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101-502: At the Drive-In was an American post-hardcore band from El Paso, Texas , formed in 1994. The band's most recent line-up consisted of Cedric Bixler-Zavala (vocals), Omar Rodríguez-López (guitar, vocals), Paul Hinojos (bass), Tony Hajjar (drums) and Keeley Davis (guitar, vocals). After several early line-up changes, the band solidified into a five-piece, consisting of Bixler-Zavala, Rodríguez-López, Jim Ward , Hinojos and Hajjar. At

202-421: A "vital commercial force," adding that Relationship of Command "is the high against which every post-hardcore record since 2000 has been measured." In October 2011, Rock Sound magazine inducted Relationship of Command into Rock Sound's Hall Of Fame . Their writer Ryan Bird spoke about the legacy of the album, stating that "though At the Drive-In may not have built the road, they were most certainly leading

303-655: A Friend took significant influence from heavy metal bands like Pantera as well as hardcore bands like the Hope Conspiracy . Post-hardcore achieved mainstream success with the success of emo post-hardcore bands such as My Chemical Romance , Senses Fail , Alexisonfire , Taking Back Sunday , Brand New , Thrice , AFI , the Used , Silverstein , From First To Last , Thursday and Hawthorne Heights . Some bands also began to incorporate progressive elements; with bands such as Chiodos , Scary Kids Scaring Kids , Circa Survive ,

404-528: A classic. The group also garnered recognition for their activism, cheaply priced shows and CDs, and their resistance to mainstream outlets. On the other hand, Jawbox had been influenced by "the tradition of Chicago's thriving early-'80s scene", while the Nation of Ulysses are "best remembered for lifting the motor-mouthed revolutionary rhetoric of the MC5 " with the incorporation of "elements of R&B (as filtered through

505-508: A closer resemblance to the post-hardcore bands of the 1980s and 1990s. Hardcore punk typically features very fast tempos, loud volume, and heavy bass levels, as well as a "do-it-yourself" ethic . Music database AllMusic stated "These newer bands, termed post-hardcore, often found complex and dynamic ways of blowing off steam that generally went outside the strict hardcore realm of 'loud fast rules'. Additionally, many of these bands' vocalists were just as likely to deliver their lyrics with

606-427: A drummer, his technique is particularly unusual. He plays a right-handed set up, playing right-handed, but switching to his naturally more dominant left hand during fills and rolls. In 2006 Hajjar released a 16-minute short film entitled "Eme Nakia" ( Arabic for Mother Nakia , Hajjar's mother's name) as part of a special edition of Sparta's album, Threes following Hajjar's early life story. This article on

707-484: A lot of personal things. A lot of it we've dealt with already and I've apologized for a lot of things I've said and the way it ended... we'll see what happens." In response to Bixler-Zavala's comments, guitarist Jim Ward quickly quashed rumors of a reunion by stating "I don't think that I'll be answering any questions or doing any interviews anymore, thank you very much. I haven't got much to say about anything except with songs which I will continue to make and release." At

808-482: A month vacation (Jim Ward remained on vacation until the recording of In/Casino/Out ) before rehearsing for their next record and subsequent tour. Following the recording of Acrobatic Tenement in July 1996, the final line-up of At the Drive-In fell into place with the addition of Tony Hajjar and Paul Hinojos and with Omar Rodríguez-López transitioning from bass to guitar. At the Drive-In's third EP titled El Gran Orgo

909-779: A more alternative rock direction. Following the break-up of At the Drive-In, Bixler-Zavala and Rodríguez-López focused on their dub side-project De Facto , before starting The Mars Volta . This project was a departure from their previous work, as it pursued the progressive rock sound that they had been interested in. Meanwhile, the other members – Ward, Hinojos, and Hajjar – started the more traditional band Sparta . Hinojos would then leave Sparta to join Bixler-Zavala and Rodríguez-López in The Mars Volta from 2005 to 2009. The Mars Volta disbanded in 2013, and Rodríguez-López went on to play with Bosnian Rainbows , while Bixler-Zavala started

1010-511: A more experimental turn in hardcore that paved the way for later Dischord releases. The band, which included MacKaye, Picciotto, and former Rites of Spring drummer Brendan Canty along with bassist Joe Lally , issued in 1989 13 Songs , a compilation of their earlier self-titled and Margin Walker EPs, which is now considered a landmark album. Similarly, the band's debut studio album, 1990's Repeater , has also been "generally" regarded as

1111-532: A new band called Zavalaz . Bixler-Zavala and Rodríguez-López eventually reunited once again and formed Antemasque in 2014. During an interview with Drowned in Sound in June 2009, Bixler-Zavala stated that he had been in discussions with the band's former members and suggested that they could get back together after they sorted their financial business out. He added, "I wouldn't mind it. It might happen, we just have to iron out

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1212-462: A time when many independent bands were eagerly reaching out for the major-label brass ring". The band's music, punctuated by the use of a drum machine , has also been seen as influential to industrial rock , while Blush has also described the Albini-fronted project as "an angst-ridden response to the rigid English post-punk of Gang of Four". After the issuing of the " Il Duce " single and between

1313-454: A whispered croon as they were a maniacal yelp." AllMusic also claims that post-hardcore bands find creative ways to build and release tension rather than "airing their dirty laundry in short, sharp, frenetic bursts". Jeff Terich of Treblezine stated, "Instead of sticking to hardcore's rigid constraints, these artists expanded beyond power chords and gang vocals , incorporating more creative outlets for punk rock energy." British post-punk of

1414-514: Is "at the forefront of a traditional-screamo revival" for their critically acclaimed release Wildlife , while a 2014 article by Treble called Touché Amoré "the one band carrying the sound forward in the most interesting ways". By 2015, many of the original acts in the movement had either gone on hiatus or entered periods of inactivity. Later forms of post-hardcore have garnered more mainstream attention with bands such as Sleeping with Sirens , whose third album Feel (2013) debuted at No. 3 on

1515-534: Is the emergence of independent post-hardcore bands like the Men , Cloud Nothings and METZ , who are moved closer to the dynamics and aesthetics of earlier acts, whilst diverging deeper into external influences. Reviewers have also noted the incorporation of a diversity of elements like krautrock , post-rock , sludge metal , shoegaze , power pop and no wave in addition to previous hardcore , noise rock and post-punk sensibilities. Tony Hajjar Hajjar

1616-557: The Flipside record label. The staffers were so enthralled by the show that they offered to put out At the Drive-In's record then and there. Accepting the offer, the band first headed out on another 21-day tour of the Southwest before ending in Los Angeles again where they recorded their debut full-length album titled Acrobatic Tenement for $ 600. The album was released August 18, 1996, and

1717-589: The Humpers . At the Drive-In's popularity at this point was undeniable, with headlining shows in the Midwest drawing between 100 and 350 fans. When the time came for At the Drive-In's next recording, Flipside quit producing records and Offtime was financially unable to, "so the band figuratively approached almost every indie label they could think of." When hope was almost lost and the possibility of another record seemed dim, Bob and Michelle Becker of Fearless Records saw At

1818-617: The post-rock movement". AllMusic has noted that younger bands "flowered into post-hardcore after cutting their teeth in high school punk bands". In Washington D.C., new bands such as Hoover (as well as the related The Crownhate Ruin ), Circus Lupus , Bluetip , and Smart Went Crazy were added to the Dischord roster. Hoover has been cited by journalist Charles Spano as a band that had "a tremendous impact on post-hardcore music". In New York City, in addition to Quicksand, post-hardcore bands such as Helmet , Unsane , Chavez and Texas Is

1919-399: The " harDCore " scene, a new movement had "swept over". This movement was led by bands associated with the D.C. independent record label Dischord Records , home in the early 1980s to seminal hardcore bands such as Minor Threat, State of Alert , Void , and Government Issue . According to the Dischord website: "The violence and nihilism that had become identified with punk rock, largely by

2020-500: The '90s". According to Ryan Cooper of About.com and author Doyle Greene, 1980s hardcore punk band Black Flag is one of the pioneers of post-hardcore for the experimental style the band started playing later on in the 1980s. In 1984, Minneapolis punk band Hüsker Dü released their second studio album, Zen Arcade , considered a key post-hardcore record. Upon its release, the album received positive critical reception from The New York Times and Rolling Stone . Outside

2121-645: The 1980s with bands like Hüsker Dü and Minutemen . The genre expanded in the 1980s and 1990s with releases by bands from cities that had established hardcore scenes, such as Fugazi from Washington, D.C. as well as groups such as Big Black , Jawbox , Quicksand , and Shellac that stuck closer to post-hardcore's noise rock roots. Dischord Records became a major nexus of post-hardcore during this period. The genre also began to incorporate more dense, complex, and atmospheric instrumentals with bands like Slint and Unwound , and also experienced some crossover from indie rock with bands like The Dismemberment Plan . In

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2222-469: The 1989 compilation State of the Union , a release that documented the new sound of the late 1980s D.C. punk scene. Fugazi gained "an extremely loyal and numerous global following", with reviewer Andy Kellman summarizing the band's influence with the statement: "To many, Fugazi meant as much to them as Bob Dylan did to their parents." It has also been noted that the group's "ever-evolving" sound would signal

2323-442: The 1990s, helped post-hardcore achieve popularity during the 2000s. Mehan Jayasuriya of PopMatters suggested that Robinson's sudden focus on post-hardcore was his "pet project" designed to redeem himself of "the 'Nu-Metal' scourge of the late '90s". Robinson recorded At the Drive-In 's Relationship of Command (2000), Glassjaw 's Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Silence (2000) and Worship and Tribute (2002), and

2424-693: The 2004 compilation This Station Is Non-Operational . Their name was taken from the fact that Bad Brains took their name from the Ramones ' song "Bad Brain" (from Road to Ruin ), and Bixler-Zavala liked the Bad Brains' song title "At the Movies" (featured in Rock for Light ), while Ward liked "at the drive-in" from the chorus of the Poison song " Talk Dirty to Me " and his suggestion would eventually win out. Though In/Casino/Out

2525-508: The Blood Brothers ' ...Burn, Piano Island, Burn (2003); four albums that are said to "stand as some of the best post-hardcore records produced" during the 2000s. In John Franck's review of Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Silence for Allmusic, he stated: "Featuring extraordinary ambidextrous drummer Sammy Siegler (of Gorilla Biscuits / CIV fame), Glassjaw has paired up with producer/entrepreneur Ross Robinson (a key catalyst in

2626-567: The Bounty , sleepmakeswaves , Jarvis Cocker , Night Verses , and St Vincent . Final lineup Former members Post-hardcore Post-hardcore is a punk rock music genre that maintains the aggression and intensity of hardcore punk but emphasizes a greater degree of creative expression. Like the term " post-punk ", the term "post-hardcore" has been applied to a broad constellation of groups. Initially taking inspiration from post-punk and noise rock , post-hardcore began in

2727-427: The Dischord label, Quicksand became the first post-hardcore act to sign a major label record deal (with Polydor Records ) in 1992. Interscope Records would sign Helmet after a reportedly "ferocious" bidding war between several major record companies, and while MTV would air some videos by the group, which by the time of the release of their major-label debut Meantime , was considered then "the only band close to

2828-467: The Drive-In have acknowledged the influence of the post-hardcore sound coming from the San Diego scene, with vocalist Cedric Bixler-Zavala citing elements such as "screaming vocals with over-the-top emotions, calculated, heavy riffs, [...] offbeat rhythms" and an "incredible amount of energy, chaos and melody" put by these groups as crucial in the development of his band's sound. According to Ian MacKaye,

2929-470: The Drive-In agreed on doing another reunion, and an appearance at Rock On The Range festival in the following May was scheduled. In January 2016, trailed by a 15-second video of seemingly new music, the band detailed plans for a world tour and new album later in the year. After initial rehearsals, Jim Ward left the reunited band, and was replaced by his former Sparta bandmate Keeley Davis . Looking back on Ward's departure, in 2017 Bixler-Zavala stated that Ward

3030-400: The Drive-In began developing a large underground following by mostly playing in basements and small venues across the western United States, with their popularity spread by word of mouth among fans. One such show that changed the course of history for the band was in a now defunct bar in Los Angeles, where the band put on an explosive performance for just nine people – some of them employees of

3131-686: The Drive-In open for Supernova at a bar named Club Mesa. Despite Fearless's history of producing mainly pop punk bands, the band members "felt very comfortable with Bob and Michelle on a personal level" and a deal was signed. Consequently, At the Drive-In began recording its second full-length album titled In/Casino/Out on June 3, 1998. With producer and mixer Alex Newport, the band spent four days recording at Doug Messenger's, in North Hollywood, Revolver Recordings in Costa Mesa with Engineer Andy Troy for Fearless Records, and an additional two days mixing

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3232-462: The Drive-In released three studio albums and five EPs before breaking up in 2001. Their third and final album before their split, 2000's Relationship of Command , received a number of accolades and is cited as a landmark of the post-hardcore genre. Following the breakup, Bixler-Zavala and Rodríguez-López formed the Mars Volta while Ward, Hinojos, and Hajjar formed Sparta ; Hinojos would later join

3333-608: The Drive-In was founded in 1994 by guitarist Jim Ward and vocalist Cedric Bixler-Zavala . The newly formed band played its first live show on October 14, 1994, at The Attic, a venue in El Paso, Texas, followed up by a show on the 15th at the Loretto High School Fair. Not long after, At the Drive-In released its first studio recording entitled Hell Paso , a 7-inch EP issued in November 1994. Following Hell Paso 's release,

3434-613: The Drive-in finally got back together in late 2011 and officially announced their reunion on January 9, 2012. They played their first show since 2001 on April 9 at Red 7 in Austin, Texas, as part of a 4-date tour across Texas with Zechs Marquise warming up prior to performing at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on April 15 and 22. Later in the year At the Drive-in also performed at festivals such as Lollapalooza , Splendour in

3535-616: The Fall of Troy and Dance Gavin Dance gaining significant success, and bands such as Damiera , the Sound of Animals Fighting , The Bled , Norma Jean and the Chariot being left under the wood works; as well as bands taking influence from metalcore like Ice Nine Kills , Blessthefall and Pierce the Veil , inspired by acts such as Killswitch Engage , Avenged Sevenfold and Atreyu . Beginning to form in

3636-571: The Grass , Fuji Rock and Reading and Leeds Festival . The band had also acquired the rights from Fearless Records to reissue most of their catalogue (three full-length albums as well as Vaya EP) and launched their own label, Twenty-first Chapter, to handle the reissues. The name of the label is a reference to the chapter omitted from the US version of the Anthony Burgess book A Clockwork Orange . While

3737-777: The MC5) and avant jazz " combined with "exciting, volatile live gigs", and being the inspiration for "a new crop of bands both locally and abroad". The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the formation and rise to prominence of several bands associated with earlier acts that not only included the examples of Fugazi and Shellac, but also Girls Against Boys (originally a side-project of Brendan Canty and Eli Janney , which would later incorporate members of Soulside), The Jesus Lizard (formed by ex-members of Scratch Acid ), Quicksand (fronted by former Youth of Today and Gorilla Biscuits member Walter Schreifels ), Rollins Band (led by former Black Flag singer Henry Rollins ), Tar (which raised from

3838-616: The Machine . Later, in April 2000, At the Drive-In released a split EP with the Czech band Sunshine , containing five songs, two of them by At the Drive-In. Recording for At the Drive-In's third and then-final full-length album Relationship of Command began on January 17, 2000. The recording took place at Indigo Ranch Studios in Malibu, California , with producer Ross Robinson (and mixer Andy Wallace ), who

3939-519: The Mars Volta. At the Drive-In reunited in January 2012 and played the 2012 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival , as well as the 2012 Lollapalooza Festival . In 2016, the band reunited for a second time, with guitarist and occasional lead vocalist Jim Ward no longer participating. He was replaced by Sparta's Keeley Davis. The band released their fourth studio album, in•ter a•li•a , in 2017. The band announced an indefinite hiatus in November 2018. At

4040-573: The Reason emerged. Chicago, which alongside the Midwestern United States has been important to the progression of math rock, also saw the birth of post-hardcore acts such as the examples of Shellac, Tar, Trenchmouth , and the Jade Tree -released group Cap'n Jazz (as well as the subsequent related project Joan of Arc , which also released their work through Jade Tree). Steve Huey argues that

4141-517: The Seattle grunge sound" on the American East Coast and would be hailed as "the next big thing", these expectations would "never be fully realized" in spite of the record's later influence. In another notable case, Hum was signed to RCA in 1994, selling approximately 250,000 copies of their album You'd Prefer an Astronaut fueled by the success of the album's lead single " Stars ", and while

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4242-504: The Trail of Dead in Austin , and At the Drive-In from El Paso . This last band was known for their energy in both performances and music, and for their "driving melodic punk riffs, meshed together with quieter interlocking note-picking". Kansas City, Missouri bands of the early 90s also contributed significantly to the genre including Season to Risk . The genre also saw representation outside

4343-557: The US Billboard 200 chart, making it one of the highest charting post-hardcore album by any band to date. Pierce the Veil 's third album, Collide with the Sky (2012), has also received much attention. While Madness (2015) and Misadventures (2016)—by Sleeping with Sirens and Pierce the Veil respectively—incorporate more elements of pop rock and pop punk, entering territory that many find to be loosely defined as post-hardcore. Seen also

4444-707: The United States following the release of Relationship of Command , At The Drive-In performed on several television shows. The band's first nationally televised performance was on Farmclub , a now defunct television show which aired late at night on the USA Network . After that performance, they also appeared on Later with Jools Holland , Late Night with Conan O'Brien and the Late Show with David Letterman . Additionally, their minor hit radio single " One Armed Scissor " had circulation on MTV and significantly contributed to

4545-551: The United States in Refused who emerged from the Umeå , Sweden music scene. The band, which made itself known earlier in their career for its "massive hardcore sound", released in 1998 The Shape of Punk to Come , an album that saw the group take inspiration from the Nation of Ulysses while incorporating elements such as " ambient textures , jazz breakdowns", metal and electronica to their hardcore sound. The early-to-mid 1990s would see

4646-430: The United States, At the Drive-In played a handful of shows before returning to the studio to record their fourth EP entitled Vaya , which was released on July 13, 1999. Without missing a beat, the band kicked off another tour on July 28 at Emo's in Austin, Texas , with El Paso band Universal Recovered and Austin band Schatzi opening this show. This tour included shows with bands like The Get Up Kids and Rage Against

4747-459: The United States, post-hardcore would take shape in the works of the Canadian group Nomeansno , related with Jello Biafra and his independently run label Alternative Tentacles , and that had been active since 1979. The magazine Dusted noted that the group's 1989's release Wrong was "one of the most aggressive and powerful opuses in post-hardcore ever made". During the years 1984 and 1985 in

4848-531: The album at Paramount, in Hollywood. This album marked a notable maturation in At the Drive-In's sound and is special in that it was recorded live with just a small number of overdubs. In/Casino/Out was chosen to be recorded live because, according to some sources, At the Drive-In struggled to capture the intensity and emotion of its live shows in the recording studio. In/Casino/Out was released on August 18, 1998, although

4949-682: The ashes of a hardcore outfit named Blatant Dissent), and Slint (containing members of Squirrel Bait). Acts such as Shellac and Louisville 's Slint have been considered influential to the development of the genre of math rock , with the former featuring "awkward time signatures and trademark aggression" that has come to characterize "a certain slant" on math rock, while the latter presented "instrumental music seeped in dramatic tension but set to rigid systems of solid-structured guitar patterns and percussive repetition". According to reviewer Jason Arkeny, Slint's "deft, extremist manipulations of volume, tempo, and structure cast them as clear progenitors of

5050-520: The band "strayed from hardcore's typically external concerns of the time – namely, social and political dissent – their musical attack was no less blistering, and in fact a good deal more challenging and nuanced than the average three-chord speed-blur", a sound that, according to Huey, mapped out "a new direction for hardcore that built on the innovations" brought by Hüsker Dü 's Zen Arcade . Other bands have been perceived as taking inspiration from genres such as funk (as in

5151-407: The band commenced another tour of the United States the following year spanning 100 days (February to June 1997) and 24,000 miles. This tour included shows with hundreds of other bands such as Screw 32 , J Church , AFI , Still Life , Mustard Plug , Face to Face , and Cosmic Psychos . At the Drive-In's fan base began to swell with every show it performed. Following this tour, the band members took

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5252-420: The band had established by this point a strong underground fanbase, this would prove to be "the pinnacle of Hum's media attention", as its follow-up, 1998's Downward Is Heavenward would sell poorly, resulting in the decision of RCA to drop the band from their roster. Record producer Ross Robinson , who was credited for popularizing nu metal with bands like Korn , Slipknot , Soulfly and Limp Bizkit in

5353-505: The band had met on an earlier tour and who had "convinced the boys that he was the guy who could get every ounce of them onto tape." Relationship of Command was recorded over a seven-week period and featured Iggy Pop with minor parts on a couple of the album's songs. It was released September 12, 2000, to critical acclaim, and catapulted At the Drive-In into the mainstream musical spotlight. In addition to touring worldwide in Europe, Japan, and

5454-574: The band headlined the Neon Desert Music Festival . During a show on November 17, 2018, at the Circo Voador in Brazil, Bixler-Zavala announced to the crowd that the following night's show would be their final show for the foreseeable future. That night, Bixler-Zavala posted on Twitter stating "Maybe it's a sign of weakness to some of you but I had to give a huge thank you to my ATDI family. This

5555-424: The band left the stage after performing only three songs. "I think it's a very, very sad day when the only way you can express yourself is through slam-dancing", he proclaimed. The following month, At the Drive-In cancelled the last five dates of its European tour, citing "complete mental and physical exhaustion" of the members. In March 2001—less than a month away from a United States tour set to begin on April 14—at

5656-402: The band members embarked on their first tour – a 2,000-mile trek across the state of Texas. After a drummer change due to Bernie Rincon's death, At the Drive-In released its second EP ¡Alfaro Vive, Carajo! in June 1995. The band then set out on another tour, this one in a newly purchased 1981 Ford Econoline and spanning 42 days and 10,000 miles across the United States. During these tours, At

5757-528: The band released their first new song in 16 years, "Governed by Contagions", through Rise Records . A new album, in•ter a•li•a , was released on May 5, 2017, preceded by another single, "Incurably Innocent". The Diamanté EP was released on November 24 as part of Record Store Day; it had a limited vinyl release of 4000 copies. In August 2017, the reunited band performed at Rock en Seine in Paris, France and in May 2018,

5858-400: The band toured almost non-stop from July until December, playing shows with bands like Knapsack and The Murder City Devils . At the Drive-In took a couple month break until March 1999, at which point they kicked off another tour with a two-week stint with Jimmy Eat World in the United States until they headed to Europe for a six-week European tour spanning eleven countries. Upon returning to

5959-453: The band's 2016 reunion. Following the dissolution of The Mars Volta in 2013, Bixler-Zavala and Rodríguez-López ceased all contact with each other. Bixler-Zavala blamed Rodríguez-López for the breakup on Twitter; however, he stated that he was still happy with At the Drive-In's reunion: "And for the record I'm still in love with ATDI. Proof was in MY performance. I would never get on stage if my heart

6060-407: The band's fourth drummer. He remained with the band until they split up in 2001. During breaks from touring Hajjar taught chemistry . Following the demise of At The Drive-In Hajjar formed the band Sparta with fellow ATD-I members Paul Hinojos and Jim Ward . He also played on several other bands' recordings, including Jimmy Eat World 's "Disintegration" on their " Stay on My Side Tonight " EP. As

6161-426: The band's popularity. By 2002, Relationship of Command had sold 273,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan . On November 12, 2000, At the Drive-In was involved in a motor vehicle accident when their touring van skidded out of control on ice and flipped onto its roof. Though the accident left the band shaken, none of the members sustained serious injury – Hajjar and Bixler-Zavala were taken to

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6262-512: The band's unstable existence. This group has also been considered one of the earliest emo acts. The second half of the 1980s saw the formation of several bands in D.C., which included Shudder to Think , Jawbox , the Nation of Ulysses , and Fugazi , as well as Baltimore 's Lungfish . MacKaye described this period as the busiest that the Dischord Records label had ever seen. Most of these acts, along with earlier ones, would contribute to

6363-603: The birth of emo, with Rites of Spring sometimes being named as the first or one of the earliest emo acts, musicians such as the band's former frontman Guy Picciotto and MacKaye himself have voiced their opposition against the term. In the nearby state of Maryland , similar bands that are categorized now as post-hardcore would also emerge, these include Moss Icon and The Hated. The former's music contained, according to Steve Huey, "shifting dynamics, chiming guitar arpeggios, and screaming, crying vocal climaxes", which would prove to be influential to later musicians in spite of

6464-508: The birth of several bands in the San Diego, California music scene, some of which would lead a post-hardcore movement associated with the independent label Gravity Records . This movement would eventually become known as the "San Diego sound". Gravity was founded in 1991 by Matt Anderson, member of the band Heroin , as a means to release the music of his band and of other related San Diego groups, which also included Antioch Arrow and Clikatat Ikatowi. The label's earlier releases are known for

6565-416: The case of Beefeater) and 1960s pop (such as the example of Gray Matter). According to Eric Grubbs, a nickname was developed for the new sound, with some considering it "post-harDCore". Another name used for the scene was " emo -core". The latter, mentioned in skateboarding magazine Thrasher , would come up in discussions around the D.C. area. While some of these bands have been considered contributors to

6666-593: The convoy, allowing those who followed behind to reap the benifits [ sic ] of their navigation while they crashed and burned on the hard shoulder. What remains, however, is a legacy the likes of which may not been seen again." Among the artists who have cited At the Drive-In as an influence or expressed admiration for them are …And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead , Thursday , Billy Talent , Biffy Clyro , Underoath , Will Swan of Dance Gavin Dance , Nick Hipa of As I Lay Dying , The Fall of Troy , Jamie Lenman , Rolo Tomassi , La Dispute , Mutiny on

6767-532: The creation of acts such as Karp , Lync and Unwound , all hailing from the Olympia, Washington area. The latter's music has been considered by critic John Bush to be a combination of "the noise of Sonic Youth's more raucous passages" with a "rare energetic flair which rivals even that of Fugazi". Texas saw the formation of groups such as The Jesus Lizard (later to be based in Chicago) and ...And You Will Know Us by

6868-530: The definition of "a new sound in hardcore rooted in tradition but boasting a chaotic sound that showcased a new approach" to the genre. Heroin were known for being innovators of early 1990s hardcore and for making dynamic landscapes "out of one minute blasts of noisy vitriol". These bands were influenced by acts like Fugazi and The Nation of Ulysses, while also helping propagate an offshoot of hardcore that "grafted spastic intensity to willfully experimental dissonance and dynamics". This movement has been associated to

6969-485: The development and recording of the 1994 release For Your Own Special Sweetheart , considered by Andy Kellman to be "one of the best releases to come out of the fertile D.C. scene of the '80s and '90s". The subsequent tour for the album and the MTV rotation of some videos would introduce the band to a handful of new crowds, but ultimately the album would remain "unnoticed outside of the usual indie community". Likewise, out of

7070-419: The development of the subgenre of screamo , while it also should be noticed that this term has been, as with the case of emo, the subject of controversy. The label also featured releases by non-San Diego bands that included Mohinder (from Cupertino, California ), Angel Hair and its subsequent related project The VSS (from Boulder, Colorado ), groups that have also been associated with this sound. The VSS

7171-547: The early 2000s it became common for mainstream "melodic" post-hardcore bands to crossover into other related genres like Melodic hardcore , Heavy hardcore , indie rock , screamo, and emo, straddling experimentation and accessibility. Groups such as Minutemen , Naked Raygun , and The Effigies , which were active around the early 1980s, are considered to be forerunners to the post-hardcore genre. Naked Raygun's Jeff Pezzati and Effigies frontman John Kezdy have disputed this classification, however, insisting that neither band

7272-520: The early- and mid-2000s, post-hardcore achieved mainstream success with the popularity of bands like At the Drive-In , My Chemical Romance , Dance Gavin Dance , AFI , Underoath , Hawthorne Heights , Silverstein , the Used , Saosin , Alexisonfire , and Senses Fail . In the 2010s, bands like Sleeping with Sirens and Pierce the Veil achieved mainstream success under the post-hardcore label. Meanwhile, bands like Title Fight and La Dispute experienced underground popularity playing music that bore

7373-407: The essence of ATDI's live shows in a way never before seen, the record also featured some of the band's most experimental songs, including " Rolodex Propaganda ," "Non-Zero Possibility," and " Invalid Litter Dept. " The band's guitar-playing, in the majority of their songs, is characterized by unusual chords, a fast tempo, and a quiet-loud-quiet song structure. While Jim Ward and Paul Hinojos provided

7474-750: The genre or had strong roots in it. Many of these groups also took inspiration from the 1980s noise rock scene pioneered by Sonic Youth . Some bands signed to the independent label Homestead Records , including Squirrel Bait (as well as David Grubbs -related bands Bastro and Bitch Magnet ) and Steve Albini 's Big Black (just as his subsequent projects Rapeman and Shellac ) are also associated with post-hardcore. Big Black, which also featured former Naked Raygun guitarist Santiago Durango , made themselves known for their strict DIY ethic , related to practices such as paying for their own recordings, booking their own shows, handling their own management and publicity, and remaining "stubbornly independent at

7575-809: The group's influences are Indian Summer , Swing Kids , Fugazi , Sunny Day Real Estate (referred to by Ward as "Fugazi beyond Fugazi"), Bad Brains , and the Gravity Records -led post-hardcore sound of the 1990s that featured acts such as Antioch Arrow and Heroin . In their last period before their initial breakup, the biggest influences of At the Drive-In included bands such as Drive Like Jehu , Hot Snakes , and The Nation of Ulysses , with frontman Bixler-Zavala going on to say that "there would be no Relationship of Command without Drive Like Jehu." The band also performed cover versions of songs such as "This Night Has Opened My Eyes" by The Smiths and " Take Up Thy Stethoscope and Walk " by Pink Floyd , both included in

7676-403: The hiatus, guitarist Rodríguez-López said: "After a non-stop six-year cycle of record/tour/record/tour, we are going on an indefinite hiatus. We need time to rest up and re-evaluate, just to be human beings again and to decide when we feel like playing music again." Cedric Bixler-Zavala took responsibility for the breakup, saying repeatedly in interviews that he felt almost as if At the Drive-In

7777-543: The hospital for minor injuries and released. In January 2001, At the Drive-In traveled to Australia for the Big Day Out music festival. While performing in Sydney, they left partway through their set after telling the attendance to calm down and observe the safety rules against moshing . After the refusal of the crowd, frontman Cedric Bixler-Zavala told them "You're a robot, you're a sheep!" and bleated at them several times before

7878-488: The late 1970s and early 1980s has been seen as influential on the musical development of post-hardcore bands. As the genre progressed, some of these groups also experimented with a wide array of influences, including soul , dub , funk , jazz , and dance-punk . It has also been noted that since some post-hardcore bands included members that were rooted in the beginnings of hardcore punk, some of them were able to expand their sound as they became more skilled musicians. During

7979-509: The late 1990s and early 2000s. Accolades for their album Relationship of Command include being ranked 47th in the 50 Greatest Albums of the 21st century in Kerrang! , 83rd on Spin Magazine 's 100 Greatest Albums 1985–2005, and 90 on MTV2 's greatest albums ever list. BBC 's Mike Diver stated that the success and eventual "landmark status" of the album helped post-hardcore position itself as

8080-462: The late 2000s, the fourth wave of emo came into full fruition in the early 2010s. Moment defining bands like Modern Baseball , the Hotelier and Joyce Manor all gained significant success in the underground, a new takes on post-hardcore became prominent with the sonic experimentation of Drug Church , Title Fight , The World Is a Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die and Citizen . At

8181-474: The latter featuring former Minor Threat singer and Dischord co-founder Ian MacKaye and former members of The Faith. This movement has been since widely known as the "Revolution Summer". Rites of Spring has been described as the band that "more than led the change", challenging the "macho posturing that had become so prevalent within the punk scene at that point", and "more importantly", defying "musical and stylistic rule". Journalist Steve Huey writes that while

8282-685: The media, had begun to take hold in DC and many of the older punks suddenly found themselves repelled and discouraged by their hometown scene", leading to "a time of redefinition". When The Faith put out the EP Subject to Change in 1983, it marked a critical evolution in the sound of D.C. hardcore and punk music in general. During these years, a new wave of bands started to form, these included Rites of Spring (which featured The Faith former guitarist Eddie Janney), Lunchmeat (later to become Soulside ), Gray Matter , Mission Impossible , Dag Nasty and Embrace ,

8383-548: The moment in which the "hardcore" sound of bands like Unbroken effectively became "post-hardcore", known for "covering Joy Division songs" and for its sonic "jazz-quoting" and "guitar feedback" experimentation features. They were also one of the first bands released under the independent label Three One G , founded by the band's vocalist Justin Pearson and later known for releasing the works of several other post-hardcore, noise rock, mathcore and grindcore groups. Bands like At

8484-404: The peak of their popularity and following a world tour, At the Drive-In broke up, initially referring to the split as an "indefinite hiatus". The band played their last show at Groningen 's Vera venue on February 21, 2001. A combination of excessive hype, relentless touring, artistic differences, and Rodríguez-López and Bixler-Zavala's drug habits contributed to the demise of the band. Commenting on

8585-433: The reinvention of the aggro rock sound) to take you on a pummeling ride that would make Bad Brains and Quicksand proud." These bands allowed the genre to grow and become much more varied with At the Drive-In taking influence from art rock and rock and roll , and Glassjaw using elements of both pop music and heavy metal ; furthermore, bands such as Hell Is for Heroes , Hundred Reasons , Hondo Maclean and Funeral for

8686-488: The release of Cap'n Jazz's retrospective compilation album Analphabetapolothology helped spread the band's influence "far beyond their original audience", while also considering the group as influential for the development of emo in the independent music scene. Champaign , also in Illinois , was known for an independent scene that would give way to groups like Hum , Braid and Poster Children . The American Northwest saw

8787-444: The release of their only two full-length studio albums, Big Black left Homestead for Touch and Go Records , which would later reissue not only their entire discography, but would also be responsible for the release of the complete works of Scratch Acid , an act from Austin, Texas described as post-hardcore, that, according to Stephen Thomas Erlewine, "laid the groundwork for much of the distorted, grinding alternative punk rockers of

8888-405: The releases on Dischord, incorporating elements such as "odd time signatures played an important role on its development in spite of the band's music not resembling the sound such term would later signify. In a similar manner, Swing Kids , composed of former members of hardcore bands from the San Diego scene such as Unbroken , Struggle and Spanakorzo, have been described by journalist Zach Baron as

8989-473: The reunion shows were met with mostly positive reviews, Rodríguez-López received criticism from fans and observers for his evident lack of enthusiasm while playing on stage; initially this was attributed to the recent death of his mother; however, Rodríguez-López later stated that he also no longer felt connected with At the Drive-in's music. Rodríguez-López also ruled out the possibility of the band recording new material, though he reversed this stance in light of

9090-428: The rhythmic structure of the song, Omar Rodriguez-Lopez often played more experimental riffs and melodies over the top. Effects were heavily used by Rodriguez-Lopez, especially on Relationship of Command, while Ward used the keyboard to create melody, often switching between the guitar and keyboard such as in "Invalid Litter Department". At the Drive-In is considered one of the most influential post-hardcore artists of

9191-538: The same time "the Wave", or "new wave of post-hardcore", was a movement of bands reviving 1990s emo, screamo and post-hardcore sounds. The name was originally coined to refer to only Touché Amoré , La Dispute , Defeater , Pianos Become the Teeth and Make Do and Mend , however by 2014 had expanded to also include groups Balance and Composure, Into It. Over It. and Title Fight . In 2011 Alternative Press noted that La Dispute

9292-450: The sudden interest in underground and independent music brought by the success of Nirvana 's Nevermind attracted the attention of major labels towards the Dischord imprint and many of its bands. While the label rejected these offers, two Dischord acts, Jawbox and Shudder to Think, would sign deals with major labels. The former's signing to Atlantic Records would alienate some of the band's long-term fanbase, but it would also help with

9393-586: Was born in Beirut , Lebanon . His family fled Lebanon during the Civil War , moving to the United States and settling in El Paso, Texas . When Hajjar was fourteen his mother died from cancer and his father, who had been distant, left the family. His brother, only 18 years old at the time, assumed responsibility for the family and raised Tony and his sister. Hajjar joined post-hardcore band At The Drive-In in 1996, becoming

9494-553: Was drawing from hardcore, and were instead influenced by British punk and post-punk acts like Buzzcocks , Sex Pistols , and the Stranglers . Los Angeles' Saccharine Trust mixed Minutemen's sound with that of post-punk acts the Fall and Gang of Four on early releases like their EP Paganicons , helping to further the burgeoning genre. During the early- to mid-1980s, the desire to experiment with hardcore's basic template expanded to many musicians that had been associated with

9595-422: Was elsewhere." The two subsequently focused their efforts on their respective projects, Zavalaz and Bosnian Rainbows , and remained on non-speaking terms until early 2014, when they finally resolved their issues. An initial attempt to restart At the Drive-In did not work out, however, so Bixler-Zavala and Rodríguez-López went on to form Antemasque , touring and recording for the next two years. In October 2015, At

9696-451: Was holding him back and that he did not want his music to be confined to punk or hardcore — that it should encompass many genres and be even more progressive , alternative , and "against-the-grain." Bixler-Zavala and Rodríguez-López had stated that they wanted their next album to sound like Pink Floyd 's The Piper at the Gates of Dawn , while the other members were intent on progressing in

9797-453: Was known for their use of synthesizers "vying with post-hardcore's rabid atonality". Outside the Gravity roster, another band that played an important role in the development of the "San Diego sound" was Drive Like Jehu . This group, founded by former members of Pitchfork , was known, according to Steve Huey, for their lengthy and multisectioned compositions based on the innovations brought by

9898-626: Was not ready for a new album and tour: "His head wasn't there. His head wasn't trustworthy. Because of the way Omar and I exploded [with Mars Volta], I completely understood that. You know, you either let it go and keep going forward, or the train goes on without you. We have to honor what is happening now, which is age and the want to do it. I love him. He's a beautiful human being. A beautiful artist. I just wish he would remember that he's an amazing guitar player. I don't know if he does." The band canceled part of their North American tour after Bixler-Zavala began to have issues with his voice. On December 8,

9999-538: Was our 2nd to last show. Tomorrow is the last. Don't know when we'll play again. Thank you Rio. How do I even sleep now?" The following day on November 18, 2018, the band played their final show at Bar Opinião in Porto Alegre , Brazil . On November 19, 2018, the band released a statement on their official Instagram announcing a hiatus. At the Drive-In's style is usually described as post-hardcore . Their sound has also been called punk rock , emo , and art punk . Some of

10100-467: Was recorded live, " Relationship of Command may very well be the first record to harness the chaotic balance of adrenaline and intellect of ATDI's live performance." "Ross was instrumental in bringing out a lot of feeling from us," Bixler-Zavala recalls. "We channeled a lot of emotion into this record. He pushed us farther than we thought we could go. I learned to cut loose the way we do live and not to be afraid to break something or whatever." While capturing

10201-527: Was released on September 18, 1997, and "showed a more melodic side of the band, but the musical depth and heartfelt emotion was never more apparent." Two days after its release, the band was in Boulder, Colorado , playing a show with Welt to kick off its next 35-day, 11,000-mile tour that also included six dates with Karp and the Young Pioneers , and one-offs with Guttermouth , The Criminals , Piss Drunks, and

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