35-886: Arthur Murphy may refer to: Arthur Murphy (writer) (1727–1805), pseudonym Charles Ranger, Irish writer Arthur Murphy (broadcaster) (1928–2019), Irish television and radio broadcaster Arthur Edward Murphy (1901–1962), American philosopher Arthur G. Murphy Sr. (died 1978), American politician in the Maryland House of Delegates Arthur H. Murphy (1831–1903), Canadian entrepreneur and political figure in Quebec Arthur Murphy (Idaho politician) (1898–1977), American politician from Idaho Arthur P. Murphy (1870–1914), U.S. Representative from Missouri Arthur W. Murphy , law professor at Columbia University Arthur William Murphy (1891–1963), Australian engineer and aviator in
70-422: A "comic epic poem in prouse", he blended two classical traditions: that of the epic, which had been poetic, and that of the drama, but emphasizing the comic rather than the tragic. Another distinction of Joseph Andrews and the novels to come was use of everyday reality of character and action, as opposed to the fables of the past. While begun as a parody, it developed into an accomplished novel in its own right and
105-588: A fortnightly, The Covent-Garden Journal , published under the pseudonym "Sir Alexander Drawcansir, Knt., Censor of Great Britain" until November of that year. Here Fielding challenged the "armies of Grub Street " and periodical writers of the day in a conflict that became the Paper War of 1752–1753 . Fielding then published Examples of the Interposition of Providence in the Detection and Punishment of Murder (1752),
140-438: A fortune, but borrows money from his father and embarks on an insurance fraud involving shipwrecked goods. Maria plans to marry Beaufort, who loves her. As Young Philpot tries to propose, she convinces him she is half-witted, and he spurns her. In the second act, Philpot senior is visiting Corinna, a lady of loose virtue, but hides under the table when his son calls upon her. He overhears as Young Philpot tells her how he has cajoled
175-557: A minor piece in his life's work, it reflects his preoccupation with fraud, shamming and masks. His greatest work is The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749), a meticulous comic novel with elements of the picaresque and the Bildungsroman , telling a convoluted tale of how a foundling came into a fortune. The novel tells of Tom's alienation from his foster father, Squire Allworthy, and his sweetheart, Sophia Western, and his reconciliation with them after lively and dangerous adventures on
210-479: A political follower of Chesterfield. The other prominent opposition paper, Common Sense , founded by Chesterfield and Lyttelton, was named after a character in Fielding's Pasquin (1736). Fielding wrote at least two articles for it in 1737 and 1738. Fielding continued to air political views in satirical articles and newspapers in the late 1730s and early 1740s. He was the main writer and editor from 1739 to 1740 for
245-523: A proposal for abolishing public hangings. This did not, however, imply opposition to capital punishment as such – as is evident, for example, in his presiding in 1751 over the trial of the notorious criminal James Field , finding him guilty in a robbery and sentencing him to hang. John Fielding, despite being blind by then, succeeded his older brother as chief magistrate, becoming known as the "Blind Beak of Bow Street" for his ability to recognise criminals by their voices alone. In January 1752 Fielding started
280-559: A successful writer. Her novel The Governess, or The Little Female Academy (1749) is thought to be the first in English aimed expressly at children. Fielding married Charlotte Craddock in 1734 at the Church of St Mary in Charlcombe , Somerset. She died in 1744, and he later modelled the heroines of Tom Jones and of Amelia on her. They had five children; their only daughter Henrietta died at
315-629: A treatise rejecting deistic and materialistic visions of the world in favour of belief in God's presence and divine judgement, arguing that the murder rate was rising due to neglect of the Christian religion. In 1753 he wrote Proposals for Making an Effectual Provision for the Poor . Fielding's humanitarian commitment to justice in the 1750s (for instance in support of Elizabeth Canning ) coincided with rapid deterioration in his health. Gout , asthma and cirrhosis of
350-495: A wealthy benefactor, on whom Squire Allworthy in Tom Jones would be based. Allen went on to provide for the education and support of Fielding's children after the writer's death. Fielding never stopped writing political satire and satires of current arts and letters. The Tragedy of Tragedies (for which Hogarth designed the frontispiece) was, for example, quite successful as a printed play. Based on his earlier Tom Thumb , this
385-443: Is The Citizen , a farce, first produced at Drury Lane in 1761. The play included Ann Elliot as Maria. Ann was Murphy's protege and mistress. Philpot, a wealthy skinflint, has bargained with Sir Jasper Wilding, a fox hunter, for his son Young Philpot, a buck and wastrel, to marry Maria Wilding, and for his daughter Sally to marry Wilding's son, for settlements and twenty thousand pounds paid to Sir Jasper. Young Philpot has lost
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#1732901285839420-500: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Arthur Murphy (writer) Arthur Murphy (27 December 1727 – 18 June 1805), also known by the pseudonym Charles Ranger , was an Irish writer and barrister . He established himself in London as a leading playwright . Murphy was born at Cloonyquin, County Roscommon , Ireland, the son of Richard Murphy and Jane French. He studied at
455-619: Is seen as Fielding's debut as a serious novelist. In 1743, he published a novel in the Miscellanies volume III (which was the first volume of the Miscellanies): The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great , which is sometimes counted as his first, as he almost certainly began it before he wrote Shamela and Joseph Andrews . It is a satire of Walpole equating him and Jonathan Wild , the gang leader and highwayman. He implicitly compares
490-533: The Church of England led to his appointment a year later as Westminster's chief magistrate , while his literary career went from strength to strength. Most of his work concerned London's criminal population of thieves, informers, gamblers and prostitutes. Though living in a corrupt and callous society, he became noted for impartial judgements, incorruptibility and compassion for those whom social inequities led into crime. The income from his office ("the dirtiest money upon earth") dwindled as he refused to take money from
525-524: The Whig party in Parliament with a gang of thieves run by Walpole, whose constant desire to be a "Great Man" (a common epithet with Walpole) ought to culminate in the antithesis of greatness: hanging. Fielding's anonymous The Female Husband (1746) fictionalizes a case in which a female transvestite was tried for duping another woman into marriage; this was one of several small pamphlets costing sixpence. Though
560-630: The Jesuit-run College of Saint-Omer , France, and was a gifted student of the Latin and Greek classics. He worked as an actor in the theatre, became a barrister , a journalist and finally a (not very original) playwright. He edited Gray's Inn Journal between 1752 and 1754. As Henry Thrale 's oldest and dearest friend, he introduced Samuel Johnson to the Thrales in January 1765. No. 16 Hammersmith Terrace
595-597: The Life and Genius of Samuel Johnson , his 1762 Fielding 's Works and his 1801 Life of David Garrick . Murphy is thought to have coined the legal term "wilful misconstruction" whilst representing the Donaldson v. Becket appeal to the House of Lords in 1774 against the perpetual possession of copyright . Arthur Murphy was devoted to Ann Elliot and he missed her after her early death. After Arthur Murphy's death this relationship
630-643: The Prime Minister, Sir Robert Walpole . His patron was the opposition Whig MP George Lyttelton , a boyhood friend from Eton to whom he later dedicated Tom Jones . Lyttelton followed his leader Lord Cobham in forming a Whig opposition to Walpole's government called the Cobhamites , which included another of Fielding's Eton friends, William Pitt. In The Craftsman , Fielding voiced an opposition attack on bribery and corruption in British politics. Despite writing for
665-646: The Royal Australian Air Force Art Murphy (1942–2006), American classical and jazz musician, pianist and composer [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Murphy&oldid=1010118618 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
700-438: The age of 23, having already been "in deep decline" when she married a military engineer, James Gabriel Montresor , some months before. Three years after Charlotte's death, Fielding disregarded public opinion by marrying her former maid Mary Daniel, who was pregnant. Mary bore five children: three daughters who died young, and two sons, William and Allen. Despite the scandal, Fielding's consistent anti-Jacobitism and support for
735-402: The deeds, so that Philpot has unwittingly signed his agreement for Maria to marry Beaufort. All dates refer to the play's first production, except where otherwise stated. Henry Fielding Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 – 8 October 1754) was an English writer and magistrate known for the use of humour and satire in his works. His 1749 comic novel The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
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#1732901285839770-519: The eighteenth century. Henry Fielding would construct "the non-ironic pseudonym such as Addison and Steele used in the Spectator, and the ironic mask or Persona , such as Swift used in A Modest Proposal." The Theatrical Licensing Act of 1737 is said to be a direct response to his activities in writing for the theatre. Although the play that triggered the act was the unproduced, anonymously authored The Golden Rump , Fielding's dramatic satires had set
805-466: The money out of his father. Maria's brother surprises them, and old Philpot is also discovered, to their mutual shame. In the final scene Sir Jasper with a lawyer obtains Philpot's signature to the agreements, but meanwhile Maria, an educated girl, shows her strong character to Young Philpot and he again refuses to propose. Having signed away his rights old Philpot offers to marry her, but the lawyer reveals himself as Beaufort, and explains that he has swapped
840-580: The opposition to Walpole, which included Tories as well as Whigs, Fielding was "unshakably a Whig " and often praised Whig heroes such as the Duke of Marlborough and Gilbert Burnet . Fielding dedicated his play Don Quixote in England to the opposition Whig leader Lord Chesterfield . It appeared on 17 April 1734, the same day writs were issued for the general election . He dedicated his 1735 play The Universal Gallant to Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough ,
875-466: The road and in London. It triumphs as a presentation of English life and character in the mid-18th century. Every social type is represented and through them every shade of moral behaviour. Fielding's varied style tempers the basic seriousness of the novel and his authorial comment before each chapter adds a dimension to a conventional, straightforward narrative. Fielding's younger sister, Sarah , also became
910-534: The satirical paper The Champion , which was sharply critical of Walpole's government and of pro-government literary and political writers. He sought to evade libel charges by making its political attacks so funny or embarrassing to the victim that a publicized court case would seem even worse. He later became chief writer for the Whig government of Henry Pelham . Fielding took to novel writing in 1741, angered by Samuel Richardson 's success with Pamela . His first success
945-495: The tone. Once it was passed, political satire on stage became all but impossible. Fielding retired from the theatre and resumed his legal career to support his wife Charlotte Craddock and two children by becoming a barrister , joining the Middle Temple in 1737 and being called to the bar there in 1740. Fielding's lack of financial acumen meant the family often endured periods of poverty, but they were helped by Ralph Allen ,
980-512: The very poor. Joined by his younger half-brother John , he helped found what some call London's first police force, the Bow Street Runners , in 1749. According to the historian G. M. Trevelyan , the Fieldings were two of the best magistrates in 18th-century London, who did much to enhance judicial reform and improve prison conditions. Fielding's influential pamphlets and enquiries included
1015-565: Was a seminal work in the genre. Along with Samuel Richardson , Fielding is seen as the founder of the traditional English novel. He also played an important role in the history of law enforcement in the United Kingdom , using his authority as a magistrate to found the Bow Street Runners , London's first professional police force . Henry Fielding was born on 22 April 1707 at Sharpham Park, the seat of his mother's family in Sharpham , Somerset. He
1050-479: Was an anonymous parody of that novel, called Shamela . This follows the model of Tory satirists of the previous generation, notably Swift and Gay. Fielding followed this with Joseph Andrews (1742), an original work supposedly dealing with Pamela's brother, Joseph. His purpose, however, was more than parody, for as stated in the preface, he intended a "kind of writing which I do not remember to have seen hitherto attempted in our language." In what Fielding called
1085-462: Was another of Fielding's irregular plays published under the name of H. Scriblerus Secundus, a pseudonym intended to link himself ideally with the Scriblerus Club of literary satirists founded by Jonathan Swift , Alexander Pope and John Gay . He also contributed several works to journals. From 1734 to 1739, Fielding wrote anonymously for the leading Tory periodical, The Craftsman , against
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1120-632: Was built for him in 1775. He was appointed Commissioner of Bankruptcy in 1803. But his own debts caught up with him and he was forced to sell the house and part of his library. He died on 18 June 1805 at his new home, 14 Queen's Row, Knightsbridge and was buried in Hammersmith. Murphy is known for his translations of Tacitus in 1793. They were reprinted in the Family Classical Library ( A. J. Valpy , 1830-1834) and were still published in 1922. He also wrote three biographies: his 1792 An Essay on
1155-478: Was infatuated) while she was on her way to church. He fled to avoid prosecution. In 1728, Fielding travelled to Leiden to study classics and law at the university. However, penury forced him back to London, where he began writing for the theatre. Some of his work savagely criticised the government of Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole . According to George R. Levine, Henry Fielding, in his first writings used two forms of "rhetorical poses" that were popular during
1190-763: Was the son of Lt.-Gen. Edmund Fielding and Sarah Gould, daughter of Sir Henry Gould. A scion of the Earl of Denbigh , his father was nephew of William Fielding, 3rd Earl of Denbigh. Educated at Eton College , Fielding began a lifelong friendship with William Pitt the Elder . His mother died when he was 11. A suit for custody was brought by his grandmother against his charming but irresponsible father, Lt Gen. Edmund Fielding . The settlement placed Henry in his grandmother's care, but he continued to see his father in London. In 1725, Henry tried to abduct his cousin Sarah Andrews (with whom he
1225-493: Was written about by Fanny Burney who found Murphy's devotion to Elliot fascinating. A biography was written in 1811 by Dr. Jesse Foot . Nathaniel Dance painted his portrait which is thought to now be in the Irish National Portrait Collection. His elder brother was known as James Murphy French, using his mother's surname. He lived in London with his brother. An example of Murphy's theatrical writings
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