In animation and filmmaking , a key frame (or keyframe ) is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of a smooth transition . These are called frames because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film or on a digital video editing timeline. A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with " inbetweens ".
21-420: The Apple Loops Utility software was a small companion utility for Soundtrack Pro , GarageBand , Logic Express , and Logic Pro , all made by Apple Inc. that allowed users to create loops of audio that could be time-stretched . Audio files converted to Apple Loops via Apple Loops Utility could also be tagged with their publishing (Author, Comments tagged at the same time, a process known but it would convert
42-529: A collection of just over 5,000 royalty free professional instrument loops and sound effects for use. The software was featured in the Logic Studio and Final Cut Studio software bundles; It was discontinued with the release of Final Cut Pro X, Motion 5 , and Compressor 4. An earlier incarnation of the package, Soundtrack , was first sold as part of Apple's Final Cut Pro 4 video editor, released in April 2003. It
63-454: A key frame could be set to indicate the point at which audio will have faded up or down to a certain level. In video compression , a key frame, also known as an intra-frame , is a frame in which a complete image is stored in the data stream. In video compression, only changes that occur from one frame to the next are stored in the data stream, in order to greatly reduce the amount of information that must be stored. This technique capitalizes on
84-595: A release history in context with the rest of Final Cut Studio . Soundtrack Pro was introduced on April 17, 2005 as a stand-alone product and as part of the Final Cut Studio suite, where it integrates with Final Cut Pro. Soundtrack (non-Pro) was removed from Final Cut Pro. There was also an upgrade package for users of Soundtrack. As of January 10, 2006, the stand-alone product has been dropped again. Soundtrack Pro adds features for professional audio engineers and sound designers , and focuses more on sound editing than
105-436: Is a light. In 3D graphics, lights function similarly to real-world lights. They cause illumination, cast shadows, and create specular highlights. Lights have many parameters, including light intensity, beam size, light color, and the texture cast by the light. Supposing that an animator wants the beam size to change smoothly from one value to another within a predefined period of time, that could be achieved by using key frames. At
126-494: Is beneficial to include key frames at arbitrary intervals while encoding video. For example, a key frame may be output once for each 10 seconds of video, even though the video image does not change enough visually to warrant the automatic creation of the key frame. That would allow seeking within the video stream at a minimum of 10-second intervals. The downside is that the resulting video stream will be larger in disk size because many key frames are added when they are not necessary for
147-587: Is designed to be used in combination with Final Cut Pro, both of which are included in the Final Cut Studio box set. It supports a 'roundtrip' workflow, in which Final Cut Pro sequences can be exported as small reference files that include scoring markers. These reference files are then dragged from Soundtrack Pro's Browser tab to the video pane. The video track includes thumbnails of the video at each scoring marker (not where there were scene breaks in Final Cut). Once
168-425: Is where the royalty-free instrument loops and sound effects can be arranged in synchronisation with the video track, and where narration or other external audio sources can be recorded. There are both single and multi-take recording features. As with all of Apple's loop arranging software, the project's master key and tempo can be set, and all of the loops will automatically be played at those settings, regardless of
189-423: The amplitude can be altered for a selection, noise can be removed and silence, waveforms and ambient noise can be inserted. There is also a selection history tool that cycles between previous selections. After zooming in on the individual samples in the audio waveform, the pen tool can be used to edit the wave directly. There is a time-stretch tool for changing the speed of a clip, or a part thereof. Sound editing in
210-587: The application is based on actions. The actions performed on a clip, such as reversing it, inverting it or normalizing it, are listed on the left-hand side, where they can be reviewed, disabled, reverted or re-ordered. Unchecking the check box for one action removes its effect (and the waveform changes animatedly to reflect the change). Moving the purple tag upwards cycles back through the actions history. The program also features AppleScript automation and batch processing, for which it also provides actions for Mac OS X v10.4 's Automator application. Soundtrack Pro
231-426: The essential tagging information could be retained on an Intel Mac. Version 3.0.1, the last one released, fully supported Intel Macs up to macOS Sierra 10.12.6. This Classic Mac OS and/or macOS software –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Apple Soundtrack Soundtrack Pro is a discontinued music composing and audio editing application made by Apple Inc. It included
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#1732887578895252-403: The fact that most video sources (such as a typical movie) have only small changes in the image from one frame to the next. Whenever a drastic change to the image occurs, such as when switching from one camera shot to another or at a scene change, a key frame must be created. The entire image for the frame must be output when the visual difference between the two frames is so great that representing
273-407: The key and tempo at which they were originally recorded. At the same time, the key and tempo for the whole project can be varied over time with the master envelopes. Envelopes are a sequence of keyframes that can be applied to audio parameters. Each individual track has envelopes for volume and pan by default. Adding keyframes to these envelopes (effectively lines that run beneath each track) allows
294-597: The latter to AIFF when saved with tagging information). The most recent version available without purchasing the aforementioned software was 3.0.1, which was available from Apple's Developer Web site. Version 1.4, which was the first version of the software, was available with Logic Pro or Express 7.2. It allowed multiple files to have multiple tags added to them, and it also allowed content merging to occur with Logic Audio Express. Only version 1.4 and beyond worked natively with Intel Macs. Version 1.3.1 appeared to allow edits to be made and file information to be saved, but none of
315-428: The new image incrementally from the previous frame would require more data than recreating the whole image. Because video compression only stores incremental changes between frames (except for key frames), it is not possible to fast-forward or rewind to any arbitrary spot in the video stream. That is because the data for a given frame only represents how that frame was different from the preceding one. For that reason, it
336-524: The original Soundtrack. Since September 2007 Soundtrack Pro also comes as part of the Logic Studio bundle, Apple's own audio and midi sequencing software. But it was removed from Logic Studio when Logic Pro was moved to the App Store on December 8, 2011. Soundtrack Pro 2 is included in Final Cut Studio 2 (2008). Soundtrack Pro 3 is included in Final Cut Studio (2009). Soundtrack Pro has two main modes: multitrack mode and editing mode. Multitrack mode
357-495: The parameters to be varied over time. Each track can also have filters and effects applied to it; these could be Audio Units or Logic Pro plug-ins - examples of those included are Compressor, Multipressor, Flanger, Space Designer and Ringshifter. Every parameter of these effects can also be automated (that is, changed over time). In addition, there is a mixer interface. Using the 'touch' or 'latch' modes, changes to volume, pan and effects parameters can be recorded in real time as
378-430: The project plays. Soundtrack Pro also supports external hardware mixers, or control surfaces. The audio-editing mode is where individual clips can be edited. The waveform , as well as a frequency spectrum , can be viewed for the clip. The audio can be analyzed for common audio problems such as clicks and pops, power line hum and clipped signals, and then any discovered problems can be fixed. Audio can be faded in and out,
399-731: The soundtrack is finished, it is exported as a mix (i.e. all the tracks are flattened together) and can then be imported into Final Cut. If the soundtrack needs to be changed, the Soundtrack Pro project file can be re-opened at any time, but the changes will only show up in Final Cut when the mix has been re-exported (to the same file). The program also allows multitrack projects to be exported directly with Compressor settings. Keyframe In software packages that support animation, especially 3D graphics, there are many parameters that can be changed for any one object. One example of such an object
420-400: The start of the animation, a beam size value is set. Another value is set for the end of the animation. Thus, the software program automatically interpolates the two values, creating a smooth transition. In non-linear digital video editing , as well as in video compositing software, a key frame is a frame used to indicate the beginning or end of a change made to a parameter. For example,
441-466: Was then released as a stand-alone product, but due to low demand it was discontinued. The main concept of Soundtrack was to allow people who are not professional composers to produce original music for their videos or DVDs , royalty-free. The music could be easily scored to QuickTime movies and Final Cut Pro projects. Soundtrack was reinstated in January 2005 as part of Final Cut Express HD . Also see
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