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39-593: Coordinates : 33°02′51″N 96°50′55″W / 33.0475°N 96.8487°W / 33.0475; -96.8487 Nature preserve Arbor Hills Nature Preserve [REDACTED] Arbor Hills Nature Preserve, March 2008 [REDACTED] Location Plano, Texas Coordinates 33°02′51″N 96°50′55″W / 33.0475°N 96.8487°W / 33.0475; -96.8487 Area 200 acres Website https://www.plano.gov/1397/Arbor-Hills-Nature-Preserve Arbor Hills Nature Preserve
78-502: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
117-456: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
156-464: A coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for
195-588: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
234-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
273-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
312-475: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
351-519: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
390-526: Is a private Roman Catholic college preparatory high school in Plano, Texas . The school is within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas . The school's Vision is "We will make a difference in the world by walking in the footsteps of Pope John Paul II" and the school's Mission is "To develop leaders who are critical thinkers and effective communicators, committed to service and rooted in faith". "JP II"
429-431: Is a 200-acre park in Plano, Texas . It has several amenities including 3 miles of paved hiking trail, 3 miles of unpaved hiking trail, a 2.8 mile off-road bike trail, restrooms, a covered pavilion, and a playground. The pavilion can be reserved for special events. An observation tower provides a bird's eye view of the park. There are three regions in the park: Blackland Prairie, Riparian Forest, and Upland Forest. A pond in
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#1733084592330468-777: Is also among the best in TAPPS, with the Varsity Girls earning state finalist honors in 2007, 2008, and 2019, along with district championships for the girls in 2007 and three times for the boys in 2014, 2018, and 2019. Additionally, the Varsity Hockey team won a TAHA State Championship in 2016. Cardinal Swimming has recently succeeded, with the Varsity Boys placing second at the TAPPS State Championships in 2016 and third in 2021. Michael Belair, class of 2021, holds state records in
507-486: Is celebrating its 20th year as a high school during the 2024–2025 school year. First opened in 2005, John Paul II High School had an enrollment of just under 750 students for the 2023–2024 school year. John Paul II High School has a solid athletic history, and athletic programs continue to grow steadily. The Cardinals compete in the largest division of TAPPS , or Texas Association of Private and Parochial Schools. JPII offers 18 Varsity sports teams, with more than 70% of
546-529: Is incomplete. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arbor_Hills_Nature_Preserve&oldid=1177339768 " Categories : Nature reserves in Texas Protected areas of Denton County, Texas Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Pages using
585-452: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
624-664: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. John Paul II High School (Plano, Texas) John Paul II High School
663-440: Is the state record holder in the 110M Hurdles (14.77s) and 300M Hurdles (37.83), marks he set at the 2019 State Championships. The Cardinal Belles, John Paul II's drill team, have been historically excellent, winning TAPPS State Championships in 2015, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022. The Belles have been state finalists twice, in 2016 and 2017. The Varsity Cheerleading squad took home silver at the 2019 TAPPS State Championships and won
702-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
741-471: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
780-515: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
819-424: The 50 Free, 100 Free, and 200 Free and is a six-time state champion. JPII Cross Country has won district titles three times, in 2015, 2018, and 2019, while Cardinal Baseball won back-to-back district championships in 2014–2015. The Cardinal Football team has also found recent success, earning State Finalist honors in 2019 after falling to Parish Episcopal in the TAPPS 6A State Championship. JPII alumni Donavyn Lester
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#1733084592330858-499: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
897-708: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
936-524: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
975-501: The Kartographer extension Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form
1014-631: The TAPPS 6A State Championship in 2020 and 2022 under head coach Dan Lee. The Varsity Girls earned District Champion titles in 2013, 2020, and 2022, while the Varsity Boys have been District Champions four times in 2013 and 2020–2022. The Boy's Varsity Soccer Team won the state title on March 8, 2024, under head coach Fred Kaiser as they defeated San Antonio Central Catholic 2–1 at the Round Rock Sportsplex. The team also has won several district championships, including three consecutive years from 2014 to 2016 and again in 2021. The team placed second in
1053-526: The TAPPS Division 1 State Championship tournament in 2015-16 and 2020–21 and were state finalists in 2009, 2012, 2015–2016, and 2022. The Girls Varsity Soccer Team also placed second in the state behind Ursuline Academy in 2017–2018 and have been state finalists in 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2018. The Lady Cards won their first TAPPSS Division 1 State Championship in 2022 following a 2–0 win over Houston St. Pius X. Cardinal Tennis has always been competitive, with
1092-527: The Varsity Boys winning the TAPPS State Championship in 2016 and being runners-up in 2022. The Varsity Girls earned state finalist honors in 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2018–2019, while the Varsity Boys earned state finalist honors in 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2022. The Varsity Boys have been crowned District Champions five times (2008, 2014, 2016, 2019, and 2022), and the Varsity Girls have earned District Champion status twice (2018–2019). Cardinal Golf
1131-566: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
1170-613: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
1209-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
Arbor Hills Nature Preserve - Misplaced Pages Continue
1248-468: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
1287-749: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
1326-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
1365-579: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
1404-460: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
1443-2298: The preserve is named after Vasil Levski . Birds that live in the park include killdeer, owls, woodpeckers, egrets, herons, scissor-tailed flycatcher, and turkey vulture. Many other wildlife such as deer, coyotes, snakes, bobcats, turtles, fish, and rabbits also live in the park. References [ edit ] ^ "Arbor Hills Nature Preserve | Plano, TX - Official Website" . www.plano.gov . Retrieved 2021-02-20 . ^ "Google Maps" . ^ "Arbor Hills Nature Preserve Park Information and Interpretive Trail Guide" . 2006 . Retrieved February 20, 2021 . v t e Plano, Texas Primary and secondary schools Public Plano ISD Plano Senior Plano East Senior Plano West Senior Academy High Clark High Jasper High Shepton High Vines High Williams High Other districts Allen ISD Frisco ISD Lewisville ISD Private John Paul II High Great Lakes Academy Coram Deo Academy Collin County Campus Spring Creek Academy Other education Collin College Government City Council Mayor Fire-Rescue Landmarks Collin Creek Mall ( closed ) Heritage Farmstead Museum Interurban Railway Museum The Shops at Legacy The Shops at Willow Bend Companies Cinemark Theatres J. C. Penney Keurig Dr Pepper Rent-A-Center Yum China Transportation Jack Hatchell Transit Center Northwest Plano Park & Ride DART stations 12th Street (under construction) Downtown Parker Road Shiloh Road (under construction) Culture Plano Balloon Festival Media Plano Star-Courier Nature preserves Arbor Hills Oak Point Stadiums John Clark History Timeline 2017 shooting This list
1482-507: The same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
1521-500: The student body participating in athletics. The Girls' Varsity Basketball Team won the school's first TAPPS 6A State Championship in 2013 under the late head coach Mike Martin and its second under head coach John Griffin in 2022. The squad has been a state finalist six times, including in 2008, four years from 2011 to 2014, and 2020. The Boys Basketball Team has been to the State Tournament seven times (2011–2014, 2019–2021) and won
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