Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
54-617: The Bundesstraße 191 or B 191 is a German federal road. It begins in Celle at the B ;3 and ends north of Plau am See , connecting to the B 103 at the new bypass. The old unmetalled road between Ludwigslust and Parchim was upgraded in 1845 to a surfaced road. One year later roadworks were completed as far as Lübz and, in 1936, the first road bridge over the Elbe was opened in Dömitz . In 1937
108-571: A Karstadt department store in Celle town centre, the façade of which was identical to that of the Karstadt store on Berlin 's Hermannplatz. The Celle branch was demolished in the 1960s and replaced by a controversial new building, the aluminium-braced facade of which was meant to represent Celle's timber-framed houses . During Kristallnacht , the anti-Jewish pogrom in Nazi Germany on 9/10 November 1938,
162-465: A Renaissance style. Another major attraction is the Stadtkirche (town church) with its white tower, from where the town trumpeter blows a fanfare twice a day (an old tradition that was revived as a tourist attraction). Originally it was a small gothic chapel built in 1380, but it was enlarged from 1675 to 1698 and transformed into a baroque church with impressive stucco ornaments. Hugenottenstrasse
216-455: A lion rampant azure surrounded by seven hearts gules on an inescutcheon bendwise or . The helmet on the full coat of arms is described as follows: On the shield is a blue and white wreathed helmet with a mantling , blue on the outside and white on the inside. The crest consists of two sickles leaning outwards with red handles. The sickles have their points upwards, blades inward-facing and are decorated with peacock 's eyes on
270-486: A castle because of its typical baroque architecture. That the citizens of Celle once − in a vote − chose to have a prison in Celle rather than a university in order to protect the virtue of their daughters is not verifiable but it has remained a persistent anecdote in popular folklore. In August 1714 George Elector of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick–Lüneburg (King George I) ascended to the British throne. Between then and 1866, when
324-602: A major garrison town. After the war Celle applied, along with Bonn and Frankfurt , to become the seat for the Parliamentary Council ( Parlamentarischer Rat ), the immediate post-war governmental body in Germany, later superseded by the West German Bundestag . In the end the privilege went to Bonn . Trenchard Barracks in Celle was the most modern barracks in Germany during the war, with blackout blinds between
378-438: A new industrial estate and the old village by the B 191 federal road that runs from Celle to Eschede and Uelzen . The industrial estate includes a post office distribution centre. The railway line from Celle to Wittingen runs past the edge of Altenhagen, but the station at Altenhagen has rarely been used since it was closed to passenger services. The centre of the old village is characterised by several rural farmyards and
432-542: A number of handicraft firms. There is also a kindergarten and the local community hall for the parish of Celle's town church. On the northeastern edge of the village is a large vocational college campus which incorporates two training schools ( Berufsbildende Schulen ), BBS I and BBS IV, and known as the Albrecht Thear School. The village council has common responsibility for the Celle districts of Altenhagen, Bostel and Lachtehausen. The chairman ( Ortsbürgermeister )
486-570: A number of villages from the surrounding area. On 25 July 1978 a staged bomb attack was made on the outer wall of the prison. This was initially blamed on the Red Army Faction , but was later revealed to have been perpetrated by Lower Saxony 's intelligence service, the Verfassungsschutz . The incident became known as the Celle Hole . In 2004 the region of Lüneburg was dissolved along with
540-532: A school in Celle, was founded by Albrecht Daniel Thaer in 1796. The Bomann Museum opposite the castle has works by the artist Eberhard Schlotter and has exhibitions of local folklore and town history. It houses the Tansey Collection, a collection of portrait miniatures . The Celle Art Museum ( Kunstmuseum Celle ) with its Robert Simon collection is affiliated with the Bomann Museum. In the castle itself
594-575: A total of 8,800 in 1818 but by 1900 this had more than doubled to 20,000. The incorporation of the surrounding villages on 1 April 1939 saw a further (artificial) rise in numbers to 38,000. Shortly after the Second World War the many refugees and displaced persons from Eastern Europe led to a steep rise in the number of inhabitants within just a few months from around 17,000 to 55,000 by December 1945. The addition of new municipalities on 1 January 1973 saw an additional 18,691 people being included within
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#1732869216676648-420: A town park have been established on the rest of the terrain. In 1892 − with the help of numerous citizens' donations − the present-day Bomann Museum with its important folklore and town-history collections was founded. In 1913 the 74 metre high clock tower was built on the town church and its clockwork underwent a major restoration in 2008. In the 1920s the silk mill was built. It was merged in 1932 with
702-484: Is a historical street with well-preserved wooden houses built at the beginning of the 18th century. It was the main street of a residential area specially laid out for French Huguenots who sought refuge in Celle because of the Persecution of Huguenots under Louis XV in the 17th century. The oldest house dates from 1693. On the corner of Emigrantenstraße, another historical street which was laid out for Austrian refugees at
756-642: Is the Residenz Museum , which makes use of its premises and an exhibition to document the princely House of Welf . The Garrison Museum deals with the history of Celle Garrison from 1866 to the present day, whilst the Shooting Museum ( Schützenmuseum ) in Haus der Stadtmauer is devoted to Celle's shooting club history. The work of Celle's Neues Bauen architect, Otto Haesler, is charted by the Haesler Museum. And in
810-487: The Second World War the barracks was used by British troops until 1993 during which time 94 Locating Regiment Royal Artillery held residency for over 25 years, followed briefly by 14 Signal Regiment, which relocated from Scheuen until the barracks were handed back to the local authorities. Today the New Town Hall ( Neue Rathaus ) and Celle Council Offices are housed in the restored brick building. Residential buildings and
864-738: The State Stud Farm . That began its development into an administrative and judicial centre. Even today the Lower Saxony-Bremen State Social Security Tribunal and the High Court responsible for most of Lower Saxony are based in Celle, amongst others. Celle is also still home to a prison (the Justizvollzugsanstalt Celle or JVA Celle ), which was built in a baroque style in the west of the city centre between 1710 and 1731. Sometimes tourists mistake it for
918-505: The baroque castle theatre built. Because of the persecution of Huguenots under Louis XIV many French Huguenots sought refuge in Germany, especially in Berlin and in the towns of Celle, Neuwied and Hanau . About 300 Huguenots settled in Celle, where a new residential area was laid out for them in the southwest of the centre. Its main street, Hugenottenstrasse , is still a sightworthy historical street with well-preserved wooden houses built at
972-632: The 19th Artillery Regiment were garrisoned in the town. Celle was also the headquarters of a military district command and a military records office. The different German Army barracks (including the Freiherr von Fritsch Barracks in Scheuen and the Cambridge Dragoons Barracks in the city) were used as sites for the German 33rd Armoured Brigade until the 1990s. The Celle Air Base (Immelmann Barracks) in
1026-461: The CDU won the majority of votes. The town council has 42 elected members as well as the directly elected mayor ( Oberbürgermeister ). Since the local elections of 11 September 2016, it has consisted of ten parties or voting groups: Blazoning : Azure , a castle , triple-towered, embattled above the port , all argent, masoned sable , the port sable, the towers roofed gules . The port charged with
1080-556: The Cambridge Dragoons Barracks ( Cambridge-Dragoner-Kaserne ) for the homonymous regiment named after the Hanoveran Viceroy Duke Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge , was built in Celle. After being extended in 1913 and partially rebuilt after a fire in 1936, it was renamed Goodwood Barracks in 1945 and from 1976 to 1996 was the headquarters of Panzerbrigade 33 in the German armed forces, the Bundeswehr . In 1989 it
1134-578: The District of Wietzenbruch is now the site of the Training Centre of the Army Aviation School and the Cambridge Dragoons Barracks has now become a youth cultural centre (CD-Kaserne). The British Army barracks, which as Celle Station formed part of Bergen-Hohne Garrison , were handed over to the German authorities on 5 November 2012. Since German reunification , Celle has largely lost its role as
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#17328692166761188-467: The Second World War. 550 houses were heavily damaged and 614 were slightly damaged. Celle was spared from further destruction by surrendering without a fight to advancing allied troops on 12 April 1945, so that the historical city centre and the castle survived the war completely unscathed. In Nazi Germany , Celle was an important garrison location. Elements of the 17th and 73rd Infantry Regiments and
1242-524: The Younger built the castle chapel, which was consecrated in 1585. In 1660 Celle had 3,750 inhabitants. From 1665 to 1705 Celle experienced a cultural boom as a Residenz under Duke George William . This has been put down in particular to his French wife, Eleonore d'Olbreuse, who brought fellow Huguenot Christians and Italian architects to Celle. During this time the French and Italian Gardens were laid out and
1296-401: The beginning of the 18th century, Neuhäuser Kirche, a Lutheran church was founded in 1710. It was enlarged from 1852 to 1866. Its steeple dates from the same period. Even a large prison ( Justizvollzugsanstalt, JVA ) was built in a baroque style in the west of the city centre from 1710 to 1731. It was the only historical building of Celle which was damaged during the air raid on 8 April 1945. It
1350-422: The beginning of the 18th century. Many French refugees worked in the castle as cooks and servants, but some of them opened shops in Celle as tailors, carpenters, joiners, confectioners, wig makers and glovers, thus introducing some French cuisine, fashion and lifestyle into the town. Some years later protestant refugees from Austria sought refuge in Celle as well. Emigrantenstraße is another historical street, which
1404-491: The borough of Celle and bringing the total population to 75,178 − its historical high point. On 30 June 2005 the official number of inhabitants within Celle borough, according to an update by the Lower Saxony State Department of Statistics, was 71,402 (only main residences, and after adjustments with the other state departments). The following overview shows the population numbers based on the 'catchment area' at
1458-639: The castle ( Schloss ). The ducal palace was situated on a triangle between the Aller and its tributary, the Fuhse. A moat connecting the rivers was built in 1433, turning the town centre into an island. In 1452 Duke Frederick the Pious of Lüneburg founded a Franciscan monastery. In 1464 the grain shipping monopoly generated an economic upturn for the town. In 1524 the Reformation was introduced into Celle. In 1570 Duke William
1512-462: The darkest chapter in Celle's history. The exact number of victims has not been determined. Several of the perpetrators were later tried and convicted of this war crime . A memorial with an information board and a copper-beech tree was inaugurated in Triftanlagen park on 8 April 1992. The German word for copper-beech is Blutbuche, meaning blood beech. About 2.2% of Celle (67 houses) was destroyed in
1566-583: The double-glazed windows and other features which became commonplace afterwards. The cellar doors were trial rooms for the number of inmates from Belsen who could be gassed. When Belsen concentration camp was liberated Trenchard Barracks was used as a hospital for surviving inmates who needed treatment. Later it became the Barracks for the 1st Battalion of the Rifle Brigade. On 1 January 1973 Celle lost its status as an independent town ( Kreisfreie Stadt ) and became
1620-586: The following extreme values: The town of Celle has the following 17 boroughs or Stadtteile , some of which were previously independent villages (population as at 1 January 2005): Altencelle (4,998), Altenhagen (922), Blumlage/Altstadt (8,526), Bostel (455), Boye (832), Garßen (2,978), Groß Hehlen (2,773), Hehlentor (7,974), Hustedt (736), Klein Hehlen (5,782), Lachtehausen (639), Neuenhäusen (8,082), Neustadt/Heese (10,887), Scheuen (1,165), Vorwerk (2,842), Westercelle (7,183) and Wietzenbruch (4,805). Celle
1674-530: The form of a circular rampart (the Ringwall von Burg ) since the 10th century, and founded a rectangular settlement by the existing castle ( Burg ) 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the northwest. In 1301 he granted Celle its town privileges and in 1308 started construction on the town church. In 1378 Celle became the Residenz of the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg and in 1433 the princes of Lüneburg took up residence in
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1728-629: The largest Lower Saxon town between Hanover and Hamburg. The town covers an area of 176.05 square kilometres (67.97 sq mi). Flowing from the northeast, the Lachte discharges into the Aller within the town, as does the Fuhse flowing from the southeast. The Aller heads westwards towards Verden an der Aller , where it joins the Weser . Celle's annual precipitation is 692 millimetres (27.2 in), which puts it in
1782-459: The largest municipality in the new district ( Kreis ) of Celle. It also became the largest town in the new region ( Regierungsbezirk ) of Lüneburg . At the same time the localities of Ummern, Pollhöfen and Hahnenhorn were incorporated into Gifhorn district . Since then the parish of Hohne has looked after six villages ( Hohne , Helmerkamp, Spechtshorn , Ummern, Pollhöfen and Hahnenhorn) in two rural districts. The town of Celle has also incorporated
1836-514: The left charged with the lion of the Dukes of Lüneburg . Celle is twinned with: The buildings in Celle's old town centre date back to the 16th century, among them numerous (and some 480 restored) half-timber houses with wood carvings, making Celle an important city for tourism in the southern Lüneburg Heath region. One of the most famous houses is Hoppenerhaus dating from 1532. The Old Latin School
1890-486: The middle third of locations in Germany. 39% of the Deutscher Wetterdienst 's weather stations record lower values. The wettest month is August, which has 1.5 times the amount of precipitation as February, the driest month. Monthly precipitation varies only slightly and is very evenly spread throughout the year. Only 1% of German weather stations show a lower annual variation. The Celle weather station has recorded
1944-465: The old storage barn ( Treppenspeicher ) built in 1607, as well as the orangery , built in 1677 for the Institute of Apiculture, an exhibition of beekeeping may be viewed. Altenhagen (Celle) Altenhagen has been a municipality in the borough of Celle in northern Germany since 1973. It lies on the northeastern edge of the town. The original village dates back to 1377. The area is divided into
1998-649: The one in Peine to become the Seidenwerk Spinnhütte AG . This concern expanded during the Nazi era into an armaments centre under the name of Seidenwerk Spinnhütte AG. A subsidiary founded in 1936, the Mitteldeutsche Spinnhütte AG, led war preparations through its branches in the central German towns of Apolda , Plauen , Osterode , Pirna and Wanfried . Its only product was the parachute silk needed for
2052-412: The outside edges. The town flag is divided into two equal stripes in the town colours of blue and white. It may also contain the town coat of arms. The town of Celle has an official seal whose design is based on the oldest town seal of 1288 with the circumscription Stadt Celle . It depicts a gatehouse between two castle towers. In the open gateway under a decorative helmet there is a shield tilting to
2106-591: The paratroopers of the Wehrmacht . During World War I , Germany operated two prisoner-of-war camps in Celle, and among its prisoners were British, Polish, Romanian, French and Russian POWs and civilians. In 1916–1917, the Germans operated a special sub-sector for Polish POWs at one of the camps, with the aim of subjecting them to propaganda and conscripting them into a planned German-controlled Polish army to fight against Russia. In September 1929 Rudolph Karstadt opened
2160-451: The purposes of Bundestag elections the town of Celle belongs to the constituency of Celle-Uelzen. In 1983, 1987, 1990 and 1994 Klaus-Jürgen Hedrich ( CDU ) won the direct vote. In 1998, 2002 and 2005 Peter Struck ( SPD ) won the majority of votes. In 2009 Henning Otte (CDU) received the direct mandate. For Lower Saxony State Parliament ( Landtag ) elections Celle forms the constituency of Celle-Stadt with its surrounding area. In 2003
2214-539: The rest of Lower Saxony's administrative districts. Celle is currently the twelfth largest town in Lower Saxony . In the Middle Ages and early modern period Celle only had a few thousand inhabitants. The population grew only slowly and dropped frequently as a result of many wars, epidemics and periods of famine. Not until the beginnings of industrialisation in the 19th century did population growth accelerate. It reached
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2268-646: The river Aller , a tributary of the Weser , and has a population of about 71,000. Celle is the southern gateway to the Lüneburg Heath , has a castle ( Schloss Celle ) built in the Renaissance and Baroque styles and a picturesque old town centre (the Altstadt ) with more than 400 timber-framed houses , making Celle one of the most remarkable members of the German Timber-Frame Road . From 1378 to 1705 Celle
2322-657: The road was designated as Reichsstraße 191 . During the division of Germany it was interrupted at the Inner German Border where the Elbe bridge had been partly destroyed in an airstrike in April 1945. The western section between Celle and the banks of the Elbe near Dannenberg (Elbe) belonged to West Germany and was called the Bundesstraße 191 . The eastern section between Dömitz and Plau am See belonged to East Germany and
2376-464: The synagogue in Celle was saved from complete destruction only because it was in a very narrow lane and there would have been a risk to the adjacent leather factory and other parts of the historical city centre with its old wooden houses. On 1 April 1939 Altenhäusen, Klein Hehlen, Neuenhäusen, Vorwerk and Wietzenbruch were incorporated into Celle. The only serious allied bombing attack on the city during World War II occurred on 8 April 1945, when 2.2% of
2430-454: The time. The 1818 figure is an estimate, the rest are based on census results(¹) or official updates by the Department of Statistics. From 1871 the returns show the population actually present, from 1925 the resident population and since 1987 the population residing at their main residence. Before 1871 the numbers are based on various, different census-gathering processes. ¹ Census results For
2484-598: The town became Prussian during the Austro-Prussian War as part of the province of Hanover , Celle was a possession of the British Hanoverian line . In 1786 Albrecht Thaer founded the first German Agricultural Testing Institute in the meadows in the Dammasch ( dam marsh ) (today Thaer's Garden). The Albrecht-Thaer School is nowadays part of a vocational centre in the Celle sub-district of Altenhagen . In 1842
2538-507: The town was destroyed, especially the industrial areas and railway freight terminal. A train in which about 4,000 prisoners were being transported to the nearby Bergen-Belsen concentration camp was hit. The attack claimed hundreds of casualties, but some of the prisoners managed to escape into the nearby woods. SS guards and Celle citizens participated in the so-called 'Celle hare hunt' ( Celler Hasenjagd ). The 'hunt' claimed several hundred dead and went on until 10 April 1945 and represented
2592-418: Was built in 1602. The most impressive building in Celle is the ducal palace, Schloss Celle , which was built in 1530 in a well-kept park at the site of the former castle. It was enlarged in a baroque style in the 17th century, and a renaissance chapel and a special theatre which is the oldest theatre in Germany were added in 1674. The Old City Hall which is famous for its sandstone carvings was built 1561-1579 in
2646-653: Was first mentioned in a document of A.D. 985 as Kiellu (which means Fischbucht or fishing bay). It was granted the right to mint and circulate its own coins under the minting rights during the 11th century and several coins were found in the Sandur hoard in the Faroes . In 1292 Duke Otto II the Strict (1277–1330), a Welf who ruled the Principality of Lüneburg from 1277 to 1330, left Altencelle , where there had been defences in
2700-407: Was known as Fernverkehrsstraße 191 (abbr: F 191 ). Since the rebuilding of the 970 m long Elbe Bridge at Dömitz in 1992 it has been possible to drive along this federal highway from end to end. Celle Celle ( German pronunciation: [ˈtsɛlə] ) is a town and capital of the district of Celle in Lower Saxony , in north-central Germany. The town is situated on the banks of
2754-673: Was laid out for the Austrians. In 1705 the last duke of the Brunswick–Lüneburg line died and Celle, along with the Principality of Lüneburg , passed back to the Hanover line of the Welfs . By way of compensation for the loss of its status as a Residenz town numerous administrative institutions were established in Celle, such as the Higher Court of Appeal ( Oberappellationsgericht ), the prison and
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#17328692166762808-515: Was renamed again to Cambridge-Dragoner-Kaserne. Since 1996 the area has mainly been used to house one of the largest youth centres in Lower Saxony. From 1869 to 1872 an infantry barracks was built for the 77th Infantry Regiment which also gave the main street (running the length of the front of the barracks) its name of 77er Strasse. In 1938 it was renamed the Heidekaserne ("Heath Barracks"). After
2862-489: Was repaired after the war. Sometimes tourists walking from the railway station to the centre mistake it for a castle because of its typical baroque architecture. Celle has a synagogue built in 1740, one of the few that survived the Nazi pogrom night of 1938, thanks to its location in a narrow street of wooden half-timber houses next to an important leather factory that would have been collaterally damaged. The Albrecht Thaer School,
2916-506: Was the official residence of the Lüneburg branch of the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( House of Welf ), who had been banished from their original ducal seat by its townsfolk. The town of Celle lies in the glacial valley of the Aller , about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Hanover , 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Brunswick and 120 kilometres (75 mi) south of Hamburg . With 71,000 inhabitants it is, next to Lüneburg ,
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