113-16875: Badminton competition The Austrian International or Austrian Open in badminton is an international open held in Austria since 1965. In the initial years they took place later annually every two years, but since 1973 it has been held annually. Previous winners [ edit ] Year Men's singles Women's singles Men's doubles Women's doubles Mixed doubles 1965 [REDACTED] Franz Beinvogl [REDACTED] Heidi Menacher [REDACTED] Roger Mills [REDACTED] Mike Rawlings [REDACTED] Heidi Menacher [REDACTED] Edeltraud Hefter [REDACTED] Rupert Liebl [REDACTED] Heidi Menacher 1967 [REDACTED] Tom Bacher [REDACTED] Ruth Preuß [REDACTED] Franz Beinvogl [REDACTED] Siegfried Betz [REDACTED] Brigitte Hlinka [REDACTED] Lore Voit [REDACTED] Siegfried Betz [REDACTED] Anke Witten 1969 [REDACTED] Siegfried Betz [REDACTED] Lucka Krizman [REDACTED] Tom Bacher [REDACTED] Poul Petersen [REDACTED] Anne Berglund [REDACTED] Bente Jeppensen [REDACTED] Tom Bacher [REDACTED] Bente Jeppensen 1971 [REDACTED] Hermann Fröhlich [REDACTED] Monika Thiere [REDACTED] Franz Beinvogl [REDACTED] Siegfried Betz [REDACTED] Ingrid Wieltschnig [REDACTED] Elisabeth Wieltschnig [REDACTED] Siegfried Betz [REDACTED] Anke Betz 1973 [REDACTED] Poul Petersen [REDACTED] Alena Poboraková [REDACTED] Tom Bacher [REDACTED] Poul Petersen [REDACTED] Britta Kirchhofer [REDACTED] Elisabeth Wieltschnig [REDACTED] Hermann Fröhlich [REDACTED] Lore König 1974 [REDACTED] Gregor Berden [REDACTED] Vita Bohinc [REDACTED] Gregor Berden [REDACTED] Stane Koprivsek [REDACTED] Vita Bohinc [REDACTED] Lucka Krizman 1975 [REDACTED] Alena Poboraková [REDACTED] Franz Beinvogl [REDACTED] Siegfried Betz [REDACTED] Anke Betz [REDACTED] K. Kistler 1976 [REDACTED] Reinhold Pum [REDACTED] Gregor Berden [REDACTED] Stane Koprivsek [REDACTED] Anke Betz [REDACTED] Christa Feser [REDACTED] Reinhold Pum [REDACTED] Lore König 1977 [REDACTED] Hermann Fröhlich [REDACTED] Tatjana Pravdová [REDACTED] Franz Beinvogl [REDACTED] Franz Swoboda [REDACTED] Jutta Vogel [REDACTED] Elke Weber [REDACTED] Konstantin Holobradý [REDACTED] Tatjana Pravdová 1978 No competition 1979 [REDACTED] Ulrich Rost [REDACTED] Hanke de Kort [REDACTED] Ulrich Rost [REDACTED] Bernd Wessels [REDACTED] Hanke de Kort [REDACTED] Karin Duyvestijn [REDACTED] Bernd Wessels [REDACTED] Ingrid Morsch 1980 [REDACTED] Helmut Streit [REDACTED] Gudrun Ziebold [REDACTED] Harald Klauer [REDACTED] Hans Werner Niesner [REDACTED] Bozena Wojtkowska [REDACTED] Maria Bahryj [REDACTED] Ernst Stingl [REDACTED] Renate Dietrich 1981 [REDACTED] Chen Changjie [REDACTED] Chen Ruizhen [REDACTED] Viktor Samarin [REDACTED] Leonid Paikin [REDACTED] Bozena Wojtkowska [REDACTED] Ewa Rusznica [REDACTED] Chen Changjie [REDACTED] Chen Ruizhen 1982 [REDACTED] Harald Klauer [REDACTED] Angela Nelson [REDACTED] Ivan Kristanto [REDACTED] Frank van Dongen [REDACTED] Alla Prodan [REDACTED] Nadezhda Litvintscheva [REDACTED] Viktor Shvatschko [REDACTED] Nadezhda Litvintscheva 1983 [REDACTED] Syed Modi [REDACTED] Sherry Liu [REDACTED] Partho Ganguli [REDACTED] Leroy D'Sa [REDACTED] Linda Cloutier [REDACTED] Denyse Julien [REDACTED] Grame Robson [REDACTED] Toni Wittaker 1984 [REDACTED] Lena Staxler [REDACTED] Vitaliy Shmakov [REDACTED] Vyacheslav Shukin [REDACTED] Heidemarie Krickhaus [REDACTED] Cathrin Hoppe [REDACTED] Vitaliy Shmakov [REDACTED] Ljubov Fedotova 1985 No competition 1986 [REDACTED] Kim Brodersen [REDACTED] Diana Koleva [REDACTED] Claus Thomsen [REDACTED] Henrik Svarrer [REDACTED] Paula Kloet [REDACTED] Nataliya Zhavoronkova [REDACTED] Andrey Antropov [REDACTED] Irina Rozhkova 1987 [REDACTED] Ib Frederiksen [REDACTED] Astrid van der Knaap [REDACTED] Pierre Pelupessy [REDACTED] Alex Meijer [REDACTED] Monique Hoogland [REDACTED] Erica van Dijck [REDACTED] Alex Meijer [REDACTED] Erica van Dijck 1988 [REDACTED] Claus Thomsen [REDACTED] Bozena Siemieniec [REDACTED] Stephan Kuhl [REDACTED] Robert Neumann [REDACTED] Bozena Haracz [REDACTED] Bozena Siemieniec [REDACTED] Jerzy Dolhan [REDACTED] Bozena Haracz 1989 [REDACTED] Andrey Antropov [REDACTED] Elena Rybkina [REDACTED] Ralf Rausch [REDACTED] Volker Eiber [REDACTED] Charlote Madsen [REDACTED] Anne Mette Bille [REDACTED] Andrey Antropov [REDACTED] Elena Rybkina 1990 [REDACTED] David Wright [REDACTED] Nick Ponting [REDACTED] Elena Rybkina [REDACTED] Vlada Cherniavskaya [REDACTED] Christian Jacobsen [REDACTED] Marlene Thomsen 1991 [REDACTED] Rikkard Magnussen [REDACTED] Michael Keck [REDACTED] Robert Neumann [REDACTED] Jerzy Dolhan [REDACTED] Bozena Haracz 1992 [REDACTED] Andrey Antropov [REDACTED] Jo Muggeridge [REDACTED] Andy Goode [REDACTED] Chris Hunt [REDACTED] Natalia Ivanova [REDACTED] Julia Martynenko [REDACTED] Simon Archer [REDACTED] Maria Rasmussen 1993 [REDACTED] Chris Bruil [REDACTED] Irina Serova [REDACTED] Simon Archer [REDACTED] Nick Ponting [REDACTED] Anne Sondergaard [REDACTED] Lotte Thomsen [REDACTED] Nick Ponting [REDACTED] Joanne Wright 1994 [REDACTED] Rickard Magnusson [REDACTED] Margit Borg [REDACTED] Andrey Antropov [REDACTED] Nikolai Zuyev [REDACTED] Shyu Yu-Ling [REDACTED] Lee Ming-Hwa [REDACTED] Nikolai Zuyev [REDACTED] Nadezhda Chervyakova 1995 [REDACTED] Henrik Bengtsson [REDACTED] Shyu Yuh-Ling [REDACTED] Janek Roos [REDACTED] Allan Borch [REDACTED] Chen Li-Chin [REDACTED] Tsai Hui-Min [REDACTED] Björn Siegemund [REDACTED] Katrin Schmidt 1996 [REDACTED] Kenneth Jonassen [REDACTED] Mette Pedersen [REDACTED] Jesper Larsen [REDACTED] Peder Nissen [REDACTED] Majken Vange [REDACTED] Pernille Harder [REDACTED] Vladislav Druzchenko [REDACTED] Viktoria Evtushenko 1997 [REDACTED] Chris Bruil [REDACTED] Judith Meulendijks [REDACTED] Anthony Clark [REDACTED] Ian Pearson [REDACTED] Karen Stechmann [REDACTED] Nicol Pitro [REDACTED] Michael Keck [REDACTED] Karen Stechmann 1998 [REDACTED] Jürgen Koch [REDACTED] Carolien Glebbeek [REDACTED] Craig Robertson [REDACTED] Alastair Gatt [REDACTED] Elinor Middlemiss [REDACTED] Sandra Watt [REDACTED] Kenny Middlemiss [REDACTED] Elinor Middlemiss 1999 [REDACTED] Niels Christian Kaldau [REDACTED] Ella Karachkova [REDACTED] Svetoslav Stoyanov [REDACTED] Mihail Popov [REDACTED] Kirsteen McEwan [REDACTED] Sandra Watt [REDACTED] Kenny Middlemiss [REDACTED] Kirsteen McEwan 2000 [REDACTED] Kasper Ødum [REDACTED] Marina Yakusheva [REDACTED] Joachim Fischer Nielsen [REDACTED] Janek Roos [REDACTED] Rebecca Pantaney [REDACTED] Joanne Wright [REDACTED] Ola Molin [REDACTED] Johanna Persson 2001 [REDACTED] Kenneth Jonassen [REDACTED] Tracey Hallam [REDACTED] Michał Łogosz [REDACTED] Robert Mateusiak [REDACTED] Ella Karachkova [REDACTED] Anastasia Russkikh [REDACTED] Mathias Boe [REDACTED] Britta Andersen 2002 [REDACTED] Ilkka Nyquist [REDACTED] Sara Persson [REDACTED] James Anderson [REDACTED] Robert Blair [REDACTED] Helle Nielsen [REDACTED] Lene Mørk [REDACTED] Dennis Lens [REDACTED] Johanna Persson 2003 [REDACTED] Przemysław Wacha [REDACTED] Xu Huaiwen [REDACTED] Michał Łogosz [REDACTED] Robert Mateusiak [REDACTED] Ekaterina Ananina [REDACTED] Irina Ruslajkova [REDACTED] Simon Archer [REDACTED] Donna Kellogg 2004 [REDACTED] Cheng Shao-chieh [REDACTED] Lee Sung-Yuan [REDACTED] Lin Wei-Hsiang [REDACTED] Petya Nedelcheva [REDACTED] Neli Boteva [REDACTED] Jesper Thomsen [REDACTED] Britta Andersen 2005 No competition 2006 [REDACTED] Joachim Persson [REDACTED] Juliane Schenk [REDACTED] Jürgen Koch [REDACTED] Peter Zauner [REDACTED] Cynthia Tuwankotta [REDACTED] Atu Rosalina [REDACTED] Ingo Kindervater [REDACTED] Kathrin Piotrowski 2007 [REDACTED] Lü Yi [REDACTED] Zhu Jingjing [REDACTED] Guo Zhendong [REDACTED] He Hanbin [REDACTED] Cheng Shu [REDACTED] Zhao Yunlei [REDACTED] Vitali Durkin [REDACTED] Valeria Sorokina 2008 [REDACTED] Anand Pawar [REDACTED] Zhang Xi [REDACTED] Fran Kurniawan [REDACTED] Rendra Wijaya [REDACTED] Cai Jiani [REDACTED] Yu Qi [REDACTED] Zhang Yi [REDACTED] Cai Jiani 2009 [REDACTED] Kazuteru Kozai [REDACTED] Juliane Schenk [REDACTED] Naoki Kawamae [REDACTED] Shoji Sato [REDACTED] Shizuka Matsuo [REDACTED] Mami Naito [REDACTED] Robert Adcock [REDACTED] Heather Olver 2010 [REDACTED] Andre Kurniawan Tedjono [REDACTED] Fransisca Ratnasari [REDACTED] Viki Indra Okvana [REDACTED] Ardiansyah Putra [REDACTED] Rie Eto [REDACTED] Yu Wakita [REDACTED] Valeriy Atrashchenkov [REDACTED] Elena Prus 2011 [REDACTED] Hsu Jen-hao [REDACTED] Nozomi Okuhara [REDACTED] Anthony Clark [REDACTED] Chris Langridge [REDACTED] Yuriko Miki [REDACTED] Koharu Yonemoto [REDACTED] Wong Wai Hong [REDACTED] Chau Hoi Wah 2012 [REDACTED] Przemysław Wacha [REDACTED] Sayaka Takahashi [REDACTED] Rupesh Kumar K. T. [REDACTED] Sanave Thomas [REDACTED] Ng Hui Ern [REDACTED] Ng Hui Lin 2013 [REDACTED] Kento Momota [REDACTED] Yui Hashimoto [REDACTED] Hiroyuki Saeki [REDACTED] Ryota Taohata [REDACTED] Misato Aratama [REDACTED] Megumi Taruno [REDACTED] Chan Yun Lung [REDACTED] Tse Ying Suet 2014 [REDACTED] Sourabh Varma [REDACTED] Pai Hsiao-ma [REDACTED] Chen Hung-ling [REDACTED] Lu Chia-bin [REDACTED] Gabriela Stoeva [REDACTED] Stefani Stoeva [REDACTED] Robert Mateusiak [REDACTED] Agnieszka Wojtkowska 2015 [REDACTED] Ng Ka Long [REDACTED] Cheung Ngan Yi [REDACTED] Fajar Alfian [REDACTED] Muhammad Rian Ardianto [REDACTED] Suci Rizky Andini [REDACTED] Maretha Dea Giovani [REDACTED] Edi Subaktiar [REDACTED] Gloria Emanuelle Widjaja 2016 [REDACTED] Anders Antonsen [REDACTED] Xu Wei [REDACTED] Marcus Ellis [REDACTED] Chris Langridge [REDACTED] Ekaterina Bolotova [REDACTED] Evgeniya Kosetskaya [REDACTED] Mathias Christiansen [REDACTED] Lena Grebak 2017 [REDACTED] Kanta Tsuneyama [REDACTED] Kirsty Gilmour [REDACTED] Takuto Inoue [REDACTED] Yuki Kaneko [REDACTED] Rira Kawashima [REDACTED] Saori Ozaki [REDACTED] Mikkel Mikkelsen [REDACTED] Mai Surrow 2018 [REDACTED] Parupalli Kashyap [REDACTED] Anna Thea Madsen [REDACTED] Lu Chen [REDACTED] Ye Hong-wei [REDACTED] Chisato Hoshi [REDACTED] Kie Nakanishi [REDACTED] Evgenij Dremin [REDACTED] Evgenia Dimova 2019 [REDACTED] Mark Caljouw [REDACTED] Wang Zhiyi [REDACTED] Guo Xinwa [REDACTED] Liu Shiwen [REDACTED] Liu Xuanxuan [REDACTED] Xia Yuting [REDACTED] Robin Tabeling [REDACTED] Selena Piek 2020 [REDACTED] Max Weißkirchen [REDACTED] Yukino Nakai [REDACTED] Alexander Dunn [REDACTED] Adam Hall [REDACTED] Tsukiko Yasaki [REDACTED] Erika Yokoyama [REDACTED] Jeppe Bay [REDACTED] Sara Lundgaard 2021 Cancelled 2021 [REDACTED] Panji Ahmad Maulana [REDACTED] Clara Azurmendi [REDACTED] Junaidi Arif [REDACTED] Muhammad Haikal [REDACTED] Ni Ketut Mahadewi Istarani [REDACTED] Serena Kani [REDACTED] Choong Hon Jian [REDACTED] Toh Ee Wei 2022 [REDACTED] Yeoh Seng Zoe [REDACTED] Hsu Wen-chi [REDACTED] Lin Yu-chieh [REDACTED] Su Li-wei [REDACTED] Lee Chia-hsin [REDACTED] Teng Chun-hsun [REDACTED] Ye Hong-wei [REDACTED] Lee Chia-hsin 2023 [REDACTED] Julien Carraggi [REDACTED] Wang Yu-si [REDACTED] Low Hang Yee [REDACTED] Ng Eng Cheong [REDACTED] Liu Chiao-yun [REDACTED] Wang Yu-qiao [REDACTED] Ethan van Leeuwen [REDACTED] Annie Lado 2024 [REDACTED] Prahdiska Bagas Shujiwo [REDACTED] Deswanti Hujansih Nurtertiati [REDACTED] Daniel Edgar Marvino [REDACTED] Christopher David Wijaya [REDACTED] Arlya Nabila Thesa Munggaran [REDACTED] Az Zahra Ditya Ramadhani [REDACTED] Marwan Faza [REDACTED] Felisha Pasaribu ^ This tournament, originally to be played from 24–27 February,
226-415: A round-the-head forehand overhead (a forehand "on the backhand side") rather than attempt a backhand overhead. Playing a backhand overhead has two main disadvantages. First, the player must turn their back to their opponents, restricting their view of them and the court. Second, backhand overheads cannot be hit with as much power as forehands: the hitting action is limited by the shoulder joint, which permits
339-563: A London toy dealer named Isaac Spratt published a booklet entitled Badminton Battledore – A New Game , but no copy is known to have survived. An 1863 article in The Cornhill Magazine describes badminton as "battledore and shuttlecock played with sides, across a string suspended some five feet from the ground". The game originally developed in India among the British expatriates, where it
452-404: A badminton serve the whole shuttle must be below 1.15 metres from the surface of the court at the instant of being hit by the server's racket, the shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce and in badminton, the players stand inside their service courts, unlike tennis. When the serving side loses a rally, the server immediately passes to their opponent(s) (this differs from the old system where sometimes
565-423: A decade of Allied occupation , the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955. Austria is a federal parliamentary republic and representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Austria has the 13th highest nominal GDP per capita with high standards of living. The country has been
678-445: A direction parallel to the sidelines. 4.4.2 : A shuttlecock of the correct speed will land not less than 530 mm and not more than 990 mm short of the other back boundary line. Badminton shoes are lightweight with soles of rubber or similar high-grip, non-marking materials. Compared to running shoes, badminton shoes have little lateral support . High levels of lateral support are useful for activities where lateral motion
791-415: A full-length, high clear is difficult. When the shuttlecock is well below net height , players have no choice but to hit upwards. Lifts , where the shuttlecock is hit upwards to the back of the opponents' court, can be played from all parts of the court. If a player does not lift, their only remaining option is to push the shuttlecock softly back to the net: in the forecourt, this is called a net shot ; in
904-585: A let. If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a let shall be called; yet, if the receiver attempts to return the shuttlecock, the receiver shall be judged to have been ready. Badminton rules restrict the design and size of racquets and shuttlecocks. Badminton racquets are lightweight, with top quality racquets weighing between 70 and 95 grams (2.5 and 3.4 ounces) not including grip or strings. They are composed of many different materials ranging from carbon fibre composite ( graphite reinforced plastic ) to solid steel, which may be augmented by
1017-803: A member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and is a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Interpol . It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted
1130-421: A much greater range of movement for a forehand overhead than for a backhand. The backhand clear is considered by most players and coaches to be the most difficult basic stroke in the game, since the precise technique is needed in order to muster enough power for the shuttlecock to travel the full length of the court. For the same reason, backhand smashes tend to be weak. The choice of stroke depends on how near
1243-420: A plastic skirt. According to Kathmandu Post the feathers used to make shuttlecocks are plucked from living birds, which causes pain to the birds. Badminton rules also provide for testing a shuttlecock for the correct speed: 4.4.1 : To test a shuttlecock, hit a full underhand stroke that makes contact with the shuttlecock over the back boundary line. The shuttlecock shall be hit at an upward angle and in
SECTION 10
#17328814038561356-417: A player to find a good string tension is to experiment. The choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of their racquet handle and choose a comfortable surface to hold. A player may build up the handle with one or several grips before applying the final layer. Players may choose between a variety of grip materials. The most common choices are PU synthetic grips or towelling grips. Grip choice
1469-559: A problem with their national identity and prompted the Social Democratic Leader Otto Bauer to state that it was "the conflict between our Austrian and German character". The Austro-Hungarian Empire caused ethnic tension between the German Austrians and the other ethnic groups. Many Austrians, especially those involved with the pan-German movements, desired a reinforcement of an ethnic German identity and hoped that
1582-413: A rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the other team's half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or ground, or if a fault has been called by the umpire , service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side. The shuttlecock
1695-701: A referendum which confirmed the union with Germany in April 1938. Parliamentary elections were held in Germany (including recently annexed Austria) on 10 April 1938. They were the final elections to the Reichstag during Nazi rule, and they took the form of a single-question referendum asking whether voters approved of a single Nazi-party list for the 813-member Reichstag, as well as the recent annexation of Austria (the Anschluss ). Jews, Roma and Sinti were not allowed to vote. Turnout in
1808-513: A result, ruling Austria-Hungary became increasingly difficult in an age of emerging nationalist movements, requiring considerable reliance on an expanded secret police. Yet, the government of Austria tried its best to be accommodating in some respects: for example, the Reichsgesetzblatt , publishing the laws and ordinances of Cisleithania , was issued in eight languages; and all national groups were entitled to schools in their own language and to
1921-424: A short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres (6 feet 6 inches) from the net, and by the outer side and back boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 metres (2 feet 6 inches) from the back boundary. The net is 1.55 metres (5 feet 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5.00 feet) high in the centre. The net posts are placed over
2034-447: A third game, they change ends both at the start of the game and when the leading player's or pair's score reaches 11 points. If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score. Lets may occur because of some unexpected disturbance such as a shuttlecock landing on a court (having been hit there by players playing in adjacent court) or in small halls the shuttle may touch an overhead rail which can be classed as
2147-590: A variety of materials. Carbon fibre has an excellent strength to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer. Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite, racquets were made of light metals such as aluminium. Earlier still, racquets were made of wood. Cheap racquets are still often made of metals such as steel, but wooden racquets are no longer manufactured for the ordinary market, because of their excessive mass and cost. Nowadays, nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and fullerenes are added to racquets giving them greater durability. There
2260-653: A vehement opponent of the Nazis, the last Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, an honorary citizen of hundreds of places in Austria and partly envisaged by Schuschnigg as a monarchical option, was in Belgium at the time. He spoke out against the Anschluss and was then wanted by the Nazi regime and his property would have been expropriated and he would have been shot immediately if he were caught. In 1938,
2373-404: A very thin sole, lower a person's centre of gravity, and therefore result in fewer injuries. The Badminton World Federation and Octagon developed a rule that women badminton players must wear dresses or skirts "to ensure attractive presentation", but although it was included in the official rulebook in 2011, it was dropped before it was supposed to go into effect in 2012. Badminton offers
SECTION 20
#17328814038562486-421: A wide variety of basic strokes, and players require a high level of skill to perform all of them effectively. All strokes can be played either forehand or backhand . A player's forehand side is the same side as their playing hand: for a right-handed player, the forehand side is their right side and the backhand side is their left side. Forehand strokes are hit with the front of the hand leading (like hitting with
2599-560: A year, henceforth every emperor of the Holy Roman Empire was a Habsburg, with only one exception. The Habsburgs began also to accumulate territory far from the hereditary lands. In 1477, Archduke Maximilian , only son of Emperor Frederick III , married the heiress Maria of Burgundy , thus acquiring most of the Netherlands for the family. In 1496, his son Philip the Fair married Joanna
2712-580: Is a Latinisation of the German name and was first recorded in the 12th century. At the time, the Danube basin of Austria ( Upper and Lower Austria ) was the easternmost extent of Bavaria. The area that is now Austria was settled in pre-Roman times by various Celtic tribes, having been the core of the Hallstatt culture by the 6th century BC . The city of Hallstatt , in fact, has the oldest archaeological evidence of
2825-412: Is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile that flies differently from the balls used in many other sports. In particular, the feathers create much higher drag , causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports. The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature, and in certain languages
2938-402: Is a matter of personal preference. Players often find that sweat becomes a problem; in this case, a drying agent may be applied to the grip or hands, sweatbands may be used, the player may choose another grip material or change their grip more frequently. There are two main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips . Replacement grips are thicker and are often used to increase the size of
3051-404: Is a tie at 29–29, in which the game goes to a golden point of 30. Whoever scores this point wins the game. At the start of a match, the shuttlecock is cast and the side towards which the shuttlecock is pointing serves first. Alternatively, a coin may be tossed, with the winners choosing whether to serve or receive first, or choosing which end of the court to occupy first, and their opponents making
3164-477: Is a wide variety of racquet designs, although the laws limit the racquet size and shape. Different racquets have playing characteristics that appeal to different players. The traditional oval head shape is still available, but an isometric head shape is increasingly common in new racquets. Badminton strings for racquets are thin, high-performing strings with thicknesses ranging from about 0.62 to 0.73 mm. Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer
3277-420: Is actually 0.7mm but Yonex BG-66 is about 0.72mm. It is often argued that high string tensions improve control, whereas low string tensions increase power. The arguments for this generally rely on crude mechanical reasoning, such as claiming that a lower tension string bed is more bouncy and therefore provides more power. This is, in fact, incorrect, for a higher string tension can cause the shuttle to slide off
3390-480: Is an integral part of the German reich" (Article 2). The Treaty of Saint Germain and the Treaty of Versailles explicitly forbade union between Austria and Germany. The treaties also forced German-Austria to rename itself as "Republic of Austria" which consequently led to the first Austrian Republic . Over three million German-speaking Austrians found themselves living outside the new Austrian Republic as minorities in
3503-422: Is different from Wikidata Badminton Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net . Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach ; formal games are played on
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3616-541: Is now Austria's National Day , a public holiday. The status of Tyrol was a lingering problem between Austria and Italy . To this day, there are 20 different squares in Austrian cities called "Südtiroler Platz" (South Tyrolean Square) in memory of the supposed loss of the Austrian territories. Terrorist acts by the South Tyrolean independence movement have been documented in the 1950s and 1960s. A great degree of autonomy
3729-538: Is the capital, Vienna , the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The landlocked country occupies an area of 83,879 km (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of around 9 million. The area of today's Austria has been inhabited since at least
3842-496: Is undesirable and unexpected. Badminton, however, requires powerful lateral movements. A highly built-up lateral support will not be able to protect the foot in badminton; instead, it will encourage catastrophic collapse at the point where the shoe's support fails, and the player's ankles are not ready for the sudden loading, which can cause sprains. For this reason, players should choose badminton shoes rather than general trainers or running shoes, because proper badminton shoes will have
3955-422: Is why it is best to drop the shuttlecock just over the net in this situation. In the midcourt , a high shuttlecock will usually be met with a powerful smash , also hitting downwards and hoping for an outright winner or a weak reply. Athletic jump smashes , where players jump upwards for a steeper smash angle, are a common and spectacular element of elite men's doubles play. In the rearcourt , players strive to hit
4068-594: The Austrofascists imposed a new constitution ("Maiverfassung") which cemented Dollfuss's power, but on 25 July he was assassinated in an Austrian Nazi coup attempt . His successor Kurt Schuschnigg acknowledged the fact that Austria was a "German state" and he also believed that Austrians were "better Germans" but he wished that Austria would remain independent. He announced a referendum on 9 March 1938, to be held on 13 March, concerning Austria's independence from Germany. On 12 March 1938, Austrian Nazis took over
4181-553: The Badminton World Federation . India joined as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now governs international badminton. Although initiated in England, competitive men's badminton has traditionally been dominated in Europe by Denmark. Worldwide, Asian nations have become dominant in international competition. China , Denmark , Indonesia , Malaysia , India , South Korea , Taiwan (playing as ' Chinese Taipei ') and Japan are
4294-924: The Battle of Königgrätz , Austria had to leave the German Confederation and no longer took part in German politics. After the defeated Hungarian Revolution of 1848 , the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 , the Ausgleich , provided for a dual sovereignty, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary , under Franz Joseph I . The Austrian-Hungarian rule of this diverse empire included various groups, including Germans , Hungarians , Croats, Czechs, Poles , Rusyns , Serbs, Slovaks, Slovenes, and Ukrainians, as well as large Italian and Romanian communities. As
4407-727: The Empire of Austria was founded. From 1792 to 1801, the Austrians had suffered 754,700 casualties. In 1814, Austria was part of the Allied forces that invaded France and brought to an end the Napoleonic Wars . It emerged from the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as one of the continent's four dominant powers and a recognised great power . The same year, the German Confederation ( Deutscher Bund )
4520-516: The Federal Constitutional Law of 1920, which had been terminated by dictator Dollfuss on 1 May 1934, was declared valid again. The total number of Austrian military deaths from 1939 to 1945 was 260,000. The total number of Jewish Austrian Holocaust victims was 65,000. About 140,000 Jewish Austrians had fled from the country in 1938–39. Thousands of Austrians had taken part in serious Nazi crimes (hundreds of thousands of people died in
4633-467: The Franks , conquered the area in 788, encouraged colonisation, and introduced Christianity. As part of Eastern Francia , the core areas that now encompass Austria were bequeathed to the house of Babenberg . The area was known as the marchia Orientalis and was given to Leopold of Babenberg in 976. The first record showing the name Austria is from 996, where it is written as Ostarrîchi , referring to
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4746-615: The German Empire of 1848 , the crown of the newly formed empire was offered to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV . In 1864, Austria and Prussia fought together against Denmark and secured the independence from Denmark of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein . As they could not agree on how the two duchies should be administered, though, they fought the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. Defeated by Prussia in
4859-659: The House of Habsburg . Charles VI was willing to offer concrete advantages in territory and authority in exchange for recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 . Therefore, his daughter Maria Theresa was recognized as his heir. With the rise of Prussia , the Austria–Prussia rivalry began in Germany. Austria participated, together with Prussia and Russia, in the first and the third of the three Partitions of Poland in 1772 and 1795 respectively. From that time, Austria became
4972-543: The Long War of 1593 to 1606. The Turks made incursions into Styria nearly 20 times, of which some are cited as "burning, pillaging, and taking thousands of slaves". In late September 1529, Suleiman the Magnificent launched the first siege of Vienna , which unsuccessfully ended, according to Ottoman historians, with the snowfalls of an early beginning winter. During the long reign of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor following
5085-800: The Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp alone), a fact which was officially acknowledged by Chancellor Franz Vranitzky in 1992. Allied-occupied Austria was after World War II divided into military occupation zones. Austria was governed by the Allied Commission for Austria . As stipulated in the Moscow Declaration of 1943 a subtle difference was seen in the treatment of Austria by the Allies. The Austrian government, consisting of Social Democrats, Conservatives, and Communists resided in Vienna , which
5198-672: The Paleolithic period . Around 400 BC, it was inhabited by the Celts and then annexed by the Romans in the late 1st century BC. Christianization in the region began in the 4th and 5th centuries, during the late Roman period , followed by the arrival of numerous Germanic tribes during the Migration Period . Austria, as a unified state, emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at
5311-523: The United States . The following information is a simplified summary of badminton rules based on the BWF Statutes publication, Laws of Badminton . The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually marked for both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court to be marked for singles only. The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are of
5424-515: The dissolution of the empire two years later, in 1804, Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and one of the largest states in Europe. The empire's defeat in wars and the loss of territories in the 1860s paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary in 1867. After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia , which ultimately escalated into World War I . The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to
5537-522: The euro currency in 1999. The native name for Austria, Österreich , derives from the Old High German Ostarrîchi , which meant "eastern realm" and which first appeared in the "Ostarrîchi document" of 996. This word is probably a translation of Medieval Latin Marchia orientalis into a local (Bavarian) dialect. Austria was a prefecture of Bavaria created in 976. The word "Austria"
5650-695: The Americans, planned for the supposed "Alpine Fortress Operation" of a national redoubt, that was largely to have taken place on Austrian soil in the mountains of the Eastern Alps . However, it never materialised because of the rapid collapse of the Reich. Karl Renner and Adolf Schärf (Socialist Party of Austria [Social Democrats and Revolutionary Socialists]), Leopold Kunschak (Austria's People's Party [former Christian Social People's Party]), and Johann Koplenig (Communist Party of Austria) declared Austria's secession from
5763-609: The Celts in Europe. The Celtic Kingdom of Noricum that included most of modern Austria and parts of modern Slovenia was conquered by the Roman Empire in 16 BC and made a province called Noricum which lasted until the year of 476. The regions of today's Austria which were not located within the province of Noricum were divided between the Roman provinces of Pannonia , which encompassed parts of eastern Austria, and Raetia , which encompassed
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#17328814038565876-446: The German Austrians from Germany, many Austrian pan-Germans idolised him and wore blue cornflowers, known to be the favourite flower of German Emperor William I , in their buttonholes, along with cockades in the German national colours (black, red, and yellow), although they were both temporarily banned in Austrian schools, as a way to show discontent towards the multi-ethnic empire. Austria's exclusion from Germany caused many Austrians
5989-548: The Mad , the heiress of Castile and Aragon , thus acquiring Spain and its Italian, African, Asian , and New World appendages for the Habsburgs. In 1526, following the Battle of Mohács , Bohemia and the part of Hungary not occupied by the Ottomans came under Austrian rule. Ottoman expansion into Hungary led to frequent conflicts between the two empires, particularly evident in
6102-512: The Nazis renamed Austria the " Ostmark ", a name which it had until 1942, when it was renamed the "Alpine and Danubian Gaue" (Alpen-und Donau-Reichsgaue). Though Austrians made up only 8% of the population of the Third Reich, some of the most prominent Nazis were native Austrians, including Adolf Hitler , Ernst Kaltenbrunner , Arthur Seyss-Inquart , Franz Stangl , Alois Brunner , Friedrich Rainer , and Odilo Globocnik , as were over 13% of
6215-583: The Provisional National Assembly for German Austria ( Provisorische Nationalversammlung für Deutschösterreich ). On 30 October the assembly founded the Republic of German-Austria by appointing a government, called Staatsrat . This new government was invited by the Emperor to take part in the decision on the planned armistice with Italy but refrained from this business. This left the responsibility for
6328-647: The Social Democrats and the Conservatives, had paramilitary armies; the Social Democrats' Republikanischer Schutzbund was now declared illegal, but was still operative as the 12–15 February 1934 Austrian Civil War broke out. In February 1934, several members of the Schutzbund were executed, the Social Democratic party was outlawed, and many of its members were imprisoned or emigrated. On 1 May 1934,
6441-510: The Third Reich by the Declaration of Independence on 27 April 1945 and set up a provisional government in Vienna under state Chancellor Renner the same day, with the approval of the victorious Red Army and backed by Joseph Stalin . (The date is officially named the birthday of the second republic.) At the end of April, most of western and southern Austria were still under Nazi rule. On 1 May 1945,
6554-607: The areas of present-day Vorarlberg and Tyrol . Present-day Petronell- Carnuntum in eastern Austria was an important army camp turned capital city in what became known as the Pannonia Superior . Carnuntum was home to 50,000 people for nearly 400 years. After the fall of the Roman Empire , the area was first invaded by the Germanic Rugii which made this region part of their " Rugiland ". In 487, most of modern Austria
6667-428: The attack, rather than choosing to lift the shuttlecock and defend against smashes. After a successful drive or push, the opponents will often be forced to lift the shuttlecock. Balls may be spun to alter their bounce (for example, topspin and backspin in tennis) or trajectory, and players may slice the ball (strike it with an angled racquet face) to produce such spin. The shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce, but slicing
6780-427: The birthplace of classical music and played host to different composers including Joseph Haydn , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Ludwig van Beethoven , and Franz Schubert . Austria later became engaged in a war with Revolutionary France , which was highly unsuccessful in the beginning, with successive defeats at the hands of Napoleon Bonaparte , meaning the end of the old Holy Roman Empire in 1806. Two years earlier,
6893-436: The boundary lines, until the server strikes the shuttlecock. The other two players may stand wherever they wish, so long as they do not block the vision of the server or receiver. At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts (see court dimensions ). The server hits the shuttlecock so that it would land in the receiver's service court. This is similar to tennis , except that in
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#17328814038567006-682: The currency, and improve Austria's general economic condition. The loan meant that Austria passed from an independent state to the control exercised by the League of Nations. In 1925, the Austrian schilling was introduced, replacing the Krone at a rate of 10,000:1. Later, it was nicknamed the "Alpine dollar" due to its stability. From 1925 to 1929 the economy enjoyed a short high before nearly crashing after Black Tuesday . The First Austrian Republic lasted until 1933, when Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss , using what he called "self-switch-off of Parliament" , established an autocratic regime tending towards Italian fascism . The two big parties at this time,
7119-471: The depth of the net was of no consequence, it was preferred that it should reach the ground. The sport was played under the Pune rules until 1887, when J. H. E. Hart of the Bath Badminton Club drew up revised regulations. In 1890, Hart and Bagnel Wild again revised the rules. The Badminton Association of England (BAE) published these rules in 1893 and officially launched the sport at a house called "Dunbar" in Portsmouth on 13 September. The BAE started
7232-466: The doubles sidelines, even when singles is played. The minimum height for the ceiling above the court is not mentioned in the Laws of Badminton. Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high serve. When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line on the opponents' court or it will count as a fault. The server and receiver must remain within their service courts, without touching
7345-458: The election was officially 99.5%, with 98.9% voting "yes". In the case of Austria, Adolf Hitler's native soil, 99.71% of an electorate of 4,484,475 officially went to the ballots, with a positive tally of 99.73 percent. Although most Austrians favored the Anschluss , in certain parts of Austria, the German soldiers were not always welcomed with flowers and joy, especially in Vienna, which had Austria's largest Jewish population. Nevertheless, despite
7458-496: The empire would collapse, which would allow an annexation of Austria by Germany . A lot of Austrian pan-German nationalists protested passionately against minister-president Kasimir Count Badeni 's language decree of 1897, which made German and Czech co-official languages in Bohemia and required new government officials to be fluent in both languages. This meant in practice that the civil service would almost exclusively hire Czechs because most middle-class Czechs spoke German but not
7571-422: The end of the first millennium , first as a frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire , it then developed into a duchy in 1156, and was made an Archduchy in 1453. Being the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy since the late 13th century, Austria was a major imperial power in Central Europe for centuries and from the 16th century, Vienna was also serving as the Holy Roman Empire's administrative capital. Before
7684-495: The end of the war, on 3 November 1918, solely to the emperor and his government. On 11 November, the emperor, advised by ministers of the old and the new governments, declared he would not take part in state business any more; on 12 November, German-Austria, by law, declared itself to be a democratic republic and part of the new German republic. The constitution, renaming the Staatsrat as Bundesregierung (federal government) and Nationalversammlung as Nationalrat (national council)
7797-462: The feel of thinner strings. String tension is normally in the range of 80 to 160 N (18 to 36 lbf ). Recreational players generally string at lower tensions than professionals, typically between 80 and 110 N (18 and 25 lbf). Professionals string between about 110 and 160 N (25 and 36 lbf). Some string manufacturers measure the thickness of their strings under tension so they are actually thicker than specified when slack. Ashaway Micropower
7910-456: The first badminton competition, the All England Open Badminton Championships for gentlemen's doubles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles, in 1899. Singles competitions were added in 1900 and an England – Ireland championship match appeared in 1904. England, Scotland , Wales , Canada , Denmark , France , Ireland , the Netherlands , and New Zealand were the founding members of the International Badminton Federation in 1934, now known as
8023-442: The government, while German troops occupied the country, which prevented Schuschnigg's referendum from taking place. On 13 March 1938, the Anschluss ( lit. ' joining ' or ' connection ' ) of Austria was officially declared. Two days later, Austrian-born Adolf Hitler announced what he called the "reunification" of his home country with the "rest of the German Reich " on Vienna's Heldenplatz . He established
8136-503: The handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than 1 mm), and are often used as the final layer. Many players, however, prefer to use replacement grips as the final layer. Towelling grips are always replacement grips. Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas overgrips have only a small patch of adhesive at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension; overgrips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging
8249-525: The hands of Rudolph I of Germany in 1278. Thereafter, until World War I, Austria's history was largely that of its ruling dynasty, the Habsburgs . In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Habsburgs began to accumulate other provinces in the vicinity of the Duchy of Austria. In 1438, Duke Albert V of Austria was chosen as the successor to his father-in-law, Emperor Sigismund . Although Albert himself only reigned for
8362-548: The members of the SS and 40% of the staff at the Nazi extermination camps . In the Reichsgau , besides the main camp KZ-Mauthausen , there were numerous sub-camps in all provinces where Jews and other prisoners were killed, tortured and exploited. At this time, because the territory was outside the operational radius of Allied aircraft, the armaments industry was greatly expanded through the forced labor of concentration camp prisoners, this
8475-445: The midcourt or rear court, it is often called a push or block . When the shuttlecock is near to net height , players can hit drives , which travel flat and rapidly over the net into the opponents' rear midcourt and rear court. Pushes may also be hit flatter, placing the shuttlecock into the front midcourt. Drives and pushes may be played from the midcourt or forecourt, and are most often used in doubles: they are an attempt to regain
8588-503: The modern game of badminton developed in the mid-19th century among the expatriate officers of British India as a variant of the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock . ("Battledore" was an older term for "racquet".) Its exact origin remains obscure. The name derives from the Duke of Beaufort 's Badminton House in Gloucestershire , but why or when remains unclear. As early as 1860,
8701-425: The nations which have consistently produced world-class players in the past few decades, with China being the greatest force in men's and women's competition recently. Great Britain , where the rules of the modern game were codified, is not among the top powers in the sport, but has had significant Olympic and World success in doubles play, especially mixed doubles. The game has also become a popular backyard sport in
8814-569: The newly formed or enlarged states of Czechoslovakia , Yugoslavia , Hungary , and Italy. These included the provinces of South Tyrol , and German Bohemia . The status of German Bohemia and Sudetenland later played a role in World War II. The border between Austria and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was settled with the Carinthian Plebiscite in October 1920 and allocated the major part of
8927-404: The opponents win the rally and their new score is even, the player in the right service court serves; if odd, the player in the left service court serves. The players' service courts are determined by their positions at the start of the previous rally, not by where they were standing at the end of the rally. A consequence of this system is that each time a side regains the service, the server will be
9040-810: The other way around. The support of ultramontane Catholic politicians and clergy for this reform triggered the launch of the Away from Rome movement, which was initiated by supporters of Schönerer and called on "German" Christians to leave the Roman Catholic Church. As the Second Constitutional Era began in the Ottoman Empire , Austria-Hungary took the opportunity to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914 by Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip
9153-466: The palm), whereas backhand strokes are hit with the back of the hand leading (like hitting with the knuckles). Players frequently play certain strokes on the forehand side with a backhand hitting action, and vice versa. In the forecourt and midcourt, most strokes can be played equally effectively on either the forehand or backhand side; but in the rear court, players will attempt to play as many strokes as possible on their forehands, often preferring to play
9266-407: The player who did not serve last time. Each game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point by winning a rally. This differs from the old system in which players may only win a point on their serve and each game is to 15 points. A match is the best of three games. If the score ties at 20–20, then the game continues until one side gains a two-point lead (such as 24–22), except when there
9379-452: The predominantly German-speaking South Tyrol . The desire for the annexation of Austria to Germany was a popular opinion shared by all social circles in both Austria and Germany. On 12 November, German-Austria was declared a republic, and named Social Democrat Karl Renner as provisional chancellor. On the same day it drafted a provisional constitution that stated that "German-Austria is a democratic republic" (Article 1) and "German-Austria
9492-514: The proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period , anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II , Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler , and it became a sub-national division . After its liberation in 1945 and
9605-548: The propaganda and the manipulation and rigging which surrounded the ballot box result, there was massive genuine support for Hitler for fulfilling the Anschluss , since many Germans from both Austria and Germany saw it as completing the long overdue unification of all Germans into one state. On 13 March 1938, Austria was annexed by the Third Reich and ceased to exist as an independent country (the Anschluss ). The Aryanisation of
9718-411: The racquet and hence make it harder to hit a shot accurately. An alternative view suggests that the optimum tension for power depends on the player: the faster and more accurately a player can swing their racquet, the higher the tension for maximum power. Neither view has been subjected to a rigorous mechanical analysis, nor is there clear evidence in favour of one or the other. The most effective way for
9831-401: The remaining choice. In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first. Matches are best out of three: a player or pair must win two games (of 21 points each) to win the match. For the first rally of any doubles game, the serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair may decide who receives. The players change ends at the start of the second game; if the match reaches
9944-400: The same length. The exception, which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension. The full width of the court is 6.1 metres (20 feet), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.18 metres (17.0 feet). The full length of the court is 13.4 metres (44 feet). The service courts are marked by a centre line dividing the width of the court, by
10057-401: The serve passes to the doubles partner for what is known as a "second serve"). In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is even, and in their left service court when their score is odd. In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve, but he/she changes service courts so that she/he serves to a different opponent each time. If
10170-418: The shuttlecock does have applications in badminton. (See Basic strokes for an explanation of technical terms.) Due to the way that its feathers overlap, a shuttlecock also has a slight natural spin about its axis of rotational symmetry. The spin is in a counter-clockwise direction as seen from above when dropping a shuttlecock. This natural spin affects certain strokes: a tumbling net shot is more effective if
10283-401: The shuttlecock is to the net, whether it is above net height, and where an opponent is currently positioned: players have much better attacking options if they can reach the shuttlecock well above net height, especially if it is also close to the net. In the forecourt , a high shuttlecock will be met with a net kill , hitting it steeply downwards and attempting to win the rally immediately. This
10396-403: The shuttlecock while it is still above them, rather than allowing it to drop lower. This overhead hitting allows them to play smashes, clears (hitting the shuttlecock high and to the back of the opponents' court), and drop shots (hitting the shuttlecock softly so that it falls sharply downwards into the opponents' forecourt). If the shuttlecock has dropped lower, then a smash is impossible and
10509-509: The slicing action is from right to left, rather than from left to right. Austria – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [ Legend ] Austria , formally the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe , lying in the Eastern Alps . It is a federation of nine states , one of which
10622-599: The sport is named by reference to this feature (e.g., German Federball , literally feather-ball). The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock . European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in Asia , with recent competitions dominated by China . In 1992, badminton debuted as a Summer Olympic sport with four events : men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles; mixed doubles
10735-571: The successful defence of Vienna against the Turks in 1683, under the command of the King of Poland John III Sobieski , the Great Turkish War resulted in most of Hungary being controlled by Austria. This arrangement was formalized in the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor relinquished many of the gains the empire made in the previous years. He enjoyed the imminent extinction of
10848-611: The territory of the Babenberg March. In 1156, the Privilegium Minus elevated Austria to the status of a duchy. In 1192, the Babenbergs also acquired the Duchy of Styria . With the death of Frederick II in 1246, the line of the Babenbergs was extinguished. As a result, Ottokar II of Bohemia effectively assumed control of the duchies of Austria, Styria, and Carinthia . His reign came to an end with his defeat at Dürnkrut at
10961-579: The territory of the former Austro-Hungarian Crownland of Carinthia to Austria. This set the border on the Karavanke mountain range, with many Slovenes remaining in Austria. After the war, inflation began to devalue the Krone, which was still Austria's currency. In the autumn of 1922, Austria was granted an international loan supervised by the League of Nations . The purpose of the loan was to avert bankruptcy, stabilise
11074-521: The underlying material. A shuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle ; also called a birdie ) is a high-drag projectile , with an open conical shape : the cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork base. The cork is covered with thin leather or synthetic material. Synthetic shuttles are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs as feathered shuttles break easily. These nylon shuttles may be constructed with either natural cork or synthetic foam base and
11187-433: The use of their mother tongue at state offices. Many Austrians of all different social circles such as Georg Ritter von Schönerer promoted strong pan-Germanism in the hope of reinforcing an ethnic German identity and the annexation of Austria to Germany. Some Austrians such as Karl Lueger also used pan-Germanism as a form of populism to further their own political goals. Although Bismarck's policies excluded Austria and
11300-776: The wealth of Jewish Austrians started immediately in mid-March, with a so-called "wild" (i.e. extra-legal) phase, but it was soon structured legally and bureaucratically so the assets which Jewish citizens possessed could be stripped from them. At that time, Adolf Eichmann , who grew up in Austria, was transferred to Vienna and ordered to persecute the Jews. During the November pogrom in 1938 ("Reichskristallnacht"), Jews and Jewish institutions such as synagogues were subjected to violent attacks in Vienna, Klagenfurt, Linz, Graz, Salzburg, Innsbruck and several cities in Lower Austria. Otto von Habsburg ,
11413-420: Was able to send the Allies information about armaments factories where V-1 flying bombs , V-2 rockets , Tiger tanks , and aircraft ( Messerschmitt Bf 109 , Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet , etc.) were manufactured, information which was important to the success of Operation Crossbow and Operation Hydra , both of which were preliminary missions before the launch of Operation Overlord . This resistance group, which
11526-460: Was added four years later. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina , agility , strength , speed, and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements involving much greater flexibility in the wrist than some other racquet sports. Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries across Eurasia , but
11639-684: Was conquered by Odoacer , a barbarian soldier and statesman from the Middle Danube , which incorporated most of today's Austria in his Kingdom of Italy . By 493, it was conquered by the Germanic Ostrogoths which created their own kingdom, the Ostrogothic Kingdom . Following the Kingdom's fall the area was invaded by the Alemanni , Baiuvarii , Slavs , and Avars . Charlemagne , King of
11752-566: Was especially the case with regard to the manufacture of fighter planes, tanks and missiles. Most of the resistance groups were soon crushed by the Gestapo . While the plans of the group around Karl Burian to blow up the Gestapo's headquarters in Vienna were uncovered, the important group around the later executed priest Heinrich Maier managed to contact the Allies . This so-called Maier-Messner group
11865-459: Was founded under the presidency of Austria. Because of unsolved social, political, and national conflicts, the German lands were shaken by the 1848 revolutions aiming to create a unified Germany. The various different possibilities for a united Germany were: a Greater Germany , or a Greater Austria or just the German Confederation without Austria at all. As Austria was not willing to relinquish its German-speaking territories to what would become
11978-547: Was in contact with the American secret service ( OSS ), soon provided information about mass executions and concentration camps such as Auschwitz . The group's aim was to cause Nazi Germany to lose the war as quickly as possible and re-establish an independent Austria. Vienna fell on 13 April 1945, during the Soviet Vienna offensive , just before the total collapse of the Third Reich. The invading Allied powers, in particular
12091-13957: Was later cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic in Austria . Performances by nation [ edit ] As of the 2024 edition Top Nations Pos Nation MS WS MD WD XD Total 1 [REDACTED] Germany 6 5 9 6 7 33 2 [REDACTED] Denmark 12 2 6 5 7.5 32.5 3 [REDACTED] Japan 3 4 3 7 17 4 [REDACTED] England 2 8 1 4.5 15.5 5 [REDACTED] Chinese Taipei 1 5 4 4 1 15 6 [REDACTED] Indonesia 3 2 4 3.5 2 14.5 [REDACTED] Soviet Union 2 3 2 3.5 4 14.5 8 [REDACTED] Austria 4 1 1 3 5 14 [REDACTED] China 2 5 2 3 2 14 [REDACTED] Netherlands 3 4 2 2.5 2.5 14 11 [REDACTED] Poland 3 1 2 3 3 12 12 [REDACTED] Russia 2 1 3 3 9 13 [REDACTED] India 5 2 7 [REDACTED] Scotland 1 2 2 2 7 [REDACTED] Yugoslavia 2 2 2 1 7 16 [REDACTED] Sweden 2 3 1.5 6.5 17 [REDACTED] Czech Republic 4 1 5 [REDACTED] Hong Kong 1 1 3 5 [REDACTED] Malaysia 1 2 1 1 5 20 [REDACTED] Bulgaria 1 1 2 4 21 [REDACTED] CIS 1 1 2 [REDACTED] East Germany 2 2 [REDACTED] Ukraine 2 2 24 [REDACTED] Belgium 1 1 [REDACTED] Canada 1 1 [REDACTED] Finland 1 1 [REDACTED] New Zealand 1 1 [REDACTED] Spain 1 1 [REDACTED] Thailand 1 1 [REDACTED] Wales 1 1 31 [REDACTED] Switzerland 0.5 0.5 Total 53 53 53 53 53 265 References [ edit ] ^ Austrian International 1989 ^ Austrian International 1991 ^ Austrian International 1992 ^ Austrian International 1993 ^ Austrian International 1994 ^ Austrian International 1995 ^ Austrian International 1996 ^ Austrian International 1997 ^ Austrian International 1998 ^ Austrian Int 1999 ^ Austrian Int 2000 ^ Austrian International 2001 ^ Austrian Int 2002 ^ Austrian International 2003 ^ Austrian International 2004 ^ 36th Austrian International Championships 2006 ^ Austrian International Championships 2007 ^ Austrian International Championships 2008 ^ Austrian International Challenge 2009 ^ Austrian International Challenge 2010 ^ Austrian International Challenge 2011 ^ Austrian International Challenge 2012 ^ Austrian International Challenge 2013 ^ Austrian International Challenge 2014 ^ Austrian Open 2015 ^ Austrian Open 2016 ^ Austrian Open 2017 ^ Austrian Open 2018 ^ Austrian Open 2019 ^ Austrian Open 2020 ^ Austrian Open 2021 (Cancelled) ^ "Austrian Open 2021 - Winners" . BWF-Tournament Software . Retrieved 11 June 2023 . ^ "Austrian Open 2022 - Winners" . BWF-Tournament Software . Retrieved 11 June 2023 . ^ "Austrian Open 2023 - Winners" . BWF-Tournament Software . Retrieved 11 June 2023 . ^ "Austrian Open 2024 - Winners" . BWF-Tournament Software . Retrieved 26 May 2024 . External links [ edit ] BWF: 2006 results BWF: 2007 results v t e Badminton competitions Major events Olympic Games World Championships Thomas Cup Uber Cup Sudirman Cup World Senior Championships World Junior Championships Continent events African Games African Championships ( Team ) Arab Games Asian Games Asian Championships ( Junior , Team , Mixed Team ) East Asian Games SEA Games South Asian Games Commonwealth Games European Games European Championships ( Junior , Team , Mixed Team ) Island Games Oceania Championships Pan American Games ( Junior ) Pan American Championships ( Junior ) University Games World University Championships World Tour Finals BWF World Tour Finals Super 1000 All England Open China Open Indonesia Open Malaysia Open Super 750 China Masters Denmark Open French Open Japan Open India Open Singapore Open Super 500 Arctic Open Australian Open Canada Open Hong Kong Open Indonesia Masters Japan Masters Korea Open Malaysia Masters Thailand Open Super 300 German Open Hylo Open Korea Masters Macau Open Orléans Masters Spain Masters Swiss Open Syed Modi International Taipei Open Thailand Masters U.S. Open Super 100 Abu Dhabi Masters Baoji China Masters Guwahati Masters Indonesia Masters Super 100 Kaohsiung Masters Malaysia Super 100 Odisha Masters Ruichang China Masters Vietnam Open International Challenge Azerbaijan International Bahrain International Bangladesh International Belgian International Bendigo International Canadian International China International Denmark Challenge Dutch Open Guatemala International India International Indonesia International Iran Fajr International Irish Open Italian International Kazakhstan International Lagos International Classics Luxembourg Open Malaysia International Maldives International Mexican International Mongolia International Nantes International Nepal International Northern Marianas Open North Harbour International Osaka International Peru Challenge Polish Open Réunion Open Saipan International Scottish Open Sydney International Thailand International Türkiye International Uganda International Ukraine Open Vietnam International International Series Algeria International Austrian Open Bahrain International Brazil International Bulgarian Open Cameroon International Czech Open Dutch International Egypt International El Salvador International Estonian International Guatemala International Hungarian International Malaysia International Maldives International Mauritius International Mexican International Myanmar International Norwegian International Perú International Polish International Portugal International Santo Domingo Open Slovenia Open Suriname International Swedish Open Tajikistan International Thailand International Trinidad and Tobago International Uganda International Ukraine International Venezuela International Vietnam International Welsh International Zambia International Future Series Argentina Future Series Benin International Bonn International Botswana International Bulgarian International Chile International Costa Rica Future Series Croatian International Croatia Open Cyprus International Dominican Open Finnish International French Guiana International Future Series Nouvelle-Aquitaine Giraldilla International Guatemala Future Series Hellas International Iceland International Iran International Khazar Cup Israel Open Kampala International Kazakhstan Future Series Kenya International Latvia International Lithuanian International Malta International Mexico Future Series Myanmar International Peru Future Series Slovak Open Slovenia Future Series South Africa International Spanish International Venezuela Open National Championships Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Hong Kong Croatia Cyprus Czechoslovakia Czech Republic Denmark England Estonia Eswatini Faroes Finland France Georgia Greece Greenland Germany Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Moldova Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Russia Scotland Serbia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Soviet Union Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United States Vietnam Yugoslavia Disabled events Deaflympics Paralympics World Para Asian Para European Para Pan Am Para Oceania Para African Para Defunct Championships World Cup World Games World Grand Prix Finals Akita Masters Belarus International Brasil Open Brunei Open Chinese Taipei Masters Czechoslovakian International Hyderabad Open London Grand Prix Gold Mexico City Grand Prix New Zealand Open Philippines Open Russian Open USSR International U.S. Grand Prix White Nights Yugoslavian International Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austrian_International&oldid=1243065176 " Categories : Badminton tournaments in Austria Recurring sporting events established in 1965 Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
12204-497: Was particularly popular and where the first rules for the game were drawn up in 1873. By 1875, officers returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone . Initially, the sport was played with sides ranging from 1 to 4 players, but it was quickly established that games between two or four competitors worked the best. The shuttlecocks were coated with India rubber and, in outdoor play, sometimes weighted with lead . Although
12317-531: Was passed on 10 November 1920. The Treaty of Saint-Germain of 1919 (for Hungary the Treaty of Trianon of 1920) confirmed and consolidated the new order of Central Europe which to a great extent had been established in November 1918, creating new states and altering others. The German-speaking parts of Austria which had been part of Austria-Hungary were reduced to a rump state named the Republic of German-Austria (German: Republik Deutschösterreich ), though excluding
12430-579: Was responsible for directing the nationalized industries under the directorship of Minister Peter Krauland (party ÖVP). On 15 May 1955, after talks which lasted for years and were influenced by the Cold War Austria regained full independence by concluding the Austrian State Treaty with the allies of World War II. On 26 October 1955, all occupation troops had left and Austria declared its permanent neutrality by an act of parliament. This day
12543-586: Was surrounded by the Soviet zone. This Austrian government was recognised by the allies of World War II in October 1945 despite concerns that Karl Renner could be Stalin's puppet. On 26 July 1946 the Austrian Parliament passed its first nationalization law and approximately 70 mining and manufacturing companies were seized by the Austrian state. The Ministry of Property Protection and Economic Planning ( Ministerium für Vermögenssicherung und Wirtschaftsplanung )
12656-586: Was used by leading Austrian politicians and generals to persuade the emperor to declare war on Serbia, thereby risking and prompting the outbreak of World War I, which eventually led to the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Over one million Austro-Hungarian soldiers died in World War I. On 21 October 1918, the elected German members of the Reichsrat (parliament of Imperial Austria) met in Vienna as
12769-466: Was very popular by the 1870s. Ball badminton , a form of the game played with a wool ball instead of a shuttlecock, was being played in Thanjavur as early as the 1850s and was at first played interchangeably with badminton by the British, the woollen ball being preferred in windy or wet weather. Early on, the game was also known as Poona or Poonah after the garrison town of Poona (Pune), where it
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