984-426: The building. 7 World Trade Center was constructed above a two-story Con Edison substation that had been located on the site since 1967. The substation had a caisson foundation designed to carry the weight of a future building of 25 stories containing 600,000 sq ft (56,000 m ). However, the final design for 7 World Trade Center was for a much larger building than originally planned when
2046-402: The collapse was not primarily caused by actual impact damage from the collapse of 1 WTC and 2 WTC but by fires on multiple stories ignited by debris from the other two towers that continued burning unabated due to lack of water for sprinklers or manual firefighting. The report did not reach conclusions about the cause of the collapse and called for further investigation. Subsequently,
2108-450: The college administration more favorably. By 1980, BMCC's passing rates on nursing certification exams had significantly improved, and BMCC no longer had a financial deficit. BMCC's new campus building opened in January 1983. A 15-story building at 30 West Broadway was donated to BMCC in 1993 by Miles and Shirley Fiterman; the building was subsequently named Fiterman Hall in their honor. On
2170-408: The conspiracy theories that 7 World Trade Center was brought down by controlled demolition. Specifically, the window breakage pattern and blast sounds that would have resulted from the use of explosives were not observed. The suggestion that an incendiary material such as thermite was used instead of explosives was considered unlikely by NIST because of the building's structural response to the fire,
2232-415: The distribution of loads between the new and old caissons. Above the 7th floor, the building's structure was a typical tube-frame design, with columns in the core and on the perimeter, and lateral loads resisted by perimeter moment frames. A shipping and receiving ramp, which served the entire World Trade Center complex, occupied the eastern quarter of the 7 World Trade Center footprint. The building
2294-404: The east mechanical penthouse started crumbling. Differing times are given as to what time the building completely collapsed: at 5:21:10 pm EDT according to FEMA, and at 5:20:52 pm EDT according to NIST. There were no casualties associated with the collapse. NIST found no evidence to support conspiracy theories such as the collapse being the result of explosives; it found that
2356-584: The effects of thermal expansion on floor support systems be considered. Recognizing that current building codes are drawn to prevent loss of life rather than building collapse, the main point of NIST's recommendations was that buildings should not collapse from fire even if sprinklers are unavailable. The collapse of 7 WTC sent debris flying into the nearby Borough of Manhattan Community College 's Fiterman Hall building, located at 30 West Broadway, damaging and contaminating it beyond repair. A revised plan called for demolition in 2009 and completion of
2418-451: The emergency command center and associated fuel tanks at 7 World Trade Center. Although this decision was criticized in light of the events of 9/11 , the fuel in the building is not believed to have contributed to the collapse of the building. At the time of the September 11 attacks, Salomon Smith Barney was by far the largest tenant in 7 World Trade Center, occupying 1,202,900 sq ft (111,750 m ) (64 percent of
2480-449: The fires. It began to collapse when a critical internal column buckled and triggered cascading failure of nearby columns throughout, which were first visible from the exterior with the crumbling of a rooftop penthouse structure at 5:20:33 pm. This initiated the progressive collapse of the entire building at 5:21:10 pm , according to FEMA , while the 2008 NIST study placed the final collapse time at 5:20:52 pm . The collapse made
2542-409: The flames visible on the east side of the building. During the afternoon, the fire was also seen on floors 6–10, 13–14, 19–22, and 29–30. In particular, the fires on floors 7 through 9 and 11 through 13 continued to burn out of control during the afternoon. At approximately 2:00 pm, firefighters noticed a bulge in the southwest corner of 7 World Trade Center between the 10th and 13th floors,
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2604-429: The girders of the building, causing some to collapse. This led to the northeast corner core column (Column 79), which was especially large, to buckle below the 13th floor. This caused the floors above it to collapse to the transfer floor at the fifth level. The structure also developed cracks in the facade just before the entire building started to fall. According to FEMA, this collapse started at 5:20:33 pm EDT when
2666-419: The global response to the initiating events. NIST determined that diesel fuel did not play an important role, nor did the structural damage from the collapse of the Twin Towers or the transfer elements (trusses, girders, and cantilever overhangs). The lack of water to fight the fire was an important factor. The fires burned out of control during the afternoon, causing floor beams near column 79 to expand and push
2728-419: The investigation of the collapse of the Twin Towers. In June 2007, Shyam Sunder explained, We are proceeding as quickly as possible while rigorously testing and evaluating a wide range of scenarios to reach the most definitive conclusion possible. The 7 WTC investigation is in some respects just as challenging, if not more so than the study of the towers. However, the current study does benefit greatly from
2790-551: The lobby of 7 World Trade Center housed a large mural by artist Al Held , titled The Third Circle . The groundbreaking ceremony was hosted on October 2, 1984. The building opened in May 1987 as part of the World Trade Center . In June 1986, before construction was completed, developer Larry Silverstein signed Drexel Burnham Lambert as a tenant to lease the entire 7 World Trade Center building for $ 3 billion over
2852-454: The morning of September 11, 2001 , BMCC's students, teachers, and staff members heard explosions coming from the direction of the World Trade Center , which was located just a few blocks away. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey used the gymnasium at BMCC's main building to triage survivors, and BMCC donated medical supplies from BMCC's Nursing Department to treat victims. The Port Authority set up generators at BMCC's main building, and
2914-419: The nature of the fire, and the unlikelihood that a sufficient amount of thermite could be planted without discovery. Based on its investigation, NIST reiterated several recommendations it had made in its earlier report on the collapse of the Twin Towers. It urged immediate action on a further recommendation: that fire resistance should be evaluated under the assumption that sprinklers are unavailable; and that
2976-506: The old 7 World Trade Center the first steel skyscraper known to have collapsed primarily due to uncontrolled fires. A new building on the site opened in 2006. The original 7 World Trade Center was a 47-story building, designed by Emery Roth & Sons , with a red granite facade. The building was 610 feet (190 m) tall, with a trapezoidal footprint that was 330 ft (100 m) long and 140 ft (43 m) wide. Tishman Realty & Construction managed construction of
3038-465: The original location of King's College, before it was renamed Columbia University and moved to Morningside Heights . Fiterman Hall was donated to BMCC in 1993 by Miles and Shirley Fiterman, for whom the building was subsequently named. The building had previously been used as a bank, and CUNY had wanted to rent the building from the Fitermans, but they decided to donate the building to CUNY instead. It
3100-699: The remaining portion of the building above to fall down as a single unit. The fires, which were fueled by office contents and burned for 7 hours, along with the lack of water, were the key reasons for the collapse. At the time, this made the old 7 WTC the only steel skyscraper to have collapsed from fire, but not the last, with others including Edifício Wilton Paes de Almeida , the Plasco Building , and Windsor Tower . Files relating to numerous federal investigations had been housed at 7 World Trade Center. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission estimated over 10,000 of its cases were affected. Investigative files in
3162-487: The remaining space. By April 1988, he had lowered the rent and made other concessions. In November 1988, Salomon Brothers withdrew from plans to build a large new complex at Columbus Circle in Midtown , instead agreeing to a 20-year lease for the top 19 floors of 7 World Trade Center. The building was extensively renovated in 1989 to accommodate Salomon Brothers, and 7 World Trade Center alternatively became known as
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#17328909561573224-451: The same year, and it found that student grades were inflated to such an extent that they were essentially meaningless. There was a ground-breaking ceremony on a new building for BMCC the same year. Because of the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis , however, construction was suspended the next year. In 1977, BMCC's president, Edgar D. Draper, was fired after he improperly persuaded a college association evaluation team to alter its report to show
3286-580: The significant technological advances achieved and lessons learned from our work on the towers. In November 2008, NIST released its final report on the causes of the collapse of 7 World Trade Center. This followed NIST's August 21, 2008, draft report, which included a period for public comments, and was followed in 2012 by a peer-reviewed summary in the Journal of Structural Engineering . In its investigation, NIST utilized ANSYS to model events leading up to collapse initiation and LS-DYNA models to simulate
3348-487: The situation", said a district manager of Silverstein Properties . According to Larry Silverstein, the unusual task was possible because it could allow "entire portions of floors to be removed without affecting the building's structural integrity, on the assumption that someone might need double-height floors." After the World Trade Center bombing of February 26, 1993, New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani decided to situate
3410-419: The substation was built. The structural design of 7 World Trade Center therefore included a system of gravity column transfer trusses and girders, located between floors 5 and 7, to transfer loads to the smaller foundation. Existing caissons installed in 1967 were used, along with new ones, to accommodate the building. The 5th floor functioned as a structural diaphragm, providing lateral stability and
3472-506: The venues for the annual Tribeca Film Festival . 40°43′2″N 74°00′44″W / 40.71722°N 74.01222°W / 40.71722; -74.01222 This New York City –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Borough of Manhattan Community College The Borough of Manhattan Community College ( BMCC ) is a public community college in New York City . Founded in 1963 as part of
3534-426: Was 47 stories tall, clad in red granite masonry, and occupied a trapezoidal footprint. An elevated walkway spanning Vesey Street connected the building to the World Trade Center plaza. The building was situated above a Consolidated Edison power substation, which imposed unique structural design constraints. When the building opened in 1987, Silverstein had difficulties attracting tenants. Salomon Brothers signed
3596-422: Was heavily compromised by debris from the collapse of 7 World Trade Center , and the renovation was never completed. The building became unsafe to occupy because of exposed asbestos and mold growth. Since traditional demolition would result in an unacceptable environmental impact, the building was scheduled for deconstruction and decontamination as a part of the Lower Manhattan redevelopment project. Fiterman Hall
3658-534: Was located on a city block bounded by West Broadway , Vesey Street , Washington Street , and Barclay Street on the east, south, west, and north, respectively. It was developed by Larry Silverstein , who held a ground lease for the site from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , and designed by Emery Roth & Sons . It was destroyed during the September 11 attacks . The original 7 World Trade Center
3720-450: Was open below the 3rd floor, providing space for truck clearance on the shipping ramp. The spray-on fireproofing for structural steel elements was gypsum -based Monokote , which had a two-hour fire rating for steel beams, girders, and trusses, and a three-hour rating for columns. Mechanical equipment was installed on floors four through seven, including 12 transformers on the 5th floor. Several emergency generators installed in
3782-572: Was the largest gift of a building to a community college in the United States, and it was the largest donation ever to CUNY. The building was renamed Miles and Shirley Fiterman Hall. In 2000, the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York , which owned the building, began a massive renovation to better adapt the building for classroom use. During the September 11 attacks, the building's structure
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#17328909561573844-426: Was to be replaced by a new building designed by the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners after the deconstruction, and was scheduled to be completed by February 2007. However, environmental impact concerns and funding issues caused numerous delays. At a press conference at BMCC on November 13, 2008, city and state officials announced a new agreement that revised demolition and reconstruction plans through
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