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44-616: The earliest inhabitants of the area which later became Büdelsdorf, were Stone-Age people who lived there around 3000 BC. Modern Büdelsdorf originates from a small settlement attached to Rendsburg around 1300 AD. In 1777, work on the Eider Canal linking the Baltic Sea to the North Sea began. In 1779, the boundaries of village were defined. In 1827, Hartwig Marcus Holler opened the Carlshütte ,

88-535: A cabinet order establishing a Canal Commission to oversee the construction, led by Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann . Preparations for the canal began in 1776 with dredging of the lower Eider between Friedrichstadt and Rendsburg . The artificial canal was then excavated and fitted with locks to allow ships to cross the peninsula's drainage divide and descend to the Kieler Förde on the Baltic coast. Construction on

132-578: A large project. The prospect of a canal was again raised in the 1600s under King Christian IV and Duke Frederick III . After the incorporation of Holstein into the Danish crown by the 1773 Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo , geopolitical conditions at last permitted a canal's construction and operation. Surveying and planning for the canal began in 1773, with a preliminary plan for the canal proposed in February 1774. On 14 April 1774, King Christian VII of Denmark issued

176-466: A long period of infirmity, Frederick V died on 14 January 1766, just 42 years old. At the death of his father, Christian immediately ascended the thrones of Denmark and Norway as their sixth absolute monarch , a few weeks before his 17th birthday. Later the same day, Christian was proclaimed king from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace . Christian's reign was marked by mental illness which affected government decisions, and for most of his reign, Christian

220-509: A path for ships entering and exiting the Baltic that was shorter and less storm-prone than navigating around the Jutland peninsula. In the 1880s the canal was replaced by the enlarged Kiel Canal , which includes some of the Eider Canal's watercourse. The canal's watercourse followed the border between the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein , and from the time of its construction it was known as

264-413: A relationship with the courtesan Støvlet-Cathrine . He ultimately sank into a condition of mental stupor. Symptoms during this time included paranoia , self-mutilation , and hallucinations . The king showed little interest in the queen and only reluctantly visited her in her chambers. His trusted Swiss tutor, Èlie Salomon François Reverdil had to step in, among other things with love letters written in

308-501: A third packing house was built. The artificial canal had a length of 34 kilometres (21 mi), a water-level width of 28.7 metres (94 ft), a bottom width of 18 metres (59 ft) and a depth of 3.45 metres (11.3 ft), making a water-carrying cross-section of 83 square metres (890 sq ft). Ships of up to 28.7 metres (94 ft) length, 7.5 metres (25 ft) width, 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) draft and 140 tonnes (310,000 lb) displacement were allowed to pass through

352-450: A total length of 173 kilometres (107 mi). Between the Baltic and the upper Eider there was a difference in elevation of about 7 metres (23 ft), which required the construction of six locks, located at Rendsburg, Kluvensiek, Königsförde, Rathmannsdorf, Knoop, and Holtenau (from west to east). All construction work was completed by the fall of 1784. The Eider Canal soon carried a considerable volume of shipping, and as decades passed

396-461: A winning personality and considerable talent, but that he was poorly educated and systematically terrorized, and even flogged, by a brutal tutor, Count Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow . He seems to have been intelligent and had periods of clarity, but had severe emotional problems, possibly schizophrenia , as argued by Doctor Viggo Christiansen in Christian VII's mental illness (1906). After

440-450: Is still preserved today, along with remains of the lock system. From here the canal followed the Eider's natural river bed, flowing past Schirnau, Lehmbek, and Borgstedt before finally coming to Rendsburg, where the sixth and final lock stood, along with a second packing house. From Rendsburg the waterway followed the natural river Eider down to its confluence with the North Sea at Tönning , where

484-564: The River Eider to the Baltic Sea, so as to compete with the nearby Stecknitz Canal for merchant traffic. At the time the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp was a vassal of the Kingdom of Denmark , but the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein were perennial enemies to their Danish suzerains, and the political fragmentation of the region and the ongoing conflict over its rightful rule posed an insurmountable obstacle to such

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528-634: The Theatre War , French Revolutionary Wars , and the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars , also at the same time the Norwegian separatist movement was on the rise. Christian died at age 59 of a stroke on 13 March 1808 in Rendsburg , Schleswig. Although there were rumours that the stroke was caused by fright at the sight of Spanish auxiliary troops which he took to be hostile, Ulrik Langen, in his biography of

572-411: The royal chapel at Christiansborg Palace . Marriage celebrations and balls lasted for another month. On 1 May 1767, Christian VII and Caroline Matilda were crowned King and Queen of Denmark and Norway in the royal chapel of Christiansborg Palace. The marriage was unhappy, and after his marriage, the king abandoned himself to the worst excesses, especially sexual promiscuity. In 1767, he entered into

616-803: The "Schleswig-Holstein Canal". After the First Schleswig War , the Danish government renamed the waterway the "Eider Canal" to resist the German nationalist idea of Schleswig-Holstein as a single political entity; but, when the region passed into Prussian control after the Second Schleswig War , the name was reverted to the "Schleswig-Holstein Canal." In modern historiography the canal is referred to by either name. As early as 1571 Duke Adolf I of Holstein-Gottorp proposed to build an artificial waterway across Schleswig-Holstein by connecting an eastward bend of

660-496: The 20th century. In 1984, Büdelsdorf's new town center was opened, consisting of a new town hall, a community centre and several blocks of flats and shops. In 1988, Büdelsdorf acquired vast areas of land and managed to attract several companies. As a result, Büdelsdorf is a thriving community with about 11,000 inhabitants and 5,000 jobs. In 2000, Büdelsdorf was granted the title of town, opening new opportunities for its future development. Herbert Schütt , long-term mayor of Büdelsdorf,

704-549: The German government explored a number of options for renovating or replacing the canal to improve commercial and military access to the Baltic. In 1887 Kaiser Wilhelm I inaugurated construction on a new canal through Schleswig-Holstein called the Kiel Canal . Though the new canal's western end is farther south (at the mouth of the Elbe ), much of the Eider Canal's watercourse was reused for

748-868: The Rathmannsdorf lock by Altenholz , the lock at Klein Königsförde in Krummwisch , and the Kluvensiek lock in Bovenau (along with its drawbridge ) are now under cultural monument protection. Segments of the old canal in Bovenau and in Altenholz have been designated as landscape conservation areas. 54°20′37″N 9°49′47″E  /  54.3435°N 9.8298°E  / 54.3435; 9.8298 Christian VII of Denmark Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808)

792-483: The age of 23. Christian was only nominally king from 1772 onward. Between 1772 and 1784, Denmark-Norway was ruled by his stepmother, the Queen Dowager Juliane Marie , his half-brother Frederick , and the Danish politician Ove Høegh-Guldberg . From 1784, his son Frederick ruled permanently as prince regent. This regency was marked by liberal, judicial, and agricultural reforms, but also by disasters of

836-564: The artificial segment, eventually 34 kilometres (21 mi) long, began in July 1777 at Holtenau on the Baltic shore north of Kiel , proceeding to Knoop by the following autumn. This section partly followed the small river Levensau that emptied into the Kieler Förde. The section from Knoop to Rathmannsdorf was built between 1778 and 1779, and the highest segment (connecting to the Flemhuder See )

880-530: The channel. A passage through the canal and along the Eider took three days or more; in unfavorable wind ships were drawn by horses on the accompanying towpaths . In more than one hundred years of operation, the canal was crossed by about 300,000 ships. Significant parts of the former Eider Canal, along with four of its locks, are now in protected areas as important elements of the historical and cultural landscape in Schleswig-Holstein. The Holtenau lock,

924-454: The entourage on the king's foreign tour to Paris and London via Hannover from 6 May 1768 to 12 January 1769. He was given the title of State Councilor ( etatsråd ) on 12 May 1768, barely a week after leaving Altona. The neglected and lonely Caroline Matilda entered into an affair with Struensee. From 1770 to 1772, Struensee was de facto regent of the country, and introduced progressive reforms signed into law by Christian VII. Struensee

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968-402: The family was joined by another daughter, Princess Louise in 1750. In 1751, almost three years after Christian's birth, his mother Queen Louise died during her sixth pregnancy, just aged 27 years. The following year, his father married Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , who gave birth to Christian's half-brother, Prince Frederick in 1753. After the early death of his mother,

1012-488: The first industrial-age iron- and steelworks in the duchy. Holler also built a shipyard and created jobs for the factory workers' wives. In 1841, he employed more than 250 workers. In 1895, the Kiel Canal was finished and Büdelsdorf and the Carlshütte flourished. In 1909, the Carlshütte employed 1,100 workers. Development slowed with World War I. However, Büdelsdorf grew to be a borough with about 10,000 inhabitants throughout

1056-580: The future of the new heir apparent. Christoph Willibald Gluck , then conductor of the royal opera troupe, composed the opera La Contesa dei Numi ("The Contention of the Gods"), in which the Olympian Gods gather at the banks of the Great Belt and discuss who in particular should protect the new prince. At birth, Christian had two elder sisters, Princess Sophia Magdalena and Princess Wilhelmina Caroline , and

1100-490: The growing number and size of the ships wanting to make the crossing strained the canal's capacity. The winding course of the Eider and the need to navigate through the Frisian Islands at the canal's west end added to the travel time, and the drafts of late-nineteenth-century warships precluded their using the canal. In 1866 the Second Schleswig War resulted in Schleswig-Holstein's becoming part of Prussia , after which

1144-411: The king's name, in an attempt to make the marriage lead to a pregnancy and thus an heir to the throne. On 28 January 1768, Queen Caroline Mathilde gave birth at Christiansborg Palace to the royal couple's son and heir to throne, the future King Frederick VI . The progressive and radical thinker Johann Friedrich Struensee , Christian's personal physician, became his advisor and rose steadily in power in

1188-623: The king, did not indicate that there was any external cause. He was buried in Roskilde Cathedral and was succeeded by his son Frederick VI. In 1769, King Christian VII invited the Hungarian astronomer Miksa Hell (Maximilian Hell) to Vardø . Hell observed the transit of Venus , and his calculations gave the most precise calculation of the Earth–Sun distance to that date (approx. 151 million kilometres). Hell's companion János Sajnovics explored

1232-596: The late 1760s to de facto regent of the country, where he introduced widespread progressive reforms. Struensee was a protégé of an Enlightenment circle of aristocrats that had been rejected by the court in Copenhagen. He was a skilled doctor, and having somewhat restored the king's health while visiting the Schleswig-Holstein area, he gained the king's affection. He was retained as travelling physician ( Livmedikus hos Kong Christian VII ) on 5 April 1768, and accompanied

1276-606: The new waterway. Many sections were deepened, and some were straightened, cutting off bends that still exist as oxbow lakes . The new canal was opened by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1895. In 1783, as part of the canal's development, three warehouses (called "packing houses" in German) were built along the watercourse: one at the Kiel-Holtenau lock, one at the Rendsburg lock, and one in the harbor area of Tönning . These structures allowed for

1320-490: The operation of the canal's most elevated segment. From the Flemhuder See the canal proceeded westward to the south of Gut Rosenkranz until it came to a fourth lock at Klein Königsförde. From there it followed a long stretch of the Eider, a small detour northward from Königsförde to Grünhorst, and then a bend southward on Sehestedt to the fifth lock at Kluvensiek. The section from Klein Königsförde via Kluvensiek to Hohenfelde

1364-527: The other two. The canal's eastern end was in the Kieler Förde at the mouth of the river Levensau. The canal ran westward in the small river's natural bed to the first lock, by the Holtenau packing house, and on to the second, by Gut Knoop. At both of these sites there were pre-existing bridges across the Levensau. Then, for a short distance the canal separated from the Levensau to run northwest from Achtstückenberg to

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1408-412: The prince was largely denied parental affection. His stepmother Queen Juliane Marie showed no interest in him, preferring her biological son Hereditary Prince Frederick. Prone to debauchery and increasingly affected by alcoholism , the father himself became increasingly indifferent to the shy, sensitive child, who was also prone to epileptic seizures. Nonetheless, early historians state that Christian had

1452-422: The storage and handling of bulk goods transiting the canal, such as wool , cereals , coffee and salt . All three packing houses are made of bricks over a timber frame, with three full floors and an attic. The packing houses in Holtenau and Tönning are comparable in size, with approximately 4,000 square metres (43,000 sq ft) of floor space each; the Rendsburg packing house is substantially smaller than

1496-422: The third lock at Rathmannsdorf, where the canal reached its maximum elevation of 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level. The section of the canal from Knoop to the Rathmannsdorf lock has been preserved, with remains of the locks still standing. West of Rathmannsdorf the canal rejoined the riverbed of the Levensau and followed it westward until connecting with the Flemhuder See, which provided the reservoir of water for

1540-442: Was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. His motto was " Gloria ex amore patriae " ("Glory through love of the fatherland"). Christian VII's reign was marked by mental illness. For most of his reign, Christian was only nominally king. His royal advisers changed depending on the outcome of power struggles. From 1770 to 1772, his court physician Johann Friedrich Struensee

1584-563: Was anxious about the marriage but not aware that the bridegroom was mentally ill. They were married in a proxy wedding ceremony on 1 October 1766 in the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace in London, with the Princess's brother, Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany , acting as the representative of the groom. After her arrival in Copenhagen, another wedding ceremony took place on 8 November 1766 in

1628-522: Was arrested and executed the same year. Christian signed Struensee's arrest and execution warrant under pressure from his stepmother, Queen Juliana Maria , who had led the movement to have the marriage ended. Caroline Matilda retained her title but not her children. She eventually left Denmark and passed her remaining days in exile at Celle Castle in her brother's German territory, the Electorate of Hanover . She died there of scarlet fever on 10 May 1775 at

1672-531: Was born in the early hours of the morning on 29 January 1749 in the Queen's Bedchamber at Christiansborg Palace the royal residence in Copenhagen . He was the fourth child and second son of the reigning monarch of Denmark-Norway , King Frederick V , and his first wife Louise of Great Britain . The newborn prince was baptized later the same day in the afternoon by the royal confessor Johannes Bartholomæus Bluhme, and

1716-466: Was completed in 1780. Finally, locks were installed along the upper Eider's natural course, starting at Rendsburg, to raise and deepen the river and make its upper reaches navigable as far as the western end of the artificial canal. Including 130 kilometres (81 mi) of the Eider and a 9-kilometre (5.6 mi) stretch passing through the Upper Eider Lakes at Rendsburg, the shipping route covered

1760-427: Was deposed by a coup in 1772 after which the country was ruled by Christian's stepmother, Juliane Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , his half-brother Frederick , and the Danish politician Ove Høegh-Guldberg . The king divorced Caroline Matilda in 1772 after they had produced two children: the future King Frederick VI and Princess Louise Auguste . Struensee, who had enacted many modernising and emancipating reforms,

1804-418: Was named after his late grandfather, King Christian VI . His godparents were King Frederick V (his father), Queen Dowager Sophie Magdalene (his paternal grandmother), Princess Louise (his aunt) and Princess Charlotte Amalie (his grand-aunt). A former heir to the throne, also named Christian, had died in infancy in 1747, and the newborn was thus crown prince from birth; therefore, hopes were high for

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1848-425: Was only nominally king. His court physicians were especially worried by his frequent masturbation . His royal advisers changed depending on who won power struggles around the throne. Later the same year, the young king married his first cousin, the 15-year-old Princess Caroline Matilda of Great Britain , in a dynastic marriage. They had been betrothed already in 1765. Her brother, King George III of Great Britain,

1892-499: Was the de facto ruler of the country and introduced progressive reforms signed into law by Christian VII. Struensee was deposed by a coup in 1772, after which the country was ruled by Christian's stepmother, Queen Dowager Juliane Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , his half-brother Hereditary Prince Frederick , and the Danish politician Ove Høegh-Guldberg . From 1784 until Christian VII's death in 1808, Christian's son, later Frederick VI , acted as unofficial prince regent . Christian

1936-585: Was the first mayor of the town of Büdelsdorf. Büdelsdorf is twinned with: Eider Canal The Eider Canal (also called the Schleswig-Holstein Canal ) was an artificial waterway in southern Denmark (later northern Germany ) which connected the North Sea with the Baltic Sea by way of the rivers Eider and Levensau . Constructed between 1777 and 1784, the Eider Canal was built to create

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