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45-804: The Ardon River is formed from the confluence of the Mamisondon, Nardon, Adaykom, and Tsmiakomdon rivers, which are sourced from the glaciers of the Main Caucasian Range. It flows through the North Ossetian Reserve, passing through the deep Alagir Gorge and the Transcaucasian Highway before reaching the Ossetian plain. The Alagir Gorge is also home to the Sadon deposit of lead-zinc ores, as well as villages like Buron, Sadon, Upper Zgid, and Mizur. Once

90-645: A minuscule southern part of Ingushetia of Russia . Tiflis Governorate was established in 1846 along with the Kutaisi Governorate, after the dissolution of the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate . It was initially formed from uezds of Tiflis , Gori , Telavi , Signakh , Elizavetpol , Erivan , Nakhichevan and Alexandropol and the okrugs of Zakatal , Ossetian and Tushino-Pshavo-Khevsurian. In 1849, uezds of Erivan, Nakhichevan and Alexandropol were attached to Erivan Governorate . In 1859,

135-411: A stable growth of all sectors of the economy and major social parameters. The nature and climatic conditions of the republic contribute to the successful development of various economic sectors, which is compounded by the abundance of natural resources. Gross regional product pro capita of the region in 2006 was 61,000 rubles ($ 2,596) and increased 30% in the 2005–2007 time period. GRP pro capita in 2007

180-602: Is Vladikavkaz , located on the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains. The majority of the republic's population (68.1% as of 2021) are Ossetians , an Iranian ethnic group native to the republic and neighboring South Ossetia . Ossetian is an east Iranian language descended from the medieval Alanic and ancient Sarmatian languages. Unlike many ethnic groups in the North Caucasus, the majority of Ossetians are Christians, predominantly Eastern Orthodox . Almost 30% of

225-506: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . North Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania North Ossetia ( Russian : Северная Осетия , romanized :  Severnaya Osetiya ; Ossetian : Цæгат Ирыстон/Иристон , romanized:  Cægat Iryston/Iriston ), officially

270-633: Is a cascade of operating Zaramag hydropower plants, including the Golovnaya HPP with a capacity of 15 MW and the Zaramagskaya HPP-1 with a capacity of 346 MW. There are plans to build the Zaramagskaya HPP-2 with a capacity of 72.9 MW, and earlier plans for the construction of the Zaramag HPP-3 (Tamisk) with a capacity of 46 MW have been made. This North Ossetia–Alania location article

315-474: Is varied and specializes in the cultivation of wheat, corn, and sunflowers; horticulture; viticulture; and cattle and sheep breeding. North Ossetia’s industry is mainly concentrated in Vladikavkaz . Major companies located here include Elektrotsink, Gazoapparat, an instrument-making plant, Elektrokontraktor, a factory producing automotive electrical equipment, a large-panel construction complex, and companies in

360-511: The Chechen conflict , most notably in the form of the 2004 Beslan school siege . Proposals for Russia to annex South Ossetia in order to incorporate the two as one entity exist to this day. Ossetian cuisine is distinguished as an integral aspect of Ossetian culture. Ossetian-style pies such as Fydzhin (a meat pie ) are a quintessential component of Ossetian cuisine. The "three pies" concept holds special symbolic significance, and representing

405-709: The Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918. The governorate and its counties were soon abolished after its incorporation into the Soviet Union and reorganised into the raions (counties) of the Georgian SSR by 1930. The counties ( uezds ) of the Tiflis Governorate in 1917 were as follows: ( Dusheti ) ( Signagi ) ( Telavi ) ( Tbilisi ) ( Tianeti ) According to the Russian Empire Census ,

450-590: The East Iranian group. Ossetian is the only Iranic language spoken natively in Europe that survives to this day. Russian, acting as a lingua franca in the region, is an East Slavic language and as such also belongs to the Indo-European family, which means the two languages are related, albeit distantly. According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people, 49% of the population of North Ossetia–Alania adheres to

495-759: The Kazakh uezd was formed from it) became a part of the Elizavetpol Governorate. In 1874, the southern part of Akhaltsikhe uezd became the Akhalkalaki uezd , and the Tionety okrug was elevated to an uezd . Finally, the southern part of Tiflis uezd was detached to become the Borchaly uezd . The Tiflis Governorate lasted within these boundaries for some 50 years until the Russian Revolution and subsequent founding of

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540-635: The North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on 7 July 1924, then merged into the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 5 December 1936. In World War II , it was subject to a number of attacks by Nazi German invaders unsuccessfully trying to seize Vladikavkaz in 1942. The North Ossetian ASSR declared itself the autonomous republic of the Soviet Union on 20 June 1990. Its name was changed to

585-561: The Ossetians . Islam was introduced to the region in the 17th century by Kabardians . Conflicts between the Khanate of Crimea and the Ottoman Empire eventually pushed Ossetia into an alliance with Imperial Russia in the 18th century. Soon, Russia established a military base in the capital, Vladikavkaz , making it the first Russian-controlled area in the northern Caucasus. By 1806, Ossetia

630-553: The Ossetian–Ingush conflict . The results of the conflict were that 7,000 Ossetians and 64,000 Ingush refugees had to flee their homes. On 23 March 1995, North Ossetia–Alania signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy. However, this agreement was abolished on 2 September 2002. Following the de facto independence of South Ossetia, there have been proposals in this state of joining Russia and uniting with North Ossetia. As well as dealing with

675-581: The Republic of North Ossetia–Alania , is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe . It borders the country of Georgia to the south, and the Russian federal subjects of Kabardino-Balkaria to the west, Stavropol Krai to the north, Chechnya to the east and Ingushetia to the southeast. Its population according to the 2021 Census was 687,357. The republic’s capital city

720-528: The Russian Orthodox Church , 10% declare to be unaffiliated Christian believers, 2% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox bodies. The second-largest religion is Ossetian ethnic religion , generally called Uatsdin (Уацдин, "True Faith"), a Scythian religion organized into movements such as the Atsata Church, comprising 29% of

765-524: The Russian SFSR , while South Ossetia became an autonomous oblast within the Georgian SSR . Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the republic experienced internal conflict like in much of the North Caucasus. In 1992, a brief ethnic war between Ossetians and the predominantly Muslim Ingush population in the Prigorodny District took place. The republic has experienced spillover from

810-670: The Southern Federal District and 10th in the nation. The republic has some of the most extensive telecommunication networks in the North Caucasus region and in Russia . It ranks first in terms of its telecom network installations in the Southern Federal District. The republic ranks fourth in Russia in terms of its paved roads, and its expanding transport and logistics complex provides communication networks between Russia and

855-642: The Soviet period, the high authority in the republic was shared between three people; the first secretary of the North Ossetia Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Republic Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and

900-749: The 9th century. The kingdom would fall to the Mongols in the 13th century. From 1774 to 1806, Ossetia was slowly incorporated into the Russian Empire , which would split the region into a northern part included in the Terek Oblast , and a southern one included in the Tiflis and Kutaisi governorates. This partition would persist in the Soviet period , where North Ossetia was made into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within

945-513: The Ossetian Okrug became part of Gori district and Tushino-Pshavo-Khevsurian Okrug was renamed to Tionety Okrug. In 1867, the northern part of Tiflis uezd was separated into the Dusheti uezd , while Akhaltsikhe uezd which was created after ceding from Ottoman Empire to Russian Empire in 1829, was detached from Kutaisi Governorate and part of Tiflis one. In 1868 Elizavetpol uezd (in the same decree,

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990-700: The Republic and more than half of its area is occupied by Alania National Park , the North Ossetia National Preserve, and game preserves. There are more than 250 therapeutic, mineral, and freshwater springs in the republic with estimated daily reserves of 15,000 cubic meters. Besides providing the basis for health spas, these mineral waters also have the potential to be bottled and sold. North Ossetian mineral waters are known for their unique qualities, as well as special mineral composition. In terms of its infrastructure, North Ossetia–Alania ranks second in

1035-511: The Republic of North Ossetia–Alania in 1994. The dissolution of the Soviet Union posed particular problems for the Ossetian people, who were divided between North Ossetia, which was part of the Russian SFSR , and South Ossetia , part of the Georgian SSR . In December 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR abolished the autonomous Ossetian enclave amid the rising ethnic tensions in

1080-696: The South Caucasus, as well as Central Asia. The complex includes two federal highways ( Georgian Military Road connects Vladikavkaz with Transcaucasia ) running across the Greater Caucasus Range , two customs checkpoints for cars, a developed railway network, Vladikavkaz international airport, and well-equipped transport terminals. Population : 687,357 ( 2021 Census ) ; 712,980 ( 2010 Census ) ; 710,275 ( 2002 Census ) ; 634,009 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Number of refugees : 12,570 Life expectancy: The majority of

1125-675: The Sun, Earth, and water. In the last years of the Soviet Union , as nationalist movements swept throughout the Caucasus, many intellectuals in the North Ossetian ASSR called for the revival of the name of Alania , a medieval kingdom of the Alans . The term "Alania" quickly became popular in Ossetian daily life through the names of various enterprises, TV channels, political and civic organizations, publishing house, football team, etc. In November 1994,

1170-402: The Tiflis Governorate had a population of 1,051,032 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 575,447 men and 475,585 women. The plurality of the population indicated Georgian to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian , Tatar, Russian , and Ossetian speaking minorities. Linguistic composition of uezds in the Tiflis Governorate in 1897 According to

1215-487: The effects of the conflict in South Ossetia, North Ossetia has had to deal with refugees and the occasional spillover of fighting from the wars around them. This notably manifested in the form of the 2004 Beslan school siege by Chechen terrorists. In recent years, North Ossetia–Alania’s economic development has been successful; the indicators of the republic’s social and economic development between 2005 and 2007 revealed

1260-444: The food industry. The Sadonsky industrial center has grown around the mining and forest industries. Despite the proximity to Chechnya, North Ossetia is making efforts to develop its tourist industry. Projects under a program for spa, resort, and tourism development have been successfully implemented in the mountainous part of the republic, according to the head of the regional government. There are nearly 3,000 historical monuments in

1305-456: The head of the Republic administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania is the fundamental law of the region. The Parliament of North Ossetia–Alania is the republic’s regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising

1350-553: The implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Republic’s Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of

1395-527: The name "Alania" was officially added to the republic’s title (Republic of North Ossetia–Alania). The republic is located in the North Caucasus . The northern part of the republic is situated in the Stavropol Plain . 22% of the republic’s territory is covered by forests. All of the republic’s rivers belong to the drainage basin of the Terek River . Major rivers include: All of the mountains located on

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1440-709: The observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia . The head of government in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania is the Head of the Republic. The current head of the republic is Sergey Menyaylo . Taymuraz Mamsurov succeeded Aleksandr Dzasokhov as head on 31 May 2005 following the Beslan school siege. There are six professional theaters in North Ossetia–Alania, as well as Ossetian State Philharmonia. Tiflis Governorate Tiflis Governorate

1485-477: The population adheres to Ossetian ethnic religion , generally called Uatsdin (Уацдин, "True Faith"), and there is a sizable Muslim minority. Ethnic Russians and Ingush , who form a majority in neighboring Ingushetia , form substantial minorities in the republic. The Ossetia region traces its history back to the ancient Alans , who founded the Kingdom of Alania in the 8th century and adopted Christianity in

1530-445: The population of North Ossetia are Christians who belong to the Russian Orthodox Church , although there is also a Muslim minority who are of Ossetian -speaking origin. According to the 2021 Census , Ossetians make up 68.1% of the republic’s population. Other groups include Russians (18.9%), Ingush (3.8%), Kumyks (2.8%), Armenians (1.8%), Georgians (1.0%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 1% of

1575-573: The population. Muslims constitute 4% of the population, and Protestants the 1%. In addition, 1% of the population declares to be " spiritual but not religious " and 3% to be atheist . The most important facilities of higher education include North Caucasus State Technological University , North Ossetian State University , North Ossetian State Medical Academy , and Mountain State Agrarian University  – all in Vladikavkaz. During

1620-457: The region , which was further fanned by Moscow; a lot of the conflict zone population, faced with the ethnic cleansing, was forced to flee across the border to either North Ossetia or Georgia proper. As a result, some 70,000 South Ossetian refugees were resettled in North Ossetia. Additionally, North Ossetia provoked the predominantly Ingush population in the Prigorodny District , which sparked

1665-456: The region include Elektrozinc, Sevkavkazenergo, Pobedit (tungsten and molybdenum producer). The most widespread resources are zinc - and lead -containing complex ores. There are deposits of limestone , dolomites , marble , and touchstone . There is also a large availability of construction materials, such as clay , sand , and gravel . The local oil deposit reserves are estimated at 10 million metric tons. The agricultural sector

1710-610: The river enters the plain near the city of Alagir, its waters are used for irrigation purposes. The city of Ardon is located 7 km from the confluence of the Ardon and Terek rivers, and the Ardon River receives its largest right tributary, the Fiagdon, near the mouth. Along a section of the river with a length of 16 km from the village of Nizhniy Zaramag to the confluence of the Baddon River, there

1755-516: The southwest, Batum Oblast to the west, Kutaisi Governorate to the northwest, Terek Oblast to the north, Dagestan Oblast to the northeast, and after 1905, the Zakatal Okrug to the east. The governorate covered areas of central and southeastern Georgia , the partially recognised state of South Ossetia , most of the Lori Province of Armenia , small parts of northwestern Azerbaijan , and

1800-406: The territory of the republic are a part of the Caucasus. Mount Kazbek is the highest point (5,033 m), with Mount Jimara being the second-highest (4,780 m). Natural resources include minerals ( copper , silver , zinc ), timber , mineral waters , hydroelectric power , and untapped reserves of oil and gas . The climate is moderately continental . The territory of North Ossetia

1845-478: The total population. 41,062 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group. There are two official languages in North Ossetia: Russian , which is official in all Russian territory, and Ossetian . Ossetian is an Indo-European language, belonging to

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1890-455: Was 76,455 rubles. From 2005 to 2007, the average monthly wage in North Ossetia–Alania doubled, with the actual cash earnings increased by 42.5 percent. In terms of the average monthly wage growth, the Republic ranks first in the North Caucasus. The regional government’s economic priorities include industrial growth, development of small enterprise, spas, and resorts, and strengthening the budgetary and tax discipline. The largest companies in

1935-515: Was a province ( guberniya ) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire with its administrative centre in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi ). In 1897, it constituted 44,607 square kilometres (17,223 sq mi) in area and had a population of 1,051,032 inhabitants. Tiflis Governorate bordered Elizavetpol Governorate to the southeast, Erivan Governorate to the south, Kars Oblast to

1980-572: Was first inhabited by Caucasian tribes. Some Nomadic Alans settled in the region in the 7th century, forming the Kingdom of Alania . It was eventually converted to Christianity by missionaries from Byzantium . Alania greatly profited from the Silk Road which passed through its territory. After the Middle Ages , the Mongols ’ and Tartars ’ repeated invasions decimated the population, now known as

2025-488: Was under complete Russian control. The Russians’ rule led to rapid development of industry and railways which overcame its isolation. The first books from the area came during the late 18th century, and became part of the Terskaya Region of Russia in the mid-19th century. The Russian Revolution of 1917 resulted in North Ossetia being merged into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921. It then became

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