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28-621: The Athenaeum of Philadelphia , located at 219 S. 6th Street between St. James Place and Locust Street in the Society Hill section of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , is a special collections library and museum founded in 1814. The Athenaeum's purpose, according to its organizational principles, is to collect materials "connected with the history and antiquities of America, and the useful arts, and generally to disseminate useful knowledge" for public benefit. The Athenaeum's collections include architecture and interior design history, particularly for

56-404: A Georgian Revival set of buildings designed by Cope and Stewardson at 1631 and 1633 Locust Streets, a Frank Miles Day -designed Medieval mansion at 17th and Locust Streets, and several John Notman -designed houses and St. Mark’s Church on the 1600 block of Locust Street. Since the 18th century, Locust Street has been the residence of several prominent Americans. Between 1838 and 1844,

84-509: A palazzo -style facade, and for its historic importance as an educational institution. It is presently a museum furnished with American fine and decorative arts from the first half of the 19th century. On the right of the athenaeum is the house of Richardson Dilworth , the Mayor of Philadelphia from 1956 to 1962. In 2019, the Athenaeum of Philadelphia entered into an agreement with the libraries of

112-403: A radius of 30 miles of City Hall". Eligible works are of general fiction or non-fiction; technical, scientific, and juvenile books are not included. The award was established in 1950 by Charles Wharton Stork (1881–1971), who was a board member of the Athenaeum from 1919 until 1968. Source: Athenaeum Literary Award previous winners (1949–present) Notes Locust Street Locust Street

140-466: A three-story Greek Revival mansion at 13th and Locust Streets from 1836 until his death in 1881. In 1856, the first Republican nominating convention for president and vice president was held at Musical Fund Hall at 808 Locust Street. On December 9, 1981, at 3:55am, Philadelphia Police Department officer Daniel Faulkner conducted a traffic stop of a vehicle carrying Marxist political activist Mumia Abu-Jamal 's younger brother William Cook at

168-512: Is a major historic street in Center City Philadelphia . The street is the location of several prominent Philadelphia -based buildings, historic sights, and high-rise residential locations. It is an east–west street throughout Center City Philadelphia and runs largely parallel to Chestnut Street , another major Center City Philadelphia street. Locust Street is one of several Philadelphia streets bordering Rittenhouse Square , one of

196-616: Is emphasized in Gothic architecture, which features almost skeletal stone structures with great expanses of glass, pared-down wall surfaces supported by external flying buttresses , pointed arches using the ogive shape, ribbed stone vaults, clustered columns, pinnacles and sharply pointed spires. Windows contain stained glass , showing stories from the Bible and from lives of saints . Such advances in design allowed cathedrals to rise taller than ever. The architecture of religious buildings depended on

224-500: Is identified as 12th century based on its shallow and flat buttresses , emphatic corbel table and apse. The various elements of Gothic architecture emerged in a number of 11th and 12th century building projects, particularly in the Île de France area, but were first combined to form what we would now recognise as a distinctively Gothic style at the 12th century abbey church of Saint-Denis in Saint-Denis , near Paris . Verticality

252-458: Is seen in a large amount of cathedrals and churches in the Romanesque and Gothic styles across Europe. Many religious buildings also had sacred elements such as relics and reliquaries for there patrons and far-off travelers to see that tells the story of saints and other biblical narratives. The different styles during the middle ages caused churches to have different design elements throughout

280-509: Is sometimes called Anglo-Norman, though it continues under the Angevin and Plantagenet rulers. Motifs of Roman origin were common to Norman and Anglo-Saxon architectural styles. Though usually classed broadly as "Romanesque", the period of architecture can now be divided into two stages. The first stage from 1070 A.D. to 1100 A.D. saw the style emerge during the rebuilding of many great churches, Full boxes, and monasteries (surviving examples include

308-609: The Durham Cathedral , Norwich Cathedral and the Peterborough Cathedral ). The second stage lasted from 1100 A.D. to 1170 A.D. when many smaller churches were built and renovated. During this time, the style became more detailed and ornamental. Identifying these latter churches is made difficult due to something called the Saxo-Norman overlap, where many Anglo-Saxon aspects are present in the masonry . The Church at Kilpeck

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336-516: The Italianate style , and was one of the first buildings in the city to be built of brownstone , although it was originally planned to be faced in marble . Brownstone was used because it was cheaper. Notman's design was influenced by the work of the English architect Charles Barry . The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, as one of the nation's first examples of a building with

364-581: The University of Pennsylvania to integrate their two collections, giving borrowing privilege to each other's patrons and making the Athenaeum's collection, which is focused on architecture, the built environment, and the decorative arts, searchable in Penn's online catalog. The Athenaeum Literary Award is a literary award presented by Athenaeum of Philadelphia since 1950. It is awarded to authors who are "bona fide residents of Philadelphia or Pennsylvania living within

392-404: The archers or missile throwers, allowing them to see their targets better. Windows gained a cross-shape for more than decorative purposes, they provided a perfect fit for a crossbowman to shoot invaders from inside safely. Moats were used as a defensive mechanism for keeping attackers further away from the fort, while most were kept dry, moats were much more effective when wet. While much of

420-538: The 11th and 12th centuries, was the first pan-European style since Roman Imperial architecture and examples are found in every part of the continent. The term was not contemporary with the art it describes, but rather, is an invention of modern scholarship based on its similarity to Roman Architecture in forms and materials. Romanesque is characterized by a use of round or slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, and cruciform piers supporting vaults. Romanesque buildings are widely known throughout Europe. The Romanesque style

448-504: The Middle Ages to display the power of the lords of the land and reassure common folk in their protection of property and livelihood. In the early Middle Ages, fortifications were made from wood and earth, these were called Motte and bailey castles . These consist of a stockade or palisade surrounding an enclosed courtyard and man-made mound. This fortification acted as a passive obstacle that potential enemies would have to face to attack

476-415: The civilization. However, this method of fortification had its downside including being vulnerable to fires so more methods of fortification were created. Military architecture began to start being created with stone in the 11th century , it was also used to indicate wealth and power of the are protected with it. Stone was much more durable and provided better defense for the people. They also began to adopt

504-569: The famed author and poet Edgar Allan Poe lived at four different locations in Philadelphia, including one residence at 16th and Locust Streets. While in Philadelphia, Poe authored 31 stories, including " The Murders in the Rue Morgue " in 1841 and " The Gold-Bug " and " The Tell-Tale Heart ", both in 1843. Robert Patterson , a Union Army general during the American Civil War , resided at

532-533: The five original parks established by the city's founder, William Penn . Locust Street is now a hybrid of commercial and residential buildings. It historically was exclusively a residential street with mansions and home to many of the city's most affluent residents. The street includes historical building structures designed by some of the Gilded Age 's preeminent architects, including a Horace Trumbauer -designed Beaux-Arts limestone building at 1629 Locust Street,

560-479: The intersection of 13th and Locust Streets. During the stop, Faulkner and Cook became engaged in a physical confrontation. Driving his cab in the vicinity, Abu-Jamal observed the altercation, parked, and ran across the street toward Cook's car. Faulkner was shot in the back and face. He shot Abu-Jamal in the stomach. Faulkner died at the scene from the gunshot to his head, and Abu-Jamal was treated for his wounds at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital , recovered, and

588-414: The location of several major Philadelphia -based non-profit and historical organizations, including: PATCO Speedline operates three subway station on Locust Street: Medieval architecture The pre-Romanesque period of medieval architecture lasted from the beginning of the Middle Ages (around 500AD) to the emergence of the Romanesque style in the 10th century. Much of the notable architecture from

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616-652: The medieval period had a large amount of meaning behind the elements they contained. Many columns or portals for religious buildings tell a story or have some kind of religious symbolism. Some of the commonly displayed biblical narratives are the creation story of Adam and Eve, and judgement day invoking visuals of sin and fear for the viewer. A few examples of these elements are west tympanum of Saint-Lazare , and Lorenzo Ghiberti’s Gates of Paradise . Surviving examples of medieval secular architecture mainly served for defense, these include forts , castles , tower houses , and fortified walls . Fortifications were built during

644-437: The period 1800 to 1945. The institution focuses on the history of American architecture and building technology, and houses architectural archives of 180,000 drawings, over 350,000 photographs, and manuscript holdings of about 1,000 American architects. Since 1950, the Athenaeum has sponsored the annual Athenaeum Literary Award for works of fiction and non-fiction. The building was designed in 1845 by architect John Notman in

672-708: The period comes from France and Germany, under the Merovingians and the Carolingians and the Ottonians . Nonetheless, other regions have strong architectural heritage from this period, including Iberia (especially in Asturias ), Croatia , and Great Britain . In Lombardy, the pre-Romanesque style included many Romanesque features and is therefore known as the First Romanesque . Romanesque, prevalent in medieval Europe during

700-458: The religion it served, the region it was located in, and the style during the time. Although it is common to see in many floor plans of medieval religious structures a nave -the central part of the church building, transepts -isle crossing the nave, and an altar located on the east side forming the shape of the Latin cross . The buildings with this floor plan are considered cruciform churches, which

728-587: The time period. In the Romanesque period a common religious building was the basilica . This structures were tall with a rather simple design of a nave, an alter, transepts, and clerestory windows. Gothic cathedrals had features such as stain glass, ribbed vaults, tall piers, buttresses , and pinnacles their structure is very unique due to these details. The cathedrals are also identifiable due to their height, stone structure, and wooden roofs. Some examples of these religious structures are St. Peter's Basilica , and Cologne Cathedral . Religious structures during

756-511: The use of cylindrical ground plans. There were many benefits to a cylindrical shape, it reduced blindspots, they were more resistant, and was especially fireproof. Some examples of cylindrical fortifications are the gate towers at Harlech Castle and the Tour des Pénitents. Medieval Fortifications also displayed many different defensive elements including, hoardings , loopholes or crosslets, and moats . Hoarding and loopholes were both beneficial for

784-446: Was charged with first-degree murder of Faulkner. In May 1983, Abu-Jamal was convicted and sentenced to death in May 1983. The death sentence was later dropped, but Abu-Jamal's conviction became a global controversy and subject of extensive attention in popular culture , including four documentaries, multiple books, and multiple songs and references in contemporary music. Locust Street is

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