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27-483: The oldest traces of the history of the concelho (municipality) of Arganil are located in Lomba do Canho and the dolmen known as Dolmem dos Moinhos de Vento, very close to the town of Arganil. By the chronology of its construction and occupation, centered on the second and third quarters of the first century BC, well before the creation of the province of Lusitania , the military installation of Lomba do Canho corresponds to

54-510: A factor in attracting people to this region, located in a nodal point of the road network. The remains of the Roman era found in Coja are not many, nor very significant. Those that are known, mainly located along the road that came from Coimbra (called Aeminium by then) passing through Lomba do Canho, Quinta do Mosteiro, Lomba dos Palheiros (Vale Moleiro), Vale de Carro, Senhora da Ribeira, Coja, bordered

81-486: A neighbours council ( concelho ), with its own municipal autonomy. As a result, the population would become directly and exclusively under the dominion and jurisdiction of the crown, excluding the Lord from the power hierarchy. The Foral granted public lands to the collective use of the community, regulated taxes, tolls and fines and established protection rights and military duties within royal service. A pillory ( pelourinho )

108-594: A phase of appropriation of the territory by the Romans . Not already the beginning of the conquest and submission of local populations, but a second moment of control and exploitation of resources, under the surveillance of a military garrison. Also in Côja (or Coja) it is possible to discover some occupation in older times. The auriferous riches of the river Alva and Ribeira da Mata, whose exploration since ancient times are recognized by multiple testimonies in its margins, have been

135-650: A very high amount for the time). Equally important was the livestock fair, especially with regard to cattle, considered the "main commercial factor of this fair, usually (...) being the regulator [barometer] of the respective transactional movement". In 1902, three days before the fair started, 122 stalls had been rented for white and woolen fabrics, 23 for hat makers, 10 for fine hardware, 7 for watchmakers, 18 for goldsmiths, 20 for raw linen, 6 for boilermakers, 7 for tinsmiths, 12 for shoemakers, 50 for haberdashery, 20 for cordage, 18 for heavy ironmongery, 9 for fine ware, 30 for saragças (thick woolen cloths), and 50 botequins. From

162-481: Is composed of two parchment notebooks. The maximum dimensions are 250mm x 170mm, with the text box occupying 160mm x 120mm. Each sheet presents at the center at the top the Roman numerals. Besides the fixed commerce, then relatively unimportant, it should be mentioned the fair of Mon'talto, which took place between 6 and 8 September each year, and attracted traders from various parts of the country, particularly from Beira Alta and Alentejo . This ancient fair, which had

189-407: Is the executive body that is charged with governing the territory and policies of the region. Owing to population, the municipal chamber can comprise a number of alderman (normally between 5 and 17) elected by lists, using direct, universal suffragan vote, based with or without political parties. The municipal assembly, sometimes parliament , is responsible principally for auditing the activities of

216-498: The Lusitanians , who survived the hardships of war. They would be a group of free men who populate this territory. But as the territory becomes organized, attention inevitably turns to this area which is presented as an entrance to the 8th century Muslim incursions in the interior. Thus appear the first documents that prove actions carried out in order to organize the territory, building castles, occupying land, settling people. From

243-461: The 12th and the 16th centuries. The Foral was the basis for municipal foundation, thus the most important event of a city or town's history. It was critical to a successful land settling and an increase in crop yields, by giving more freedom and dignity, via a concession , to farmers, in an age when people were subject to near slave work, as servants of landlords . The Foral made a concelho free from feudal control, transferring power down to

270-523: The Rio Alva, in Coja and headed north to Bobadela and/or northeast towards Castro de S. Romão (Seia), seem to correspond to buildings related to the exploitation of gold resources in the Rio Alva. We know that the western part of Serra da Estrela was, during dozens of years, a frontier zone. Probably it was, until the end of the XI century, a no man's land . The inhabitants would be the indigenous people, descendants of

297-567: The XII century we know some names like the Frenchman Uzberto, Anaia Vestrariz, Randulfo Soleimás, Fernão Peres de Trava who settled in this area. They are adventurous men who fight on their own and receive favors from the king for the victories achieved in the fight against the Moors . When Afonso Henriques comes to power and fights are fought with his mother Teresa , these lords lose their importance to

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324-472: The castle of Santa Eulália. The Monastery of Folques, which from 1160 maintains a connection to the Canons Regular of Santa Cruz de Coimbra , plays a very important role in the social and economic development of the region, having given charter to Folques in the early thirteenth century, perhaps 1204, in addition to the charter that gave their land Fajão in 1233, Cepos in 1237 and Alvares, possibly even during

351-560: The civil parish ( Portuguese : freguesias ), the Portuguese concelho is the most stable territorial subdivision within the country, with over 900 years of history. Founded in the royal charters attributed to parcels and territorial enclaves, in order to establish a presence by the Crown, rather than personal fiefdoms of the nobility and aristocracy. This municipal institution changed throughout history: many were abolished and reconstituted based on

378-519: The company had its headquarters in Arganil and its factory - the generating plant - at the site of Rei de Moinhos, on the border and parish of Meda de Mouros, already in the municipality ( concelho ) of Tábua , about 6 km from this town. If Competidora Comercial e Industrial de Arganil, Lda. was the concessionaire for the supply of electricity to the municipality of Arganil for only five years, between 1926 and 1930, HEA will take over this concession at

405-505: The end of 1930 and will keep it until September 30, 1978. The administrative division of the municipality of Arganil has undergone mutations over time. It is divided into several freguesias (civil parishes). With the entry into force of Law No. 11 - A/2013 of 28 January (Administrative reorganization of the territory of the parishes), the Municipality of Arganil is now composed of 10 parishes and 4 unions of parishes: The economy of

432-501: The executive branch. Its members are elected by population and proportionally by civil parishes, using the same schema as the executive (by universal direct suffrage with or without political parties), but also represented by the presidents of the juntas de freguesia ( civil parish council presidents ). Though a unitary state, the Portuguese model governance has undergone periods of centralized and decentralized tendencies: Manueline Foral The Carta de Foral , or simply Foral ,

459-529: The fact that its chapel was decorated with quality images and boasted a sumptuous carving. The Cathedral of Coimbra had the lordship of Arganil. In 1114 the Bishop D. Gonçalo gave its inhabitants a charter. The population was divided into jugadiers and knights villains. It was specified the rights to hunt, the parade or harvest, and the service of walkers, not forgetting to declare that the knights villains were exempt from jugada. The nature that buildings acquired from

486-487: The first half of the twentieth century begins the process of installing electric light in the municipality of Arganil. This process will go through the entire 20th century, with the last villages receiving electric light almost at the end of the century. The Hidroeléctrica de Arganil (HEA) was the only company created in the municipality of Arganil with the exclusive purpose of "exploring electrical industries". Its constitution took place on February 22, 1927, and established that

513-423: The hand of pedestrians to that of villain horsemen was determined, as well as the conditions necessary for any person to be included in this category. Throughout the charter however there is not a single circumstance that reveals the existence in Arganil, of magistrates themselves and without an addition, made in this diploma after issued, it would be nothing more than a simple civil contract. This addition, written in

540-403: The king, leave the court and settle in the places where they have their lands, forming there their lordships. Ecclesiastical lordships also appear. The oldest is that of Arganil, which in 1114 receives a charter given by the bishop of Coimbra Gonçalo. The castle of Coja is given by Teresa to the Bishop of Coimbra in 1122, after having belonged to Fernão Peres de Trava , who receives as compensation

567-512: The municipality of Arganil is centered on agriculture , forestry , construction and related light industry , as well as retail and services. The town has Intermarché , Lidl and Continente supermarkets. Administratively, the municipality is divided into 14 civil parishes ( freguesias ): Concelho Concelho ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kõˈseʎu] ) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality , referring to

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594-462: The name of the settlers, is as follows: "in addition to everything, we add one sexteiro to each ox so that we do not put anyone for mayor but to our satisfaction." The Manueline Foral attributed to Arganil is a parchment codex . The copy that is in the Arganil Town Hall has had its first 5 leaves amputated, which included the title page and the multiplication table. Its codicil structure

621-609: The political necessity; first they were subject to the specifics of each charter (which varied based on conditions and circumstances), and then based on national laws established during the Liberal era. Today, the municipalities are governed by the municípios , constituted by the Câmara Municipal ( Municipal Chamber ), its executive organ and by the Assembleia Municipal ( Municipal Assembly ), its deliberative body. The Câmara

648-399: The status of a free fair, was an extraordinary event, and not only from the commercial point of view, because it completely transformed the usual rhythm and monotony of daily life in Arganil, while allowing some rare moments of distraction and leisure. The main transactions were made in the business of fancaria, gold, footwear and raw linen (a branch in which deals were made valued at 80 contos,

675-589: The territorial subdivision in local government . In comparison, the word município ( Portuguese pronunciation: [muniˈsipiu] ) refers to the organs of State . This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council . After

702-567: The thirteenth century. The Convent of Vila Cova de Alva appeared only in the 18th century, linked to the Franciscans of the Province of Conceição. Its founder, or main driving force, was Desembargador Luís da Costa Faria, and it was João Coelho Coluna who took charge of the monastic house. According to the ideals and the Franciscan rule, the house of Vila Cova was modest, a fact that does not invalidate

729-399: Was a royal document in Portugal and its former empire , whose purpose was to establish a concelho (Council) and regulate its administration, borders and privileges. A newly founded town would also need the king's approval through a Foral , in order to be considered one. In this case, the town's administration and privileges would be defined in that document. Forais were granted between

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