Misplaced Pages

#671328

100-925: The story of the Atlantic GL starts with the Midland Trail Transit Company, which began in July 1924, under the leadership of Arthur Hill (formerly the secretary and treasurer of the Charleston Interurban Railroad Company) – to run – after buying two pre-existing carriers (the White Transportation Company and the Huntington-Charleston Motor Bus Company) – between Charleston and Huntington (both in West Virginia ), along one segment of

200-921: A joint venture (owned in two equal shares) by the Blue and Gray Transit Company and The Greyhound Corporation (with an uppercase T, because the word "the" was an integral part of the legal name of the corporate entity) – to operate a single new main line, between Washington, DC, and Saint Louis (in Missouri ), via Winchester (in Virginia), Clarksburg and Parkersburg (both in West Virginia), Chillicothe and Cincinnati (both in Ohio), Bedford and Vincennes (both in Indiana ), and Olney and Salem (both in Illinois ), along US-50 –

300-761: A minority interest in NHT and not yet a controlling interest . By September 1931 the Skyland Stages, running since 1930 between Columbia (in South Carolina) and Knoxville (in Tennessee ) via Greenville (in South Carolina) and Asheville (in North Carolina), became a division of the Atlantic GL. [John Gilmer (of the Camel City Coach Company) had begun the process of forming the Skyland Stages (which ran through

400-528: A calendar year passed without a single 90 °F (32.2 °C) reading was as recently as 2009. Moreover, warm mornings where the low remains at or above 70 °F or 21.1 °C are much less common than 90 °F or 32.2 °C afternoons. Winters are cool, with a January daily average of 37.1 °F (2.8 °C) and highs remaining at or below freezing on 5.5 afternoons. Official record temperatures range from −16 °F (−26.7 °C) on January 21, 1985 to 100 °F (37.8 °C) on August 21, 1983;

500-473: A coach-only remnant of the Southern Railway's Carolina Special , made its last run on December 5, 1968. From the 1950s to the 1970s, urban renewal displaced much of Asheville's African-American population. Asheville's neighborhoods of Montford and Kenilworth, now mostly white, used to have a majority of black home owners. Since the late 20th century, there has been an effort to maintain and preserve

600-479: A combined population of 513,720 in 2023, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau . Asheville first appeared in the 1800 U S. Census with "Ashville" as the spelling. Only 38 inhabitants were recorded. Asheville did not appear again until the 1850 U.S. Census with "Ashville" once again as the spelling. The population recorded was 502. Asheville did not report separately in 1860. Asheville

700-402: A company secretary, and this person will either be a senior board member or a member of the senior management team. Company secretaries in all sectors have high level responsibilities including governance structures and mechanisms, corporate conduct within an organisation's regulatory environment, board, shareholder and trustee meetings, compliance with legal, regulatory and listing requirements,

800-708: A company secretary. The only professional body in Malaysia that awards the Chartered Secretary (FCIS/ACIS) qualification is the Malaysian Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (MAICSA), which is a division of the Chartered Governance Institute , United Kingdom. In addition to the qualifications specified in the Companies Act 2016 , section 235 (2), a company secretary must also hold

900-788: A controlling (majority) interest in the Atlantic GL, and in 1957 the parent firm finished buying the remaining minority interest in the AGL and then merged the AGL into itself as a division of itself. By 1960 the Atlantic GL reached as far to the north as Columbus and Pittsburgh, as far to the east as the Atlantic Ocean , as far to the south as Jacksonville, and as far to the west as Cincinnati, Knoxville, and Atlanta. The AGL also ran extensive local commuter service based in its hometown of Charleston and in Portsmouth (in Ohio), Winston-Salem (in North Carolina), Sumter (in South Carolina), and (in conjunction with

1000-611: A current practising certificate issued by the Companies Commission of Malaysia (Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia). In Singapore, The Companies Act, Section 171 requires that every business has a Company Secretary that must reside in Singapore. The Secretary has to be appointed within the first 6 months after incorporation. If the company has only one director, he or she cannot be the Corporate Secretary. The responsibilities of

1100-443: A female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.81. Age distribution was 19.6% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

SECTION 10

#1732869809672

1200-782: A group of private investors under the promotion of Fred Currey, a former executive of the Continental Trailways (later renamed as the Trailways, Inc., called also TWI, also based in Dallas), which was by far the largest member company in the National Trailways trade association. Later in 1987 the Greyhound Lines, Inc., the GLI, the new firm based in Dallas, further bought the Trailways, Inc.,

1300-555: A growing season of 181 days. Asheville is located in the Appalachian temperate rainforest and precipitation is relatively well spread, though the summer months are slightly wetter, and averages 49.6 in (1,260 mm) annually, but has historically ranged from 22.79 in (579 mm) in 1925 to 79.48 in (2,019 mm) in 2018. Snowfall is sporadic, averaging 10.3 inches or 0.26 metres per winter season, but actual seasonal accumulation varies considerably from one winter to

1400-609: A highway named as the Midland Trail (later designated as US highway 60 ). The Midland Trail firm continued to grow, mostly by buying more existing companies. Hill incorporated the Blue and Gray (called also B&G) Transit Company in Charleston, West Virginia in May 1927 – to buy his own Midland Trail firm and at least three other highway carriers (thus increasing his route network) – to make it easy and simple to consolidate all

1500-508: A new building in Phoenix. In 1987 The Greyhound Corporation (the original Greyhound umbrella firm), which had become widely diversified far beyond transportation, sold its entire highway-coach operating business (its core bus business), to a new company, named as the Greyhound Lines, Inc., called also GLI, based in Dallas, Texas – a separate, independent, unrelated firm, which was the property of

1600-749: A new route between Macon and Savannah and a parallel alternate route between Atlanta and Macon but also a quicker alternate route between Macon and Jacksonville (about 50 miles shorter than the older route via Valdosta in Georgia and Lake City in Florida). After that last sale the Hood firm, holding no other route, went out of business. In 1935 the Atlantic GL bought the Old South routes to Atlanta from Charlotte and from Columbia, thus preparing to establish connections in Atlanta with

1700-631: A number of Baptist churches, Roman Catholic , Methodist , Lutheran , Presbyterian , and Churches of Christ , as well as a few non-Christian places of worship, such as Urban Dharma, a Tibetan Buddhist center of the Drikung Kagyu school. Asheville is the headquarters of the Episcopal Diocese of Western North Carolina , which is seated at the Cathedral of All Souls . Asheville is an important city for North Carolinian Catholics, who make pilgrimages to

1800-679: A part of the NHT Company, which in 1931 became renamed as the Atlantic Greyhound Lines. The first president of the Capitol GL was Arthur Hill, the founder and president of the B&;G firm. In 1954 the parent Greyhound firm bought the 50-percent share of the Atlantic GL (which part had come from B&G) in the Capitol GL, then Greyhound merged Capitol into the Pennsylvania GL, which in 1955

1900-717: A route shorter and quicker (six hours faster) than the best (then available) alternate route [via Hagerstown (in Maryland ), Pittsburgh (in Pennsylvania), Wheeling (in West Virginia), Columbus (in Ohio), Indianapolis and Terre Haute (both in Indiana), and Effingham (in Illinois)] – plus a branch line between Shoals and Louisville (in Kentucky) via Paoli (in Indiana). As described above, B&G (along with Camel City) in 1929 became

2000-518: A sanitary district in West Asheville, which became an incorporated town in 1913, and merged with Asheville in 1917. The Asheville Masonic Temple was constructed in 1913, under the direction of famed architect Richard Sharp Smith , a Freemason . It was the meeting place for local Masons through much of the 20th century. On July 15–16, 1916, the Asheville area was subject to severe flooding from

2100-513: A small group of Confederate senior and junior reserves, and recuperating Confederate soldiers in prepared trench lines across the Buncombe Turnpike. The Union force had been ordered to take Asheville only if they could accomplish it without significant losses. An engagement was fought later that month at Swannanoa Gap, as part of the larger Stoneman's Raid throughout western North Carolina, Virginia , and Tennessee. Union forces retreated in

SECTION 20

#1732869809672

2200-597: Is integral to the efficient functioning of corporations, particularly in common law jurisdictions. The Company Secretary serves as a guardian of compliance, a facilitator of communication between the board of directors and other stakeholders, and a custodian of corporate records. Despite the name, the role is not clerical or secretarial . The company secretary ensures that an organisation complies with relevant legislation and regulation, and keeps board members informed of their legal responsibilities. In many countries, private companies are required by law to appoint one person as

2300-578: Is the larger principal city of the Asheville-Waynesville-Brevard, NC Combined Statistical Area that includes the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area (Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, and Madison counties) and the Brevard, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area (Transylvania County), which had a combined population of 469,015 at the 2020 census . Asheville's East End/Valley Street stands as

2400-463: Is the main qualification specifically for company secretaries. CGI is the body dedicated to the advancement and recognition of professional administration based on a combination of degree-level studies, carefully vetted experience and sponsorship by two people of professional status. Only a person thus qualified is entitled to be designated a 'Chartered Secretary' or 'Chartered Company Secretary'. The Faculty of Secretaries and Administrators founded in 1930

2500-541: Is the second body of corporate secretaries in the United Kingdom and now has a strong emphasis on equality work and governance and its members are designated 'corporate secretaries' or 'certified public secretaries'. It is expected that company secretaries of publicly quoted companies will be professionally qualified through CGI, one of the chartered professional bodies in the accountancy profession, or have appropriate training and experience through another body. The role of

2600-625: The Asheville Zombie Walk was organized for the first time, starting a tradition that lasted until 2016. In July 2020, the Asheville City Council voted to provide reparations to Black residents for the city's "historic role in slavery, discrimination and denial of basic liberties". The resolution was unanimously passed, and Asheville committed to "make investments in areas where Black residents face disparities". Also in 2020, efforts were made to remove or change several monuments in

2700-704: The Civil War . The city contributed companies to the Confederate States Army and to the Union Army . For a time, an Enfield rifle manufacturing facility was located in the town. The war did not reach Asheville until early April 1865, when the "Battle of Asheville" was fought at the present-day site of the University of North Carolina at Asheville . Union forces withdrew to Tennessee , which they had occupied since 1862. They had encountered resistance in Asheville from

2800-482: The French Broad and Swannanoa rivers, devastating Asheville and surrounding areas of Western North Carolina . The full extent of the damage was difficult to gauge in the immediate aftermath due to loss of critical infrastructure, including electrical, cellular telephone, and other communications services. Early reports indicated hundreds of downed trees, damaged homes, and blocked local roads. The municipal water system

2900-527: The King IV report . In addition, non-profit companies that have voluntarily adopted the "Enhanced Accountability and Transparency" provisions of the Companies Act must appoint a company secretary whose role is comparable to that of a public company. In Sri Lanka, the Companies Act, No. 07 of 2007 requires that each registered company has a company secretary. A company secretary is required to be registered with

3000-626: The Roman or Latin letter L.] The website of the Viad Corporation ( http://www.viad.com ) in September 2008 makes no mention of its corporate history or its past relationship to Greyhound (that is, its origin as The Greyhound Corporation). Company secretary A Company secretary is a senior position in the corporate governance of organizations, playing a crucial role in ensuring adherence to statutory and regulatory requirements. This position

3100-823: The Teche GL and the Southeastern GL. In February 1936 the Teche GL bought the Old South route between Atlanta and Montgomery (with the loop through Columbus), thus completing its route between New Orleans (in Louisiana ) and Atlanta. Gilmer also owned one or more automotive dealerships in Winston-Salem which sold Chrysler cars and GMC trucks. The Capitol GL , based in Cincinnati, Ohio, came into existence in November 1930 – as

Atlantic Greyhound Lines - Misplaced Pages Continue

3200-406: The 2,700 troops left town, accompanied by "hundreds of freed slaves". Later, the federal troops returned and plundered Asheville, burning a number of Confederate supporters' homes in Asheville. George Avery was among 40 enslaved people known to have traveled with the troops to Tennessee. There he enlisted in the U.S. Colored Troops . He returned to Asheville after being discharged in 1866. After

3300-689: The Atlantic GL with – not into but rather with – the Southeastern GL, based in Lexington, Kentucky , a neighboring regional company – thereby forming the Southern Division of The Greyhound Corporation, called also the Southern GL, the third of four huge new divisions (along with Central, Eastern, and Western) – which reached as far to the north as Springfield and Effingham (both in Illinois), Columbus, Pittsburgh, and Washington, as far to

3400-629: The Atlantic GL, the Dixie GL , and the Southeastern GL – including through-schedules between Birmingham (in Alabama ) and Bristol and between Memphis and Washington – until 1956, when the TCC joined the Trailways trade association (then named as the National Trailways Bus System ), and when the TCC returned its leased right to that segment to the Atlantic GL (as the successor in interest of

3500-775: The B&G and the Camel City companies – with those three men owning the new firm in three equal shares. Service began on the day before Thanksgiving Day in November 1929. In May 1932 the OD Stages leased its rights to the route segment between Knoxville and Bristol (along US-11W ) to the Tennessee Coach Company (called also TCC), which then was an independent regional carrier based in Knoxville, and which already ran (in part) between those two cities on its own parallel route (along -11E ). Later in 1932 Hill and Gilmer bought

3600-433: The Camel City Coach Company (bearing a nickname of its hometown due to the Camel cigarettes made there) came into existence, under the leadership of a merchant by the name of John Gilmer – to run between Charlotte (in North Carolina ) and Martinsville (in Virginia) via Winston-Salem – and to expand. Soon Camel City grew, mostly by acquisition, first to the northwest to Mount Airy (in North Carolina), then to

3700-458: The Camel City concerns. Early in 1931 the NHT firm (which already had formed operating ties to Greyhound and had begun negotiations with Greyhound) began using the brand name, trade name, or service name of the Atlantic Greyhound Lines (while at first retaining its own previous corporate name), then in July 1931 NHT became renamed as the Atlantic Greyhound Lines (with the consent of the parent Greyhound firm), although Greyhound had then acquired only

3800-408: The City Council purchased property partially located in neighboring Henderson County for the development of Asheville Regional Airport . The North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to redraw the boundaries of Buncombe and Henderson counties to include the proposed airport property entirely in Buncombe, allowing Asheville to annex the complete site. The last passenger train to serve Asheville,

3900-414: The Companies Act 2014 are required to appoint a company secretary, who may also be a company director. The company secretary of a private limited company must have "the skills or resources necessary to discharge his or her statutory and other duties" while that of a public limited company must meet two out of the three following criteria before appointment: Although the Company Secretary is an officer of

4000-424: The Companies Act 2016 requires that every company to appoint at least one secretary. The secretary has to be appointed within the first 30 days after incorporation or a penalty is imposed on the Directors, running into a risk of being blacklisted. The responsibilities of the secretary include the following: Only an individual who satisfies the requirement in the Companies Act 2016 , section 235 (2) may be appointed

4100-433: The Consolidated Coach Corporation and the Union Bus Company, acting jointly, with the Atlanta-Macon and Macon-Waycross-Jacksonville routes going to Consolidated (which in 1936 became renamed as the Southeastern Greyhound Lines) and with the Macon-Savannah route going to Union (which in 1941 became bought by and merged into the Southeastern GL) – thus providing Consolidated and Union (and therefore later Greyhound) not only

Atlantic Greyhound Lines - Misplaced Pages Continue

4200-416: The Corporate Secretary include the following: For public companies, the Secretary must be a registered filing agent or a qualified individual. In South Africa, all public and state-owned company must appoint a company secretary. The roles and responsibilities of the company secretary are defined in the Companies Act, No 71 of 2008 . For publicly listed companies, these roles were clarified and expanded by

4300-426: The Department of Registrar of Companies, to function as a company secretary. Eligibility to function as a secretary are; Since 8 April 2008 there has been no legal requirement for a private company in the UK to have a company secretary unless the company's articles of association state otherwise. If a private company doesn't have a company secretary then the company’s secretarial duties and responsibilities fall upon

4400-400: The Depression was slow and arduous. Because of the financial stagnation, there was little new construction and much of the downtown district remained unaltered. The Montford Area Historic District and other central areas are considered historic districts and include Victorian houses. Biltmore Village , located at the entrance to the famous estate, showcases unique architectural features. It

4500-399: The Neo-Gothic Jackson Building, the first skyscraper on Pack Square; Grove Arcade , one of America's first indoor shopping malls; and the Basilica of St. Lawrence . The S&W Cafeteria Building is also a fine example of Art Deco architecture in Asheville. The Grove Park Inn is an important example of architecture and design of the Arts and Crafts movement . Asheville's recovery from

4600-423: The OD Stages) – as a part of the deal related to the dissociation of the TCC from Greyhound. Afterward the TCC continued running between Knoxville and Bristol, but only along its own original route (on US-11E). John Gilmer, the founder of the Camel City Coach Company, participated also in a number of other activities during the early development of the highway-coach industry. In 1928 Gilmer provided much of

4700-440: The Office for National Statistics Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (March 2010). The exact responsibilities of the company secretary depend on the size and nature of the company and there is no statutory definition of what these are, but it generally includes some or all of the following: In the UK, the company secretary may be qualified by virtue of examination and membership of The Chartered Governance Institute (CGI), which

4800-453: The Queen City Trailways) in Charlotte (in North Carolina). The Atlantic GL then met the new Eastern GL to the north, the new Central GL to the northwest, and the Southeastern GL to the west and the south; AGL also met the Richmond GL in Washington, DC, and in Norfolk and Richmond. AGL took part in a large number of major interlined north-south through-routes (using pooled equipment in cooperation with other Greyhound companies) – that is,

4900-566: The South Asheville Cemetery, in the Kenilworth neighborhood. It is the largest public black cemetery in the state, holding about 2000 burials, dating from the early 1800s and slavery years, to 1943. Fewer than 100 of the graves are marked by tombstones. In 2003, Centennial Olympic Park bomber Eric Robert Rudolph was transported to Asheville from Murphy, North Carolina , for arraignment in federal court. In September 2004, remnants of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan caused major flooding in Asheville, particularly at Biltmore Village . In 2006,

5000-813: The Southeastern GL, and thus began the Southern GL. Later (about 1966) The Greyhound Corporation reorganized again, into just two humongous divisions, named as the Greyhound Lines East (GLE) and the Greyhound Lines West (GLW); even later (about 1970) it eliminated those two divisions, thus leaving a single gargantuan undivided nationwide fleet. When the Southern GL came into existence, the headquarters functions became gradually transferred from Lexington, Kentucky, and Charleston, West Virginia, to Atlanta, Georgia; when GLE arose, many of those administrative functions became shifted from Atlanta to Cleveland, Ohio; eventually those functions migrated to Chicago, Illinois, then to Phoenix, Arizona – when (in 1971) The Greyhound Corporation moved its corporate headquarters from Chicago to

5100-406: The Southeastern Greyhound Lines) – organized yet another carrier, based in Roanoke, named as the Old Dominion (called also OD) Stages, using the nickname of the state or Commonwealth of Virginia – to run between Knoxville and Washington, DC , via Bristol , Wytheville , Roanoke, Lexington , Staunton , and Winchester , Virginia , along a route which divided between the territories of

SECTION 50

#1732869809672

5200-400: The State Council Concerning the Flotation and Listing Abroad of Stocks by Limited Stock Companies ", " Guidance for the Articles of Listed Company", "Stock Listing Rules of the Shanghai Stock Exchange" and "Stock Listing Rules of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange", the secretary of the Board is classified as the senior management team. From those listing rules, the board secretary, or the secretary of

5300-826: The TWI, its largest competitor , and merged it into the GLI. The lenders and the other investors of the GLI ousted Fred Currey (as the chief executive officer ) after the firm went into bankruptcy in 1990. The GLI has continued to experience difficulties and lackluster performance under a succession of new owners and new executives – while continuing to reduce its level of service – by hauling fewer passengers aboard fewer coaches on fewer trips along fewer routes with fewer stops in fewer communities in fewer states – and by doing so on fewer days – that is, increasingly operating some trips less often than every day (fewer than seven days per week) – and by using fewer through-coaches, thereby requiring passengers to make more transfers (from one coach to another). After

5400-621: The board of directors, in China is comparable as the company secretary in many other countries. In India, "The Institute of Company Secretaries of India" (ICSI) regulates the profession of company secretaries . ICSI is a statutory professional body which has more than 65,000 associate members. Chartered Secretaries are employed as chairs, chief executives and non-executive directors, as well as executives and company secretaries. Some chartered secretaries are also known in their own companies as corporate secretarial executives/managers or corporate secretarial directors. All companies registered under

5500-438: The board of directors. The responsibilities of board secretary include preparing meetings of shareholders and boards of directors, maintaining company records and shareholders information, dealing with information disclosure etc. Relevant listing rules in China further clarify that the secretary of the Board is a managerial position. Such listing rules discuss duties of board secretary in details. According to " Special Provisions of

5600-440: The brand name, trade name, or service name of the Continental Trailways ). [However, Gilmer ended his involvement with the Queen City firm in 1933.] In 1933 Gilmer (along with several other principals of the Queen City Coach Company) joined in forming the Old South Lines, which started running between Charlotte and Atlanta (in Georgia) and between Columbia (in South Carolina) and Atlanta. Gilmer's Old South Lines in 1934 bought

5700-454: The city has a total area of 45.86 square miles (118.8 km ), of which 45.47 square miles (117.8 km ) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km ) (0.85%) is water. Asheville is west of Hickory , northwest of Charlotte , and southwest of Winston-Salem . Asheville features a climate that borders between a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa ) and an oceanic climate ( Trewartha : Do ) with noticeably cooler temperatures than

5800-401: The city paid those debts over a period of fifty years. From the start of the depression through the 1980s, economic growth in Asheville was slow. During this time of financial stagnation, most of the buildings in the downtown district remained unaltered. As a result, Asheville has one of the most impressive, comprehensive collections of Art Deco architecture in the United States. In 1959,

5900-407: The city that celebrated the Confederate States of America or slave owners . In June 2021, Asheville Mayor Esther Manheimer was one of 11 U.S. mayors to form Mayors Organized for Reparations and Equity (MORE), a coalition of municipal leaders dedicated to starting pilot reparations programs in their cities. In September 2024, Hurricane Helene caused catastrophic, record-breaking flooding of

6000-410: The city was: 77.95% White , 17.61% Black or African American, 3.76% Hispanic or Latino American , 0.92% Asian American, 0.35% Native American, 0.06% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander , 1.53% some other race , and 1.58% two or more races . There were 30,690 households, of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 13.0% had

6100-441: The company, the Companies Acts do not expressly state the duties of a secretary. The following statutory duties are commonly, but not exclusively, undertaken by the Company Secretary: The following non-statutory duties are commonly, but not exclusively, undertaken by the Company Secretary: The status of "Chartered Secretary" is reserved for qualifing members of the Irish branch of the Chartered Governance Institute. In Malaysia,

SECTION 60

#1732869809672

6200-451: The corporate secretary is governed by state corporation law in the United States and is commonly, but not exclusively, responsible for the following: The role of the corporate secretary has become increasingly crucial among publicly traded companies in North America, with a growing emphasis on providing guidance on corporate governance matters. Sound corporate governance is deemed essential for both board and company performance, especially in

6300-418: The directors of the company. With the increase in the number of social enterprises and community interest companies there is often a demand for a company secretary in the voluntary and community sectors as well as ordinary private trading companies. A public company in the UK must still have a formally appointed company secretary. Chartered Secretaries are the sixth highest paid employees in the UK according to

6400-413: The east as the Atlantic Ocean, as far to the south as Miami and Key West , and as far to the west as Cincinnati, Saint Louis, Memphis, Baton Rouge , New Orleans, and Lake Charles (in Louisiana and on the way to Houston , the rest of Texas , and the rest of the West ) – from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Ohio River to the Gulf of Mexico.. Thus ended the Atlantic GL and

6500-470: The eve of the Civil War, James W. Patton, son of an Irish immigrant, was the largest enslaver in the county, and had built a luxurious mansion, known as The Henrietta, in Asheville. Buncombe County had the largest number of prominent enslavers in Western North Carolina , many in the professional class based in Asheville, numbering a total of 293 countywide in 1863. Asheville, with a population of about 2,500 by 1861, remained relatively untouched by battles of

6600-443: The execution of their duties it can also create ambiguity as to what is legal advice, protected by privilege, and what is business advice. Asheville Asheville ( / ˈ æ ʃ v ɪ l / ASH -vil ) is a city in and the county seat of Buncombe County, North Carolina , United States. Located at the confluence of the French Broad and Swannanoa rivers, it is the most populous city in Western North Carolina , and

6700-438: The expedition, Major Davidson and other members of his extended family returned to the area and settled at the mouth of Bee Tree Creek. The U.S. Census of 1790 counted 1,000 residents of the area, excluding the Cherokee Native Americans as a separate nation. Buncombe County was officially formed in 1792. In the 1800 US Census, some 107 settlers in the county were enslavers, owning a total of 300 slaves. Total county population

6800-416: The explosive growth of the previous decades, the per capita debt owed by the city (through municipal bonds ) was the highest in the nation. By 1929, both the city and Buncombe County had incurred over $ 56 million in bonded debt to pay for a wide range of municipal and infrastructure improvements, including City Hall, the water system, Beaucatcher Tunnel, and Asheville High School . Rather than default,

6900-670: The eyes of shareholders, particularly institutional investors. In certain corporations, the corporate secretary's function as a corporate governance adviser has been formalized, often reflected in a revised title such as Chief Governance Officer added to their existing designation. In view of the important roles the company secretary plays in business, PLCs and large companies require the company secretary to be suitably trained, experienced and professionally qualified for these responsibilities. Many corporate secretaries of North American public companies are lawyers and some serve as their corporation's general counsel . While this can be helpful in

7000-408: The face of resistance from Brig. Gen. James Green Martin , commander of Confederate troops in western North Carolina. Later, Union forces returned to the area via Howard's Gap and Henderson County . In late April 1865, North Carolina Union troops from the 3rd North Carolina Mounted Infantry , under the overall command of Union Gen. George Stoneman , captured Asheville. After a negotiated departure,

7100-587: The first rail line to reach the city. Almost immediately it was sold and resold to the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company , becoming part of the Southern Railway in 1894. With the completion of the first railway, Asheville developed with steady growth as industrial plants increased in number and size, and new residents built homes. Textile mills were built to process cotton from the region, and other plants were set up to manufacture wood and mica products, foodstuffs, and other commodities. The 21-mile (34 km) distance between Hendersonville and Asheville of

7200-452: The former Asheville and Spartanburg Railroad was completed in 1886. By that point, the line was operated as part of the Richmond and Danville Railroad until 1894 and controlled by the Southern Railway afterward. Asheville had the first electric street railway lines in the state of North Carolina, the first of which opened in 1889. These were replaced by buses in 1934. In 1900, Asheville was

7300-757: The funds used in a refinancing and reorganizing of the Eastern Carolina Coach Company (running between Charlotte and Wilmington , both in North Carolina), which became renamed as the Queen City Coach Company (based in Charlotte), which (sometime about 1939-43) joined the National Trailways association (thus becoming called also the Queen City Trailways), and which in 1966 became bought by the Transcontinental Bus System (using

7400-617: The middle of the 19th century. European Americans began to settle in the area of Asheville in 1784, after the United States gained independence in the American Revolutionary War. In that year, Colonel Samuel Davidson and his family settled in the Swannanoa Valley , redeeming a soldier's land grant from the state of North Carolina made in lieu of pay. Soon after building a log cabin at the bank of Christian Creek, Davidson

7500-470: The most thunderstorms in Asheville is in July but number of days with thunderstorms in July has ranged from as many as 18 days in 2016 to as few as two days in 2008. Notable architecture in Asheville includes its Art Deco Asheville City Hall , and other unique buildings in the downtown area, such as the Battery Park Hotel, the original of which was 475 feet long with numerous dormers and chimneys;

7600-448: The next; accumulation has ranged from trace amounts in 2011–12 to 48.2 inches or 1.2 metres in 1968–69. Freezing rain often occurs, accompanied by significant disruption. Hail is not uncommon during the spring and summer, accompanied by intense severe thunderstorms but the number of days with thunderstorms varies dramatically from year to year ranging from as few as 15 days in 2008 to as many as 44 in 2018. The month that usually experiences

7700-575: The northwest to Abingdon (in Virginia), to the north to Roanoke (in Virginia), and to the east-northeast through Greensboro (in North Carolina) and Danville to Norfolk and to Richmond (all three in Virginia). Hill and Gilmer together organized the National Highway Transport (NHT) Company in December 1929 in Charleston, West Virginia, to buy the capital stock of the Blue and Gray and

7800-491: The oldest and most culturally significant black community in the city. As of the 2020 census , there were 94,589 people, 40,340 households, and 18,902 families residing in the city. At the 2000 census , there were 68,889 people, 30,690 households and 16,726 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,683.4 inhabitants per square mile (650.0/km ). There were 33,567 housing units at an average density of 820.3 per square mile (316.7/km ). The racial composition of

7900-438: The one-third interest of Huguelet in the OD Stages, then they merged OD into their Atlantic GL. The Tennessee Coach Company continued to run that leased segment (between Knoxville and Bristol) – and on that route took part in through-schedules (interlined pool operations) – that is, the use of through-coaches on through-routes running through the territories of two or more operating companies – in cooperation with

8000-609: The permits and certificates of all the predecessor firms. B&G continued to expand, through Portsmouth to Cincinnati and to Columbus (all three in Ohio ), through Wheeling (in West Virginia) to Pittsburgh (in Pennsylvania ), to Lexington (in Virginia ), and to Clarksburg and to Bluefield (both in West Virginia). Meanwhile, in December 1925 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina ,

8100-405: The primary source of advice on the conduct of business and this can span everything from legal advice on conflicts of interest, through accounting advice on financial reports, to the development of strategy and corporate planning. In China, every listed company is required to have a board secretary. According to article 124 of 2005 Company Law, every listed company is required to have a secretary to

8200-434: The record cold daily maximum is 4 °F or −15.6 °C on February 4, 1895, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 77 °F or 25 °C on July 17, 1887. Readings as low as 0 °F (−17.8 °C) or as high as 95 °F (35 °C) rarely occur, the last occurrences being January 7, 2014 and July 1, 2012 , respectively. The average window for freezing temperatures is October 17 to April 18, allowing

8300-609: The remnants of a tropical storm which caused more than $ 3 million in damage. Areas flooded included part of the Biltmore Estate, and the company that ran it sold some of the property to lower their maintenance costs. This area was later developed as an independent jurisdiction known as Biltmore Forest , which is now one of the wealthiest in the country. The Great Depression hit Asheville quite hard. On November 20, 1930, eight local banks failed. Only Wachovia remained open with infusions of cash from Winston-Salem . Because of

8400-511: The rest of the Piedmont region of the Southeast due to the higher elevation; it is part of USDA Hardiness zone 7a. The area's summers in particular, though warm, are not as hot as summers in cities farther east in the state, as the July daily average temperature is 73.8 °F (23.2 °C) and there is an average of only 9.4 afternoons with 90 °F (32.2 °C)+ highs annually; the last time

8500-754: The route between Atlanta and Montgomery (in Alabama) – including an alternate loop through Columbus (in Georgia) – from the Hood Coach Lines, which on that route had begun its first service (from Atlanta to Columbus in 1930, then onward to Montgomery in 1933), and which had soon tried (unsuccessfully) to run additional routes in the Peach State – between Atlanta and Macon , between Macon and Savannah , and between Macon and Jacksonville via Waycross. Hood in November 1934 sold also its other routes – to

8600-699: The sale to the GLI, The Greyhound Corporation changed its name to the Greyhound-Dial Corporation, then the Dial Corporation , then the Viad Corporation . [The contrived name Viad appears to be a curious respelling of the former name Dial – if one scrambles the letters D, I, and A, then turns the V upside down and regards it as the Greek letter lambda – Λ – that is, the Greek equivalent of

8700-548: The site of the river confluence was recorded as Guaxule by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto during his 1540 expedition through this area. His expedition comprised the first European visitors, who carried endemic Eurasian infectious diseases that killed much of the native population. The Cherokee had traditionally used the area by the confluence for open hunting and meeting grounds. They called it Untokiasdiyi or Tokiyasdi (ᏙᎩᏯᏍᏗ in Cherokee), meaning "Where they race", until

8800-707: The south through Columbia and thence to the southeast to Charleston (both in South Carolina ), onward through Savannah (in Georgia ) to Jacksonville (in Florida ), through Augusta and Waycross (both in Georgia) to Jacksonville (along a route from Augusta to Jacksonville acquired in March 1931 from the Greyhound Lines of Georgia, a predecessor of the Southeastern GL), to the west through Boone (in North Carolina) and thence to

8900-663: The state's 11th-most-populous city . According to the 2020 census , the city's population was 94,589, up from 83,393 in the 2010 census . It is the principal city in the three-county Asheville metropolitan area , which had an estimated population of 417,202 in 2023. Before the arrival of the European Colonists , the land where Asheville now exists lay within the boundaries of the Cherokee Nation, which had homelands in modern western North and South Carolina , southeastern Tennessee , and northeastern Georgia . A town at

9000-531: The third-largest city in the state, behind Wilmington and Charlotte . Asheville prospered in the decades of the 1910s and 1920s. During these years, Rutherford P. Hayes , son of President Rutherford B. Hayes , bought land, and worked with the prominent African-American businessman Edward W. Pearson Sr. to develop his land for residential housing known as the African-American Burton Street Community. Hayes also worked to establish

9100-656: The town of Skyland in North Carolina, between Asheville and Greenville), when in May 1929 he founded the Asheville-Knoxville Coach Company.] Further, in 1929 three major players in the developing highway-coach industry – Arthur Hill (of the Blue and Gray Transit Company), John Gilmer (of the Camel City Coach Company), and Guy Huguelet (of the Consolidated Coach Corporation, based in Lexington, Kentucky , which in -36 became renamed as

9200-437: The training and induction of non-executives and trustees, contact with regulatory and external bodies, reports and circulars to shareholders/trustees, management of employee benefits such as pensions and employee share schemes , insurance administration and organisation, the negotiation of contracts, risk management , property administration and organisation and the interpretation of financial accounts. Company secretaries are

9300-525: The use of through-coaches on through-routes running through the territories of two or more Greyhound regional operating companies – between various pairs of cities (first between New York City and Jacksonville), including: in the north, Chicago , Detroit , Cleveland , Pittsburgh, Boston , New York City, and Washington, and in the south, Norfolk, Memphis , Atlanta, Jacksonville, Orlando , Miami , Saint Petersburg , and New Orleans . In November 1960, in another round of consolidation, Greyhound merged

9400-545: The war, he was hired by his former master William W. McDowell to manage the South Asheville Cemetery, a public place for black burials. This is the oldest and largest black public cemetery in the state. By 1943, when the last burial was conducted, it held remains of an estimated 2,000 people. On October 3, 1880, the Western North Carolina Railroad completed its line from Salisbury to Asheville,

9500-481: Was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males. The median household income was $ 32,772, and the median family income was $ 44,029. Males had a median income of $ 30,463, and $ 23,488 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,024. About 13% of families and 19% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over. There are

9600-518: Was 5,812. The county seat, named "Morristown" in 1793, was established on a plateau where two Indian trails crossed. In 1797, Morristown was incorporated and renamed "Asheville" after North Carolina Governor Samuel Ashe . In the 1800s, James McDowell established land for burial of slaves belonging to his and the Smith families in Asheville. His son William Wallace McDowell continued this practice, setting aside about two acres of land for this purpose. On

9700-610: Was catastrophically damaged, leaving most of Asheville without running water. Buildings and bridges were washed away and landslides cut off access to several major interstates including I-40 and I-26, leaving the area largely isolated from the outside. Asheville is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains at the confluence of the Swannanoa River and the French Broad River . According to the United States Census Bureau ,

9800-577: Was here that workers stayed during the construction of George Vanderbilt's estate. The YMI Cultural Center , founded in 1892 by George Vanderbilt in the heart of downtown, is one of the nation's oldest African-American cultural centers. Asheville is the largest city in the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area , as well as the Asheville-Waynesville-Brevard, NC Combined Statistical Area , which includes Buncombe , Haywood , Henderson , Madison , and Transylvania counties, which had

9900-459: Was lured into the woods and killed by a band of Cherokee hunters resisting white encroachment. Davidson's wife, child, and female slave fled on foot overnight to Davidson's Fort (named after Davidson's father General John Davidson) 16 miles away. In response to the killing, Davidson's twin brother Major William Davidson and brother-in-law Colonel Daniel Smith formed an expedition to retrieve Samuel Davidson's body and avenge his murder. Months after

10000-472: Was merged with the old (second) Central GL, thereby forming the Eastern Division of The Greyhound Corporation (called also the new (second) Eastern GL), the first of four huge new divisions (along with Southern, Western, and Central, which last name became used again (in the fifth of six instances) but with a meaning quite different from its other applications). In 1936 The Greyhound Corporation accumulated

#671328