36-718: Aramoho is a settlement on the Whanganui River , in the Whanganui District and Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island . It is an outlying suburb of Whanganui . The settlement was established on the river in the 1860s, upstream from the European Wanganui settlement and the Māori Pūtiki settlement. A school was established in 1873. A rail bridge at Aramoho, on the Marton–New Plymouth line ,
72-610: A legal person . The Whanganui Treaty settlement brought the longest-running litigation in New Zealand history to an end. With a length of 290 kilometres (180 mi), the Whanganui is the country's third-longest river. Much of the land to either side of the upper reaches is part of the Whanganui National Park , though the river itself is not part of the park. The river rises on the northern slopes of Mount Tongariro , one of
108-470: A broadleaf and podocarp forest; understory species include crown fern ( Blechnum discolor ), and a variety of other ferns and shrubs. In 1892 Alexander Hatrick was contracted by Thomas Cook & Son to carry tourists to Pipiriki on the paddle-steamer PS Waimarie , the journey was "The Rhine of Maoriland " tourist route into the interior of New Zealand. The river boat subsequently carried mail, passengers and cargo. PS Waimarie operates on
144-546: A fertiliser plant and a medical centre. In the 1930s, the Duchess Theatre or Duck Theatre began showing films. It later became the Aramoho Plaza. The suburb expanded after World War II with a meatworks, a pickle factory, tea gardens, a fruit evaporating company, a zoo, and various hotels and boarding houses. Aramoho covers 3.65 km (1.41 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 4,380 as of June 2024, with
180-450: A legal person". He said some people would consider it strange, but it is "no stranger than family trusts, or companies, or incorporated societies." The bill finalised 140-year-old negotiations between Māori and the government. The river will be represented by two officials, one from Māori and the other from the government. Whanga nui is a phrase meaning "big bay" or "big harbour". Some very early maps show that European settlers called
216-678: A population density of 1,200 people per km. Aramoho had a population of 3,966 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 273 people (7.4%) since the 2013 census , and unchanged since the 2006 census . There were 1,587 households, comprising 1,899 males and 2,070 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.92 males per female, with 843 people (21.3%) aged under 15 years, 717 (18.1%) aged 15 to 29, 1,692 (42.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 714 (18.0%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 76.9% European/ Pākehā , 31.8% Māori , 3.6% Pacific peoples , 2.6% Asian , and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
252-572: A small field in front of a school house. Another photo of children at the school featured in the New Zealand Railways Magazine in 1937. A rose garden was planted near the school after World War I who commemorate locals who had died in the war. The garden later became a memorial to all pupils and teachers who had died in both world wars. In 1926, Kempthorne Prosser opened a drug and fertiliser factory in Aramoho. It has since been used as
288-515: A variety of invertebrates such as mayflies, stoneflies and caddis flies. Blue duck (whio) populations can be found at the junction of the Whanganui River and the Mangatepopo and Okupata streams. The Nankeen night heron established roosts along the Whanganui River in the 1990s and is breeding in New Zealand only in this location. Much of the flora in the river basin can be characterised as
324-516: Is located in Aramoho, across the road from Churton School. It is a tribal meeting ground of Ngāti Tupoho , and the Ngāti Rangi hapū of Ngāti Rangi-ki-tai . The marae occupies a section of Māori freehold land on the banks of the Whanganui River that was originally a summer fishing and food gathering place for the Ngāti Rangi people. A meeting house, called Te Puawaitanga, was built at the site in
360-423: Is of special and spiritual importance for Māori, who also refer to it as Te awa tupua . It was the home for a large proportion of Māori villages in pre-European times. As such, it is regarded as taonga , a special treasure. Local iwi first petitioned Parliament in the 1870s, and efforts have since been made to safeguard the river and give it the respect it deserves. For the same reason, the river has been one of
396-413: Is said that Taumarunui was the highest reach of the Whanganui River that was navigable by river boat. The river flow was managed by the "Wanganui River Trust Board" which built containing walls to direct and deepen the rivers channels for river traffic. Even so, river boats sometimes found it necessary to winch themselves up the more difficult rapids. The River Trust existed from 1891 to 1940. The flow of
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#1732883741283432-674: Is the radio station of Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi, Ngāti Hāua and Ngāti Hauiti . It began as Te Reo Irirangi O Whanganui 100FM on 17 June 1991. Between July 1992 and June 1993 it also operated a separate station in Ohakune, known as Te Reo Irirangi Ki Ruapehu or Nga Iwi FM, combining local programmes with shows from 100FM. It is available on 100.0 FM in Whanganui , 91.2 FM in Ruapehu , and 93.5 FM in Taumarunui . This article related to
468-574: The 1843 Wanganui earthquake . In the 1970s a minor eruption from Mount Ruapehu spilled some of the contents from the Ruapehu Crater Lake (the same root cause of the Tangiwai disaster ). This toxic water entered the Whanganui River and had the effect of killing much of the fish life downstream. In the aftermath of the poisoning, eels as large as 8.2 kilograms (18 lb) and trout as large as 2.3 kilograms (5.1 lb) were washed up dead along
504-602: The Matapuna Bridge of 1903-1904 near Taumarunui . Ng%C4%81ti Tupoho Whanganui Māori are the Māori iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes) of the Whanganui River area of New Zealand . They are also known as Ngāti Hau . One group of Whanganui Māori, Whanganui Iwi, includes Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi and other hapū who signed the Ruruku Whakatupua Treaty of Waitangi settlement in 2015. Awa FM
540-438: The 1970s. The blessing of the completed marae was photographed by Ans Westra in 1978. Homes and toilets were later added to the site. In 2019, the marae trust applied for Government funding to expand its meeting house so it would not need to put up tents for tangihanga and other special events. The marae marks the downstream end point for Tira Hoe Waka, an annual pilgrimage in which participants paddle waka between marae on
576-608: The 230-kilometre (140 mi) stretch between Whanganui and Taumarunui. The complete list of bridges in order from source to sea are: Whanganui – A bridge over the Whanganui to connect Raetihi to Taranaki was to be constructed in the Mangaparua area (where the Bridge to Nowhere ) is located, but this plan was never implemented. The oldest bridges over the river are rail bridges; the Aramoho Rail Bridge of 1876 in Whanganui and
612-626: The Hatrick boats, MV Wairua , has also been restored and can be seen on the river. During the early 20th century , the Wanganui River, as it was then called, was one of the country's top tourist attractions, its rugged beauty and the Māori kāinga (villages) that dotted the banks attracting thousands of tourists a year. With the completion of the North Island Main Trunk railway, the need for
648-461: The Whanganui River. Whanganui River The Whanganui River is a major river in the North Island of New Zealand . It is the country's third-longest river, and has special status owing to its importance to the region's Māori people . In March 2017 it became the world's second natural resource (after Te Urewera ) to be given its own legal identity, with the rights, duties and liabilities of
684-516: The banks of the river. The tributary Whakapapa River had fish losses due to a lahar from Ruapehu in April 1975. Possibly this had effects downstream. Māori legend explains the formation of the river in the Mount Taranaki legend . When Mount Taranaki left the central plateau for the coast, the land was split open, and the river filled the rift. Another Māori legend explains that after Māui caught
720-444: The giant fish that was to become the North Island of New Zealand, known as Te Ika-a-Māui, he prayed to Ranginui who then sent two tear drops to land on Māui's fish. These two tear drops then became the rivers Whanganui and Waikato . According to Māori tradition, the river was first explored by Tamatea, one of the leaders of the original migration to the new land, who travelled up the river and on to Lake Taupō . Many places along
756-483: The lower stretches of the river, including dinner cruises to Avoca Hotel at Upokongaro and trips to Hipango Park for overnight camping. On 18 June 2010 the Adventurer 2 river boat embarked, attempting to make the 230-kilometre (140 mi) voyage to Taumarunui . The first voyage to Taumarunui in 82 years. The Adventurer 2 now offers this trip to tourist as an historic alternative to jet boating and canoeing
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#1732883741283792-513: The most fiercely contested regions of the country in claims before the Waitangi Tribunal for the return of tribal lands. The Whanganui River claim is heralded as the longest-running legal case in New Zealand history with petitions and court action in the 1930s, Waitangi Tribunal hearings in the 1990s, the ongoing Tieke Marae land occupation since 1993, and the highly publicised Moutoa Gardens occupation in 1995. On 30 August 2012 agreement
828-426: The river are named in his honour. The Whanganui River was an important communication route to the central North Island, both for Māori and for settlers, despite many stretches of white water and over 200 rapids. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area around the Whanganui was densely inhabited and with the arrival of the colonial settlers, the area near the river's mouth became a major trading post. Although it
864-486: The river has been altered with the diversion of water from the headwaters by the Tongariro Power Scheme and into Lake Taupō . This may have been a contributing factor to the demise of the raft race and means river boats can no longer make the entire trip to Taumarunui during the drier months (see below). Despite being New Zealand's longest navigable river, the Whanganui has few bridges. Only two are located on
900-580: The river the Knowsley River , however it was known as the Wanganui River until its name was officially changed to Whanganui in 1991, respecting the wishes of local iwi. Part of the reason for this change was also to avoid confusion with the Wanganui River in the South Island . The city at the river's mouth was called Wanganui until December 2009, when the government decided that while either spelling
936-481: The river, calling it the Rhine of New Zealand . The settlement of Jerusalem is of particular note. Jerusalem was home to two famous New Zealanders, Mother Mary Joseph Aubert , whose Catholic mission is still located at Jerusalem, and New Zealand poet James K. Baxter , who established a commune at the settlement in 1970 . Other settlements are Tieke Kāinga , Pipiriki , Rānana , Matahiwi , and Koriniti . The river
972-648: The river. Though in low water flows it cannot make it all the way to Taumarunui. The Whanganui River was the supply artery for the early communities along its banks. River boats used to ply the river, and also into the Ohura River and Ongarue Rivers unless these routes were log jammed after floods. Between 1891 and 1958 the Alexander Hatrick Riverboat service operated on the Whanganui River. The paddle-steamer Wairere ordered from London and shipped in sections then assembled in Whanganui in late 1891. It
1008-514: The school was being managed before its closure. The Born and Raised Pasifika preschool was established on part of the Aramoho School site in 2003. The Holy Infancy School opened in Aramoho in 1889 to provide Catholic education, becoming known as Sister Rita's School for the sister who ran the school for 40 years. It was renamed St Joseph's School in 1966, became an intermediate school for girls in 1970, and finally closed in 1979. Te Ao Hou Marae
1044-506: The steamboat route to the north greatly diminished, and the main economic activity of the river area became forestry . During the 1930s , attempts were made to open the river valley up as farmland, but they were not successful. One legacy of that time is the Bridge to Nowhere , built to provide access to settlements long since abandoned. In 1912–13 the French filmmaker Gaston Méliès shot a (now lost) documentary film The River Wanganui about
1080-518: The three active volcanoes of the central plateau , close to Lake Rotoaira . It flows to the north-west before turning south-west at Taumarunui . From here it runs through the rough, bush-clad hill country of the King Country before turning south-east and flowing past the small settlements of Pipiriki and Jerusalem , before reaching the coast at the city of Whanganui . It is one of the country's longest navigable rivers. The river valley changed in
1116-559: Was 9.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.2% had no religion, 31.6% were Christian , 4.5% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.2% were Hindu , 0.2% were Muslim , 0.4% were Buddhist and 2.2% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 363 (11.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 849 (27.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 168 people (5.4%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
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1152-627: Was acceptable, Crown agencies would use the Whanganui spelling. See Controversy over Wanganui/Whanganui spelling Native fish species in the river include Cran's bully , upland bully , climbing galaxias (kōaro), longfin and short-finned eels , pouched lamprey , shortjaw kokopu , torrentfish , New Zealand smelt and black flounder. Introduced brown and rainbow trout are found, although not in high numbers, and there have been reports of catfish. Other native aquatic species include koura and declining numbers of New Zealand freshwater mussels . The river and its tributaries are home to
1188-426: Was already a significant route to the interior, the major development of the river as a trade route was by Alexander Hatrick , who started the first regular steam-boat service in 1892 . The service eventually ran to Taumarunui where rail and coach services connected with points north. One of Hatrick's original boats, paddle-steamer PS Waimarie , has been restored and runs scheduled sailings in Whanganui. Another of
1224-424: Was completed in 1877. In the early 20th century, families would travel up the river on a paddle steamer for an annual picnic at Hipango Park. Parents also raised money for a school pool, where generations of children learned to swim. The National Library of New Zealand holds a photograph of school students and staff from 1915, showing boys wearing shorts, long socks, ties and blazers, and girls wearing dresses, on
1260-535: Was reached that entitled the Whanganui River to a legal identity , a first in the world, and on 15 March 2017 the relevant settlement was passed into law (Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act 2017) by the New Zealand Parliament . Chris Finlayson , the Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations, said the river would have an identity "with all the corresponding rights, duties and liabilities of
1296-462: Was that 1,287 (41.2%) people were employed full-time, 441 (14.1%) were part-time, and 222 (7.1%) were unemployed. Churton School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 6 students, with a roll of 154 as of August 2024. The original Aramaho School was established in 1973 and closed in 2016 due to an ageing local population and the growth of kohanga reo and other schools. The Education Review Office had raised several concerns about how
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