The arghul ( Arabic : أرغول or يرغول ), also spelled argul , arghoul , arghool , argol , or yarghul , is a musical instrument in the reed family . It has been used since ancient Egyptian times and is still used as a traditional instrument in Egypt , Palestine , Syria and Jordan .
21-408: [REDACTED] (From Edward William Lane's An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians .) Modern Arghul, 3 ft. 2½ in. long. The arghul is a double-pipe, Single-reed woodwind instrument that consists of two tubes: a melody pipe with between five and seven holes and a longer drone (Arabic ardiyya , "ground") pipe. Its tone is similar to that of a clarinet , although
42-505: A bit more reed-like. Unlike the similar mijwiz , the arghul has fingering holes on only one of the instrument's pipes (the melody pipe), and the drone pipe has a detachable length that allows the player to alter the pitch of the drone. In the illustration above all three lengths are shown in use. An arghul belonging to the collection of the Conservatoire Royal at Brussels, described by Victor Mahillon in his catalogue (No. 113), gives
63-523: A drone. There are melody keys on the other reed and the main melody is played through them. Çifte is also known as Argun, Argul, Kargın or Zambır at different regions. In Turkish, the word "çifte" also refers to a double-barreled shotgun , no doubt because of the barrels' resemblance to the wind instrument. The dozaleh is one of the old folk wind instruments of Iran which is used in mirth celebrations. Abu Nasr Farabi had called it Mezmarol-Mosana or Mozdavadg [mozdavej] ("married"). The dozaleh has
84-523: A drone. There are melody keys on the other reed and the main melody is played through them. Çifte is also known as Argun, Argul, Kargın or Zambır at different regions. In Turkish, the word "çifte" also refers to a double-barreled shotgun , no doubt because of the barrels' resemblance to the wind instrument. The dozaleh is one of the old folk wind instruments of Iran which is used in mirth celebrations. Abu Nasr Farabi had called it Mezmarol-Mosana or Mozdavadg [mozdavej] ("married"). The dozaleh has
105-402: A seal due to the angle at which the mouthpiece rests in the mouth. With the saxophone embouchure , the lower lip rests against, but not over, the teeth as in pronouncing the letter "V" and the corners of the lip are drawn in (similar to a drawstring bag). With the less common double-lip embouchure, the top lip is placed under (around) the top teeth. In both instances, the position of the tongue in
126-571: A sound like Ney-anbān [neianbAn] (bagpipe), but to some extent more clear and lower. It is played in Khorasan [xorAsAn], Kermanshah [KermAnSAh], and mostly in Iran. In some different dialects it is called Zanbooreh [zanbureh]. Attribution: Single-reed instrument A single-reed instrument is a woodwind instrument that uses only one reed to produce sound. The very earliest single-reed instruments were documented in ancient Egypt, as well as
147-445: Is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It is made by tying two reed pipes side by side. Two small reed pieces which produce the sound are added to the ends of both reeds. These two small reeds are taken into the mouth cavity and it is played by blowing the air into both at the same time. There are two çifte types known as Demli Çifte and Demsiz Çifte. In demli çifte one of the reeds does not have any pitch keys and it just produces
168-445: Is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It is made by tying two reed pipes side by side. Two small reed pieces which produce the sound are added to the ends of both reeds. These two small reeds are taken into the mouth cavity and it is played by blowing the air into both at the same time. There are two çifte types known as Demli Çifte and Demsiz Çifte. In demli çifte one of the reeds does not have any pitch keys and it just produces
189-489: Is similar to that of a clarinet , although a bit more reed-like. Unlike the similar mijwiz , the arghul has fingering holes on only one of the instrument's pipes (the melody pipe), and the drone pipe has a detachable length that allows the player to alter the pitch of the drone. In the illustration above all three lengths are shown in use. An arghul belonging to the collection of the Conservatoire Royal at Brussels, described by Victor Mahillon in his catalogue (No. 113), gives
210-612: Is still used as a traditional instrument in Egypt , Palestine , Syria and Jordan . [REDACTED] (From Edward William Lane's An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians .) Modern Arghul, 3 ft. 2½ in. long. The arghul is a double-pipe, Single-reed woodwind instrument that consists of two tubes: a melody pipe with between five and seven holes and a longer drone (Arabic ardiyya , "ground") pipe. Its tone
231-473: The arghul and the zummara. Examples include clarinets , saxophones , and some bagpipes . See links to other examples below. Single reed instruments fall under three Hornbostel–Sachs classes: The following is a list of clarinets and saxophones, relative to their range and key of transposition from the opposite family: Note that if one was to compare clarinets to their saxophone counterparts while considering their approximate lowest (concert) pitch†,
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#1733094152955252-405: The oboe and bassoon ), there is no mouthpiece; the two parts of the reed vibrate against one another. Reeds are traditionally made of cane and produce sound when air is blown across or through them. The type of instruments that use a single reed are clarinets and saxophone. The timbre of a single and double reed instrument is related to the harmonic series caused by the shape of the corpus. E.g.
273-526: The Middle East, Greece, and the Roman Empire. The earliest types of single-reed instruments used idioglottal reeds, where the vibrating reed is a tongue cut and shaped on the tube of cane. Much later, single-reed instruments started using heteroglottal reeds, where a reed is cut and separated from the tube of cane and attached to a mouthpiece of some sort. By contrast, in a double reed instrument (such as
294-509: The Old Kingdom in Egypt (2778–2723 BCE), memets were depicted on the reliefs of seven tombs at Saqqarra, six tombs at Giza, and the pyramids of Queen Khentkaus. Most memets were double-clarinets, where two reed tubes were tied or glued together to form one instrument. Multiple pipes were used to reinforce sound or generate a strong beat-tone with slight variations in tuning among the pipes. One of
315-406: The chin muscles and the buccinator muscles on the sides of the mouth. The top teeth rest on top of the mouthpiece. The manner in which the lower lip rests against the teeth differs between clarinet and saxophone embouchures. In clarinet playing, the lower lip is rolled over the teeth and corners of the mouth are drawn back, which has the effect of drawing the upper lip around the mouthpiece to create
336-419: The clarinet is only including the odd harmonics due to air column modes canceling out the even harmonics. This may be compared to the timbre of a square wave . Most single-reed instruments are descended from single-reed idioglot instruments called 'memet', found in Egypt as early as 2700 BCE. Due to their fragility, no instruments from antiquity were preserved but iconographic evidence is prevalent. During
357-424: The following scale: — Arghuls are used in Egypt and other Arab nations as an accompaniment to belly dancing , Dabke , and other types of Arabic musical performances. Circular breathing is an important part of the playing of the instrument. There are three varieties of arghuls: the small arghul ( arghoul alasghar ), the medium arghul ( arghoul alsoghayr ), and the large arghul ( arghoul alkebir ). Çifte
378-424: The following scale: — Arghuls are used in Egypt and other Arab nations as an accompaniment to belly dancing , Dabke , and other types of Arabic musical performances. Circular breathing is an important part of the playing of the instrument. There are three varieties of arghuls: the small arghul ( arghoul alasghar ), the medium arghul ( arghoul alsoghayr ), and the large arghul ( arghoul alkebir ). Çifte
399-406: The mouth plays a vital role in focusing and accelerating the air stream blown by the player. This results in a more mature and full sound, rich in overtones . Arghul The arghul ( Arabic : أرغول or يرغول ), also spelled argul , arghoul , arghool , argol , or yarghul , is a musical instrument in the reed family . It has been used since ancient Egyptian times and
420-408: The order would shift: Although the clarinet and saxophone both have a single reed attached to their mouthpiece, the playing technique or embouchure is distinct from each other. The standard embouchures for single reed woodwinds like the clarinet and saxophone are variants of the single lip embouchure , formed by resting the reed upon the bottom lip, which rests on the teeth and is supported by
441-439: The tubes usually functioned as a drone, but the design of these simple instruments varied endlessly. The entire reed entered the mouth, meaning that the player could not easily articulate so melodies were defined by quick movement of the fingers on the tone holes. These types of double-clarinets are still prevalent today, but also developed into simplified single-clarinets and hornpipes. Modern-day idioglots found in Egypt include
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