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30-598: Argyle Square is a garden square in the London Borough of Camden in London , England . It is the main public park in Kings Cross . The square was built in the 1830s and 1840s, after the collapse of an attempt to build a music and arts centre in the area. Before its construction, the area was home to one of London's waste dumps. Almost all of the square remains in its original form, with numbers 7 to 47 (i.e. everything but

60-578: A few higher ranking nobles, such as the Prince de Soubise , lived there. The Place des Vosges remained a place for nobles to meet. The district fell into disrepair after the French Revolution and was then abandoned by the nobility completely. It was to remain unfashionable until the late 20th century. After the French Revolution, the district was no longer the aristocratic district it had been during

90-777: A public private partnership between the Department of Parks and Recreation and the Fitler Square Improvement Association. In Boston tens of squares exist, some having a mainly residential use. The Kingstowne development in Fairfax County, Virginia , near Washington, DC , contains several townhouse complexes built around garden squares. In Africa, garden squares are rare. Many squares and parks in Africa were constructed during colonial rule, along with European-styled architecture. A well-known square like this in Africa

120-513: A state of neglect. In 1964, General de Gaulle's Culture Minister, Andre Malraux , made the Marais the first secteur sauvegardé (literally translated as safeguarded sector ). That was meant to protect and conserve places deemed to be of special cultural significance. In the following decades, the government and the city led an active restoration and Rehabilitation Policy . The main hôtels particuliers have since been restored and turned into museums:

150-443: Is Greenmarket Square , in the center of Cape Town , which previously hosted more townhouses at its edges but has been mostly paved over. Garden Squares generally do not occur throughout Asia. Parks usually occupy the need for urban green spaces, while historic and modern gardens exist as attractions, not central communal spaces. Le Marais The Marais ( Le Marais French: [lə maʁɛ] ; "the marsh")

180-525: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Garden square The archetypal garden square is surrounded by tall terraced houses and other types of townhouse . Because it is designed for the amenity of surrounding residents, it is subtly distinguished from a town square designed to be a public gathering place: due to its inherent private history, it may have a pattern of dedicated footpaths and tends to have considerably more plants than hard surfaces or large monuments. At their conception in

210-546: Is a historic district in Paris , France . It spreads across parts of the 3rd and 4th arrondissements on the Rive Droite , or Right Bank, of the Seine . Having once been an aristocratic district, it is home to many buildings of historic and architectural importance. It lost its status as a fashionable district in the late 18th century, with only minor nobles calling the area home. After

240-479: Is famous for them; they are described as one of the glories of the capital. Many were built or rebuilt during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, at the height of Georgian architecture , and are surrounded by townhouses . Large projects, such as the Bedford Estate , included garden squares in their development. The Notting Hill and Bloomsbury neighbourhoods both have many garden squares, with

270-457: The French Revolution , the district fell into disrepair and was abandoned by nobility. After a long period of decay, the district has undergone transformation in recent years and is now once again amongst the more fashionable areas of Paris, known for its art galleries, upscale restaurants and museums. In 1240, the Knights Templar built a fortified church just outside the walls of Paris, in

300-958: The Hôtel Salé hosts the Picasso Museum, the Hôtel Carnavalet the Paris Historical Museum, the Hôtel Donon the Cognacq-Jay Museum , and the Hôtel de Saint-Aignan hosts the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme . The site of Beaubourg, the western part of Marais, was chosen for the Centre Georges Pompidou , France's national Museum of Modern Art, which is widely considered one of the world's most important cultural institutions. The building

330-850: The Place de la République . The enclosed garden terraces ( French: jardins terrasses ) and courtyards ( French: cours ) of some French former palaces have resulted in redevelopments into spaces equivalent to garden squares. The same former single-owner scenario applies to at least one garden square in London ( Coleridge Square ). Grandiose instances of garden-use town squares are a part of many French cities, others opt for solid material town squares. The Square de Meeûs and Square Orban are notable examples in Brussels. Dublin has several Georgian examples, including Merrion Square , Fitzwilliam Square , Mountjoy Square , St Stephens Green and Parnell Square . Perhaps

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360-468: The 17th and 18th centuries. Because of this, the district became a popular and active commercial area, hosting one of Paris' main Jewish communities. At the end of the 19th century and during the first half of the 20th, the district around the rue des Rosiers , referred to as the " Pletzl ", welcomed many Eastern European Jews ( Ashkenazi ) who reinforced the district's clothing specialization. During World War II

390-585: The 19th century, with notable exceptions below. Rittenhouse Square in the Center City, Philadelphia encases a public garden, one of the five original open-space parks planned by William Penn and his surveyor Thomas Holme during the late 17th century. It was first named Southwest Square. Nearby Fitler Square is a similar garden square named for late 19th century Philadelphia mayor Edwin Henry Fitler shortly after his death in 1896. The Square, cared for through

420-636: The 20th century, many garden squares that were previously accessible only to defined residents became accessible to the public. Those in central urban locations, such as Leicester Square in London's West End, have become indistinguishable from town squares. Others, while publicly accessible, are largely used by local residents and retain the character of garden squares or small communal parks. Many private squares, even in busy locations, remain private, such as Portman Square in Marylebone in London, despite its proximity to London's busiest shopping districts. London

450-570: The French nobility. Among the many urban mansions— hôtels particuliers , in French—they built there were the Hôtel de Sens , the Hôtel de Sully , the Hôtel de Beauvais , the Hôtel Carnavalet , the Hôtel de Guénégaud and the Hôtel de Soubise . During the late 18th century, the district was no longer considered the most fashionable district by the nobility, yet it still kept its reputation of being an aristocratic area. By that time, only minor nobles and

480-522: The Jewish community was targeted by the Nazis who were occupying France. As of today, the rue des Rosiers remains a major center of the Paris Jewish community, which has made a comeback since the 1990s. Public notices announce Jewish events, bookshops specialize in Jewish books, and numerous restaurants and other outlets sell kosher food. The synagogue on 10 rue Pavée is adjacent to the rue des Rosiers. It

510-573: The current n°7 rue de Sévigné. In 1361, King Charles V built a mansion known as the Hôtel Saint-Pol , in which the Royal Court settled during his reign (as well as his son's). From that time to the 17th century and especially after the Royal Square ( Place Royale , current place des Vosges ) was designed under King Henri IV of France in 1605, the Marais was the favoured place of residence of

540-519: The district was "the beating heart of French Jewry". In 1982, Palestinian extremists murdered six people and injured 22 at a Jewish restaurant in the Marais, Chez Jo Goldenberg , an attack which evidenced ties to the Abu Nidal Organization . By 2019 much Jewish business activity left The Marais, and it had fewer Jewish residents. By the 1950s, the district had become a working-class area and most of its architectural masterpieces were in

570-428: The early 17th century, each such garden was a private communal amenity for the residents of the overlooking houses akin to a garden courtyard within a palace or community. Such community courtyards date back to at least Ur in 2000 BC where two-storey houses were built of fired brick around an open square. Kitchen , working, and public spaces were located on the ground floor, with private rooms located upstairs. In

600-467: The former mostly still restricted to residents, and the latter open to all. Other UK cities prominent in the Georgian era such as Edinburgh , Bath , Bristol and Leeds have several garden squares. Householders with access to a private garden square are commonly required to pay a maintenance levy. Normally the charge is set annually by a garden committee. Sometimes private garden squares are opened to

630-479: The home front to perform the duties previously filled by men who were now soldiers on the front lines. China sent a few thousand of its citizens, on the condition that they would not actually take part in the war. Following the 1918 Allied victory, some of them stayed in Paris, living around the current rue au Maire. Today, most work in jewellery and leather-related products. The Marais' Chinese community has mainly settled in

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660-591: The most famous garden square in the United States is Gramercy Park in southern Midtown Manhattan . Famously, it has remained private and gated throughout its existence; possession of a key to the park is a jealously guarded privilege that only certain local residents enjoy. The tradition of fee simple land ownership in American cities has made collective amenities such as garden squares comparatively rare. Very few sub-dividers and developers included them in plats during

690-724: The north of the district, particularly in the vicinity of Place de la République . Next to it, on the Rue du Temple, is the Chinese Church of Paris. Other features of the neighborhood include the Musée Picasso , the house of Nicolas Flamel , the Musée Cognacq-Jay , and the Musée Carnavalet . The Marais became a center of LGBT culture, beginning in the 1980s. Florence Tamagne, author of "Paris: 'Resting on its Laurels'?", wrote that

720-642: The north side) Grade II-listed. It was the headquarters of the Swedenborgian movement in England, having been home to the New Jerusalem Church. However, the church was bombed in World War II, and later demolished as unsafe. Although originally built exclusively for residential properties (other than the church), the square is now home to a number of bed and breakfasts . This London location article

750-537: The northern part of the Marais. Later on, The Temple (also known as the Temple Quarter) had many religious institutions built nearby. These include: the convents des Blancs-Manteaux, de Sainte-Croix-de-la-Bretonnerie and des Carmes-Billettes, as well as the church of Sainte-Catherine-du-Val-des-Écoliers  [ fr ] . During the mid-13th century, Charles I of Anjou , King of Naples and Sicily, and brother of King Louis IX of France built his residence near

780-551: The outset, is the Square René Viviani . Gardens substantially cover a few of the famous Places in the capital; instead, the majority are paved and replete with profoundly hard materials such as Place de la Concorde . Inspired by ecological interests and a 21st-century focus on pollution mitigation, an increasing number of the Places in Paris today many have a focal tree or surrounding raised flower beds/and or rows of trees such as

810-471: The public, such as during Open Garden Squares Weekend. Privately owned squares which survived the decades after the French Revolution and 19th century Haussmann's renovation of Paris include the Place des Vosges and Square des Épinettes in Paris. The Place des Vosges was a fashionable and expensive square to live in during the 17th and 18th centuries, and one of the central reasons that Le Marais district became so fashionable for French nobility. It

840-487: Was completed in 1977 with advanced modern architectural features by Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers . The Marais is now one of Paris' most frequented localities for art galleries. Following its restoration, the Marais has now become a popular and culture-defining district, home to many upscale restaurants, museums, fashion houses, and galleries. The Marais is also known for its Chinese community, which first formed during World War I . At that time, France needed workers on

870-567: Was designed in 1913 by Art Nouveau architect Hector Guimard , who designed many Paris Metro stations. The Marais houses the Museum of Jewish Art and History , the largest French museum of Jewish art and history. The museum conveys the extensive history and culture of Jews in Europe and North Africa from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. Cnaan Lipshiz of Times of Israel wrote that in previous eras

900-475: Was inaugurated in 1612 with a grand carrousel to celebrate the engagement of Louis XIII to Anne of Austria and is a prototype of the residential squares of European cities that were to come. What was new about the Place Royale as it was known in 1612 was that the house fronts were all built to the same design, probably by Baptiste du Cerceau . In town squares, similarly green but publicly accessible from

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