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35-706: Averbode Abbey was founded about 1134–1135 by Arnold II , Count of Loon . With land donations from the Abbey of Sint-Truiden , the lords of Aarschot and Diest , and some years later Godfrey III of Leuven , the abbey was situated right on the border of the County of Loon and the Duchy of Brabant . The first canons and abbot Andreas came from the Sint-Michielsabdij in Antwerp , founded in 1124. The abbey started rather small but grew over

70-423: A dairy farm. Zonneland is a Belgian Dutch-language youth magazine published by Averbode since 1920. A French version called is called Tremplin . Arnold II, Count of Looz Arnold II (or Arnulf , Arnoul ) (died 1146), Count of Loon , son of Arnold I, Count of Loon , and Agnes von Mainz, daughter of Gerhard I, Count of Rieneck , and Helwig von Bliescastel. He is distinguished from his father of

105-544: A first press was bought to print the magazines and leaflets for the Brotherhood. In the meantime, the judicial status of the abbey was still unclear, and in 1887 the abbey was sold to the Countess of Merode , and most of the ground to her father. In the years before World War I , the abbey prospered and grew through the Brotherhood and the printing activities, with some of its magazines printed in more than 100,000 copies. The abbey

140-407: A long tradition of the sustainable production of food and drink. Old service buildings were repurposed to house a abbeycafé with a brewery, a bakery and an abbey shop. The Abbey Cafe features a variety of products, including the house beer, Momentum , which is brewed on the premises. The Abbey Shop stocks products ranging from books to regional produce, including bread baked on site. The Abbey also has

175-470: A means of spreading the Crusade amongst the youth, who were the main target of the movement. These would become the second main branch of the printing activities, together with the purely religious publications. In the early 1930s, the abbey came into financial problems due to the high costs of new buildings for the abbey and machinery for the publishing company. A reorganisation, which made the publishing company

210-664: A municipality in 1912. This municipality is located on the right bank of the São Francisco River and is 340 km from the state capital. Neighboring municipalities are: Lagoa Grande , Coromandel , Guarda-Mor , Lagamar and Paracatu . There are two districts, besides the municipal seat: Claro de Minas, 12 km. distant, and Vazamor, 32 km. distant. The statistical microregion of Pirapora includes 9 cities: Buritizeiro , Várzea da Palma , Ibiaí , Jequitaí , São Romão , Lassance , Riachinho , Santa Fé de Minas and Lagoa dos Patos . It has an area of 23,111 km2 and

245-411: A population of approximately 150,000 inhabitants. The city is located on the right bank of the great São Francisco River , the longest river to flow entirely inside Brazilian territory. Its history goes back to the colonial period of the bandeirantes and the gold panhandlers who followed the river upstream, arrived at the rapids of Pirapora and founded the settlement of São Gonçalo das Tabocas. In 1911

280-597: A school which also served as the seminary until 1949. Another school was started in Jaguarão in 1901, which was moved to Jaú in 1915. The college in Petropolis came under the leadership of Averbode in 1909 as well. A second mission started in 1903 in Denmark , where the abbey founded the parish of Vejle , with a new Catholic school and from 1913 on a hospital. In 1921, the abbey was able to buy back its buildings and grounds from

315-470: A separate company owned by the abbey instead of an integral part of the abbey, and a strict financial control helped the abbey to pay off the debts over the next decade. On the other hand, the abbey flourished now more than ever. Because of the success of the Brotherhood, the Crusade and the missions, and the population explosion in Belgium, the numbers of canons increased to 230 by 1937. The central buildings of

350-413: A total agricultural area of 57,000 hectares, of which 38,000 ha. were planted, 14,000 were in natural pasture, and 13,000 ha. were in woodland or forest. 2,800 people were dependent on farming. 107 of the farms had tractors. In 2006 there were 9,600 head of cattle. With irrigation Pirapora has become a major producer of tropical fruits, growing eating grapes, papaya, mangoes, cantaloupe, and guava. There

385-513: Is a municipality in northcentral Minas Gerais in Brazil . The population is 56,640 (2020 est.) in an area of 550 km². The name Pirapora comes from the Tupi words for "fish" + "jump", referring to the piracema season when a mass migration of fishes ascends the São Francisco River to spawn. Pirapora belongs to its own statistical microregion. The elevation of the municipal seat is 472 meters. It became

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420-476: Is also production on a smaller scale of corn, beans, rice, manioc, tomatoes, lettuce, and bananas. According to the city government site, Pirapora is the second most important city in the north of Minas, after Montes Claros, in industrial output. There is an industrial park where several small and medium industries are installed. Iron silicon, metallic silicon, and textiles are produced. In 2005 there were 39 health establishments—25 public and 14 private. There

455-565: The Abbey of Averbode , which belonged to the Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré that St. Norbert had created. Arnold had an outstanding reputation among his contemporaries, frequently being the arbiter in disputes between neighbors. In particular, he succeeded in bringing about a reconciliation between Dirk VI, Count of Holland , and Giselbert's son Otto II, to get Herman van Horne , grandson of Emmo, Count of Loon , recognized as Bishop of Utrecht . He

490-678: The Brabantse Omwenteling started a period of great political turmoil, with the French and the Austrians fighting for control over Brabant. Travelling troops heavily damaged the abbey. After the French disbanded most abbeys on 1 September 1796, the canons of Averbode were evicted on 14 February 1797. Most parts of the library and the archive, including the sumptuous Mosan masterpiece, the Evangeliary of Averbode , were brought to safety beforehand, and

525-507: The Royal Archives of Belgium in Brussels. The abbey was reestablished on 14 December 1834, with the 12 surviving monks of 1796. Averbode also served as the novitiate for the abbeys of Postel , Grimbergen and Tongerlo . By 1840, there were again 23 people connected to the abbey, a figure which slowly rose to 31 in 1850 and 43 in 1868, of which only 19 actually stayed in the abbey. Most of

560-485: The abbey, apart from the church, burned down almost to the ground on 29 December 1942. In 1945, a school in Brasschaat which was run by the abbey was hit by a V-1 flying bomb , killing a canon and three priests. The abbey reached its greatest population in 1959 with 242 people, 88 of which resided in the abbey. The others were divided over the missions, schools, dependencies and parishes maintained or serviced by Averbode. In

595-517: The abbot and some canons fled across the Rhine. In 1802, brother Ignatius Carleer bought the abbey and some monks were able to return. The church was used as parish church for Averbode (village)  [ nl ; fr ] . Because of financial problems, most of the church treasure had to be sold. Meanwhile, the library and archive were seized by the government and transferred to the University of Liège and

630-462: The buildings were rebuilt during this century. Van den Eynde was awarded the commission in 1664, after Lucas Faydherbe ’s plans were rejected. The first stone was laid on 31 July 1664. The ground-plan of this Baroque church combines a centralized cruciform space to the west for the laity with a deep choir, which was necessary for Norbertine choral services. The treatment of space is more emphatic here than in other Norbertine abbey churches, on account of

665-453: The centuries, until it was some 5500 ha in the seventeenth century, including farms, fields, woodland, mills, heath, and local chapels. The abbey also provided the priests for 27 parishes . The first abbey church was inaugurated in 1194, and soon after the nuns, who until then resided in Averbode as well, moved to Keizerbos, where it stayed until it disappeared in 1796. The gatehouse, built at

700-505: The college of Jaú was closed down. The schools in Brasschaat and Schoten saw the canons leave as well, but they continued to exist. The publishing activities also were more and more led by laymen, and the printing activities were sold in 1996. In 2011, the abbey housed 78 canons, of which 45 lived and worked in the abbey. Between 1664 and 1672, a new church was built, after a design by the Flemish architect Jan van den Eynde II . Almost all

735-485: The disappearance of the vegetation along the river. One of the old paddle wheel steamboats, the Benjamim Guimarães , can still be seen anchored in front of the city and is a major tourist site. The main economic activities are industry, cattle raising, farming (both extensive mechanized and subsistence), goods and services, and tourism. The GDP for 2005 was R$ 662,985,000. In the rural area there were 605 farms and

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770-459: The end of the 14th century, is the oldest remaining building. The church and part of the abbey was destroyed by a fire after a lightning strike on 25 October 1499. The abbey went through a prosperous period in the first half of the 16th century, under Abbot Gerard vander Schaeft. The church was rebuilt and richly decorated. Unrest and plundering troops made it necessary to flee the abbey four times in this period. Political and religious instability in

805-470: The family de Merode . The year before, the "Eucharistische Kruistocht" (" Eucharistic Crusade ") was founded, a movement to bring the faithful more in line with the Church and its doctrines, in line with the teachings of Pope Pius X . The priest Edward Poppe , although not a member of the abbey, was the leading force behind the Crusade until his death in 1924 at the age of 34. New youth magazines were created as

840-431: The fourth pillar also had to be pulled down. Works restarted with more solid material and the building was roofed over by the end of 1670. The community inaugurated the new abbey church on 11 July 1672, the feast of St. Norbert. The solemn consecration was not celebrated until 19 June 1681. Van den Eynde also produced the church's sculptures. In 2010, the courtyard was redesigned to include a reflecting pool. The abbey has

875-459: The happy combination of a radial plan with a very long and axially accentuated choir. The design combined Gothic structural forms, such as ribbed vaults, with Renaissance ornamental details. The church is considered a peculiar synthesis of Baroque and Gothic. No dome was built over the central section because in January 1668 one of the major piers collapsed. Because two other pillars collapsed after that,

910-454: The latter half of the century, with the Beeldenstorm , made the canons flee the abbey again in 1578 to the refuge of Diest. The death of 12 monks in 1579 because of the bubonic plague reduced the abbey to only 28 monks in 1584. They returned to Averbode only in 1604. The seventeenth century saw a return to strength of the abbey, with 80 monks by 1670. At the end of the 18th century, in 1789,

945-530: The others where parish priests. In 1877, the abbey founded a "Broederschap van O.-L.-Vrouw van het Heilig Hart" ("Brotherhood of Mother of the Sacred Heart "), linked with the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Issoudun . This brotherhood would give a new élan to the abbey and define its status and works until today. Membership soared, with 60,000 in 1879 and 100,000 in 1883, reaching 400,000 by 1894. In 1881,

980-432: The same name by historians who note records for counts named Arnold or Arnulf between 1179 and 1141. The first Arnold must have died between 1125 when Count Arnold appears in a record with his son also named Arnold, and 1135, when a new Count Arnold appears with his own son and successor Louis. Between these two dates, in 1129, Gislebert, Count of Duras, sought to seize the property of the Abbey of Sint-Truiden . (Giselbert

1015-707: The same year, a second Sint-Michielscollege was founded in Schoten , complementary to the one in Brasschaat . In Brazil, a new parish in Piracicaba was started, and an abbey was founded in Salto in 1963. The general decline of Catholicism in Western Europe and especially in Flanders started to affect the abbey of Averbode as well though. The work on the new abbey in Brazil was stopped and

1050-445: The small Arraial de São Gonçalo de Pirapora became the seat of a municipality and its name was shortened to Pirapora. Its street plan was laid out in the form of a chess set, inspired by the new capital of Belo Horizonte, and the streets were given names of Brazilian states. There are highway connections with the main federal highway, the BR 040, to the west. In 1910 the railroad came up from

1085-552: The south and reached Pirapora, with a bridge (694 m) being built across the river. There were plans to extend the line to the coast. At the end of the nineteen seventies the line was deactivated, but the bridge and the rails still remain. Today the river has lost its economic importance and is mainly used by tourist boats that attempt to recreate the spirit of the past, when Mississippi style riverboats were used to go as far as Juazeiro in Bahia. These boats used charcoal, which contributed to

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1120-486: Was 01 public hospital and 02 private hospitals. The number of hospital beds was 133. The Centro Regional de Saúde da Visão is a public clinic that specializes in eye surgery and attracts patients from all over the north of Minas Gerais. In 2007 there were three institutes of higher learning in the city: Instituto Educacional Santo Agostinho (private), União de Ensino de Minas Gerais Ltda (private), and UNIMONTES-Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (public). The score on

1155-663: Was a cousin, the grandson of his namesake Giselbert, Count of Loon .) A war developed between Giselbert and the supporters of the abbot Radulphe, whose allies included Count Arnold of Loon (Arnold I and/or II), Théoger, Bishop of Metz, Alexander I of Jülich, Bishop of Liege , and Waleran II, Duke of Lower Lorraine . Gislebert's supporters included his brother-in-law Godfrey the Bearded, Count of Louvain , and Thierry of Alsace, Count of Flanders . The decisive battle took place on 7 August 1129 at Wilderen where Gislebert and his allies were defeated, but peace did not return in 1131. He founded

1190-508: Was now the largest employer of the region, and built social houses for its employees in 1899 and created a cooperative dairy in 1907 and a bank in 1911. The abbey was at the time a motor of the village life, with also a school, a library and a thespian society. It was the center of Marian-centred pilgrimages, which attracted many visitors and benefited the local shops and bars. In 1896, the abbey first started with missionary work, when two canons left for Pirapora , Brazil , where they started

1225-473: Was welcomed with great distinction at the court of the emperors of Germany, and his name frequently appears among the witnesses mentioned in the charters granted by Emperors Henry IV , Henry V and Lothair II , and King of Germany Conrad III . According to a document which is considered spurious by scholars, Arnold married Aleide. Arnold is thought to have had five children: Arnold was succeeded as Count of Loon by his son Louis. Pirapora Pirapora

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