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67-449: The Aérospatiale Alouette II ( French pronunciation: [alwɛt] , " lark "; company designations SE 313 and SA 318 ) is a French light helicopter originally manufactured by Sud Aviation and later Aérospatiale . It was the first production helicopter powered by a gas turbine engine instead of the heavier conventional piston powerplant . On 12 March 1955, the prototype SE 3130 performed its maiden flight . The Alouette II
134-501: A salver of toasted larks" during the reception following newborn Titus 's christening. Canadian poet John McCrae mentions larks in his poem " In Flanders Fields ". English composer Ralph Vaughan Williams wrote a musical setting of George Meredith's poem, completed in 1914. It was composed for violin and piano, and entitled The Lark Ascending - A Romance . The work received its first performance in December 1920. Soon afterwards
201-486: A common material being an organic compound resin with a copper wire facing or a ceramic material. In an automatic transmission , the role of the clutch is performed by a torque converter . However, the transmission itself often includes internal clutches, such as a lock-up clutch to prevent slippage of the torque converter, in order to reduce the energy loss through the transmission and therefore improve fuel economy. Older belt-driven engine cooling fans often use
268-490: A conventional link between the throttle and the collective-pitch. Instead, the Alouette II uses a simple control lever arrangement, which acts to directly regulate the collective-pitch and actuate the governor while immediately and automatically applying the correct level of power to conform with flight condition. Without a clutch , the transmission is considerably simplified in both design and maintenance aspects. Despite being
335-413: A fixed fraction of a revolution per operation. Fast action friction clutches replaced dog clutches in some applications, eliminating the problem of impact loading on the dogs every time the clutch engaged. In addition to their use in heavy manufacturing equipment, single-revolution clutches were applied to numerous small machines. In tabulating machines , for example, pressing the operate key would trip
402-582: A flying crane, with a 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) external underslung load. A high-altitude derivative, the SA 315B Lama , was developed and entered operational service in July 1971. The Alouette II also was further developed into the larger and more powerful Alouette III . In 1975, production of the type was terminated, having been effectively succeeded by these newer rotorcraft. Despite it being long out of production, considerable numbers of Alouette II were still in service at
469-408: A friction clutch (where the clutch is partially engaged but the shafts are rotating at different speeds) is sometimes required, such as when a motor vehicle accelerates from a standstill; however the slippage should be minimised to avoid increased wear rates. In a pull-type clutch, pressing the pedal pulls the release bearing to disengage the clutch. In a push-type clutch, pressing the pedal pushes
536-447: A heat-activated clutch, in the form of a bimetallic strip . When the temperature is low, the spring winds and closes the valve, which lets the fan spin at about 20% to 30% of the crankshaft speed. As the temperature of the spring rises, it unwinds and opens the valve, allowing fluid past the valve, making the fan spin at about 60% to 90% of crankshaft speed. A vehicle's air-conditioning compressor often uses magnetic clutches to engage
603-402: A high altitude and within tropical conditions where the additional power would come into play. It was capable of flying at altitudes of up to 2,286 meters above sea level while possessing an average climb rate of 250 meters per minute and a typical maximum range of 563 miles. Various alternative landing gear configurations could be fitted, including skids, wheels, or pontoons . The Alouette II
670-492: A high level of regular lubrication, the main rotorhead alone featuring 20 grease nipples that had to be re-lubricated after every five flight hours, while the drive shaft for the tail rotor was similarly demanding. Due to its high susceptibility to dust ingestion, some operators would have to remove the Alouette's rectangular sand filters after every landing in order to clean them. On 3 July 1956, prior to even entering civil service,
737-504: A lark. Traditionally, larks are kept as pets in China. In Beijing, larks are taught to mimic the voice of other songbirds and animals. It is an old-fashioned habit of the Beijingers to teach their larks 13 kinds of sounds in a strict order (called "the 13 songs of a lark", Chinese: 百灵十三套). The larks that can sing the full 13 sounds in the correct order are highly valued, while any disruption in
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#1732837933520804-455: A light helicopter, the Alouette II possesses a reasonable lift capacity and can carry underslung loads on an external sling; during one high-profile public demonstration, one helicopter was able to air-lift a compact Citroen truck weighing in excess of half a ton without visible difficulty. While flying at sea level, the Alouette II uses only 300 of the powerplant's available 400 hp; accordingly, performance can be maintained while operated at
871-416: A lower efficiency due to some energy being transferred to the oil. Since the surfaces of a wet clutch can be slippery (as with a motorcycle clutch bathed in engine oil), stacking multiple clutch discs can compensate for the lower coefficient of friction and so eliminate slippage under power when fully engaged. Wet clutches often use a composite paper material. A centrifugal clutch automatically engages as
938-512: A newly developed observation and reconnaissance helicopter in the form of the Aérospatiale AS350 Écureuil . During July 2018, a single Alouette II was involved in the helicopter prison escape of the French gangster Rédoine Faïd . The rotorcraft, which had been hijacked by gang members who held the pilot hostage at gunpoint, flew into the courtyard of Réau prison , before flying to Roissy in
1005-712: A number of dishes; for example, they can be stewed, broiled, or used as filling in a meat pie. Lark's tongues are reputed to have been particularly highly valued as a delicacy. In modern times, shrinking habitats made lark meat rare and hard to come by, though it can still be found in restaurants in Italy and elsewhere in southern Europe. The lark in mythology and literature stands for daybreak, as in Chaucer 's " The Knight's Tale ", "the bisy larke, messager of day", and Shakespeare 's Sonnet 29 , "the lark at break of day arising / From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate" (11–12). The lark
1072-399: A pre-production Alouette II, flown by Jean Boulet , established a new helicopter altitude record of 8,209 m (26,932 ft). According to the manufacturer, such early demonstrations of the Alouette II had served to promote the performance and advantages of turbine helicopters over their piston-engined counterparts. In April 1956, the first production Alouette II was completed, making it
1139-469: A series of airborne trials, the Alouette II was awarded a French domestic certificate of airworthiness , which cleared the type to enter service with civil operators. Initial production was allocated to fulfil those orders placed by the French military, as well as by civilian customers. During 1957, the first deliveries of the Alouette II were made to the French Army. Shortly thereafter, large-scale orders for
1206-424: A single revolution clutch to process the most recently entered number. In typesetting machines , pressing any key selected a particular character and also engaged a single rotation clutch to cycle the mechanism to typeset that character. Similarly, in teleprinters , the receipt of each character tripped a single-revolution clutch to operate one cycle of the print mechanism. In 1928, Frederick G. Creed developed
1273-420: A single species, the bearded reedling ( Panurus biarmicus ). The phylogeny of larks (Alaudidae) was reviewed in 2013, leading to the recognition of the arrangement below. The genus level cladogram shown below is based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the larks by Per Alström and collaborators published in 2023. The subfamilies are those proposed by the authors. For two species the results conflict with
1340-621: A single species, the horned lark , occurs in North America, and only Horsfield's bush lark occurs in Australia. Habitats vary widely, but many species live in dry regions. When the word "lark" is used without specification, it often refers to the Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) . The family Alaudidae was introduced in 1825 by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors as a subfamily Alaudina of
1407-421: A single-turn wrap spring clutch that was particularly well suited to the repetitive start-stop action required in teleprinters . In 1942, two employees of Pitney Bowes Postage Meter Company developed an improved single turn spring clutch. In these clutches, a coil spring is wrapped around the driven shaft and held in an expanded configuration by the trip lever. When tripped, the spring rapidly contracts around
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#17328379335201474-410: A troop-transport, up to four fully equipped soldiers could be airlifted at a time. Additionally, a number of Alouette IIs were modified to become what has been argued by some to have been the world's first helicopter gunships ; in this capacity, it would have been typically armed with Nord Aviation -built SS.10 or SS.11 anti-tank missiles. The nation of Rhodesia emerged as a prolific user of both
1541-455: A willingness to expand into anthropogenic habitats—as long as these are not too intensively managed—have ensured larks a prominent place in literature and music, especially the Eurasian skylark in northern Europe and the crested lark and calandra lark in southern Europe. Male larks use song flights to defend their breeding territory and attract a mate. Most species build nests on the ground, usually cups of dead grass, but in some species
1608-595: Is also (often simultaneously) associated with "lovers and lovers' observance" (as in Bernart de Ventadorn 's Can vei la lauzeta mover ) and with "church services". These meanings of daybreak and religious reference can be combined, as in Blake 's Visions of the Daughters of Albion , into a "spiritual daybreak" to signify "passage from Earth to Heaven and from Heaven to Earth". With Renaissance painters such as Domenico Ghirlandaio ,
1675-421: Is capable of accommodating a seating arrangement for up to five personnel, including the pilot; access to the cabin was provided via a pair of side-hinged doors. The compact cockpit was provided with a dome-shaped windscreen which provided for excellent levels of external visibility. The Alouette II also made innovative use of armaments. It was the first helicopter worldwide to be equipped with anti-tank munitions in
1742-412: Is driven by a motor and the output shaft is connected to the drill bit (via several intermediate components). The clutch allows the drill bit to either spin at the same speed as the motor (clutch engaged), spin at a lower speed than the motor (clutch slipping) or remain stationary while the motor is spinning (clutch disengaged). A dry clutch uses dry friction to transfer power from the input shaft to
1809-411: Is the synchronizer ring in a manual transmission. A dog clutch is a non-slip design of clutch which is used in non-synchronous transmissions . The single-revolution clutch was developed in the 19th century to power machinery such as shears or presses where a single pull of the operating lever or (later) press of a button would trip the mechanism, engaging the clutch between the power source and
1876-418: Is typically attached to a motor , while the clutch's output shaft is connected to the mechanism that does the work . In a motor vehicle , the clutch acts as a mechanical linkage between the engine and transmission . By disengaging the clutch, the engine speed (RPM) is no longer determined by the speed of the driven wheels. Another example of clutch usage is in electric drills . The clutch's input shaft
1943-411: Is usually mounted directly to the face of the engine's flywheel , as this already provides a convenient large-diameter steel disk that can act as one driving plate of the clutch. Some racing clutches use small multi-plate disk packs that are not part of the flywheel. Both clutch and flywheel are enclosed in a conical bellhousing for the gearbox. The friction material used for the clutch disk varies, with
2010-594: The Rhodesian Security Forces developed an innovative deployment tactic of rapidly encircling and enveloping enemies, known as the Fireforce , for which the Alouette II served as a core component. The quick-reaction Fireforce battalions were centred at Centenary and Mount Darwin ; emphasis was placed on locating both rotorcraft and troops as close to a current or anticipated theatre of operations as would be feasibly possible. By 1975, at which point production of
2077-494: The Teletype Model 28 and its successors, using the same design principles. IBM Selectric typewriters also used them. These are typically disc-shaped assemblies mounted on the driven shaft. Inside the hollow disc-shaped drive drum are two or three freely floating pawls arranged so that when the clutch is tripped, the pawls spring outward much like the shoes in a drum brake . When engaged, the load torque on each pawl transfers to
Aérospatiale Alouette II - Misplaced Pages Continue
2144-672: The Turbomeca Astazou IIA engine in place of the Artouste II. In 1975, production of the Alouette II ended after more than 1,300 had been built; in 1969, a new high-altitude variant, the Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama had been developed to replace it in this niche capacity. A slightly larger and more powerful helicopter in the form of the Aérospatiale Alouette III has also entered production, which had negatively impacted upon
2211-866: The suboscines and before the swallows , for example in the American Ornithologists' Union 's first check-list. Some authorities, such as the British Ornithologists' Union and the Handbook of the Birds of the World , adhere to that placement. However, many other classifications follow the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy in placing the larks in a large oscine subgroup Passerida (which excludes crows , shrikes and their allies, vireos , and many groups characteristic of Australia and southeastern Asia). For instance,
2278-404: The tarsus (the lowest leg bone, connected to the toes) has only one set of scales on the rear surface, which is rounded. Pipits and all other songbirds have two plates of scales on the rear surface, which meet at a protruding rear edge. Larks have more elaborate calls than most birds, and often extravagant songs given in display flight. These melodious sounds (to human ears), combined with
2345-613: The Alouette II and its enlarged sibling, the Alouette III. Early operations were flown with an emphasis on its use by the Army and British South Africa Police , including paramilitary and aerial reconnaissance operations. Throughout the 1960s, the type progressively spread into additional roles, including aerial supply , casualty evacuation , communications relays, and troop-transports. Rhodesian aerial operations would typically involve flying under relatively high and hot conditions, which reduced
2412-497: The Alouette II was responsible for breaking new ground when it became the first helicopter to perform a mountain rescue mission, having been deployed to evacuate a mountaineer who had suffered from cardiac arrest at over 4,000 m (13,000 ft). On 3 January 1957, the Alouette II was called upon again in order to rescue the crew of a crashed Sikorsky S-58 , which had been searching for missing mountaineers Jean Vincendon and François Henry on Mont Blanc . On 2 May 1957, following
2479-545: The American Ornithologists' Union places larks just after the crows, shrikes, and vireos. At a finer level of detail, some now place the larks at the beginning of a superfamily Sylvioidea with the swallows, various " Old World warbler " and " babbler " groups, and others . Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that within the Sylvioidea the larks form a sister clade to the family Panuridae which contains
2546-412: The clutch disc, in order to reduce NVH within the vehicle. Also, some clutches for manual transmission cars use a clutch delay valve to avoid abrupt engagements of the clutch. In a wet clutch , the friction material sits in an oil bath (or has flow-through oil) which cools and lubricates the clutch. This can provide smoother engagement and a longer lifespan of the clutch, however wet clutches can have
2613-595: The composer arranged it for violin and orchestra, in which version it was first performed in June 1921, and this is how the work remains best-known today. The old Welsh folk song Marwnad yr Ehedydd (The Lark's Elegy) refers to the death of "the Lark", possibly as a coded reference to the Welsh leader Owain Glyndŵr . The French-Canadian folk song Alouette refers to plucking feathers from
2680-414: The compressor as required. Motorcycles typically employ a wet clutch with the clutch riding in the same oil as the transmission. These clutches are usually made up of a stack of alternating friction plates and steel plates. The friction plates have lugs on their outer diameters that lock them into a basket that is turned by the crankshaft. The steel plates have lugs on their inner diameters that lock them to
2747-475: The default state is for the transmission to be connected to the engine. A "neutral" gear position is provided, so that the clutch pedal can be released with the vehicle remaining stationary. The clutch is required for standing starts and in vehicles whose transmissions lack synchronising means, is used to assist in matching the speeds of the engine and transmission during gear changes to avoid gear “crashing,” which can cause serious damage to gear teeth. The clutch
Aérospatiale Alouette II - Misplaced Pages Continue
2814-402: The demand for the older II model. The Aérospatiale Alouette II is a French light helicopter, incorporating many innovations of its time. It was powered by a single Turbomeca Artouste II turboshaft engine capable of generating a maximum output of 400 hp. The speed of the main rotor is controlled by an automated fuel supply governor , eliminating the necessity of a twist-grip throttle and
2881-496: The efficiency of aircraft in general; however, the Alouette II proved to be both hardy and relatively resistant to battle damage. In order to extend the inadequate range of the type, fuel caches were strategically deployed across the country to be used for refuelling purposes. In order to improve performance, Rhodesia's Alouette II fleet was subject to extensive modifications, including changes to their refuelling apparatus, gun sights, cabin fittings, armouring, and armaments. Over time,
2948-760: The family Alaudidae, are small- to medium-sized birds, 12 to 24 cm (4.7 to 9.4 in) in length and 15 to 75 g (0.5 to 2.6 oz) in mass. The smallest larks are likely the Spizocorys species, which can weigh only around 14 g (0.49 oz) in species like the pink-billed lark and the Obbia lark , while the largest lark is the Tibetan lark . Like many ground birds, most lark species have long hind claws, which are thought to provide stability while standing. Most have streaked brown plumage, some boldly marked with black or white. Their dull appearance camouflages them on
3015-442: The finch family Fringillidae . Larks are a well-defined family, partly because of the shape of their tarsus . They have multiple scutes on the hind side of their tarsi, rather than the single plate found in most songbirds . They also lack a pessulus , the bony central structure in the syrinx of songbirds . They were long placed at or near the beginning of the songbirds or oscines (now often called Passeri ), just after
3082-509: The first production turbine-powered helicopter in the world. Upon completion, several of the initial production models were dispatched for a series of evaluation flights in the Alps . On 13 June 1958, a single SE 3130, again flown by Boulet, re-took the altitude record, reaching a height of 10,984 m (36,027 ft). In 1964, a new version of the Alouette II was introduced, the SA 3180 Alouette II Astazou (originally called "Alouette Astazou"), using
3149-563: The form of the SS.11 MCLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile . In addition to anti-tank missiles, the French Army chose to arm their Alouette IIs with machine guns , while the French Navy outfitted theirs with aerial torpedoes to conduct anti-submarine warfare (ASW) duties. Under operational conditions, the Alouette II often proved to be a relatively maintenance-intensive rotorcraft. It required
3216-576: The founder of Turbomeca , had successfully managed to develop the Artouste , a 260 hp (190 kW) single shaft turbine engine derived from his Orédon turbine. The X.310G design was chosen and, together with an improved version of the Artouste engine, was fast-tracked towards production as the SE 3130 Alouette II . On 12 March 1955, the prototype SE 3130 performed its maiden flight; within three months, on 6 June,
3283-461: The ground, especially when on the nest. They feed on insects and seeds ; though adults of most species eat seeds primarily, all species feed their young insects for at least the first week after hatching. Many species dig with their bills to uncover food. Some larks have heavy bills (reaching an extreme in the thick-billed lark ) for cracking seeds open, while others have long, down-curved bills, which are especially suitable for digging. Larks are
3350-460: The lark symbolizes Christ , with reference to John 16:16. Percy Bysshe Shelley's famed 1820 poem " To a Skylark " was inspired by the melodious song of a skylark during an evening walk. English poet George Meredith wrote a poem titled " The Lark Ascending " in 1881. In Mervyn Peake 's Titus Groan , first book of the Gormenghast trilogy , "Swelter approache[s] [ Lord Sepulchrave ] with
3417-442: The machine's crankshaft for exactly one revolution before disengaging the clutch. When the clutch is disengaged, the driven member is stationary. Early designs were typically dog clutches with a cam on the driven member used to disengage the dogs at the appropriate point. Greatly simplified single-revolution clutches were developed in the 20th century, requiring much smaller operating forces and in some variations, allowing for
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#17328379335203484-512: The nests are more complicated and partly domed. A few desert species nest very low in bushes, perhaps so circulating air can cool the nest. Larks' eggs are usually speckled. The size of the clutch is very variable and ranges from the single egg laid by Sclater's lark up to 6–8 eggs laid by the calandra lark and the black lark . Larks incubate for 11 to 16 days. Larks, commonly consumed with bones intact, have historically been considered wholesome, delicate, and light game. They can be used in
3551-497: The north-eastern suburbs of Paris; the event allegedly occurred in under ten minutes from take-off to escape. Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67 General characteristics Performance Related development Related lists Lark see text Larks are passerine birds of the family Alaudidae . Larks have a cosmopolitan distribution with the largest number of species occurring in Africa. Only
3618-463: The only passerines that lose all their feathers in their first moult (in all species whose first moult is known). This may result from the poor quality of the chicks' feathers, which in turn may result from the benefits to the parents of switching the young to a lower-quality diet (seeds), which requires less work from the parents. In many respects, including long tertial feathers , larks resemble other ground birds such as pipits . However, in larks
3685-407: The others to keep them engaged. These clutches do not slip once locked up, and they engage very quickly, on the order of milliseconds. A trip projection extends out from the assembly. If the trip lever engaged this projection, the clutch was disengaged. When the trip lever releases this projection, internal springs and friction engage the clutch. The clutch then rotates one or more turns, stopping when
3752-411: The output shaft, for example a friction disk presses against a car engine's flywheel by a spring mechanism. The wheels of the vehicle only rotate when the flywheel is in contact with the friction disk. To stop the transfer of power, the friction disk is moved away from the flywheel by means of a lever mechanism. The majority of automotive clutches on manual transmissions are dry clutches. Slippage of
3819-568: The power shaft engaging the clutch. At the end of one revolution, if the trip lever has been reset, it catches the end of the spring (or a pawl attached to it), and the angular momentum of the driven member releases the tension on the spring. These clutches have long operating lives—many have performed tens and perhaps hundreds of millions of cycles without the need of maintenance other than occasional lubrication. Cascaded-pawl single-revolution clutches superseded wrap-spring single-revolution clutches in page printers, such as teleprinters , including
3886-419: The release bearing to disengage the clutch. A multi-plate clutch consists of several friction plates arranged concentrically. In some cases, it is used instead of a larger diameter clutch. Drag racing cars use multi-plate clutches to control the rate of power transfer to the wheels as the vehicle accelerates from a standing start. Some clutch disks include springs designed to change the natural frequency of
3953-441: The songs will decrease their value significantly. Larks sing early in the day, often before dawn, leading to the expression "up with the lark" for a person who is awake early in the day, and the term lark being applied to someone who habitually rises early in the morning. Clutch A clutch is a mechanical device that allows an output shaft to be disconnected from a rotating input shaft. The clutch's input shaft
4020-440: The speed of the input shaft increases and disengages as the input shaft speed decreases. Applications include small motorcycles , motor scooters , chainsaws , and some older automobiles . A cone clutch is similar to dry friction plate clutch, except the friction material is applied to the outside of a conical shaped object. This conical shape allows wedging action to occur during engagement. A common application for cone clutches
4087-586: The start of the 21st century. Although Sud-Est's previous helicopter design, the SE 3120 Alouette , broke helicopter speed and distance records in July 1953, it was too complex an aircraft to market successfully. With the records falling, the French government started showing interest, but with their financial backing, the state gave an ultimatum that within two years a helicopter had to be in production, otherwise all rotary wing activities would cease. SNCASE came up with seven helicopter designs powered by turboshaft engines: X.310A – X.310G. Earlier Joseph Szydlowski ,
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#17328379335204154-1607: The taxonomy published online in July 2023 by Frank Gill , Pamela Rasmussen and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee (IOC): the rusty bush lark ( Mirafra rufa ) and Gillett's lark ( Mirafra gilletti ) were found to be embedded in the genus Calendulauda . Alström and collaborators proposed that the genus Mirafra should be split into four genera: Mirafra , Plocealauda , Amirafra and Corypha . Alaemon – hoopoe-larks (2 species) Ammomanopsis – Gray's lark Chersomanes – larks (2 species) Certhilauda – long-billed larks (6 species) Eremopterix – sparrow-larks (8 species) Pinarocorys – larks (2 species) Ramphocoris – thick-billed lark Ammomanes – larks (3 species) Calendulauda – larks (8 species) Heteromirafra – larks (2 species) Mirafra – larks (7 species) Plocealauda – bush larks (5 species) Amirafra – larks (3 species) Corypha – larks (11 species) Lullula – woodlark Spizocorys – larks (7 species) Alauda – skylarks (4 species) Galerida – larks (7 species) Eremophila – horned larks (2 species) Calandrella – short-toed larks (6 species) Melanocorypha – larks (5 species) Chersophilus – Dupont's lark Eremalauda – larks (2 species) Alaudala – short-toed larks (6 species) The family Alaudidae contains 102 extant species which are divided into 24 genera : For more detail, see list of lark species . Larks, or
4221-414: The transmission input shaft. A set of coil springs or a diaphragm spring plate force the plates together when the clutch is engaged. On motorcycles the clutch is operated by a hand lever on the left handlebar. No pressure on the lever means that the clutch plates are engaged (driving), while pulling the lever back towards the rider disengages the clutch plates through cable or hydraulic actuation, allowing
4288-407: The trip lever again engages the trip projection. Most cars and trucks with a manual transmission use a dry clutch, which is operated by the driver using the left-most pedal. The motion of the pedal is transferred to the clutch using mechanical linkage, hydraulics (master and slave cylinders) or a cable. The clutch is only disengaged at times when the driver is pressing on the clutch pedal, therefore
4355-499: The type was terminated, in excess of 1,300 Alouette IIs had been constructed. The rotorcraft was also in use in over 80 countries, including 47 separate armed forces. The Alouette II was produced and sold under licence by Brazil, Sweden, India and in the United States. While succeeded in some respects by the SA 315B Lama , which was itself a derivative of the Alouette II; the French Army ultimately replaced their Alouette II fleet with
4422-530: The type were received from several foreign nations, including the United Kingdom , Federal Republic of Germany , and Austria . Almost immediately upon entering service, French forces commenced active combat operations using their fledgling Alouette II fleet; the type being placed into heavy use in the Algerian War , during which it made valuable contributions to France's activities in the theatre. When used as
4489-458: Was a widely used type and popular with operators, with over 1,300 rotorcraft eventually being constructed between 1956 and 1975. The type was predominantly used for military purposes in observation, photography, air-sea rescue , liaison and training, but it has also carried anti-tank missiles and homing torpedoes. As a civilian helicopter, the Alouette II has been used for casualty evacuation (with two external stretcher panniers), crop-spraying and as
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