100-664: Asutosh College , established in 1916, is a government college in Kolkata which is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious colleges under the University of Calcutta . It offers undergraduate level courses in various arts, commerce and science subjects and also postgraduate degrees in select science and arts subjects. This college is situated in Southern Kolkata , close to the Jatin Das Park Metro Station , gate No. 2. It
200-709: A higher reputation domestically and globally . The University Grants Committee funds eight public universities in Hong Kong . The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government . There are four self-financing universities, namely Hong Kong Metropolitan University , Hong Kong Shue Yan University , Hang Seng University of Hong Kong , and Saint Francis University . In India , most universities and nearly all research institutions are public. Some private undergraduate colleges exist but most are engineering schools that are affiliated with public universities. Private schools can be partially aided by
300-673: A university institute , and a distance university in Portugal . Higher education in Portugal provided by state-run institutions is not free; students must pay a tuition fee. However, the tuition fee is lower than that of private universities. The highest tuition fee allowed by law in public universities is €697 per year as of 2022. Public universities include some of the most selective and demanding higher learning institutions in Portugal. In Russia , about 7.5 million students study in thousands of universities. Founded in 1755, Moscow State University
400-570: A "Manuscript Conservation Centre" under the National Mission for Manuscripts , which was established in 2003. The university has the highest number of students who have cleared the doctoral entrance eligibility exam, known as National Eligibility Test , in Natural Science and Arts to become eligible to pursue research with a full scholarship awarded by the Government of India. The university
500-620: A book depot, which was established in the 20th century. It publishes textbooks, treatises, journals and confidential papers for all the examinations conducted by the university. It also publishes the journal The Calcutta Review , which is one of the oldest Asian university journals. The Calcutta Review was established by Sir John Kaye in May 1844. It has been issued biannually since 1913. They also have an associated journal with Sage Publishing , Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice [ d ] . Internationally,
600-527: A few private institutions of higher learning, such as the National College of Ireland . However, none of the private institutions have university status and are highly specialized. Almost all universities in Italy are public but have institutional autonomy by law. The Italian state provides the majority of university funding. Therefore, students pay relatively low tuition fees, set by each university according to
700-772: A fifth two-year term in 1921–23. Initially, the university was only an affiliating and examining body. All the academic and teaching work was done in constituent colleges, which were the Presidency College , the Scottish Church College , the Sanskrit College and the Bengal Engineering College . During that period, the Council Room of the Calcutta Medical College and private residence of
800-400: A government. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape. In contrast a private university is usually owned and operated by a private corporation (not-for-profit or for profit). Both types are often regulated, but to varying degrees, by the government. In Egypt, Al-Azhar University
900-1249: A handful of community colleges. In 2008, the Philippine Congress passed Republic Act 9500, declaring the University of the Philippines as the national university to distinguish it from all other state universities and colleges. Other notable public colleges and universities include the Polytechnic University of the Philippines , Technological University of the Philippines , Philippine Normal University , Batangas State University , and Mindanao State University . There are six autonomous public universities in Singapore , including National University of Singapore founded in 1905, Nanyang Technological University founded 1981, Singapore Management University founded in 2000, Singapore University of Technology and Design and Singapore Institute of Technology founded in 2009, and Singapore University of Social Sciences founded in 2017. In Sri Lanka , there are seventeen public universities. Most public universities are funded by
1000-422: A key figure in the early Theosophical Society , is also an alumnus of Calcutta University. [REDACTED] Media related to University of Calcutta at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Works related to Portal:University of Calcutta at Wikisource Public university A public university or public college is a university or college that is owned by the state or receives significant funding from
1100-979: A larger building, the Centenary Building, which opened in 1968. The Darbhanga Building and the Asutosh Building are the two other buildings opened in 1921 and 1926, respectively. Rashbehari Siksha Prangan (also known as University College of Science and Technology or more commonly Rajabazar Science College), is located on Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road in Rajabazar. Established in 1914, it houses several scientific and technological departments, including pure and applied chemistry, pure and applied physics, applied optics and photonics, radio physics, applied mathematics, psychology, physiology, biophysics, molecular biology, and others. Taraknath Palit Siksha Prangan (also known as University College of Science or commonly Ballygunge Science College) on Ballygunge Circular Road in
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#17328764774911200-525: A low-interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board; students must pay back the loan after completing their higher education. In Nigeria , both the federal and state governments may establish public universities. South Africa has 26 public universities which are members of Universities in South Africa. These are categorized as traditional or comprehensive universities. In Tunisia ,
1300-631: A national institution in 1926, the Academy of Athens is the highest research establishment in Greece. Private higher education institutions cannot operate in Greece and are not recognized as degree-awarding bodies by the Greek government. In Ireland , nearly all universities, institutes of technology, colleges, and some third-level institutions are public. The state pays the cost of educating undergraduates, although students must contribute approximately €3,000. There are
1400-573: A university, not a college, can issue doctorate degrees in Israel. In Japan , public universities are run by local governments, either prefectural or municipal. According to the Ministry of Education , public universities have "provided an opportunity for higher education in a region and served the central role of intellectual and cultural base for the local community in the region" and are "expected to contribute to social, economical and cultural development in
1500-531: A year and have to retake them, pay a partial or full tuition fee, ranging from €500 to €2000 per year. Private universities have existed in Serbia since 1989 but are held in less esteem because they are generally less academically rigorous than the public universities. Of the 74 universities in Spain , 54 are public and funded by the autonomous community in which they are based. University funding differs by region. However,
1600-771: A year or a few years' duration. Research is conducted in specialized institutes as well as individual departments, many of which have doctoral programs. The University of Calcutta has the largest research center, which started from the 100th Science Congress of India in January 2013. This is the Center for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CRNN) on the Technology Campus of CU at Salt Lake, West Bengal. The university has 18 research centers, 710 teachers, 3000 non-teaching staff and 11,000 postgraduate students. The central library at
1700-723: Is a member of the United Nations Academic Impact initiative. The university has a ground and tent in Maidan, where various sports are played. Inter-college tournaments in sports like football , archery , basketball , and hockey are also organised. The university rowing club started in the year 1983 at Rabindra Sarobar . The Calcutta University Students' Union organises social and cultural activities occasionally, which include blood donation camps, environmental awareness programmes, relief fund collection, teachers day celebrations, and Saraswati puja , among others. Most of
1800-562: Is a public research university and the most prestigious university in Russia. Saint Petersburg State University is a state-owned university that was founded in 1724; it is managed by the government of the Russian Federation . In Serbia , over 85% of college students study at state-operated public universities. Academically well-performing students pay only administrative fees of less than €100 per year. Students who fail multiple classes in
1900-522: Is affiliated to the University of Calcutta and is considered as one of the best places to study Economics, Mathematics and Statistics in Kolkata. In 1916, This college was established as the South Suburban College , under the stewardship of educationist Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee , who was the then vice-chancellor of the University of Calcutta. In 1924, after the death of Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee,
2000-530: Is done. Located on College Street, it is spread over an area of 2.7 acres (1.1 ha). It houses the Arts and Language department, administrative offices, museum, the central library, an auditorium etc. Exhibits like folk art of Bengal are present in the Asutosh Museum of Indian Art. Senate House was the first university building situated on this campus; it opened in 1872. In 1960, it was demolished to make way for
2100-476: Is the humanities campus of the university. The departments of history, ancient Indian history and culture, Islamic history and culture, South and Southeast Asian studies, archaeology, political science, business management and museology are situated on this campus. The Technology Campus, also known as the Tech Camps, is the newest on the university. It brings together the three engineering and technical departments:
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#17328764774912200-608: The Asutosh Siksha Prangan was started around the 1870s. Apart from 39 departmental libraries, it has a central library, two campus libraries, and two libraries at the advanced centers spread across the seven campuses. Students at affiliated colleges can also access the central library. The university library has over one million books and more than 200,000 bound journals, proceedings, manuscripts, patents and other valuable collections. The university has its own publishing house called University Press and Publications along with
2300-552: The Calcutta Medical College , was affiliated with the university in 1857. The first college for women in India, Bethune College , is also affiliated with the university. From 1836 to 1890, Government Science College, Jabalpur , the first Indian science college, was affiliated with the University of Calcutta. The first university library began functioning in the 1870s. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Joddu Nath Bose became
2400-694: The Central India Agency , Rajputana Agency , United Provinces of Agra and Oudh etc. went to the hands of University of Allahabad; Northern and North-Western provinces and states went under the University of Punjab. Jurisdiction of schools and colleges in Eastern India was retained by Calcutta University. By 1907, two colleges in Punjab, three in the Central Province, five in the State of Rajputana Agency, six in
2500-644: The East India Company sent a dispatch, known as Wood's despatch , to the Governor General of India in Council, to establish universities in Calcutta , Madras and Bombay . The Calcutta University Act came into force on 24 January 1857, and a 41-member Senate was formed as the policy-making body of the university. The land for the establishment of the university was given by Maharaja Maheshwar Singh Bahadur, who
2600-523: The Korea National Open University which offers distance learning. The University of Seoul is a public municipal university. Manas University in Kyrgyzstan is a public higher education institution that offers associate degrees, undergraduate degrees, and graduate and postgraduate degrees. The University of Macau , Macao Polytechnic University , and Macao University of Tourism are
2700-520: The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research controls public universities and guarantees admission to students who earn a Tunisian Baccalaureate . Using a state website, the students make a wish list of the universities they want to attend, with the highest-ranking students getting priority choices. Universities rank students according to the results of their baccalaureate. There are forty public universities in Bangladesh . They are overseen by
2800-536: The University Grants Commission (UGC). In 2015, the Government of West Bengal offered a financial incentive of up to Rs. 2 crore each, to colleges with NAAC grading of A or B. The Department of Higher Education wanted institutions like Asutosh College with a proven academic track record of renewing their NAAC grade. But many colleges, including Asutosh, was reluctant to get involved in the process which
2900-715: The University Grants Commission which was created by the government in 1973. Most universities in Brunei are public. In the People's Republic of China , nearly all universities and research institutions are public. Typically, provincial governments run public universities. However, some are administered by municipal governments or are national , which the central government directly administers. Private undergraduate colleges exist but are primarily vocational colleges sponsored by private entities. Private universities usually cannot award bachelor's degrees. Public universities tend to enjoy
3000-708: The University of Mons in 2009. The state-created university founded in Antwerp in 1971 is now part of University of Antwerp . Hasselt University started as a state-created public institution managed by the Province of Limburg . Similarly, the Province of Luxembourg managed the state-created public university in Arlon which became part of ULiège in 2004. Since 1891, private universities have gradually become state-recognized and funded. Some private, mostly Catholic, organizations are called free institutions, as in administratively free from
3100-843: The chief justices of the Supreme Court of India associated with the University are Bijan Kumar Mukherjea , Sudhi Ranjan Das , Amal Kumar Sarkar , Ajit Nath Ray , Sabyasachi Mukharji and Altamas Kabir . Others have also served as judges in the Supreme Court, and as chief justices and judges in state high courts. Heads of state from other countries associated with the university include four presidents of Bangladesh ( Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , Mohammad Mohammadullah , Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem , and Abdus Sattar ) two prime ministers of Bangladesh ( Muhammad Mansur Ali and Shah Azizur Rahman ), three prime ministers of Pakistan ( Mohammad Ali Bogra , Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy , and Nurul Amin ),
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3200-437: The constitution of Greece , higher education institutions (HEI) include universities, technical universities, and specialist institutions. HEI undergraduate programs are government-funded and do not charge tuition. A quarter of HEI postgraduate programs are tuition-free. After individual assessments, thirty percent of Greek students are entitled to attend any of the statutory postgraduate programs without tuition fees. Founded as
3300-579: The 150 universities in Taiwan are public. Because the Taiwanese government provides funding to public universities, their students pay less than half the tuition fees of those at private universities. Ten public universities were established before the 1980s and are the most prestigious in Taiwan. As a result, most students choose public universities for their tertiary education. In the late 19th century Thailand , there
3400-799: The Code de l'éducation states that " private higher education establishments can in no case take the title of university. " Nevertheless, many private institutions, such as the Catholic University of Lille or the Catholic University of Lyon , use the university as their marketing name. Most higher education institutions in Germany are public and operated by the states . All professors are public servants. Public universities are generally held in higher esteem than their private counterparts. From 1972 through 1998, public universities were tuition-free; however, some states have since adopted low tuition fees. According to
3500-503: The Department of Computer Science and Engineering, the A.K.C. School of Information Technology and the Department of Applied Optics and Photonics, in Sector 3, JD Block, Salt Lake . The university is governed by a board of administrative officers, which includes the vice-chancellor, pro-vice-chancellor for academic affairs, pro-vice-chancellor for business affairs and finance, the registrar,
3600-747: The Goenka Hospital Diagnostic Research Centre for the University College of Medicine was opened as the university health service. Until 1960, Senate House was one of the city's most prominent landmarks. In 1968, the Centenary Building opened on the former location of the Senate House. Currently, it houses the Central Library, the Asutosh Museum of Indian Art , the centenary auditorium and a number of university offices. By
3700-894: The Hazra Road Campus, the University Press and Book Depot, the B. T. Road Campus, the Viharilal College of Home Science Campus, the University Health Service, the Haringhata Campus, the Dhakuria Lakes (University Rowing Club) and the University Ground and Tent at Maidan. Asutosh Siksha Prangan (commonly called the College Street Campus) is the university's main campus where the administrative work
3800-625: The Indian Council of Agricultural Research) in 1926. Although it was shut down in 1941 due to World War II . Then, in 1954, a postgraduate department in agriculture was started in Ballygunge Science College by the university, with agricultural botany as the only subject; two years later, a Veterinary Science Institute was included and the department was upgraded into a faculty called agriculture and veterinary science. In 2002 university decided to reopen undergraduate agriculture courses in
3900-624: The Institute of Agricultural Science was established under the University of Calcutta. It was founded by Pabitra Kumar Sen , who was the Khaira Professor of Agriculture (another endowment chair) in the early 1950s. Initial efforts began as early as 1913, but the first institute was set up only in 1939 at Barrackpore (a city near Kolkata) by the university, following the establishment of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research (now known as
4000-522: The Ministry of Education controls all public universities. Students enroll after completing a 8-4-4 educational program system and attaining a mark of C+ or above. Students who meet the criteria set annually by the Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service receive government sponsorship, with the government providing part of their university or college fees. Students are also eligible for
4100-419: The Mother Teresa International Award was conferred on Asutosh College for outstanding achievement and contribution in the field of Best College of the Year. In 2014, University Grants Commission -approved free add-on courses on Tourism, Industrial Chemistry, and Hospital Waste Disposal Management were introduced by the college. A Second Campus of Asutosh College was planned in 2003. The Centenary Building of
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4200-425: The NAAC awarded its highest grade of 'A' to the University of Calcutta in the second and third cycle of the university's accreditation. In 2019, the university's central library and 40 departmental libraries were opened to the public. They have over one million books and more than 200,000 journals, proceedings and manuscripts. The seal has changed multiple times over the years. The first seal dates back to 1857. It
4300-432: The Principal at the time called "long drawn and fund consuming, without having any real benefit". While the college was rated C++ in its inaugural assessment back in 2002, it did not apply in 2007 when the rating expired. The first college in West Bengal to be accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council in 2002, it was given an A grade with a CGPA score of 3.22 in 2016, helping it secure its position among
4400-429: The Punjab is the biggest public university, followed by University of Karachi . The public universities receive guidance and recognition from the Higher Education Commission . There are more than 500 public higher education institutions in the Philippines that are controlled and managed by the Commission on Higher Education . Of the 500, 436 are state colleges and universities, 31 local colleges and universities, and
4500-461: The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh and seven in Ceylon were disaffiliated. A series of disaffiliations continued till 1948. Schools and colleges in Orissa and Bihar province went under University of Patna after its establishment in 1917. University of Rangoon was established in 1920 and the Burma region went under it in 1921. In the same year, University of Dacca was established and some colleges in East Bengal went under it and whole control
4600-415: The University of Calcutta was ranked 801–1000 in the QS World University Rankings of 2023 and 181 in Asia. It was ranked 1001–1200 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2023, 401–500 in Asia in 2022 and in the same band among emerging economies. It was ranked 901–1000 in the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2022. In India, the University of Calcutta
4700-401: The affiliated undergraduate colleges located in the city have their own student hostels. The university has 17 hostels, of which eight (two for undergraduates and six for postgraduates) are for women. A total of 13 hostels are for paying guest students located across the city. In 1938, the then Vice-Chancellor Syama Prasad Mookerjee asked Rabindranath Tagore to compose a " university song " for
4800-556: The agricultural experiment farm campus at Baruipur , a city south of Calcutta. In the same year, the department was restructured as a separate Institute of Agricultural Science. The Faculty of Arts consists of 23 departments; commerce consists of three departments; education, journalism and library science consist of three departments; engineering and technology consist of eight departments; science has 22 departments and home science offers courses on subjects such as food and nutrition, human development, and home science. The Faculty of Law
4900-534: The centenary of Calcutta University, the building was demolished to make space for a more utilitarian building. In 1957, the university's centenary year, it received a grant of ₹ 1 crore (equivalent to ₹ 100 crore or US$ 12 million in 2023) from the University Grants Commission, which aided with the construction of the Centenary Building on the College Street campus and the Law College Building on Hazra Road campus. The Economics Department got its own building in 1958 near Barrackpore Trunk Road . In 1965,
5000-432: The college back in 2015 were found to be not working. Many female students did not know about the machines while others felt self-conscious to use the machines which were placed in corridors and other public parts of the campus. However, the college alleged the quality of pads were so low that students gave them a miss. They also said the after sales service of the company roped in by the state government to install and operate
5100-485: The college was inaugurated by the erstwhile President of India , Pranab Mukherjee on 1 April 2015. Asutosh college is the 12th college in Kolkata that was first to set up rooftop solar plant to produce 20 kW for its own use. The college offers different undergraduate and postgraduate courses and aims at imparting education to the undergraduates and postgraduates of upper-, lower- and middle-class people of Kolkata and its adjoining areas. Science faculty consists of
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#17328764774915200-432: The college was renamed as Asutosh College. In the year 2002, a post graduation course in Environmental Science was introduced. Post graduate courses in Applied Geology , Bengali , Computer Science , Information Science , Geography , Zoology were introduced in between 2009 and 2014. In 2013, add-on courses in Hospital waste disposal management, Industrial Chemistry and Travel & Tourism were introduced. In 2012,
5300-523: The departments of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science & Application, Biochemistry, Geology, Botany, Zoology, Physiology, Microbiology, Psychology, Environmental Science, Industrial Fish & Fisheries, Electronics, and Economics. Arts and Commerce faculty consists of departments of Bengali, English, Communicative English, Sanskrit, Hindi, History, Geography, Political Science, Philosophy, Journalism & Mass Communication, Sociology, and Commerce. Asutosh College are recognized by
5400-955: The fee was €1,951 in 2015. Non-European Union students and students who want to complete a second bachelor's or master's degree pay a legal school fee. Annually, these legal school fees range between €7,000 for bachelor programs and €30,000 for master's programs in medicine. The Ministry of Education supervises all universities, including private institutions. Almost all universities in Norway are public and state-funded. In Poland , public universities are established by Acts of Parliament. The government pays all tuition fees and other costs of public university students. In contrast, private citizens, societies, or companies operate private universities that charge tuition fees directly to students. These institutions are generally held in lower regard than public universities. A small number of private universities do not charge fees, such as John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin . There are thirteen public universities,
5500-424: The first graduates of the university in 1858, and Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu were the first Indian female graduates in 1882. The first chancellor and vice-chancellor of the Calcutta University were Governor General Lord Canning and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Sir William Colvile , respectively. Ashutosh Mukherjee was the vice-chancellor for four consecutive two-year terms (1906–1914) and
5600-454: The first premier of Burma under British rule, Ba Maw , the first president of Nepal , Ram Baran Yadav , and the first democratically elected prime minister of Nepal , Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala , as well as his successor Tulsi Giri . One of the prominent indigenous leaders from the Tripuri Community , Birendra Kishore Roaza , also graduated from the University. Notably, Gyanendra Nath Chakravarti , an influential Indian Theosophist and
5700-420: The government through the University Grants Commission , which handles undergraduate placements and staff appointments. The top institutions include the University of Peradeniya founded in 1942 and the University of Colombo founded in 1921. Sri Lanka also has a joint service military university, the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University , which is operated by the Ministry of Defence . One-third of
5800-414: The highest number of students who have cleared the National Eligibility Test . The University of Calcutta is a member of the United Nations Academic Impact . Fredrick John, the education secretary to the British Government in India, first tendered a proposal to them in London for the establishment of a university in Calcutta, along the lines of London University . In July 1854, the Court of Directors of
5900-470: The latter was adopted as the new university song. The university has produced many scientists, engineers, world leaders, Nobel laureates and teachers. As the oldest university of Bengal and India, it attracts students from diverse walks of life. Nobel laureates who either studied or worked there include Rabindranath Tagore , Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman , Ronald Ross , Amartya Sen and Abhijit Banerjee . The Academy Award winning director Satyajit Ray
6000-535: The leading founders of Pakistan, studied dentistry at the university. A nationalist leader and former president of the Indian National Congress , co-founder of the Indian National Army , and head of state of the Provisional Government of Free India , Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose also spent some time at the university. Other presidents of the Indian National Congress include Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee , Surendranath Banerjee , Anandamohan Bose , Romesh Chunder Dutt , Bhupendra Nath Bose and Madan Mohan Malaviya . Malaviya
6100-455: The legislation of the national government until higher education was moved to the control of the three communities in 1990. Consequently, the Flemish , the French , and the German communities determine which institutes of higher education organize and issue diplomas. Until the 1970s, Belgium had two state universities: the University of Liège (ULiège) and the Ghent University (UGent), both founded in 1817. These are often referred to as
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#17328764774916200-476: The machines, were unpredictable and bad. University of Calcutta The University of Calcutta , informally known as Calcutta University ( CU ), is a public state university located in Kolkata , West Bengal , India . It has 151 affiliated undergraduate colleges and 16 institutes in Kolkata and nearby areas. It was established on 24 January 1857 and is the oldest multidisciplinary university of Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asian Region. Today,
6300-408: The mid-1970s, it had become one of the largest universities in the world. It had 13 colleges under its direct control and more than 150 affiliated colleges, along with 16 postgraduate faculties. In the year 2001, the University of Calcutta was awarded the 'Five-Star' status in the first cycle of the university's accreditation by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). In 2009 and 2017,
6400-447: The national or state governments. India also has an "open" public university, the Indira Gandhi National Open University which offers distance education. In terms of the number of enrolled students, it is now the largest university in the world with over four million students. In Indonesia , the government supports public universities in each province. Funding comes through the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology and
6500-461: The number of places available. For some departments, entrance exams may take place at the sole discretion of the head of the department. Anyone can apply within five years of passing the Higher Secondary Examination . For engineering courses, admission is based on the West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination (WBJEE) rankings. Meanwhile, for postgraduate courses and doctoral degree courses, one has to take an entrance exam or written test given by
6600-446: The number of students and candidates. After almost sixty years, a second building, known as the Darbhanga Building, was erected in 1912 with a donation of ₹ 2.5 lakh (equivalent to ₹ 7.7 crore or US$ 930,000 in 2023) from Maharaja Maheshwar Singh Bahadur. The Darbhanga Building housed the University Law College , its library and some university offices and afforded space to hold university examinations on its top floor. In
6700-418: The provincial and municipal governments. Some of the public universities in Iran offer tuition-free and tuition-based programs. State-run universities are highly selective and competitive. There are nine official universities in Israel , a few dozen colleges, and about a dozen foreign university extensions. The Council for Higher Education in Israel supervises all of these institutions academically. Only
6800-494: The public universities in Macau . There are twenty public universities in Malaysia , funded by the government but governed as self-managed institutions. Tribhuvan University was the first public university in Nepal . It operates through six different institutes and is affiliated with various colleges. There are government-funded Purbanchal University and Pokhara University . There are 107 public universities in Pakistan , compared to 76 private universities. University of
6900-661: The region". This contrasts with the research-oriented aspects of national universities. In 2010, 127,872 students were attending 95 public universities, compared to 86 national universities and 597 private universities in Japan. Many public universities are relatively new; in 1980, there were only 34 public universities in Japan. Since July 2003, public universities may incorporate under the Local Independent Administrative Institutions Law. In South Korea , most public universities are national. There are 29 national universities, eighteen special universities, and ten educational universities. In addition, there are two national colleges and
7000-579: The same for all public universities. Except for some fields of study, notably medicine, all Austrians who pass the Matura exam have the right to attend any public university. Overenrolled degree programs have introduced additional entrance exams that students must pass in the first year or before starting the degree, especially with scientific subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Private universities have existed since 1999 but are considered easier than public universities and thus hold less esteem. All public universities in Belgium were operated under
7100-568: The same through the seal's transitions. The university has a total of 14 campuses spread over the city of Kolkata and its suburbs. They are referred to as Sikhsa Prangan , which means education premises. Major campuses include the Central Campus (Ashutosh Shiksha Prangan) on College Street, University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture (Rashbehari Shiksha Prangan or Rajabazar Science College or Science College) in Rajabazar , Taraknath Palit Shiksha Prangan in Ballygunge and Sahid Khudiram Siksha Prangan in Alipore . Other campuses include
7200-417: The same year, the Government of British India granted a sum of ₹ 8 lakh (equivalent to ₹ 25 crore or US$ 3.0 million in 2023) for the acquisition of a market, Madhab Babu's Bazar, situated adjacent to the Senate House, and construction of a new building for the teaching departments began. It opened in 1926, and was later named the Asutosh Building, after Asutosh Mukherjee, vice-chancellor of
7300-486: The site and ₹ 170,561 (equivalent to ₹ 78 million or US$ 940,000 in 2023) was sanctioned to construct the new building on College Street . It opened in 1873 and was called Senate House. It had meeting halls for the Senate, a chamber for the vice-chancellor, the office of the registrar, examination rooms and lecture halls. In 1904, postgraduate teaching and research began at the university, which led to an increase in
7400-434: The southern part of the city, houses the departments of agriculture, anthropology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, geography, genetics, statistics, zoology, neuroscience, marine science, biotechnology, and most notably geology, among others. It also houses S. N. Pradhan Centre For Neurosciences and the Institute of Agricultural Science. Sahid Khudiram Siksha Prangan, commonly known as Alipore Campus, located at Alipore,
7500-1079: The state despite being state-funded. As of 2022, the communities fund all recognized universities, public and private, which follow the same rules and laws. The state runs most public universities in Croatia . Students who perform well academically pay only administrative fees which are less than €100 per year. Students who fail multiple classes in a year must retake the courses and pay a partial or full tuition fee. Almost all universities in Denmark are public and are held in higher esteem than their private counterparts. Danish students attend university for free. All universities in Finland are public and free of charge. Most universities and grandes écoles in France are public and charge very low tuition fees—less than €1000 per year. Major exceptions are semi-private grandes écoles such as HEC , EMLyon or INSEAD . Article L731-14 of
7600-494: The student's family wealth, the course of study, and exam performance. A few scholarships are available for the best low-income students at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. However, for research, private funding ranges from low to non-existent, compared to most European countries. The Netherlands Ministry of Education funds most public universities. Dutch citizens and those from European Union countries pay an annual tuition fee for their first bachelor's or master's degree;
7700-480: The top four affiliated colleges of West Bengal. The college has a separate counselling cell for both victims of ragging as well as possible aggressors, as part of an anti-ragging initiative. All the departments have their own libraries and well-organized laboratories for Science departments. In 1996, then Principal Subhankar Chakraborty was accused of moral policing after he asked female students to dress modestly. In early 2018, sanitary pad dispensers, installed in
7800-547: The two historic state universities. In 1965, small specialized single-faculty public institutions were recognized as universities, including the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech ; both are now part of the University of Liège . The Belgian state created smaller public universities that have since merged with larger institutions, including the public university at Mons in 1965 which became part of
7900-515: The university in 1906–14. Between 1912 and 1914, Taraknath Palit and Rash Behari Ghosh , two eminent lawyers, donated assets totalling ₹ 25 lakh (equivalent to ₹ 67 crore or US$ 8.0 million in 2023), and founded the University College of Science at Upper Circular Road (now known as Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road). Before the partition of India , twenty-seven colleges from East Bengal (now Bangladesh) were affiliated with
8000-1337: The university including the first Indian governors of Bihar and Odisha, Lord Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha of Raipur, Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh , governor of the Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, and Banwari Lal Joshi , the former governor of Delhi, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh and the current governor of Uttarakhand. The former rulers of the Indian princely state of Coochbehar and of Saraikela were also alumni of this university, as were colonial-era prime ministers Albion Rajkumar Banerjee of Kashmir and A.K. Fazlul Huq of undivided Bengal. Among its former students are eight chief ministers of West Bengal : Prafulla Chandra Ghosh , Bidhan Chandra Ray , Prafulla Chandra Sen , Ajoy Mukherjee , Siddhartha Shankar Ray , Jyoti Basu , Buddhadeb Bhattacharya , and Mamata Banerjee ; three chief ministers each of Assam : Gopinath Bordoloi , Bishnuram Medhi and Golap Borbora ; chief ministers of Bihar : Krishna Sinha , Binodanand Jha and Ram Sundar Das ; two chief ministers of Meghalaya : B.B. Lyngdoh and S.C. Marak , and two chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh : Ravishankar Shukla , Kamal Nath . The chief ministers of Manipur , Rishang Keishing , Nagaland , S.C. Jamir and Sikkim B B Gurung were also students. Among
8100-494: The university librarian, the inspector of colleges, the system manager and 35 others. They monitor the operation of the university and its affiliated colleges and the university's funding. In 2017, Sonali Chakravarti Banerjee became the 51st vice-chancellor of the university. The university is funded by the University Grants Commission, the Government of West Bengal , other agencies for various research works and by
8200-688: The university or any national level exam related to the subject, held by the UGC. A merit list is prepared on the basis of the exam results. Undergraduates may enroll for a three- or four-year program in engineering. Students choose a major when they enter the university and cannot change it unless they opt later for the university's professional or self-financed postgraduate programs. Science and business disciplines are in high demand, largely in anticipation of better employment prospects. Most programs are organized on an annual basis, though some programs are semester dependent. Most departments offer master's programs of
8300-525: The university's accreditation. The UGC recognized the University of Calcutta as a "University with Potential for Excellence", on 8 December 2005. It was also awarded the status of "Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area" in Electro-Physiological and Neuro-imaging studies including mathematical modeling . The Manuscript Library at the university has also been designated as
8400-548: The university's control was curtailed to Bengal (which included Orissa and Bihar), Assam and Burma provinces. In the act, the Governor-General-in-Council was given the power to the limit territorial jurisdiction of the five universities; Calcutta, Bombay , Madras , the Punjab and Allahabad. Following the Government of British India notification on 20 August 1904, Ceylon went under the University of Madras; provinces, states and agencies of Central India, such as
8500-532: The university's jurisdiction is limited to a few districts of West Bengal, but at the time of its establishment it had a catchment area ranging from Kabul to Myanmar . It is accredited as an "A" grade university by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). The university has a total of fourteen campuses spread over the city of Kolkata and its suburbs. As of 2020, 151 colleges and 21 institutes and centres are affiliated with CU. The university
8600-624: The university's own initiatives like fees, sales proceeds, publications and service charges generated from endowment funds . At one time, the university had a huge catchment area in British India , ranging from Lahore in the west to Rangoon in east and Ceylon in the south. Colleges like Thomason Engineering College (now IIT Roorkee), Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental College (now Aligarh Muslim University ), Canning College, Lucknow (now University of Lucknow ), King George Medical College (now King George's Medical University ), etc. were affiliated to
8700-524: The university. Rabindranath composed two songs instead of one— " Cholo Jai, Cholo Jai " and " Subho Karmapathe Dharo Nirvayo Gaan " (in English, "Let's go, let's go" and "Take up fearless song on the path of good deeds" respectively). The former song was adopted and sung by parading students on the university's foundation day on 24 January 1937. In the post centenary golden jubilee year of the university,
8800-478: The university. Schools situated in districts like Rawalpindi , Lahore , Jaypur , Cawnpur, and Mussoorie used to prepare and send students for the university entrance examination. No provisions to curtail territorial control were made after establishment of University of Punjab and Allahabad in 1882 and 1887 respectively. After the Indian Universities Act of 1904 came in, however, for the first time,
8900-499: The university. The Government of West Bengal passed the Calcutta University Act of 1951, which substituted the earlier act of 1904 and ensured a democratic structure for the university. The West Bengal Secondary Education Act was passed in the same year linking the university with the school leaving examination. Gradually the requirements of the university grew, and the Senate House was becoming incapable of handling them. After
9000-681: The vice-chancellor used to house the Senate meetings. The faculty councils generally met at the residences of the presidents of the faculties concerned, in the Civil Engineering College or in the Writers' Building . Because of the lack of space, university examinations were conducted in the Kolkata Town Hall and in tents in the Maidan urban park. In 1866, a grant of ₹ 81,600 (equivalent to ₹ 37 million or US$ 450,000 in 2023) for
9100-462: Was a Maharaja of Darbhanga . When the university was first established it had a jurisdiction from Kabul to Rangoon and Ceylon , the largest of any Indian university. Calcutta University was the first university east of Suez to teach European classics, English literature , European and Indian philosophy and Occidental and Oriental history. The first medical school in British India,
9200-614: Was a high demand for professional talent by the central government. In 1899, the King founded the School for Training of Civil Officials near the northern gate of the royal palace. Graduates from the school became royal pages, a traditional entrance into the Mahattai Ministry or other government ministries. As of 2019, Thailand has nineteen public universities. In Austria , most universities are public. The state regulates tuition fees, making costs
9300-561: Was also the founder of the Banaras Hindu University . Among the presidents of India associated with this university are Rajendra Prasad (who studied there) and Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan (who taught there), and Pranab Mukherjee , who both studied and taught at affiliated colleges of the university. The former vice president of India , Mohammad Hamid Ansari studied there, as did a former deputy prime minister of India , Jagjivan Ram . Many governors of Indian states studied at
9400-673: Was an alumnus of the university, as was the composer of the national song of India, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay , as was Padma Shri Award winning director Tarun Majumdar . Some of the industrialists who studied at the university include Sir Rajen Mookerjee , Rama Prasad Goenka , Lakshmi Mittal , and Aditya Birla . Notable scientists, medical doctors and mathematicians associated with the university include Jagadish Chandra Bose , Prafulla Chandra Ray , Meghnad Saha , Anil Kumar Gain , Satyendra Nath Bose , Subir Kumar Ghosh , Ashoke Sen , Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay , C. R. Rao , Asima Chatterjee , and Ujjwal Maulik . Fatima Jinnah , one of
9500-547: Was changed when the Government of India Act 1858 was passed by the British parliament . This brought the government and territories of the East India Company , including the University of Calcutta, under the British Crown . Seal three, four and five were introduced in 1930s, The fourth seal faced criticism locally. The current university seal is the modified version of the sixth seal. The motto Advancement of Learning has remained
9600-770: Was cut with the partition of India in 1947 . In 1948, all the schools and colleges in Assam left the university after the establishment of Gauhati University . As of 2020, 151 colleges and 22 institutes and centers, in West Bengal are affiliated with the university. Some of the affiliated colleges include: The university has 60 departments organized into seven faculties: arts, commerce, social welfare and business management, education, journalism and library science, engineering and technology, fine arts, music and home science, law and science; and an agriculture institute with six departments. To provide agricultural education and research,
9700-678: Was established in January 1909 as the University College of Law. It was granted status as the university's department of law in February 1996. This campus is popularly known as Hazra Law College . The faculty has many luminaries associated with it, including Rajendra Prasad, Rashbehari Ghose, and Chittaranjan Das. For undergraduate courses—Arts (BA), Commerce (B.Com.) and Science (BSc) streams (except engineering courses)—one can apply directly for multiple courses based on their Higher Secondary School Certificate examination or any equivalent exam results. Students are shortlisted according to their marks and
9800-625: Was founded in 970 AD as a madrasa ; it formally became a public university in 1961 and is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the world. In the 20th century, Egypt opened many other public universities with government-subsidized tuition fees, including Cairo University in 1908, Alexandria University in 1912, Assiut University in 1928, Ain Shams University in 1957, Helwan University in 1959, Beni-Suef University in 1963, Zagazig University in 1974, Benha University in 1976, and Suez Canal University in 1989. In Kenya ,
9900-745: Was fourth in the Indian University Ranking 2021 list, released by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the Ministry of Education . Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state and government , social reformers, prominent artists, the only Indian Dirac Medal winner, many Fellows of the Royal Society and six Nobel laureates as of 2019. The Nobel laureates associated with this university are Ronald Ross , Rabindranath Tagore , C. V. Raman , Amartya Sen , and Abhijit Banerjee . The university has
10000-483: Was ranked 26th overall by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024 and 18th among universities. In 2001, the University of Calcutta was awarded "Five-Star" status in the first cycle of the university's accreditation by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). In 2009 and 2017, NAAC awarded its highest grade of 'A' to the University of Calcutta in the second and third cycle of
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