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68-400: The plateau's elevation averages 4,500 m (14,800 ft) above sea level, and it spans an area of 180,000 km (69,000 sq mi). In Argentina, Puna's territory is extended in the provinces of Salta , Jujuy , and western Catamarca . In Chile, it is included in the regions of Antofagasta and north-eastern Atacama . In December 2023, scientists, for the first time, reported

136-533: A criado or servant of Don Luis Gonzalez de Polanco, one of the four Alcaldes de la Casa y Corte de Su Majestad and later a Counselor of the Catholic Monarchs . While living in Seville, Almagro stabbed another servant in an argument, inflicting serious enough injuries that he was to be tried in court. Don Luis, using his influence, prevailed upon Don Pedro Arias Dávila to allow Almagro to embark in one of

204-551: A thick jungle that extends in a narrow strip along these ranges, creating an area of great species diversity. At higher altitudes on these slopes, the climate is cooler and more humid, with the vegetation consisting of deciduous and pine trees. Between the high altitudes to the west and the low plains to the east lie the valleys. The climate of these valleys is either humid subtropical with dry winters ( Köppen Cwa ) or subtropical highland ( Cwb ), favouring human settlement and agricultural activities. Mean annual precipitation

272-465: A few Sefardim families. The province is governed as representative and republican form of government. The provincial government is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative ; and the judiciary , headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution of Salta Province forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina,

340-669: A las Nubes ("Train to the Clouds") crosses canyons and cliffs before arriving at the 3,775 metres altitude (12,500 feet) of San Antonio de los Cobres . The red-rock formations of the Valles Calchaquíes and the wine-town of Cafayate are the second most visited place in the province. Many visit the Cachi mountains and the villages (such as Payogasta ) around it. There are three national parks in Salta: El Rey National Park in

408-650: A place in Catamarca Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a place in Jujuy Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a place in Salta Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Antofagasta Region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Atacama Region location article

476-541: A recently discovered area on the current planet Earth , particularly in the Puna's territory, which may be similar to ancient Earth, and the related environment of the first life forms on Earth - as well as - similar to possibly hospitable conditions on the planet Mars during earlier Martian times. Before the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), the region belonged to Bolivia . In 1898, it

544-620: A requirement in 1534 by the Spanish king and was officially declared governor of New Toledo. Once he left Moina, De Almagro followed the Inca trail followed by 750 Spaniards deciding to join him in quest for the gold lost in the ransom of Atahualpa , which had mainly benefited the Pizarro brothers and their supporters. After crossing the Bolivian mountain range and traveling past Lake Titicaca , Almagro arrived on

612-588: A significant role in Salta, adding 20% to the economy. Gas and petroleum from the Tartagal , Aguas Blancas , Madrejones and Campo Durán centres is transported to Buenos Aires and Rosario by pipes. There is also an oil refinery located at Campo Durán. Mining includes uranium at Iruya , La Poma and San Carlos ; and silver at the Diablillos mine . Agriculture and its derived industries are still an important activity in

680-413: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Salta Province Salta ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsalta] ) is a province of Argentina , located in the northwest of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the east clockwise Formosa , Chaco , Santiago del Estero , Tucumán and Catamarca . It also surrounds Jujuy . To the north it borders Bolivia and Paraguay and to

748-459: Is around 1,000 mm (39 in), most of it during summer. Mean temperatures exceed 20 °C (68.0 °F) during the summer, while during winter, they are below 14 °C (57.2 °F). Further west, the Altiplano is a plateau at 3,000 to 4,000 metres (9,800 to 13,100 ft) above sea level. This region has a cool semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ): high temperatures vary little (since

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816-584: Is both an important tourist destination, and the centre point for visiting the rest of the province. The city holds different attractions; among them are its colonial houses and cathedral, and the Museum of High Altitude Archaeology (Spanish: Museo de Arqueología de Alta Montaña de Salta ) that holds the three frozen Inca mummies found at the Llullaillaco volcano and known as the Children of Llullaillaco . The Tren

884-611: The Capitulation on 6 July 1529. During Pizarro's continued exploration of Incan territory, he and his men succeeded in defeating the Inca army under Emperor Atahualpa during the Battle of Cajamarca in 1532. De Almagro joined Pizarro soon afterward, bringing more men and arms. After Peru fell to the Spanish, both Pizarro and De Almagro initially worked together in the founding of new cities to consolidate their dominions. As such, Pizarro dispatched De Almagro to pursue Quizquiz , fleeing to

952-577: The Guaraní (13.7%). As well, only 4,189 persons declared themselves to be Afro-Argentine . The province hosts a diverse foreign community: Christian Levantines of Syrian - Lebanese origin, Spaniards and Italians make up the largest groups. A small Ukrainian community has been there since the collapse of the Soviet Union and an Indian Sikh community has been living in Rosario de la Frontera since

1020-621: The Pacific Ocean was first called by the Spanish. Current historians do not believe that Almagro was expected to participate in Balboa's expedition and probably returned to Darien. Almagro took part in the various expeditions that took place in the Gulf of Panama , including those of Espinosa, which were supported by Balboa's ships. Almagro was recorded as a witness on the lists of natives whom Espinosa ordered to be carried. He remained as an early settler in

1088-586: The Viceroyalty of Peru as late as 1826. Gervasio de Posadas created the province of Salta in 1814, containing the current provinces of Salta, Jujuy , and parts of southern Bolivia and northern Chile . Exploiting internal Argentine conflicts that arose after the Argentine Declaration of Independence , Bolivia annexed Tarija in 1826. In 1834, Jujuy withdrew from Salta and became a separate province. The borders of Salta were further reduced in 1900, with

1156-527: The Yungas jungle, Baritú National Park and Los Cardones National Park . Ethno-racial groups in Salta (2022 census) According to the results from the 2010 census [ INDEC ] , the province has a population of 1,214,441. It constitutes 3.0% of the total population in Argentina. This represented a 12.5% increase in the population compared to 2001 census [ INDEC ] which had 1,079,051 inhabitants. 6.5% of

1224-598: The conquest of Peru and the awards every conquistador would receive from it. Long before, however, each conquistador had promised to equally split the benefits. Pizarro managed to have a larger stake and awards for himself. Despite this, De Almagro still obtained an important fortune for his services, and the King awarded him in November 1532 the noble title of "Don" and he was assigned a personal coat of arms. Although by this time Diego de Almagro had already acquired sufficient wealth in

1292-957: The 1940s. Other foreign people settled in the province are the Greek Cypriots , the Chinese , the Germans , the Francs , the Chileans , the Bolivians , the Paraguayans and the Slavs from the Adriatic (mainly Serbs and Croats ). The Jewish community has a synagogue and the Muslims have a mosque, both in Salta City. Salta's Jews are mostly of Ashkenazim origin, but there are also

1360-562: The 20th of that month. Meanwhile, Francisco Pizarro's brother, Juan Pizarro, had arrested Inca Manco Inca Yupanqui , further complicating De Almagro's plans as it heavily increased the dissatisfaction of the Indians submitted to Spanish rule. Not having formally been appointed governor of any territories in the Capitulation of Toledo in 1528, however, forcing him to declare himself adelantado (governor) of Nueva Toledo, or southern Peru and present-day Chile. Some sources suggest Almagro received such

1428-530: The Inca Empire's northern city of Quito . Their fellow conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar , who had gone forth without Pizarro's approval, had already reached Quito and witnessed the destruction of the city by Inca general Rumiñawi . The Inca warrior had ordered the city to be burned and its gold to be buried at an undisclosed location where the Spanish could never find it. The arrival of Pedro de Alvarado from Guatemala, in search of Inca gold further complicated

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1496-469: The Río de la Plata . In 1774, San Ramón de La Nueva Orán was founded between Salta and Tarija (Tarija was added to the intendency later, in 1807). In 1783, in recognition of the growing importance of the city, the capital of the intendency of Salta del Tucumán was moved from San Miguel de Tucumán to Salta. The battle of Salta in 1813 freed the territory from Spain , but occasional attacks were mounted from

1564-631: The Spaniards by this time. Hernando Pizarro 's men formed an uneasy truce with De Almagro's men, surveying to determine the boundaries of their leaders' royal grants. They needed to determine in which portion the city of Cuzco was located. However, De Almagro's troops quickly took the city and imprisoned the Pizarro brothers , Hernando and Gonzalo, on the night of 8 April 1537. After occupying Cuzco, De Almagro confronted an army sent by Francisco Pizarro to liberate his brothers. Alonso de Alvarado commanded it and

1632-409: The Spanish forces. The exploration of the territories of Nueva Toledo, which lasted 2 years, was marked by a complete failure for De Almagro. Despite this, at first he thought staying and founding a city would serve well for his honor. The initial optimism that led Almagro to bring his son he had with the indigenous Panamanian Ana Martínez to Chile had faded. Some historians have suggested that, but for

1700-562: The Spanish from valleys of Chile was violent: Almagro authorized his soldiers to ransack the natives' properties, leaving their soil desolate. In addition, the Spanish soldiers took natives captive to serve as slaves. The locals were captured, tied together, and forced to carry the heavy loads belonging to the conquistadors. After the exhausting crossing of the Atacama Desert , mainly due to the harsh weather conditions, Almagro finally reached Cuzco, Peru, in 1537. According to some authors, it

1768-406: The Spanish, but they desisted, not understanding the dangers that they posed. De Almagro directed Gómez de Alvarado along with 100 horsemen and 100 foot to continue the exploration, which ended in the confluence of the Ñuble and Itata rivers. The Battle of Reinohuelén between the Spanish and Mapuche indigenous peoples forced the explorers to return to the north. De Almagro's own reconnaissance of

1836-403: The area was Diego de Almagro in 1535; he was followed by Diego de Rojas. Hernando de Lerma founded San Felipe de Lerma in 1582, following orders of the viceroy Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa ; the name of the city was soon changed to "San Felipe de Salta". By 1650, the city had around five hundred inhabitants. An intendency of "Salta del Tucumán" was created within the Viceroyalty of

1904-496: The city permanently, but was buying time to organize an army strong enough to defeat Almagro's troops. During this time De Almagro fell ill, and Pizarro and his brothers grabbed the opportunity to defeat him and his followers. The Almagristas were defeated at Las Salinas in April 1538, with Orgóñez being killed on the field of battle. De Almagro fled to Cuzco, still in the hands of his loyal supporters, but found only temporary refuge;

1972-466: The conquest of Peru and was living a luxurious life in Cuzco, the prospect of conquering the lands further south was very attractive to him. Given that the dispute with Pizarro over Cuzco had kept intensifying, Almagro spent a great deal of time and money equipping a company of 500 men for a new exploration south of Peru. By 1534 the Spanish crown had determined to split the region in two parallel lines, forming

2040-481: The control of the Incan capital of Cuzco. After splitting the treasure of Inca emperor Atahualpa, both Pizarro and Almagro left towards Cuzco and took the city in 1533. However, De Almagro's friendship with Pizarro showed signs of deterioration in 1526 when Pizarro, in the name of the rest of the conquistadors, called forth the "Capitulacion de Toledo" law in which King Charles I of Spain had laid out his authorization for

2108-502: The control of the former Inca capital of Cuzco erupted into a civil war between the two bands of conquistadores. In the battle of Las Salinas in 1538, Almagro was defeated by the Pizarro brothers and months later he was executed. The origins of Diego de Almagro were humble. He was born in 1475 in the village of Almagro or in Malagón , in Ciudad Real , where he was given the name of

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2176-469: The first time was designated as a captain. During this expedition, which lasted 14 months, Almagro, Pizarro and Hernando de Luque became close friends. Also during this time Almagro established a friendship with Vasco Núñez de Balboa , who was in charge of Acla. Almagro wanted to have a ship built with the remaining materials of the Espinosa expedition, to be finished on the coast of the "Great South Sea", as

2244-450: The forces of the Pizarro brothers entered the city without resistance. Once captured, Almagro was humiliated by Hernando Pizarro and his requests to appeal to the King were ignored. When Diego de Almagro begged for his life, Hernando responded: "-he was surprised to see Almagro demean himself in a manner so unbecoming a brave cavalier, that his fate was no worse than had befallen many a soldier before him; and that, since God had given him

2312-439: The formation of clouds that generate copious amounts of rain. The eastern slopes of the mountains receive between 1,000 to 1,500 mm (39 to 59 in) of precipitation a year, although some places receive up to 2,500 mm (98 in) of precipitation annually owing to orographic precipitation . Most of the precipitation is concentrated in the summer, with winters being dry. The high rainfall on these first slopes creates

2380-683: The foundation of the Peruvian city of Trujillo , which Almagro named as "Villa Trujillo de Nueva Castilla" (the Village of Trujillo in New Castille) in honor of Francisco Pizarro's birthplace, Trujillo in Extremadura, Spain. These events were the height of the Pizarro-Almagro friendship, which historians describe as one of the last events in which their friendship soon faded and entered a period of turmoil for

2448-506: The governorship of "Nueva Castilla" (from the 1° to the 14° latitude, close to Pisco ), and that of "Nueva Toledo" (from the 14° to the 25° latitude, in Taltal , Chile), assigning the first to Francisco Pizarro and the second to Diego de Almagro. The crown had previously assigned Almagro the governorship of Cuzco, and as such De Almagro was heading there when Charles V divided the territory between Nueva Castilla and Nuevo Toledo. This might have been

2516-524: The grace to be a Christian, he should employ his remaining moments in making up his account with Heaven!" Almagro was condemned to death and executed by garrote in his dungeon, and then decapitated, on July 8, 1538. His corpse was taken to the public Plaza Mayor of Cuzco , where a herald proclaimed his crimes. Hernán Ponce de León took his body and buried him in the church of Our Lady of Mercy in Cuzco. Diego de Almagro II (1520–1542), known as El Mozo (The Lad), son of Diego de Almagro I, whose mother

2584-408: The home of his mother, who was now living with her new husband, to tell her what had happened and that he was going to travel the world, and asked for some bread. His mother, anguished, gave him a piece of bread and some coins and said: "Take, son, and do not give me more trouble, and go, and God help you in your adventure." He went to Seville and after probably stealing to survive, Almagro became

2652-410: The land and the bad news of Gómez de Alvarado's encounter with the fierce Mapuche, along with the bitter cold winter that settled ferociously upon them, only served to confirm that everything had failed. He never found gold or the cities which Incan scouts had told him lay ahead, only communities of the indigenous population who lived from subsistence agriculture . Local tribes put up fierce resistance to

2720-480: The leadership of Dávila. The expedition arrived at the city of Santa María la Antigua del Darién , Panama , where many other future conquistadors were already assembled, among them Francisco Pizarro. There are not many details of Almagro's activities during this period, but it is known that he accompanied various sailors who departed from Darien between 1514 and 1515. He eventually returned and settled in Darien, where he

2788-620: The loss of Yacuiba to Bolivia. The National Government of Los Andes, constituted from the province in 1902 with a capital at San Antonio de los Cobres , was returned to Salta Province in 1943 as the Department of Los Andes . Antonio Alice 's painting, La muerte de Güemes , which received a gold medal at the Centenary Exposition, is on display at the offices of the Salta Provincial Government. The total land area of

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2856-815: The most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Salta Provincial Police . The province is divided in 23 departments ( Spanish : departamentos ), containing 59 municipalities ( Spanish : municipios ). The capital of the province is the city of Salta, which is where the provincial government is located at. 24°47′S 65°25′W  /  24.783°S 65.417°W  / -24.783; -65.417 Diego de Almagro Diego de Almagro ( Spanish: [ˈdjeɣo ðe alˈmaɣɾo] ; c.  1475 – July 8, 1538), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo ,

2924-495: The most important of them. The famous wines of the Valles Calchaquíes region (mainly Torrontés , Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon ) near Cafayate are produced in numerous vineyards of diverse sizes. American breeds of cattle are raised only on the humid subtropical east, along with some sheep and goats . The Salta province is home to a number of natural, social and historic attractions. The provincial capital city, also named Salta and nicknamed "La Linda" ("The beautiful")

2992-461: The name of King Charles V . De Almagro promptly initiated the exploration of the new territory, starting up the valley the Aconcagua River , where he was well received by the natives. However, the intrigues of his interpreter, Felipillo , who had previously helped Pizarro in dealing with Atahualpa , almost thwarted De Almagro's efforts. Felipillo had secretly urged the local natives to attack

3060-416: The newly founded city of Panama, staying there for four years, managing his properties and those of Pizarro. He took Ana Martínez, an indigenous woman, as a common-law wife. In this period, his first son, El Mozo , was born to them. By some accounts it was Almagro's former black African slave Malgarida who was the mother of Diego de Almagro II. By 1524 an association of conquest regarding South America

3128-495: The population or 79,204 persons declared themselves as having Indigenous background , making it one of the provinces that has a high percentage of indigenous people, being ranked 5th behind Chubut , Neuquén , Jujuy and Río Negro . The most populous indigenous groups in the province are the Wichí , which make up 24.9% of the total indigenous population followed by the Kolla (21.6%), and

3196-518: The province have a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ) with a rainy season in the summer. The mean annual temperature and precipitation are 20 °C (68.0 °F) and 500 millimetres (19.7 in). Temperatures can reach up to 47 °C or 116.6 °F during summer, while they can fall down to −5 °C or 23 °F during winter. The first slopes of the Andes force the moist, easterly winds to rise, provoking very high condensation leading to

3264-583: The province is 155,488 km (60,034 sq mi), making it the sixth largest province by area in Argentina. The main rivers of the province are the Pilcomayo , Bermejo , and the Juramento, which later becomes the Salado River . Salta Province is located at a geologically active region, and suffers from occasional earthquakes . There have been four earthquakes of note in the province: The 1692 earthquake

3332-454: The province, adding over 10% to output. Tobacco , sugar cane and viticulture are the most important and produce most of the exports from the area. Other crops mostly for local consumption are maize , beans , citrus , bananas , and tomatoes . The sugar cane is processed in plants in Salta before it is sent to the rest of Argentina and other countries. The plant in San Martín de Tabacal is

3400-562: The reason why Almagro did not immediately confront Pizarro for Cuzco, and promptly decided to embark on his new quest for the discovery of the riches of Chile. Charles V had given Diego a grant extending two hundred leagues south of Francisco Pizarro's. Francisco and Diego concluded a new contract on 12 June 1535, in which they agreed to share future discoveries equally. Diego raised an expedition for Chile, expecting it "would lead to even greater riches than they had found in Peru." Almagro prepared

3468-601: The ships going to the New World from the port of Sanlucar de Barrameda . The Casa de Contratacion (royal agency for the Spanish Empire ) required that the men who crossed the Atlantic provide their own weapons, clothes, and farming tools, which Don Polanco provided to his servant. Diego de Almagro, now in his late thirties, arrived in the New World on June 30, 1514, with the expedition that Ferdinand II of Aragon had sent under

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3536-724: The shores of the Desaguadero River and finally set up camp in Tupiza. From there, the expedition stopped at Chicoana and then turned to the southeast to cross the Andes mountains. The expedition turned out to be a difficult and exhausting endeavor. The hardest phase was the crossing of the Andean cordilleras: the cold, hunger and tiredness meant the death of various Spanish and natives, but mainly slaves who were not accustomed to such rigorous climate. Upon this point, De Almagro determined everything

3604-513: The situation for Almagro and Belalcázar. Alvarado's presence, however, did not last long as he left South America in exchange for monetary compensation from Pizarro. In an attempt to claim Quito ahead of Belalcázar, in August 1534 De Almagro founded a city on the shores of Laguna de Colta (Colta Lake) in the foothills of Chimborazo, some 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of present-day Quito, and named it "Santiago de Quito." Four months later would come

3672-453: The urging of his senior explorers, De Almagro would probably have stayed permanently in Chile. He was urged to return to Peru and this time take definitive possession of Cuzco , so as to consolidate an inheritance for his son. Dismayed with his experience in the south, Almagro made plans of return to Peru. He never officially founded a city in the territory of what is now Chile. The withdrawal of

3740-508: The village for his surname as he was the illegitimate son of Juan de Montenegro and Elvira Gutiérrez. In order to preserve the honor of his mother, her relatives took the infant Diego to the nearby town of Bolaños de Calatrava , where he was raised by Sancha López del Peral, later moving to Aldea del Rey . At the age of four he returned to Almagro, and was placed under the tutelage of an uncle named Hernán Gutiérrez. At age fifteen he ran away from home because of his uncle's harshness. He went to

3808-465: The warmer season is cloudy, and the cooler sunny), ranging from 14 to 21 °C or 57.2 to 69.8 °F; night temperatures go from 6 °C or 42.8 °F in midsummer, to −8 °C or 17.6 °F in midwinter, and extremes under −15 °C or 5 °F might be recorded. All rain falls exclusively in the summer, with annual totals between 200 and 400 millimetres or 8 and 16 inches. Several salt flats exist in this area. The highest altitudes found in

3876-593: The way by sending ahead three of his Spanish soldiers, the religious chief of the Inca empire, Willaq Umu , and Paullo Topa, brother of Manco Inca Yupanqui . De Almagro sent Juan de Saavedra forward with one hundred and fifty men, and soon followed them with additional forces. Saavedra established on January 23, 1535, the first Spanish settlement in Bolivia near the Inca regional capital of Paria . Almagro left Cuzco on July 3, 1535, with his supporters and stopped at Moina until

3944-706: The west lies Chile . Before the Spanish conquest , numerous native peoples (now called Diaguitas and Calchaquíes ) lived in the valleys of what is now Salta Province; they formed many different tribes, the Quilmes and Humahuacas among them, which all shared the Cacán language. The Atacamas lived in the Puna , and the Wichís (Matacos), in the Chaco region . The first conquistador to venture into

4012-481: The western parts of the province have a cool arid climate ( Köppen BWk ), with large diurnal ranges (temperature range between day and night). Salta's economy is relatively underdeveloped, yet diverse. Its economy in 2006 was estimated at US$ 5.141 billion or, US$ 4,764 per capita, 45% below the national average. In 2012, its economy was estimated at $ 30.613 billion pesos (about US$ 6.743 billion) or $ 23,971 pesos (about US$ 5,280) per capita. Manufacturing plays

4080-491: Was a Spanish conquistador known for his exploits in western South America. He participated with Francisco Pizarro in the Spanish conquest of Peru . While subduing the Inca Empire he laid the foundation for Quito and Trujillo as Spanish cities in present-day Ecuador and Peru, respectively. From Peru, Almagro led the first Spanish military expedition to central Chile . Back in Peru, a longstanding conflict with Pizarro over

4148-476: Was a failure. He ordered a small group under Rodrigo Orgóñez on a reconnaissance of the country to the south. By luck, these men found the Valley of Copiapó , where Gonzalo Calvo Barrientos, a Spanish soldier whom Pizarro had expelled from Peru for stealing objects the Inca had offered for his ransom, had already established a friendship with the local natives. There, in the valley of the river Copiapó, Almagro took official possession of Chile and claimed it in

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4216-464: Was an Indian girl of Panama , became the foil of the conspirators who had put Pizarro to the sword. Pizarro was murdered on June 26, 1541; the conspirators promptly proclaimed the lad De Almagro Governor of Peru. From various causes, all of the conspirators either died or were killed except for one, who was executed after the lad Almagro gave an order. The lad De Almagro fought the desperate battle of Chupas on September 16, 1542, escaped to Cuzco , but

4284-486: Was ceded to Argentina in exchange for recognition of Tarija as part of Bolivia. Chile, which had annexed the Litoral Province from Bolivia, declared the exchange illegal. The border was defined in 1899 after the Puna de Atacama dispute . Of the 75,000 km in dispute, 64,000 (85%) were awarded to Argentina and 11,000 (15%) to Chile. 23°27′36″S 67°21′36″W  /  23.46000°S 67.36000°W  / -23.46000; -67.36000 This article about

4352-402: Was defeated during the Battle of Abancay on July 12, 1537. He and some of his men were imprisoned. Later, Gonzalo Pizarro and De Alvarado escaped prison. Subsequent negotiations between Francisco Pizarro and De Almagro concluded with the liberation of Hernando, the third Pizarro brother, in return for conceding control and administration of Cuzco to De Almagro. Pizarro never intended to give up

4420-430: Was during this time that the Spanish term " roto " (torn), used by Peruvians to refer to Chileans, was first coined. De Almagro's disappointed troops returned to Cuzco with their "torn clothes" due to the extensive and laborious passage on foot by the Atacama Desert. After his return, De Almagro was surprised to learn of the Inca Manco 's rebellion. Diego de Almagro sent an embassy to the Inca, but they mistrusted all of

4488-466: Was formalized among De Almagro, Pizarro and Luque. By the beginning of August 1524, they had received the requisite permission to discover and conquer lands further south. In the first expedition, De Almagro lost his eye to an arrow shot at the Battle of Punta Quemada . He subsequently remained in Panama to recruit men and gather supplies for the expeditions led by Pizarro. After several expeditions to South America, Pizarro secured his stay in Peru with

4556-446: Was granted an encomienda , building a house and making a living from agriculture. Almagro undertook his first independent conquest on November 1515, commanding 260 men as he founded Villa del Acla , named after the Indian place. Due to illness he had to hand over command to Gaspar de Espinosa . Espinosa decided to undertake a new expedition, which departed in December 1515 with 200 men, including Almagro and Francisco Pizarro, who for

4624-414: Was the inspiration for Salta's annual citywide festival, held on 16 September, in honor of El Señor y la Virgen del Milagro. Although Salta Province is located near the Tropic of Capricorn , it has a wide range of climates due to variation in altitude and the influence of orography. The orientation of the Andes influences the distribution of precipitation within the province. The easternmost parts of

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