Sheriffs In the United States are the chief of law enforcement officers of a county . Sheriffs are usually either elected by the populace or appointed by an elected body.
150-476: Joseph Michael Arpaio ( / ɑːr ˈ p aɪ oʊ / ; born June 14, 1932) is an American former law enforcement officer and politician. He was the Sheriff of Maricopa County, Arizona for 24 years, from 1993 to 2017, losing reelection to Democrat Paul Penzone in 2016. Starting in 2005, Arpaio took an outspoken stance against illegal immigration , styling himself as " America's Toughest Sheriff ". In 2010, he became
300-567: A credit card fraud case involving the Arizona Diamondbacks and a mortgage fraud case in Arpaio's home city of Fountain Hills. When county supervisors provided more than $ 600,000 to fund six additional detective positions to investigate child abuse in fiscal 2007, none were added to the sex-crimes squad. Sheriff's administrators concluded they had no idea where positions were added or what became of
450-455: A sergeant at arms for town meetings. Prior to the abolition of county sheriffs in 2000, duties of sheriffs in Connecticut were limited to process serving, court bailiffs, and executing search and arrest warrants. Other law enforcement duties, such as emergency response, highway patrol and traffic enforcement, and maintaining public order were left to municipal police departments or constables or
600-475: A " concentration camp " — as a temporary extension of the Maricopa County Jail for convicted and sentenced prisoners. It was located in a yard next to a more permanent structure. He later claimed that the "concentration camp" remark had been a joke, pointing out: "What difference does it make? I still survived. I still kept getting re-elected.” In 1997, Amnesty International said Arpaio's tent city jail
750-406: A "General (Under Honorable Conditions)"—are given to service members who engaged in minor to moderate misconduct, or performed satisfactorily but failed to meet performance standards expected of military members. Reasons for such a characterization of service vary, and are utilized by the unit commander as a means to correct unacceptable behavior prior to initiating discharge action (unless the reason
900-433: A "big chicken dinner" or "big crazy duck", from the initialism, can only be given by a court-martial (either special or general) as a punishment for an enlisted service member. Bad conduct discharges may be preceded by a period of confinement in a military prison . The discharge itself is not issued until completion of the appellate review process, or in the cases of discharges involving a prison sentence, completion of both
1050-527: A "duck dinner", is the worst type of discharge in the US military. It can only be handed down to a military member by a general court-martial : dishonorable discharges are rendered by conviction from a general court-martial for exceptionally serious offenses (e.g., treason , espionage , desertion , sexual assault , or murder ). With a dishonorable discharge, all or almost all benefits are forfeited, regardless of any past honorable service, and this type of discharge
1200-478: A Reduction in Force (RIF) typically receive an honorable discharge, assuming their conduct while on active duty met or exceeded standards. Individuals with honorable discharges will also, under certain circumstances, be allowed to re-enlist in the US military. According to AR 635-200, paragraph 9–4, "The service of Soldiers discharged under this section will be characterized as honorable or under honorable conditions unless
1350-583: A candidate in the Republican primary for Maricopa County Attorney, and Arizona Attorney General candidate Tom Horne , despite the fact that Arpaio was not running for re-election at the time (his term did not expire until the end of 2012). In August 2010, following the filing of complaints to the Maricopa Elections Department, the Office of Maricopa County Attorney found that one of the advertisements,
1500-486: A case can be cleared by exception only when a perpetrator's identity and location is known and there is sufficient evidence to support prosecution, but, due to special circumstances (such as the suspect dying, or extradition not being possible), an arrest cannot be made. In an interview on the ABC 's Nightline news program, when asked to explain why 82 percent of cases were declared cleared by exception, Arpaio said, "We do clear
1650-529: A commission must generally be reviewed by the Admiralty Board . Other types of discharges include: Most often, when someone leaves the US military , they are separated, not discharged. Enlisting in the US military generally entails an eight-year commitment, served with a combination of active and reserve service. Individuals who voluntarily separate from active duty with fewer than eight years normally fulfill
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#17328632469231800-483: A copy of the DD 214. There are two DD 214 types: the deleted (or "short") version, and the undeleted (or "long") version. The deleted version omits certain information, including the reason for discharge. Employers often request the unedited version, but the legality of this is debatable in certain situations. It can be denied, especially if the "long" version references facts that violate the right to privacy or could be used in
1950-400: A court-martial convicts an officer but imposes a sentence that does not include a dismissal, the secretary of the officer's service branch may drop that officer from the roll (official list) of officers in that branch. Such a separation is characterized as administrative rather than punitive. After discharge, a service member (or their next-of-kin, if the service member is deceased) can appeal
2100-440: A court-martial, nor can they be given a bad conduct discharge or a dishonorable discharge. If an officer is convicted by a general court-martial, then that officer's sentence can include a "dismissal", a separation carrying the same consequences as a dishonorable discharge for an enlisted person and a reduction in rank to the last rank at which the officer served satisfactorily. A US Treasury decision states that even though an officer
2250-429: A crime has been or is being committed." In July 2017, he was convicted of criminal contempt of court , a crime for which he was pardoned by President Donald Trump on August 25, 2017. In a separate racial-profiling case which concluded in 2013, Arpaio and his subordinates were found to have unfairly targeted Hispanics in conducting traffic stops. Although Arpaio sought another term as Maricopa County Sheriff in 2016,
2400-407: A day, meaning they can make arrests with or without a warrant (provided the warrant-less arrest is a result of a violation of law committed in their presence or view). The duties of an Arkansas sheriff generally include providing law enforcement services to residents, managing county jail(s), and providing bailiffs for the county, district, circuit, and other courts within the county. By Arkansas law,
2550-691: A denial by the Brady background check that must be performed and passed to allow a sale. According to the Department of Defense , of 207,000 service members that were discharged in 2014, more than 18,000 (9%) were issued less-than-honorable paperwork, with 4143 veterans (2.0%) receiving other-than-honorable discharges, 637 (0.31%) receiving bad conduct discharges, and 157 (0.08%) receiving dishonorable discharges. Between 2000 and 2014, 352,000 people in all were handed similar papers, ranging from general to dishonorable. Commissioned officers cannot be reduced in rank by
2700-500: A difficult time finding work once they return to civilian life. US federal law also prohibits possession of ammunition, firearms , or explosives by those who have been dishonorably discharged. Per the Gun Control Act of 1968 , being dishonorably discharged is also a disqualifying question on ATF Form 4473, which must be completed and signed to purchase a firearm from a Federal Firearms Licensee , and in most cases will result in
2850-437: A direct mailer, advocated the defeat of Romley and was an in-kind contribution to Bill Montgomery (Romley's primary election opponent), in violation of Arizona election law. The order stated that a civil penalty in the amount of three times the amount of money spent on the mailer would be imposed on Campaign to Re-Elect Joe Arpaio 2012. In September 2010, Arpaio's campaign was fined $ 153,978. Montgomery ultimately defeated Romley in
3000-510: A discriminatory fashion (such as non-relevant psychological, medical, or disability issues) explicitly cited as illegal by federal or state hiring laws. For example, the Illinois Human Rights Act prohibits discrimination due to unfavorable discharge. A service member may request the edited, unedited, or both versions on separation. Since the 1970s, an honorably discharged veteran receives a frameable certificate (DD 256). A similar one
3150-606: A dishonorable discharge is deemed the equivalent of a felony conviction, with the concomitant loss of many civil rights. Veterans who have been dishonorably discharged lose the ability to own firearms, work government jobs and receive government assistance and loans, and in some jurisdictions also to vote, hold public office, or serve in a jury. Additionally, since government aid is normally not available and bank loans are very difficult to obtain for those with dishonorable discharges, veterans who are dishonorably discharged often find attending post-secondary education difficult, and many have
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#17328632469233300-440: A dishonorable discharge. A UOTHC (often further abbreviated and referred to as a "UO") discharge represents a significant departure from the conduct and performance expected of all military members, and is issued for more serious or repeated misconduct, such as assaults, security violations, excessive trouble with authorities, and illegal possession, use, or sale of drugs. Generally, in order to receive VA benefits and services,
3450-763: A flashpoint for opposition to Arizona's SB1070 anti-illegal immigrant law, which was largely struck down by the Supreme Court of the United States . Arpaio is also known for investigating former U.S. President Barack Obama 's birth certificate , and, as of 2018, he continued to claim without evidence that it was forged. Arpaio has been accused of numerous types of police misconduct , including abuse of power, misuse of funds, failure to investigate sex crimes, criminal negligence, abuse of suspects in custody, improper clearance of cases, unlawful enforcement of immigration laws , and election law violations. A Federal court monitor
3600-517: A grand jury indict a number of Maricopa County judges, Maricopa County supervisors, and employees of the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors. The grand jury, in an unusual rebuke, ordered the investigation ended. This action has been described as meaning that "the case is so bad, there's no further evidence that could be brought" to substantiate it. Legal experts agreed this was a rare move. Arpaio and Thomas lost every case, either by ruling of
3750-592: A grey uniform with green accents. Miami-Dade County (formerly Dade County) has two directors appointed by its county commission. In Miami-Dade County, the duties of the two appointed directors are split as follows: Upon the consolidation of Duval County and the City of Jacksonville governments in 1968, the Duval County Sheriff's Department and the Jacksonville Police Department were merged into
3900-622: A higher percentage of that. I know that. We clear many, many cases – not 18 percent." Nightline contacted the MCSO after the interview and was told that of 7,346 crimes, only 944, or 15%, had been cleared by arrest. Under Arpaio, the MCSO may have improperly cleared (reported as solved) as many as 75% of cases without arrest or proper investigation. During a three-year period ending in 2007, more than 400 sex crimes reported to Arpaio's office were inadequately investigated or not investigated at all. While providing police services for El Mirage, Arizona ,
4050-468: A notice of claim against Arpaio and Maricopa County for gross negligence. In April 2015, the case settled for $ 3.5 million. An internal memo written by one of the detectives assigned to the Morrison case blamed a high case load, saying the special victims unit had gone from five detectives to just three, and the detectives left were often called off their cases to investigate special assignments. These included
4200-454: A number of government-corruption investigations targeting political opponents, including judges, county supervisors and administrators. These investigations resulted in: lawsuits against the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors, a federal civil-racketeering suit against the supervisors, four judges, and attorneys who worked with the county; and filing of criminal charges against several individuals. In early 2010, Arpaio and Thomas sought to have
4350-562: A public uproar over the arrests, all charges were dropped against Lacey and Larkin. Lacey and Larkin filed a federal Section 1983 lawsuit for the violations of their civil rights, and in 2012 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that they could sue the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office for the arrests. In 2013, the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors voted to settle the suit for $ 3.75 million. Lacey and Larkin used
4500-454: A punitive discharge and have completed any adjudged confinement are normally placed on appellate leave pending final review of their cases by the appellate courts. This includes members who plead guilty at their courts-martial since all cases are automatically reviewed. The member is considered on active duty and is subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice while on appellate leave. While
4650-464: A regulatory bar may still qualify for health care, but only for service-related condition or injuries. If the veteran is barred for statutory reasons, even this limited health care is not available. Additionally, most veterans with an UOTHC discharge cannot re-enlist or use the GI Bill. By Presidential Proclamation 4313, President Gerald Ford created a procedure for those military personnel who resisted
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4800-485: A restricted jail-enhancement fund was improperly used to pay for out-of-state training, a staff party at a local amusement park, and a $ 456,000 bus which Arpaio purchased in violation of county procurement rules. Sheriffs in the United States Sheriff's offices are typically tasked with operating jails, security at courthouses and county buildings, protection of judges and juries , preventing breaches of
4950-507: A sheriff cannot campaign for reelection while wearing a county-owned badge. In California , a sheriff is an elected official and the chief law enforcement officer in any given county. The sheriff's department of each county polices unincorporated areas (areas of the county that do not lie within the jurisdiction of a police department of an incorporated municipality). As such, the sheriff and his or her deputies in rural areas and unincorporated municipalities are equivalent to police officers in
5100-405: A sheriff's office varies considerably from state to state and even from county to county. Sheriffs and their deputies are sworn peace officers with the power to make arrests and serve before a magistrate or judge , serve warrants for arrest or order for arrest, and give a ticket/citation in order to keep the peace. Some states extend this authority to adjacent counties or to the entire state. In
5250-499: A single unified law enforcement agency styled the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office (JSO). Commanded by the elected Sheriff of Duval County, and an appointed senior staff, its 1675 sworn members are referred to as "police officers" rather than deputies. All JSO police officers are also deputy sheriffs, in order to perform those duties Florida solely permits "sheriffs and their deputies" to perform, such as serving warrants. Similarly,
5400-809: A small sheriff's office, the sheriff is likely to carry out law enforcement duties just like a regular deputy or police officer. In a medium-sized or large sheriff's office, this is rare. Many sheriff's offices also perform other functions such as traffic control, animal enforcement , accident investigations, homicide investigation, narcotics investigation, transportation of prisoners, school resource officers , search and rescue, and courthouse security. Larger departments may perform other criminal investigations or engage in other specialized law enforcement activities. Some larger sheriff's departments may have aviation (including fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters), motorcycle units, K9 units , tactical units , mounted details, or water patrols at their disposal. In some areas of
5550-441: A term of four years in office in accordance with the state constitution. Sheriffs rely upon the county's legislative body, known as the " Quorum Court ", to appropriate funding and approve the yearly operating budget. However, in all other circumstances, the sheriff is entirely independent in the management of his elected office and is not subservient to or accountable to any other elected county official or body. Under Arkansas law,
5700-449: A vote of no-confidence by its officers in Tony. In June 2020, the union wrote governor DeSantis to formally request that Tony be removed. The sheriff has an undersheriff and several district chiefs, also called district commanders. These individuals generally hold the title of "captain." It is a full-service law enforcement agency. The Broward Sheriff's Office (BSO) also directs and oversees
5850-550: Is a former sheriff of San Francisco. The Denver Sheriff Department maintains the county correctional facilities as well as court functions. Law enforcement and investigations are the responsibility of the Denver Police Department . Denver's sheriff is appointed by the mayor, and serves as the sworn head of the sheriff department. Denver has had deputy sheriffs since the creation of the City & County of Denver in 1902, however
6000-411: Is a punitive discharge that can only be handed down at a general court-martial after conviction(s) of serious offenses (e.g., felony-like crimes such as desertion before an enemy, drug distribution, sexual assault, murder, etc.) by a military judge or panel (jury). Career U.S. military members who retire are not separated or discharged. Upon retirement, officers and enlisted personnel are transferred to
6150-496: Is called a "Character of Discharge" (COD) review (sometimes referred to as a "Character of Service Determination (CSD)"), as defined by 38 USC 5305B. Veterans with an UOTHC discharge and considered "Honorable for VA purposes" may still apply for the full enrollment in the VA. Assuming most or all other eligibility criteria are met, they will receive medical benefits, disability benefits, vocational programs, and other wrap-around services. Once
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6300-578: Is determined to be permanent and stable; 3) Is either rated at a minimum of 30% disabled, or the member has 20 years of military service. Medical retirees are transferred to the Retired Reserve with the same retired pay and benefits as 20+ year retirees. Medically retired personnel are not subject to recall to active duty. Entry level separations, which are accompanied by an uncharacterized discharge, are given to individuals who separate prior to completing 180 days of military service or when discharge action
6450-475: Is dismissed rather than dishonorably discharged, the phrase "discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions" is broad enough to include a dismissal rendered for an officer by a general court-martial, and thus an officer dismissed under dishonorable conditions is also prohibited from possessing firearms or ammunition under federal law, in the same manner as someone with a dishonorable discharge. If
6600-430: Is drug abuse, in which case discharge is often mandatory). A commander must disclose the reasons for the discharge action in writing to the service member, and must explain reasons for recommending the service be characterized as General. The service member is normally required to sign a statement acknowledging receipt and understanding of the notification of pending discharge memorandum. In the case of drug-related offenses,
6750-884: Is given when a member of the armed forces is released from their obligation to serve. Each country's military has different types of discharge. They are generally based on whether the persons completed their training and then fully and satisfactorily completed their term of service. Other types of discharge are based on factors such as the quality of their service, whether their service had to be ended prematurely due to humanitarian or medical reasons, whether they had been found to have drug or alcohol dependency issues and whether they were complying with treatment and counseling, and whether they had demerits or punishments for infractions or were convicted of any crimes. These factors affect whether they will be asked or allowed to re-enlist and whether they qualify for benefits after their discharge. There are several reasons why someone may be discharged from
6900-403: Is limited to courthouses and when transporting prisoners in custody. Additionally, with no county jails, Alaska Dept. Of Corrections runs regional prisons which have separate male and female inmate "pretrial wings", which keep pretrial inmates who are legally innocent, separate from convicted prisoners who are serving a court imposed sentence following a criminal conviction. Pretrial wing units are
7050-498: Is not intended for oversight on how law enforcement agencies clear cases... The Sheriff's Office has its own criteria for clearing cases." The Arizona Department of Public Safety , which serves as the repository for Arizona case clearance statistics, told 12 News that the guidelines in the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook are mandatory for all Arizona law enforcement agencies. Those guidelines specify that
7200-507: Is not necessary to complete a full term of service to receive an honorable discharge, as long as the discharge is not due to misconduct. For instance, service members rendered physically or psychologically incapable of performing assigned duties normally have their service characterized as honorable, regardless of whether they incurred the condition or disability in the line of duty, provided they otherwise met or exceeded standards. Similarly, service members selected for involuntary discharge due to
7350-439: Is regarded as shameful in the military. As with many bad conduct discharges, dishonorable discharges are normally preceded by military prison sentences and are formally issued after completion of both confinement and the appellate review process. In the rare event that a court-martial imposes a death sentence , the dishonorable discharge will be given out on the day prior to the condemned soldier being put to death. In most states,
7500-419: Is required. They may lose eligibility to re-enlist, but they will remain eligible for most or all of the "standard" VA benefits, such as disability and health care. Federal and state laws, such as Illinois through the Illinois Human Rights Act, prohibit discrimination against a veteran from housing or employment on the basis of unfavorable discharge from military service, as long as a veteran does not receive
7650-484: Is responsible for law enforcement, corrections, and court services within the county. Although each county sheriff's office is an independent agency, they all wear the "Florida's sheriff green" uniform with similar badges and patches, and drive vehicles with green and gold designs, as prescribed in Florida State Statutes, with the exception of Duval and Miami-Dade. Collier County also does not wear green; they wear
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#17328632469237800-861: Is simultaneously the chief of police, and police officers are simultaneously sheriff's deputies. The police department handles all duties normally carried out by a county sheriff's office, such as operating the county jail (detention center), civil process, and security/bailiff services for the municipal, county, and district courts and the Broomfield Combined Courts Building. Connecticut abolished county sheriffs in 2000 by Public Act 00–01. All civil-process-serving deputies were sworn in as Connecticut State Marshals , and criminal special deputies were sworn in as Connecticut Judicial Marshal . Constables remain municipal officers governed by their respective town or city. A few towns have local sheriffs that primarily perform process serving duties and may act as
7950-414: Is suited for law enforcement duties as well as medical evacuation (MEDEVAC); the helicopters are staffed both by sworn deputies as well as a flight nurse or flight medic. BSO also has a professional Marine Patrol, motor (cycle) patrol and mounted (horse) patrol. The Broward Sheriff's office also contracts its law enforcement duties to municipalities that either have no local police department or have disbanded
8100-561: Is the largest sheriff's department in the United States and provides general-service law enforcement to unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County, serving as the equivalent of the city police for unincorporated areas of the county as well as incorporated cities within the county who have contracted with the agency for law-enforcement services (known as "contract cities" in local jargon). It also holds primary jurisdiction over facilities operated by Los Angeles County, such as local parks, marinas and government buildings; provides marshal service for
8250-500: Is then entitled to any rights and benefits to which any other service member's family would be entitled. Once discharge is finalized, General, Entry-Level/Uncharacterized, and Under Other-Than-Honorable Conditions (UOTHC or OTH) discharges may be appealed for upgrade through the Discharge Review Board of the respective service; however, the appeal must be filed within 15 years of the date of separation, and it must be shown that
8400-484: The Arizona Attorney General . "Were this a criminal case," the panel concluded, "we are confident that the evidence would establish this conspiracy beyond a reasonable doubt." At least 11 individuals filed lawsuits or legal claims as a result of being targeted by Arpaio and Thomas. The county settled all 11 cases: In February 2010, Pima County Superior Court Judge John S. Leonardo found that Arpaio "misused
8550-515: The Army Court of Criminal Appeals (ACCA), Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals (AFCCA), Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals (NMCCCA), and the Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals (CGCCA). These courts are staffed by appellate military judges and function as an intermediate appellate court and have the power to review de novo both any questions of legal error and the factual basis of
8700-611: The D.C. Home Rule Act of 1973 , there are many functions which would normally be reserved for the Office of the Sheriff, which are instead delegated to various other agencies. The United States Marshal Service , as an agent of the federal government officially handles most court and civil processes in the District of Columbia, while the District of Columbia Protective Services Police Department (PSPD) handles many other functions normally reserved for
8850-628: The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). During his 25-year tenure with the DEA, he was stationed in Argentina , Turkey , and Mexico , and advanced through the ranks to the position of head of the DEA's Arizona branch. After leaving the DEA, Arpaio became involved in a travel venture through his wife's travel agency Starworld Travel Agency, based in Scottsdale . While there, he sold passage on
9000-595: The Judge Advocate General of each respective service for appellate review. Litigants before the CAAF can appeal to the United States Supreme Court . However, this right only applies to any case that the CAAF has reviewed. Therefore, in most military justice cases, the CAAF is the court of last resort since a denial of a petition of review by that court prevents higher appeal. Servicemembers who are given
9150-502: The Retired Reserve . For Active Duty personnel, until they reach a cumulative 30 years of service, active plus retired reserve combined, they are subject to recall to active duty by order of the president. In addition, a military member who becomes disabled due to an injury or illness is medically retired if: 1) The member is determined to be unfit "… to perform duties of the member's office, grade, rank or rating ..."; 2) Whose disability
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#17328632469239300-607: The San Francisco Police Department provides general police service for the city, the Sheriff's Department handles judicial duties, staffs the jail, and provides law enforcement services for city facilities such as San Francisco City Hall and San Francisco General Hospital . San Francisco Sheriff's deputies back up the San Francisco Police as needed, as well as make arrests for criminal and vehicle-code violations while performing their duties. Ross Mirkarimi
9450-544: The Selective Service System . In November 2010, Arpaio created an armed illegal immigration operations posse to help his deputies enforce immigration law . Members of the posse included actors Steven Seagal , Lou Ferrigno , and Peter Lupus . Because the MCSO lost its authority to enforce immigration law (both by losing its 287(g) authority and through a federal court order in Melendres v. Arpaio ), as of 2013,
9600-573: The Superior Court of California , County of Los Angeles ; operates the county jail system; and provides services such as laboratories and academy training to smaller law enforcement agencies within the county. Because the City and County of San Francisco are consolidated and coterminous —the only consolidated city and county in California—the San Francisco Sheriff historically possessed law enforcement authority. However, as
9750-649: The United States Armed Forces to report on the number of service members subject to the misuse of the uncharacterized discharge since 2001. However, the amendment was removed by the Senate. To receive an honorable discharge, service members must have received a rating from good to excellent for their service. Service members who meet or exceed most of the required standards of duty performance, committed no or minimal misconduct, and who complete their tours of duty, normally receive honorable discharges. However, it
9900-539: The "Sheriff's Department." According to the National Sheriffs' Association , an American sheriff's advocacy group , there were 3,081 sheriff's offices as of 2015 . These range in size from very small (one- or two-person) forces in sparsely populated rural areas to large, full-service law enforcement agencies, such as the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department , which is the largest sheriff's office and
10050-498: The 800 members of the JSO's Department of Corrections are "Correctional Officers". T.K. Waters is the current sheriff. JSO police and corrections uniforms are dark navy blue, with silver devices for police and corrections officers and gold for supervisory and command personnel. Marked JSO vehicles are white with a broad gold stripe on each side with the word "SHERIFF" displayed in navy blue on each rear quarter-panel and "POLICE" in navy blue on
10200-452: The AK equivalent of lower-48 county jails. This uniquely makes AK DOC officers both correctional officers and jailers. Pretrial units house persons charged who are formally charged with crimes and remanded to pretrial custody, vs. traditional prisons for persons convicted and sentenced to a term of incarceration. In Arizona, a sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer of one of the 15 counties of
10350-738: The Arizona Ecumenical Council, the American Jewish Committee , and the Arizona chapter of the Anti-Defamation League . The editorial board of The New York Times called Arpaio "America's Worst Sheriff". Controversies surrounding Arpaio included allegations of racial profiling , for which the ACLU sued the sheriff's office. In 2000 it was claimed that the sheriff's office failed to properly investigate serious crimes, including
10500-709: The Army from 1950 to 1954 in the Medical Department and was stationed in France for part of the time as a military policeman. Following his army discharge in 1954, Arpaio moved to Washington, D.C. , and became a police officer, moving in 1957 to Las Vegas , Nevada . He served as a police officer in Las Vegas for six months before being appointed as a special agent with the Federal Bureau of Narcotics , which later became part of
10650-540: The Connecticut State Police in places where no local police agency exists. The first Constitution of Delaware in 1776 made the sheriff a conservator of the peace within the county in which he resides, either New Castle , Kent , or Sussex . The sheriff was, and still is, chosen by the citizens of each county at the general elections to serve a four-year term. Per Title 10, Chapter 21 of the Delaware Code,
10800-514: The Denver Sheriff Department current organization was not established until 1969, consolidating all of the sheriff's functions under one management structure. The Denver Sheriff is, along with Broomfield's , an anomaly within the state. In every other county, the sheriff is an elected official and is the chief law enforcement officer of their county. Broomfield's sheriff is appointed, like Denver's . Unlike Denver, Broomfield's sheriff
10950-682: The IRR for the remainder of the 8-year MSO. Retirees are furnished with the DD 214, though a U.S. military retirement is not characterized as a discharge as retirees may be recalled to active duty, under certain circumstances, until they have achieved a total of 30 years of service. The DD 214 is a summary of military service. It contains total time in service, dates of entry and discharge, dates of rank, documentation of foreign service, ribbons, medals and badges awarded, professional military education completed, characterization of service, and reason for discharge. In responses to job applications, many employers request
11100-495: The Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) for the remainder of their military service obligations (MSO). The Individual Ready Reserve does not drill or receive pay; however, a member in IRR status can be recalled to active duty during time of war or national emergency until the 8 years have expired. Most members separating with an honorable discharge after completing a single term of service (typically 3–6 years) are transferred to
11250-440: The MCSO under Arpaio failed to follow through on at least 32 reported child molestations, even though the suspects were known in all but six cases. Many of the victims were children of illegal immigrants. In a controversial case, Arpaio's office was accused of ignoring Sabrina Morrison, a teenage girl suffering from a mental disability . On March 7, 2007, the 13-year-old was raped by her uncle, Patrick Morrison. She told her teacher
11400-572: The Maricopa County jails violated the constitutional rights of inmates in medical and other care-related issues. In 2013, National Geographic Channel featured Arpaio's jail in the Banged Up Abroad episode of "Raving Arizona". The episode told the story of the Ecstasy dealer Shaun Attwood who started the blog Jon's Jail Journal . In 1993, Arpaio set up a " Tent City " — which he described as
11550-696: The Municipal and Justice Courts and for serving criminal and civil process . During a reorganization of the state judicial system early in the first decade of the 21st century, the roles of constable, marshal, and sheriff were merged, so that California sheriffs assumed the duties of most marshals, and the position of constable was eliminated. The marshals offices continued to exist in only three counties— Shasta , Trinity , and San Benito —where they perform all court-security and warrant-service functions. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD) serves Los Angeles County, California . With over 18,000 employees, it
11700-463: The Office of the Sheriff on behalf of the elected local government. Florida sheriffs are one of a handful of "constitutional" Florida offices; that is, the position was established as part of the Florida State constitution, which specifies their powers and that they be elected in the general ballot. They serve as the chief law enforcement officer in their respective counties. The sheriff's office
11850-530: The Phoenix E space rocket, which was hoped to take off from either Edwards Air Force Base or Vandenberg Air Force Base on the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' voyage to the new world. Although he claimed in 1988 that the first 19 flights of the Phoenix E had been booked, no flights were ever made. Arpaio was first elected as sheriff in 1992. He was re-elected in 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. Throughout his tenure as sheriff Arpaio sought out media coverage. He
12000-714: The Regular Forces, personnel normally have a compulsory reserve liability. The length of this liability depends on the Service, rank and type of commission or engagement in which they entered and whether they are subject to the Reserve Forces Act 1980 (c. 9) or Reserve Forces Act 1996 . Army officers and other ranks must be interviewed by at least one of the following: Individuals in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines who are not due for compulsory retirement but who wish to leave
12150-548: The Service, for whatever reason, before reaching the end of their Commission/Career/Engagement may apply for Early Termination, provided the conditions outlined in Chapter 54 of BR 3 - Naval Personnel Management are met. Within the Naval Service , the term "retirement" applies to officers who complete the period of service required by their respective commissions. For officers of the trained strength, recommendations for termination of
12300-514: The Soldier is in entry-level status and an uncharacterized description of service is required. An honorable discharge is mandated in any case in which the Government initially introduces into the final discharge process limited use evidence as defined by AR 600–85, paragraph 6–4. (See para 2–6h for procedures for reinitiation or rehearing, if appropriate.)" General discharges—more formally referred to as
12450-473: The Tent City jail would be shut down. In 1995, Arpaio reinstituted chain gangs . In 1996, he expanded the chain gang concept by instituting female volunteer chain gangs. Female inmates worked seven hours a day (7 a.m. to 2 p.m.), six days a week. He also instituted the world's first all-juvenile volunteer chain gang; volunteers earned high school credit toward a diploma. One of Arpaio's public relations actions
12600-482: The United States generally fall into three broad categories: There are two federal equivalents of the sheriff; In Alabama, a sheriff is an elected official and the chief law enforcement officer in any given county. There is one sheriff for each of Alabama's 67 counties , with a varying number of deputies and various staff members (usually dependent on the population). A sheriff's office generally provides law-enforcement services to unincorporated towns and cities within
12750-675: The VA has deemed an UOTHC discharge "Honorable for VA Purposes" it is similar to having a General discharge in terms of benefits and services. "Honorable for VA Purposes" is not the same as an Honorable discharge or General discharge, and does not necessarily upgrade one's discharge to Honorable or General, and therefore does not necessarily qualify one for education benefits. However, even if someone has an UOTHC discharge, they may still qualify, such as through other periods of service that qualify them as "Honorable for VA Purposes", for education benefits. Veterans with Other Than Honorable discharges who are deemed "Dishonorable for VA Purposes" because of
12900-618: The Vietnam War to receive a presidential pardon and have their punitive discharges changed to a Clemency discharge. It also provided a path for those who left the country to return. If the military personnel fulfilled certain requirements of alternative service, they would also receive a Certificate of Completion from the Selective Service System. Punitive discharges are imposed for conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline . A Bad Conduct Discharge, colloquially referred to as
13050-548: The above reasons, the service member normally receives an Honorable discharge, a General (Under Honorable Conditions) discharge, or an Under Other Than Honorable Conditions (UOTHC) discharge service characterization. To receive an honorable discharge, a service member must have received a rating from good to excellent for their service. Service members who meet or exceed the required standards of duty performance and personal conduct, and who complete their tours of duty, normally receive honorable discharges. A dishonorable discharge (DD)
13200-479: The aid of local neighborhoods, using a community policing strategy, in working to prevent crime. The National Neighborhood Watch Program, sponsored by the National Sheriffs' Association, allows civilians and law enforcement officers to cooperate in keeping communities safe. Sheriff's offices may coexist with other county level law enforcement agencies such as county police or county park police. Sheriffs in
13350-550: The appropriate correctional facility to serve their terms. The County Sheriffs and their deputies do not engage in typical law enforcement; their primary role is to provide enforcement services for the courts. Typical law enforcement, such as the enforcement of motor vehicle laws, investigation of crimes and routine policing patrols are performed by state, county, and municipal (town or city) police forces. "Delaware sheriffs since 1897 have not had arrest powers and instead act as ministerial officers serving subpoenas and other papers for
13500-483: The articles. The ban was challenged on First Amendment grounds, but was upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit . In February 2007, Arpaio instituted an in-house radio station he called KJOE, broadcasting classical music, opera, Frank Sinatra hits, patriotic music, and educational programming five days a week, four hours each day. Federal Judge Neil V. Wake ruled in 2008 and 2010 that
13650-560: The balance of their term in the Individual Ready Reserve (IRR). In the U.S., discharge or separation is not military retirement ; personnel who serve for 20 years or longer are retired, and are transferred to the Retired Reserve. Members who are seriously disabled are also retired (receiving what is referred to as a Medical Retirement) rather than discharged. Typical reasons for discharge (with or without an administrative board hearing): If discharged administratively for any of
13800-651: The boundaries of the counties. The office of sheriff does not exist in Alaska by the State's Constitution. Instead the functions that would be performed by lower-48 sheriffs and their deputies (such as civil process, court security, and prisoner transport) are performed by Alaska State Troopers and Alaska DPS Judicial Services Officers, who are the equivalent of bailiffs in lower-48 jurisdictions. AJS officers wear uniforms similar to troopers and staff district court facilities statewide but not magistrate's courts. Their peace officer status
13950-465: The case. Arizona is unique in that many sheriff's offices have formed semi-permanent posse units which can be operated as a reserve to the main deputized force under a variety of circumstances, as opposed to solely for fugitive retrieval as is historically associated with the term. The Maricopa County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) is the largest sheriff's office in Arizona, with 575 sworn officers and 2,735 civilian and detention employees as of 2017 . MCSO
14100-590: The characterization of service was the result of an error or injustice. Bad Conduct Discharges handed down by a Special Court-Martial may be upgraded only as an act of clemency. Discharge Review Boards may also consider appeals for a change to the Narrative Reason for Discharge (in Block 28 of DD 214). The DRB does not consider a request for the change of a Reenlistment Eligibility (RE) or Separation Designator (SPD) Code by itself, but they are often changed to correspond with
14250-602: The cities. The sheriff's department may also provide policing services to incorporated cities by contract (see contract city ). Sheriff's departments in California are also responsible for enforcing criminal law on Native American tribal land, as prescribed by Public Law 280 , which was enacted in 1953. The law transferred the responsibility of criminal law enforcement on tribal land from the federal government to state governments in specified states. All peace officers in California are able to exercise their police powers anywhere in
14400-471: The constitution specifies that sheriffs "shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties for a term of four years and shall have such qualifications, powers and duties as provided by general law." However, several metropolitan counties have opted to form a county police to perform law enforcement functions leaving the sheriff to court functions. Others also have a county marshal who provide civil law enforcement. Even with other agencies in
14550-443: The contempt of court charge eroded much of his remaining political support, and he was defeated in the election by Paul Penzone , a Democrat who reversed many of Arpaio's policies after taking office. Arpaio was an unsuccessful candidate in Arizona's Republican primary election for U.S. Senate in 2018 . In 2020, Arpaio failed in his attempt to become the Maricopa County Sheriff again. In 2022 and 2024, he lost in his attempts to unseat
14700-446: The conviction. If either the government or the accused is dissatisfied with the results of this appeal, the conviction or the sentence can be appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF). This court has the power of discretionary review , in that it can in some cases deny a petition to grant a review. This court however must hear any death penalty cases or cases certified by
14850-566: The country, such as in California's San Bernardino , Riverside , Orange , Sierra , Tulare , Ventura , and other counties, the sheriff's office also has the responsibility of a coroner 's office, and is charged with recovering deceased persons within their county and conducting autopsies . The official in charge of such sheriff's departments is typically titled sheriff-coroner or sheriff/coroner, and officers who perform this function for such departments are typically titled deputy sheriff-coroner or deputy coroner. Many sheriff's departments enlist
15000-522: The county jail, and conducts all service of process for the Superior Court division for that county. In addition, many sheriff's offices have agreements with the Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) and local police agencies to provide for the transport and detention of prisoners. After sentencing, many convicted persons are remanded over to the ADC to serve their sentence, but this has not always been
15150-428: The course of his career, Arpaio was the subject of several federal civil rights lawsuits. In one case, he was a defendant in a decade-long suit in which a federal court issued an injunction barring him from conducting further "immigration round-ups". A federal court subsequently found that after the order was issued, Arpaio's office continued to detain "persons for further investigation without reasonable suspicion that
15300-569: The courts or by dropping the case. Arpaio's and Thomas' actions in these matters led to Thomas' disbarment by a disciplinary panel of the Arizona Supreme Court , which found that Thomas "outrageously exploited power, flagrantly fostered fear, and disgracefully misused the law" while serving as Maricopa County Attorney. The panel found "clear and convincing evidence" that Thomas brought unfounded and malicious criminal and civil charges against political opponents, including four state judges and
15450-493: The courts." Delaware county sheriffs' limitation of powers has been a subject of controversy over the years. There is no appointed or elected sheriff in the District of Columbia because, as a federal district , it is in a unique and complicated position compared to other jurisdictions in the United States. As the District Government is both an agency of the federal government and a duly-elected Local Government under
15600-425: The courts; receive, transport, and maintain custody of incarcerated individuals for court; attend the place or places of holding elections; keep all courthouses, jails, public grounds, and other county property; maintain a register of all precious-metal dealers; enforce the collection of taxes that may be due to the state; as well as numerous other duties. Military discharge#United States A military discharge
15750-581: The detention fund to pay for investigations of political rivals, as well as activities involving his human-smuggling unit. The analysis also showed a number of inappropriate spending items including a trip to Alaska where deputies stayed at a fishing resort, and trips to Disneyland. Separate investigations by The Arizona Republic uncovered widespread abuse of public funds and county policies by Arpaio's office, including high-ranking employees routinely charging expensive meals and stays at luxury hotels on their county credit cards. The Republic also found that
15900-482: The fire/rescue/EMS operations for the county, referred to Broward County Fire Rescue (BSO or County Fire Rescue). Overseeing the operation of the Fire/Rescue/EMS Division is a fire chief and several deputy chiefs. BSO Fire Rescue serves unincorporated parts of the county as well as municipalities under contract for fire/rescue/EMS. BSO also operates several helicopters that serve a dual purpose. Each helicopter
16050-677: The five territories also do not have county governments. Sheriffs are elected to four-year terms in 43 states, two-year terms in New Hampshire , three-year terms in New Jersey , and six-year terms in Massachusetts . Sheriffs are appointed instead of elected in Hawaii , Rhode Island and a small number of counties elsewhere. In many rural areas of the United States, particularly in the South and West ,
16200-559: The immigration posse is no longer active. While the MCSO website claimed 3,000 posse members, as of July 29, 2015, the posse had 986 members. Arpaio was a controversial sheriff. His practices were criticized by government agencies such as the United States Department of Justice and United States district courts , as well as organizations such as Amnesty International, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU),
16350-537: The incumbent mayor of Fountain Hills, Arizona . Arpaio was born in Springfield, Massachusetts , on June 14, 1932, to Italian parents, both from Lacedonia, Italy . Arpaio's mother died while giving birth to him , and he was raised by his father, who ran an Italian grocery store. Arpaio completed high school and worked in his father's business until age 18 when he enlisted in the United States Army . He served in
16500-473: The individual's service. However, this type of discharge often attaches a reason such as pregnancy, performance in training, or medical issues. An individual with an ELS may, under certain conditions, be allowed to re-enlist in the military. During the drafting of the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act, the House of Representatives passed Congresswoman Elaine Luria 's amendment to accompany H.R.6395 that required
16650-412: The local police department to be incorporated to BSO. The Orange County Sheriff's Office is the chief law enforcement agency for Orange County, Florida . The office is large, with a budget of more than $ 300 million and over 2,700 sworn and civilian employees. The current sheriff, John Mina, was elected in a 2018 special election, and is the chief law enforcement officer of Orange County responsible for
16800-404: The member is entitled to full health care benefits and other privileges of being on active duty, the member receives no pay or allowances and is relieved of any military duties. A service member who was adjudged a punitive discharge at a court martial and then dies before the appellate review process is complete is considered to have died on active duty under honorable conditions. Their next-of-kin
16950-477: The military, including expiration of enlistment, disability, dependency and hardship. Members of the British Armed Forces are to complete their service obligations before they may be considered for discharge. Service personnel who attempt to leave before completing their length of service, without going through the appropriate channels, may be subject to a criminal conviction . At the end of service in
17100-500: The money after it was added to the budget. In October 2007, Mike Lacey and Jim Larkin, the founders and leaders of the Phoenix New Times , were arrested after publishing a news article on a grand jury investigation involving Arpaio's office. On the evening that the article was published, Lacey and Larkin were arrested by plainclothes sheriff's deputies, "handcuffed, put in dark SUVs with tinted windows and driven to jail." Following
17250-410: The money. Arpaio's success in gaining press coverage with the pink underwear resulted in his extending the use of the color. He introduced pink handcuffs, using the event to promote his book, Sheriff Joe Arpaio, America's Toughest Sheriff . Arpaio has said "I can get elected on pink underwear... I've done it five times." In 2004, Arpaio ordered all undocumented immigrants then in jail to register for
17400-545: The new characterization of service and/or narrative reason for discharge if a discharge is upgraded. If more than 15 years have passed since discharge, appeals must be directed to the Board For Correction of Military/Naval Records of the respective service. The BCM/NR hears a wide array of appeals and correction requests, and can be utilized by Active Duty, Reserve, National Guard, retired and discharged veterans alike. Normally, an appeal must be filed within three years of
17550-476: The next day, and her teacher called the MCSO. A rape kit was taken, but the detective assigned to the case told Sabrina and her family that there were no obvious signs of sexual assault, no semen, or signs of trauma. As a result of the detective's statements, Sabrina was branded by her family as a liar. Her uncle continued to rape her repeatedly, saying he would kill her if she told anyone. She became pregnant by him, and had an abortion. The family did not know that
17700-511: The occurrence of an error or injustice; however, exceptions are often made. In the United States, every service member who is discharged or released from active duty is issued a DD Form 214 and a military discharge certificate (denoting the discharge type). A reservist who is called to active duty is given a DD 214 when he or she is deactivated and returned to the reserves. Those who are discharged before completing 8 years of active duty or reserve duty in an active drilling status are transferred to
17850-426: The peace , and coordinating with city police departments. Sheriff's offices may also be responsible for security at public events and areas. A sheriff's subordinate officers are referred to as deputies and they enforce the law in accordance with the sheriff's direction and orders. The law enforcement agency headed by a sheriff is most commonly referred to as the "Sheriff's Office", while some are instead called
18000-538: The person is also advised of the right to seek counsel and present supporting statements. In addition, service members are required to sign documents acknowledging that "substantial prejudice in civilian life" may be encountered under a general discharge. Members who receive a general discharge jeopardize a number of VA benefits or entitlements such as eligibility to participate in the GI Bill , service on veterans' commissions, and other programs for which an honorable discharge
18150-458: The power of his office to target members of the Board of Supervisors for criminal investigation". As of June 2014, costs to Maricopa County taxpayers related to Arpaio's and Thomas's failed corruption investigations exceeded $ 44 million, not including staff time. In July 2010, a committee established by Arpaio (the "Campaign to Re-Elect Joe Arpaio 2012") funded advertisements critical of Rick Romley ,
18300-541: The primary election, with Romley stating Arpaio's ads "hurt" his results. An analysis by the Maricopa County Office of Management and Budget, completed in April 2011, found that Arpaio had misspent almost $ 100 million over the previous 5 years. The analysis showed that money from a restricted detention fund which could legally be used only to pay for jail items, such as food, detention officers' salaries, and equipment,
18450-578: The proceeds of the settlement to establish an endowed chair professorship at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University , and to establish the Lacey & Larkin Frontera Fund, which advocates for migrant rights and freedom of speech issues in Arizona. Between 2008 and 2010, Arpaio and former Maricopa County Attorney Andrew Thomas together undertook
18600-403: The rape kit had been tested at the state lab and showed the presence of semen. The lab requested that the detective obtain a blood sample from the suspect, Patrick Morrison. Instead of obtaining the blood sample, or making an arrest, the detective filed the crime-lab note and closed the case for four years. In September 2011 the sheriff's office obtained a blood sample from Patrick Morrison, which
18750-446: The rape of a 14-year-old girl by classmates, and the rape of a 15-year-old girl by two strangers. These cases were reported as "exceptionally cleared" (solved) by the MCSO without investigation or, in one instance, without even identifying a suspect – in contravention of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) standards for exceptional clearance. In the case of the 15-year-old girl, the case was closed within one month and before DNA testing
18900-527: The rear of the vehicle. In 2007, in terms of sworn officers, JSO was the 25th largest local police agency in the US, and the second largest in the state of Florida. The Broward Sheriff's Office is currently under the direction of Sheriff Gregory Tony . In April 2020, the Broward Sheriff's Office Deputies Association—a 1,400-member branch of the International Union of Police Associations —announced
19050-493: The safety of over one million residents and the more than 72 million tourists that visit Orange County each year. Sheriffs and his or her deputies and any other state certified peace officer may make an arrest on or off duty only after stating that they are peace officers in the state of Georgia. One of five county officials listed in the state constitution, sheriffs in Georgia are full-service county officers. Article IX, Section I of
19200-467: The same county, such as county police, the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer of each county. All law enforcement officers in Georgia have statewide jurisdiction if the crime happens in their immediate presence, but sheriffs have statewide jurisdiction also if the crime originated in their county . This means if someone breaks the law in one county and flees to another the sheriff can go anywhere inside
19350-411: The sentence and the appellate review process. Many or all veterans' benefits are forfeited in the case of a Bad Conduct Discharge, and those discharged through a general court-martial will also not be eligible for disability compensation. Even then, although these veterans can still receive health care, they will not be able to do so through the VA. A dishonorable discharge, colloquially referred to as
19500-407: The service member is deceased) must submit evidence for error, impropriety or inequity in discharge. Most appeals are rejected, however, and changes are authorized only if it can be proven the service member was unfairly denied an honorable characterization. Any punitive discharge adjudged by a court-martial is automatically reviewed by a military appellate court for each respective branch. These are
19650-519: The seventh largest law enforcement agency in the United States, with 16,400 members and 400 reserve deputies. A regular officer of a sheriff's office is typically known as a deputy sheriff , sheriff's deputy or informally as a deputy . In a small sheriff's office, the deputies are supervised directly by the sheriff. Large sheriff's offices have several ranks in a similar manner to a police department. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department has thousands of regular deputies, who are eight ranks below
19800-447: The sheriff has traditionally been viewed as one of a given county's most influential political office-holders. Research shows that sheriffs have a substantial incumbency advantage in elections. An incumbent sheriff has a "45 percentage point boost in the probability of winning the next election – far exceeding the advantages of other local offices." Relative to appointed police chiefs, sheriffs hold office for twice as long. The role of
19950-409: The sheriff is an officer of the court. Responsibilities include processing orders of the court system; summoning inquests, jurors, and witnesses for the courts; and, conducting execution sales against personal and real estate property. County Sheriffs and their regular appointed deputies also take into custody unincarcerated persons immediately upon conviction of an imprisonable offense and convey them to
20100-598: The sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer of the county. There are 75 county sheriffs in Arkansas, one for each county, regardless of its population size. With very limited exceptions, sheriffs and their deputies may exercise their official authority only within the geographical boundaries of their specific county. The office of sheriff was created by the state constitution and the office has not been substantially changed in 100 years. Sheriffs in Arkansas are elected in even numbered years by citizens of their county to serve
20250-441: The sheriff. The actual second-in-command of the sheriff typically holds the title of chief deputy or undersheriff . In some counties, the undersheriff is the warden of the county jail . Of the 50 U.S. states , 48 have sheriffs. The two exceptions are Alaska , which does not have counties , and Connecticut , which replaced its county sheriff system with the state and judicial marshals in 2000. Washington, D.C. , and
20400-442: The soldiers are living in tents and they didn't commit any crimes, so shut your mouths!" On July 2, 2011, when the temperature in Phoenix hit 118 °F (48 °C), Arpaio measured the temperature inside these tents at 145 °F (63 °C). Some inmates complained that fans near their beds were not working, and that their shoes were melting from the heat. In April 2017, it was announced by newly elected Sheriff Paul Penzone that
20550-911: The state to investigate the crime, make the arrest, and transport the accused back to the original county. Most of the qualifications, powers and duties of a sheriff in Georgia are detailed in Title 15, Chapter 16 of state law. Among other things, the law states that "the sheriff is the basic law enforcement officer of the several counties of this state." Section 10 makes it clear that the sheriff has as much authority within municipalities as he does in unincorporated areas of his county, although many sheriffs refrain from performing standard law-enforcement functions within municipalities that have their own police department unless specifically requested to do so, or are required to do so in order to fulfill other provisions in state law. In addition to law enforcement, sheriffs or their deputies execute and return all processes and orders of
20700-430: The state, on or off duty, regardless of county or municipal boundaries, thus California sheriffs and their deputies have full police powers in incorporated and unincorporated municipalities, outside their own counties, and on state freeways and interstates. Before 2000, there was a constable or marshal in most (but not all) of California's 58 counties. The constable or marshal was responsible for providing bailiffs to
20850-473: The state, with a varying number of deputies and assorted staff (usually dependent on population). A constitutional officer specifically established by the Arizona Constitution , a sheriff, who heads a sheriff's office ( Pima County uses the term "sheriff's department" instead ), generally provides law enforcement services to unincorporated towns and cities within the boundaries of their county, maintains
21000-415: The type of discharge that was given. The member must file form DD-293 if discharged within 15 years, or form DD-149 if over 15 years ago. The forms are significantly different and go to the Discharge Review Board (DRB) and the Board for correction of military records (BCMR) respectively. 10 U.S.C. §§ 1552 – 1553 provide the law for this action. The service member (or their next of kin if
21150-459: The veteran's character of discharge or service must be characterized as better than a UOTHC or not be punitive (BCD or DD). However, individuals receiving an UO, BCD, or DD will have their service reviewed by the VA. In some cases, certain statutory and regulatory bars may not apply, and a servicemember may still be allowed access to VA benefits and services. The VA adjudication of a person's service characterization, including examination of these bars,
21300-523: Was a DNA match with the semen taken over four years earlier. Patrick Morrison was arrested and charged in February 2012; he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 24 years in prison. In December 2011, responding to continuing media coverage of the controversy, and apparently unaware that there were hundreds of victims in these cases, Arpaio stated in a press conference, "If there were any victims, I apologize to those victims." In August 2012, Sabrina Morrison filed
21450-724: Was appointed to oversee his office's operations because of complaints of racial profiling . The U.S. Department of Justice concluded that Arpaio oversaw the worst pattern of racial profiling in U.S. history, and subsequently filed suit against him for unlawful discriminatory police conduct. Arpaio and the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) were named as defendants in dozens of civil lawsuits brought by citizens arrested by Arpaio and his deputies alleging wrongful arrest, wrongful death , entrapment and other claims, costing taxpayers in Maricopa County over $ 140 million in litigation against Arpaio during his tenure as sheriff. Over
21600-468: Was even complete, a 13-year-old's because her mother did not want to "pursue this investigation," and the 14-year-old's because a suspect declined to appear for questioning. In a statement to ABC15, the sheriff's office claimed "The Goldwater Institute's report cites the FBI's Uniform Code [sic] Reporting handbook , which is a voluntary crime-reporting program to compile statistical information and reports. The UCR
21750-706: Was featured and profiled by news media worldwide and claimed to average 200 television appearances per month. In late 2008 and early 2009, Arpaio appeared in Smile...You're Under Arrest! , a three-episode Fox Reality Channel series in which persons with outstanding warrants were tricked into presenting themselves for arrest. Arpaio's jail detention practices included serving inmates Nutraloaf and edibles recovered from food rescue and limiting meals to twice daily. He also banned inmates from possessing "sexually explicit material" including Playboy magazine, after female officers complained that inmates openly masturbated while viewing
21900-461: Was headed by Sheriff Paul Penzone until his resignation in January, 2024. In Arkansas, sheriffs and their deputies are fully empowered peace officers with county-wide jurisdiction and thus, may legally exercise their authority in unincorporated and incorporated areas of a county. Under state law, sheriffs and their deputies, as well as all other law enforcement and peace officers, are on-duty 24 hours
22050-441: Was initiated prior to 180 days of service. The vast majority of these administrative separations occur during recruit training or "boot camp". This type of discharge (over 19,000 in 2019) does not attempt to characterize service as good or bad. Rather, an uncharacterized discharge is the absence of a characterization of service, as the individual being discharged does not have sufficient time in service in order to fairly characterize
22200-522: Was not an "adequate or humane alternative to housing inmates in suitable ... jail facilities." Tent City was criticized by groups contending that there were violations of human and constitutional rights. Arpaio stated he reserved the punishment of living in Tent City "for those who have been convicted." During the summer of 2003, when outside temperatures exceeded 110 °F (43 °C), Arpaio said to complaining inmates, "It's 120 degrees [49 °C] in Iraq and
22350-467: Was the requirement that inmates wear pink underwear in order to prevent its theft by the released inmates. He claimed this saved the county $ 70,000 in the first year the rule was in effect. Arpaio subsequently started to sell customized pink boxers (with the Maricopa County Sheriff's logo and "Go Joe") as a fund-raiser for Sheriff's Posse Association. Despite allegations of misuse of funds received from these sales, Arpaio declined to provide an accounting for
22500-449: Was used to pay employees to patrol Maricopa County. The analysis also showed that many sheriff's office employees, whose salaries were paid from the restricted detention fund, were working job assignments different from those recorded in their personnel records. Arpaio's office kept a separate set of personnel books detailing actual work assignments, different from information kept in the county's official human resources records. Arpaio used
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