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58-480: It was founded on June 11, 1904, by Dalmiro Varela Castex, who in 1892 had imported the country's first registered automobile, a Daimler , and in 1894 its second (a De Dion-Bouton ). The ACA oversaw the first recorded Argentine auto racing event, in 1906, and became a member of the International Automotive Federation in 1926. It began to develop of national network of service stations following

116-655: A Relief Fund (one of the first worker insurance schemes) and began building separator blocks in all its plants. The following year, 1904, the whole operation moved to Untertürkheim. The last unit produced in Seelberg rolled out in the first weeks of 1905. At the outbreak of the First World War, in 1914, there was a rush to produce war supplies. In the autumn of 1915, DMG opened the Sindelfingen factory for military vehicles , aircraft engines, and even entire aircraft . After

174-681: A 1936 agreement with the state oil concern, YPF . Offering its membership cartographic , roadside assistance, insurance and other services, the ACA was inducted into the International Tourism Alliance in 1952. Its national headquarters, designed in the Rationalist style by local architect Antonio U. Vilar and collaborators Alejandro Bustillo , was completed in 1942 on Buenos Aires ' Avenida del Libertador . The building and its automobile museum are Palermo neighborhood landmarks. In 1954,

232-431: A centre of the rapidly growing automobile industry. Daimler ran into financial problems because sales were not high enough and the licences didn't yield significant profit. An agreement was reached with industrialists Max Von Duttenhofer and Wilhelm Lorenz  [ de ] , both of whom were also munitions manufacturers, along with the influential banker Kilian von Steiner , who owned an investment bank, to convert

290-578: A desire to move to the gold standard . For this system a new unit mark was proposed equal to a drittelthaler or 1 ⁄ 3 Vereinsthaler, also equal to 1 ⁄ 2 the Austrian gulden, but decimally divided into 100 pfennig instead of the existing 120 pfennig. Combined with a gold-silver ratio of 15.5, the new mark of 5 + 5 ⁄ 9 g fine silver was therefore equivalent to 100 ⁄ 279 g fine gold. With 5 billion gold francs (equivalent to 4.05 billion gold marks) secured from France at

348-575: A great fire. All the machinery and 93 finished Mercedes cars, a quarter of the annual production, were destroyed, together with a small museum with historical items like Daimler-Maybach's first ever motorcycle, the Reitwagen . Later that night a man broke into the factory and stole half the cars. He painted the words "Joe who?" on the side of them. The displaced workers received haven-salaries and additional bread rations. Neighboring businesses lent workshops, allowing production to continue. DMG created

406-465: A lower center of gravity". A small number would be produced for Jellinek under contract. This was the first true automobile designed by DMG , as opposed to a coach with an engine fitted into it. Blending the technical refinements of Maybach's new 4-cylinder engine, with a new chassis the automobile stunned the motorsport world of 1901. Jellinek had promised to purchase a large number of the race cars, (36 units for 550,000 Goldmark ), if he could also be

464-399: A new carburetor . Following the withdrawal of Gottlieb Daimler and Maybach to their own business to concentrate on cars, the enterprise had been close to a crisis but stabilised itself, selling mobile and stationary engines through a number of retailers around the world, from New York City to Moscow. The first Daimler car, a singularly inelegant model, appeared in 1892, followed in 1895 by

522-562: A new works in the mountainous region to the south of Berlin. Its scope was initially limited to motorboat and marine engines. Later, it expanded into making trucks (1905) and fire trucks (1907). The region became a centre of the automobile industry, and other businesses moved in. Untertürkheim was an ideal location to site a large factory as it was close to both the Neckar river and the Stuttgart–Ulm railway . The local Mayor Eduard Fiechtner sold

580-474: A result even left DMG for a short period. Daimler's friend, Frederick Simms, persuaded the financiers to take Gottflieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach back into faltering DMG in early 1896. Their business was re-merged with DMG 's. Daimler was appointed General Inspector, Maybach chief Technical Director and Simms a director of DMG . In 1892, Maybach designed the Phönix , an inline two-cylinder engine fitted with

638-506: A separate identity, merged ownership with that of BSA (munitions), and began producing military vehicles. It also dropped the word motor from its name. For over 65 years, The Daimler Company Limited produced a wide variety of premium quality vehicles including buses, ambulances, fire engines and some trucks but in particular medium-sized and large cars which were often very expensive. Their vehicles were distinguished by their finned exposed radiators, later by scalloped radiator shells. Until

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696-504: A standard of 5 grams silver per mark. Production of 2 and 5 mark coins ceased in 1915 while 1-mark coins continued to be issued until 1916. A few 3 mark coins were minted until 1918, and 1 ⁄ 2 mark coins continued to be issued in silver until 1919. These silver coins are token or subsidiary currency for the gold mark and are therefore legal tender only up to 20 marks. However, all silver 3-mark Vereinsthaler s issued before 1871 enjoyed unlimited legal tender status even after

754-589: A subsidiary company in Austria Edouard Sarazin began early negotiations to license Gottlieb Daimler's engines in France. After his death, his wife finally succeeded, helped by Émile Levassor and René Panhard (then a timber-machinery manufacturers) selling their first engine in 1887. Armand Peugeot , one of their clients, began fitting vehicles with Panhard & Levassor engines, and acquired Daimler 's licence from them. Peugeot focused, successfully, on

812-507: A three pointed star, with each point indicating a different way). On 5 July 1887 Daimler purchased a property in Seelberg Hill (Cannstatt) previously owned by Zeitler & Missel who had used it as a precious metal foundry. The site covered 2,903 square meters, cost 30,200 Goldmark , and from it they produced engines for their successful Neckar motorboat. They also sold licences for others to make their engine products and Seelberg became

870-606: A troy ounce of gold was worth 86.78 ℳ︁). Gold coin production ceased in 1915. 5-mark gold coins were minted only in 1877 and 1878. Gold marks are a popular choice for Latin Currency Union coin collectors. The 20 mark is the most seen and offers a variety of different types that were mass-produced and therefore can be purchased at a low premium above each coin's melt value. However, some designs are extremely elusive given that they were struck in very low mintages. The rarest type features Adolph Friedrich V with just 1,160 pieces issued by

928-424: A two-cylinder vis á vis and, in 1897, DMG's first front-engined model, a Phönix -engined four-seat open tourer. In 1900, Gottlieb Daimler died. Later DMG's successful Mercedes models based upon race cars designed by Wilhelm Maybach to the specifications of Emil Jellinek (who wanted a more modern and safer car, following the death of Willhelm Bauer in a Daimler racer) changed the board's outlook in favour of

986-574: The Papiermark (paper mark) which suffered a serious loss of value through hyperinflation following World War I during hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic . For comparison, from 1900 to 1933, the United States adhered to a gold standard as well with the gold dollar containing 1.50463 grams (23.22 grains ) fine gold; it was therefore worth 4.198 gold marks. The monetary hegemon of the time when

1044-500: The Mercedes series. The great demand for the car soon had DMG operating at full-capacity. In these early years, car races were used as advertising for their makers. Therefore, both DMG and Benz & Cie. , their great rival, put the best of their cars on the track. Daimler cars were able to beat Benz until 1908, when a Benz achieved the land speed record , but in the following years, both brands were equal. DMG expanded with

1102-572: The Mercedes Simplex of 1902–1909, (the name indicating it being "easy to drive") and the Mercedes Knight of 1910–1924, featuring Coventry Daimler's development of Charles Yale Knight 's sleeve-valve engine . All models were priced by their hp-rating. The first truck, of 1.5 tons payload, was sold to London's British Motor Syndicate Ltd on 1 October 1896. Its rear-mounted Phoenix engine produced 4 hp (3 kW) at 700 rpm. In 1897,

1160-525: The Phoenix engine. It amazed the automobile world with: Production of this engine which was put into cars, trucks, and boats became DMG 's main product until the Mercedes car of 1902. In 1902 an automobile that would later be called the Mercedes 35 hp was created by Maybach to the order of the successful Austrian merchant Emil Jellinek who became fascinated by both the Phoenix engine and race cars. The name

1218-487: The Vereinsthaler being a silver standard currency, it remained unlimited legal tender for 3 gold marks until it was demonetized in 1908. The South German gulden of 4 ⁄ 7 Vereinsthaler was converted to 1 + 5 ⁄ 7 or 1.71 gold marks. The gold-based Bremen thaler was converted directly to the mark at a rate of 1 Thaler gold = 3 + 9 ⁄ 28 or 3.32 marks. The Hamburg mark courant or currency

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1276-547: The end of the Franco-Prussian War , the new currency was launched in 1873 in the form of gold 10-mark and 20-mark coins as well as limited legal-tender silver marks and copper pfennigs. The German Empire 's conversion to the gold standard led to the same being adopted in the rest of Europe and North America, as well as the change in standard in the Latin Monetary Union from bimetallism to solely gold. Despite

1334-498: The "Rikers plant" opposite Rikers Island which was in use for piano production until nowadays . This business was sold after William Steinway died in 1896. In 1890 Hamburg-born Frederick Simms , a consulting engineer and a good personal friend of Gottlieb Daimler returned to the United Kingdom with the Phoenix engine for launches (though expressing thoughts for cars) having obtained from him British (and British Empire) rights to

1392-581: The Berlin Mint.   Banknotes were issued by the Imperial Treasury (known as "Reichskassenschein") and the Reichsbank , as well as by the banks of some of the states. Imperial Treasury notes were issued in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 Mark, whilst Reichsbank notes were produced in denominations of 20, 50, 100 and 1000 Mark. The notes issued after 1914 are referred to as Papiermark . In Unicode,

1450-511: The Daimler patents. In 1893 Simms formed The Daimler Motor Syndicate Limited (DMS) . At the end of 1895 Simms received an offer from a London company promoter called Lawson of, at first, £35,000 to purchase all the Daimler rights. As part of the necessary arrangements, Maybach and Daimler having parted from DMG , Simms arranged to pay the now drifting DMG £17,100 on the condition that DMG took back Gottlieb Daimler. A 'contract of reassociation'

1508-790: The German Empire removed the gold backing in August 1914, and gold coins ceased to circulate. After the fall of the Empire due to the November Revolution of 1918, the mark was succeeded by the Weimar Republic 's mark, derisively referred to as the Papiermark ( lit.   ' Paper mark ' ) due to hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic from 1918 to 1923. The introduction of the German mark in 1873

1566-578: The German market. Panhard & Levassor designed a complete automobile. Levassor mounted an engine (Daimler's) over the front axle, giving better balance and turning. Marketed in October 1891, it featured rear wheel drive by two side chains, pedal clutch, front radiator, and steering by lever. Historians consider that the automobile was "a German invention, while France expanded it commercially" , mainly by publicity from car-racing since in January 1886 Karl Benz

1624-462: The Sultan of Morocco. Commercial vehicles had also been made mainly using a Phoenix engine, but up to 1900, when Daimler died, the bodies had not been standardised. In 1902, the Mercedes car was built, compact and modern, with many improved features, a move which sparked the board's interest in automobile production. Mercedes then became DMG's main car brand name. There were some small exceptions:

1682-426: The automobile. Maybach continued as designer for a while, but quit in 1907 and was replaced by Gottlieb's son, Paul . DMG 's automobile sales took off, particularly with the first Daimler-Mercedes engine designed by Maybach placed into several race cars of 1900 built for Emil Jellinek. That race car was later referred to as the Mercedes 35 hp . Production capacity was extended to Untertürkheim. In 1902, DMG produce

1740-639: The club sponsored the Mil Kilometros de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, inviting cars from the Sports Car Club of America , including one driven by Carroll Shelby . ( key ) (Results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap; † indicates shared drive.) 34°35′S 58°24′W  /  34.583°S 58.400°W  / -34.583; -58.400 Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (abbreviated as DMG , also known as Daimler Motors Corporation)

1798-670: The current owners of Jaguar and Daimler, announced they were considering transforming Daimler into "a super-luxury marque to compete directly with Bentley and Rolls-Royce". An application to register the Daimler name by Jaguar as a trademark in the US was rejected in 2009. Daimler built the engine for the first airship fuelled by petrol in 1888. From 1899 to 1907 DMG provided Maybach designed engines to Zeppelin . Wilhelm Maybach quit DMG in 1909. After 1909 Maybach and his son Karl founded their own enterprise in Württemberg and took over supplying

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1856-580: The early 1950s it was often said "the aristocracy buy Daimlers, the nouveau riche buy Rolls-Royce". In 1960 the business was sold to Jaguar , which soon engaged in badge-engineering and often Jaguar and Daimler cars could only be distinguished by the grille and name badge. In 2005 the only Daimler models being produced were luxury models, such as the Daimler Super Eight . The Daimler name moved with Jaguar into British Leyland , back to an independent Jaguar, and then into Ford. In July 2008 Tata Group,

1914-467: The engines. German gold mark The German mark ( German : Goldmark [ˈɡɔltmaʁk] ; sign : ℳ︁ ) was the currency of the German Empire , which spanned from 1871 to 1918. The mark was paired with the minor unit of the pfennig (₰); 100 pfennigs were equivalent to 1 mark. The mark was on the gold standard from 1871 to 1914, but like most nations during World War I ,

1972-523: The first Mercedes models, led by the 60 , the most famous early model, and officially adopted Mercedes as its automobile trademark; capable of 120 km/h (75 mph), the 60 combined touring and racing capacity, and was the top-status car to own (or for other makers, among them Berliet , Rochet-Schneier , Martini , Ariel , Star and FIAT , to copy; in the U.S., Daimler Manufacturing Company { Long Island City , New York} may have built one under licence in association with Steinway ). In part due to

2030-421: The gold mark was in use, however, was the pound sterling , with the sovereign (£1) being valued at 20.43 gold marks. World War I reparations owed by Germany were stated in gold reserves in 1921, 1929 and 1931; this was the victorious Allies' response to their fear that vanquished Germany might try to pay off the obligation in paper currency. The actual amount of reparations that Germany was obliged to pay out

2088-529: The individual states, using a standard design for the reverses (the Reichsadler , the eagle insignia of the German Empire) with a design specific to the state on the obverse, generally a portrait of the monarch of the kingdom or duchy (and not that of the emperor); while the free cities of Bremen, Hamburg, and Lübeck each used the city's coat of arms. Occasionally commemorative coins were minted, in which cases

2146-639: The land (185,000 square meters) at a low price and also arranged for a railroad extension with its own station and energy from the Neckar's hydro-electric plant which had been built in 1900. DMG had planned to open the facility in 1905 but the total destruction of Cannstatt's factory by fire in 1903 hastened the work and the new Art-Nouveau building, with a jagged-roof , was brought forward to start production in December 1903. The work force continued to grow. On 17 May 1904 Unterturkheim became DMG 's headquarters with

2204-456: The model 60's success, the number of DMG employees went from 821 (1903) to 2,200 (1904). 1906 to 1913 were further expansion years, with the creation of new capacity reducing the number of external suppliers. Increased mechanization took the annual productivity from 0.7 cars per worker, to 10. In 1911, shares of DMG were listed on the Stuttgart stock exchange . On 2 October 1902 DMG opened

2262-547: The obverse and (much more rarely) the reverse designs might depart from the usual pictorial standards. Many of the smaller states issued coins in very small numbers. Also, in general all states' coinage became very limited after the First World War began. Well-preserved examples of such low-mintage coins can be rare and valuable. The Principality of Lippe was the only state not to issue any gold coins in this period. Subsidiary silver coins were minted in .900 fineness to

2320-412: The payment of debt that Germany had acquired in the inter-war period to finance its reparation payments, paying off the principal on those debts by 1980. The interest on those debts was paid off on 3 October 2010, the 20th anniversary of German reunification . Coins of denominations between 1 pfennig and 1 mark were issued in standard designs for the whole empire, whilst those above 1 mark were issued by

2378-553: The private business to a public corporation in 1890. (This agreement is regarded by some historians as a "devil's pact", as the inventors never got along with the new status.) Not really believing in automobile production the financiers expanded the stationary engine business, as they were selling well, and even considered a merger with Otto's Deutz-AG . (During 1882, Gottflieb Daimler had serious personal problems with Nicholas Otto, when Daimler and Maybach worked for Otto.) Daimler and Maybach continued to advocate car manufacturing and as

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2436-471: The production of light commercial vehicles began. At that time they were popularly called business vehicles , and were very successful in the United Kingdom. At the first Paris Motor Show , in 1898, a 5-ton truck was displayed, with a front-mounted engine. In 1894, while working from temporary premises in the unused Hermann Hotel in Cannstatt, Gottlieb Daimler, his son Paul, and Wilhelm Maybach designed

2494-461: The rest of the administration staff moving in on 29 May. In 1913, an additional 220,000 square meters were acquired and between 1915 and 1918 it was extended further. By the 1920s, Untertürkheim had almost all the production processes on one site from foundries to final car assembly. In 1925 the DMG design department also moved in. On the night of 10 June 1903 the original Seelberg-Cannstatt plant suffered

2552-412: The same stationary engine technology. DMG thus grew out of an extension of the independent businesses of Daimler and Maybach, who would revolutionize the world with their inventions for the automobile of a four-stroke petrol engine , carburetor , and so on. They would manufacture small internal combustion engines suitable for use on land, sea, and in the air (the basis for a symbol Daimler devised of

2610-513: The sole concessionaire in Austria-Hungary, France, Belgium, and the US, using the name Daimler-Mercedes for the engine, and also become a member of the Board of Management. In June 1902, after DMG realized that they had already conceded their Daimler trademark to Panhard & Levassor for the whole of France, they decided to name all their cars Mercedes after the engine and began to produce

2668-534: The success of a small number of race cars built on contract by Wilhelm Maybach for Emil Jellinek , it began to produce the Mercedes model of 1902. After this automobile production expanded to become DMG's main product, and it built several models. Because of the post World War One German economic crisis, in 1926 DMG merged with Benz & Cie. , becoming Daimler-Benz and adopting Mercedes-Benz as its automobile trademark. A further merger occurred in 1998 with Chrysler Corporation to become DaimlerChrysler. The name

2726-475: The switch-over to the gold standard . This ended with the demonetization of the Vereinsthaler in 1908 and the introduction of the new subsidiary 3-mark coins. The 5-mark coin, however, was significantly closer in value to older thalers (and other such crown-sized coins). Gold coins were minted in .900 fineness to a standard of 2,790 mark = 1 kilogram of gold (a mark was therefore about 0.3584 g of gold;

2784-476: The war, limited by the Versailles Treaty , it produced only automobile bodies. The production of motorboats by Daimler and Maybach began early, in 1886, with the Neckar (4.5 meters long with a speed of 11 km/h (6 knots)), the first in the world, and tested on the local Neckar river. That boat became DMG's first commercial hit, helped by the poor state of Germany's roads. Once the public corporation

2842-645: Was a German engineering company and later automobile manufacturer , in operation from 1890 until 1926. Founded by Gottlieb Daimler (1834–1900) and Wilhelm Maybach (1846–1929), it was based first in Cannstatt (today Bad Cannstatt, a city district of Stuttgart ). Daimler died in 1900, and their business moved in 1903 to Stuttgart- Untertürkheim after the original factory was destroyed by fire, and again to Berlin in 1922. Other factories were located in Marienfelde (near Berlin) and Sindelfingen (next to Stuttgart ). The enterprise began to produce petrol engines but after

2900-484: Was changed again to just Daimler AG in 2007 when Chrysler was sold. Most recently in 2022, the name was changed once more to the Mercedes-Benz Group . By 1882 both Daimler and Maybach had left Nikolaus Otto 's Deutz AG Gasmotorenfabrik . In 1890 they founded their own engine business, Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft ( DMG ). Its purpose was the construction of small, high speed engines they had developed based on

2958-542: Was converted at 1 mark = 1.2 Imperial marks, and the Hamburg mark banco of the Bank of Hamburg was converted at 1 mark banco = 1.5 Imperial marks. From 1 January 1876 onwards, the mark and vereinsthaler became the only legal tenders . Before 1914, the mark was on a gold standard with 2790 marks equal to 1 kilogram of pure gold (1 mark = 358 mg). The term Goldmark was created later to retrospectively distinguish it from

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3016-486: Was derived from an engine Maybach built to the specifications of Jellinek in 1900 that could achieve 35 hp (26 kW). Jellinek had stipulated that the engine be called Daimler-Mercedes and when it was successful, he stipulated a new model in an edition of vehicles that he would market and use personally. Later this was referred to as the Mercedes 35 hp (26 kW) model. It was never marketed by DMG until its success

3074-633: Was formed, motorboat production became one of the new financiers' main interests and lead in 1902 to the building of the Berlin-Marienfelde factory specifically for their manufacture. Daimler had sold automobile-engine licences all over the world including to France, Austria, the UK, and the United States through an agreement with the piano-maker Steinway , in New York. The first DMG automobile sale took place in August 1892 (its registration still survives) to

3132-581: Was granted the first patent for an automobile he designed and built in 1885. In 1888, Gottlieb Daimler established a cooperation with the German-born piano maker William Steinway in Astoria, Queens, later New York City, to build stationary and marine engines for gas and petroleum, and later on, in 1892, also to build cars as full copies of the German design. The engines and cars were produced in Steinway's premises at

3190-671: Was not the 132 billion marks cited in the London Schedule of 1921 but rather the 50 billion marks stipulated in the A and B Bonds. The actual total payout from 1920 to 1931 (when payments were suspended indefinitely) was 20 billion German gold marks, worth about US$ 5 billion or £1 billion . Most of that money came from loans from New York bankers. Following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, payments of reparations were officially abandoned. West Germany after World War II did not resume payment of reparations as such, but did resume

3248-412: Was seen to be substantial. Jellinek competed as a driver, painting "Mercedes" (Spanish for godsend ), on the automobiles he raced after his 10-year-old daughter. Jellinek's pursuit of higher speed brought him to Stuttgart personally, to Wilhelm Maybach 's office where he also met with Paul Daimler , son of Gottlieb. Together they designed a new kind of automobile that would be "larger, wider, and with

3306-599: Was signed on 1 November 1895. The result was the divided Daimler-Maybach and DMG businesses then merged and were rejuvenated. In early 1896, having agreed with Daimler Motor Syndicate it would buy the Daimler rights, Lawson floated The Daimler Motor Company Limited (DMC) in London (with Gottlieb Daimler a director), the factory to be in a disused cotton mill in Coventry . Simms became a director of DMG (Cannstatt) but not DMC (London). In 1910 Daimler Motor Company while retaining

3364-821: Was the culmination of decades-long efforts to unify the various currencies used by the German Confederation . The Zollverein unified in 1838 the Prussian and South German currencies at a fixed rate of 1 Prussian thaler = 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 South German gulden = 16.704 g fine silver. A larger currency convention in 1857 replaced the Prussian thaler with the Vereinsthaler of 16 + 2 ⁄ 3 g fine silver, equivalent to 1 North German thaler , 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 Austro-Hungarian florins , or 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 South German gulden . Unification to this system proceeded further due to German Unification in 1871 as well as monetary conventions from 1865 to 1870 expressing

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