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33-572: Arut River is a river in the province of Kalimantan Tengah , island of Borneo , Indonesia , about 700 km northeast of the capital Jakarta . It is a tributary of the Lamandau River . The river flows through the north side of Pangkalan Bun town. The river flows in the southern area of Kalimantan with a predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in

66-408: A Dayak oral literature in the form of musicalized rhyme scheme . Japen is mainly made of wood and nylon rope for its strings. Garantung is a percussion instrument that is fairly similar with kempul in gamelan . It is a type of hanging gong that is normally played ensembly with Gandang Manca or Gandang Kembar. Gandang Manca itself is a two-headed drum of Dayak traditional musical instrument that

99-400: A dual ecosystem, with diverse tropical trees standing on a 10m - 12m layer of peat - partly decayed and waterlogged plant material - which in turn covers relatively infertile soil. Peat is a major store of carbon. If broken down and burned it contributes to CO 2 emissions, a source of global warming . Unlike northern forests, which regenerate in 10–30 years even after clear-cut felling,

132-401: A large investment in constructing irrigation canals and removing trees. The project did not succeed, and was eventually abandoned after causing considerable damage to the environment. The peat swamp forest in the south of Kalimantan is an unusual ecoregion that is home to many unique or rare species such as orangutans , as well as to slow-growing but valuable trees. The peat swamp forest is

165-588: A sharp edge and is 70 cm long, (ii) the Pulang Gagang or the hilt that is usually made of wood, deer's horns, or even human bones, and (iii) the Sarung or the sheath which covers the blade and is typically made of wood and usually covered with bracelet-shaped bone on the upper part and wrapped by rattan rope. The Talawang is a shield that mainly made of Bornean iron wood that is carved with certain motifs and adorned with some bright colors. In ancient times, this weapon

198-399: Is Japen, Garantung, and Gandang Manca which are traditional Dayak musical instruments. These musical instruments are usually played during traditional procession or ritual. Japen or Kecapi is a lute-like instrument that is honored by Dayak people. This traditional musical instrument is usually played as an accompaniment for Central Kalimantan traditional music such as Karungut recitation,

231-577: Is a protected peatland area internationally acknowledged as sanctuary for the endangered Orangutan . Recently the peat swamp forests have been damaged by the Mega Rice Project , which unsuccessfully sought to turn large areas into rice paddies . The province's climate is wet weather equatorial zone with an eight-month rainy season, and 4 months of dry season. Rainfall or precipitation is 2,776—3,393 mm per year with an average of 145 rainy days annually. Central Kalimantan has numerous rivers from

264-561: Is built on stilts. This traditional house structure is mainly made of iron wood which is commonly anti-termite and resistant to high humidity, thus the house can stand up to hundreds of years. Huma Betang is very well-known for its huge and long size. The length of this house structure is usually between 30 and 150 metres, the width is somewhere between 5 and 30 metres, and the height is approximately 3 to 6 metres. Due to its huge and long size, this house can be occupied by up to 150 people and usually inhabited by one big family. Central Kalimantan

297-504: Is divided into 67 traditional law areas known as Kedamangan , headed by Damang . The system is intended to culturally recognise and preserve the customs and heritage of the Dayak tribes. The province now forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council . The Central Kalimantan Electoral District consists of all of the 13 regencies in

330-427: Is dominated by two main ecological regions. Those two are peat ecological region which covered 26% of the total area of Central Kalimantan and the fluvial plain ecoregion which covered 21% of the whole area of Central Kalimantan. Due to its high concentration of peat ecological region, Central Kalimantan is prone to drought and peat fires during the dry season and inundation during the rainy season within each episodes of

363-472: Is dry at all times of the year. The government has therefore abandoned the MRP, but the drying peat is vulnerable to fires which continue to break out on a massive scale. Peat forest destruction is causing sulphuric acid pollution of the rivers. In the rainy seasons, the canals are discharging acidic water with a high ratio of pyritic sulphate into rivers up to 150 km upstream from the river mouth. This may be

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396-627: Is mainly made of wood for the body of the drum and leather membranes to cover the cavity at both ends that are tied by rattan rope. Both Garantung and Gandang Manca are commonly played ensembly as an accompaniment for Dayak traditional processions and rituals. The most notable fine arts of Dayak people is the traditional house. The traditional house of Dayak people in Central Kalimantan is commonly called Huma Betang. Huma Betang or simply called Betang like many other traditional houses in Indonesia

429-521: Is well-known for its unique traditional carving. The three most famous carving from this province are the three dimensional wood carving sculpture of Sapundu and the traditional weapons i.e. Mandau and Talawang. Sapundu sculpture is a three dimensional wood carving in the form of humanoid statue. This sculpture is commonly adorned with decorative motifs or even colors. Sapundu sculpture is mainly made of Bornean iron wood and usually presents during Tiwah procession. In ancient times, Sapundu sculpture symbolized

462-542: The ENSO and the IOD . These situations worsen because of massive deforestation in the region and climate change. Central Kalimantan is also home for many endemic floras and faunas like orangutans , proboscis monkeys , hornbill birds, rattan , Bornean iron wood , etc. This province currently has three national parks i.e. Sabangau National Park , Tanjung Puting National Park , and Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park which are home to

495-639: The Ngaju , Ot Danum and Dusun Ma'anyan Ot Siang. The three major tribes extended into several branches of prominent Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan such as Lawangan , Taboyan, Dusun Siang, Boyan, Bantian, Dohoi and Kadori. In addition to the indigenous Dayak tribes, there are also ethnic groups from other areas of Indonesia, including Malays , Javanese , Madurese , Batak , Toraja , Ambonese , Bugis , Palembang, Minang , Banjarese , Makassar, Papuan, Balinese , Acehnese and also Chinese . The most well-known traditional musical instrument from Central Kalimantan

528-519: The 2022 partition) with a size of 153,443.91 km (59,245.02 sq mi), about 1.5 times the size of the island of Java and it is slightly larger than Bangladesh or the U.S. state of Illinois . It is bordered by West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan provinces to the north, by the Java Sea to the south, by South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan provinces to the east, and by West Kalimantan province to west. The Schwaner Mountains stretch from

561-489: The area is 24 °C. The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 24 °C, and the coldest is July, at 22 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2778 mm. The wettest month is November, with an average of 570 mm of rainfall, and the driest is September, with 66 mm of rainfall. 2°43′09″S 111°34′41″E  /  2.7191°S 111.5781°E  / -2.7191; 111.5781 Kalimantan Tengah The population growth rate

594-579: The catchment areas to the north in the Schwaner Mountains , flowing to the Java Sea . The major rivers include: Rivers are an important mode of transportation and a primary location for settlement. With relatively undeveloped infrastructure, the province's economy relies heavily on the rivers. Based upon the research of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Central Kalimantan has approximately 10 different ecological regions and

627-519: The eighteenth century the central region of Kalimantan and its Dayak inhabitants were ruled by the Muslim Sultanate of Banjar . Following Indonesian independence after World War II , Dayak tribes demanded a province separate from South Kalimantan province. In 1957 South Kalimantan was divided to provide the Dayak population with greater autonomy from the Muslim population in the province. The change

660-567: The endemic floras and faunas of Kalimantan. Central Kalimantan Province, when separated from South Kalimantan in 1958, comprised three regencies ( kabupaten ) - Barito , Kapuas and Kotawaringin . However on 26 June 1959 two of these were split - Barito Regency was divided into a South Barito Regency and a North Barito Regency, while Kotawaringin Regency was divided into a West Kotawaringin Regency and an East Kotawaringin Regency. On 14 June 1965

693-492: The national census in 2020; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 2,773,747. The sex ratio of this province is 107 which means there are 107 males to every 100 females. The population density of Central Kalimantan is only 18 people/km . Religion in Central Kalimantan (2022) According to the Statistics on 2021, the largest religious group in Central Kalimantan province is Islam with more than 74% of its total population. Then,

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726-608: The north-east of the province to the south-west, 80% of which is covered in dense forest, peatland swamps , mangroves , rivers and traditional agriculture land. Highland areas in the north-east are remote and not easily accessible. Non-volcanic mounts are scattered in this area including Kengkabang , Samiajang , Liang Pahang and Ulu Gedang . The centre of the province is covered with tropical forest, which produces rattan , resin and valuable timber such as Ulin and Meranti . The southern lowlands are dominated by peatland swamps that intersect with many rivers. Sabangau National Park

759-696: The peat swamp forest may take several centuries to regenerate. The peat swamp forests of Kalimantan were being slowly cleared for small scale farming and plantations before 1997, but most of the original cover remained. In 1996 the Indonesian government initiated the Mega Rice Project (MRP), which aimed to convert one million hectares of peat swamp forest to rice paddies . Between 1996 and 1998, more than 4,000 km of drainage and irrigation channels were dug, and deforestation started in part through legal forestry and in part through burning. The water channels, and

792-425: The province now is administratively divided into thirteen regencies (each headed by a regent) and the single city. These are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. In addition to the civil service, Central Kalimantan also recognises a traditional governing system led by traditional leaders known as Damang . The province

825-476: The province, together with the city of Palangkaraya, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative Council. A Russian company had been contracted to build railroads from Central Kalimantan to East Kalimantan for coal transportation, with an estimated cost of US$ 2.4 billion, that was expected to start in 2013 and be completed by 2017. The total population of Central Kalimantan was 2,669,969 people based upon

858-519: The provincial capital of Palangka Raya was split off from Kapuas Regency to form an independent city ( kotamadya ). On 10 April 2002 an additional eight regencies were created by splitting existing regencies - Sukamara and Lamandau from parts of West Kotawaringin Regency, Seruyan and Katingan from parts of East Kotawaringin Regency, Pulang Pisau and Gunung Mas from parts of Kapuas Regency, East Barito from part of South Barito Regency, and Murung Raya from part of North Barito Regency. Thus

891-402: The roads and railways built for legal forestry, opened up the region to illegal forestry. In the MRP area, forest cover dropped from 64.8% in 1991 to 45.7% in 2000, and clearance has continued since then. It appears that almost all the marketable trees have now been removed from the areas covered by the MRP. Where the forests had often flooded up to 2m deep in the rainy season, now their surface

924-431: The second largest group is Christianity with more than 19% of its total population. The rest of the population adhere to the local belief of Kaharingan , Hinduism, and Buddhism with more than 5%. Ethnicity in Central Kalimantan (2010) Central Kalimantan is predominantly inhabited by the Dayak people that would further be divided into three major Dayak sub-ethnics. The three major Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan are

957-464: The social status of its owner and was believed to possess magical powers. The Mandau and Talawang are the main traditional weapon of Dayak people in Central Kalimantan. The Mandau is a type of sword with a single edge blade i.e. one side is convex and the other side is concave. The Mandau consists of three different parts, which are (i) the Bilah or the blade that made of Mantikei iron plate with

990-470: The traditional dances from Central Kalimantan: Mega Rice Project (Kalimantan) The Mega Rice Project was initiated in 1996 in the southern sections of Kalimantan , the Indonesian section of Borneo . The goal was to turn one million hectares of unproductive and sparsely populated peat swamp forest into rice paddies in an effort to alleviate Indonesia's growing food shortage. The government made

1023-465: Was almost 3.0% per annum between 1990 and 2000, one of the highest provincial growth rates in Indonesia during that time; in the subsequent decade to 2010 the average annual growth rate slowed markedly to around 1.8%, but it rose again in the decade beginning 2010. More than is the case in other provinces on Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan is populated by the Dayaks , the indigenous inhabitants of Borneo. Since

Arut River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-523: Was approved by the Indonesian Government on 23 May 1957 under Presidential Law No. 10 Year 1957, which declared Central Kalimantan the seventeenth province of Indonesia. President Sukarno appointed the Dayak-born national hero Tjilik Riwut as the first Governor and Palangkaraya the provincial capital. Central Kalimantan is the largest Indonesian province by area ( Papua held this position until

1089-500: Was used as a protection against wild animals and enemy's arrows and sword slashes. However, the function currently shifts to become a decorative ornament of Kaharingan temples, public buildings, or even people's houses mostly in Central Kalimantan. Central Kalimantan is home for various sub-ethnics of Dayak tribe. Each of those Dayak sub-ethnics live spread out across all regencies in Central Kalimantan. This makes every regency have their own unique traditional dances. These are some of

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