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72-472: Apple Jacks is an American brand of breakfast cereal that is produced by both successors to the original Kellogg's — WK Kellogg Co in the United States, Canadian, and Caribbean markets and Kellanova in the rest of the world. It was introduced to the U.S. as "Apple O's" in 1965 after being invented by college intern William Thilly. In 1971 the name "Apple Jacks" was put into action by advertisers. The product

144-541: A cartoon mascot and may contain a toy or prize . Between 1970 and 1998, the number of different types of breakfast cereals in the U.S. more than doubled, from about 160 to around 340; as of 2012 , there were roughly 5,000 different types (estimate based on the mass customization of online shopping ). In this highly competitive market, cereal companies have developed an ever-increasing number of varieties and flavors (some are flavored like dessert or candy ). Although many plain wheat-, oat- and corn-based cereals exist,

216-558: A German immigrant , began the cereals revolution in 1854 with a hand oats grinder in the back room of a small store in Akron, Ohio . His German Mills American Oatmeal Company was the nation's first commercial oatmeal manufacturer. He marketed the product locally as a substitute for breakfast pork. Improved production technology (steel cutters, porcelain rollers, improved hullers), combined with an influx of German and Irish immigrants, quickly boosted sales and profits. In 1877, Schumacher adopted

288-655: A center both of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and of innovation in the ready-to-eat cereal industry, and indeed, the church had a substantial impact on the development of cereal goods through the person of John Harvey Kellogg (1851–1943). Son of an Adventist factory owner in Battle Creek, Kellogg was encouraged by his church to train in medicine at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City in 1875. After graduating, he became medical superintendent at

360-412: A cure for the common cold while England references the dish to the royal family and their traditions. Common hot cereals in parts of Canada include oatmeal , Cream of Wheat (and Cream of Rice) and Red River cereal . These hot cereals are typically served with maple syrup or brown sugar and milk or cream. Yogurt is also added to Red River cereal. Many Canadians also enjoy cereals similar to those in

432-589: A few months. More recently, Apple Jacks has introduced New Apple Jacks "Crashers" – a unique cereal piece that replicates a mid-2007 advertising campaign when mascots Apple and CinnaMon were accidentally fused together. The latest (limited) edition, in 2010, are Apple Clones, with red pieces shaped like apples. In 2001, Apple Jacks was brought to Canada in a Limited Edition box. Apple Jacks were later released in Australia and can be found at Woolworths Supermarkets and Aldi, alongside Kellogg's Australia's Apple Jacks LCMs,

504-1318: A grain or mixture of grains usually taking place in a facility remote from the location where the product is eaten. This distinguishes "breakfast cereals" from foods made from grains modified and cooked in the place where they are eaten. Breakfast cereals may be fortified with dietary minerals and vitamins . For example, breakfast cereal in Canada may be fortified with specific micronutrient amounts per 100 grams of cereal, including thiamin , (2.0 mg), niacin (4.8 mg), and vitamin B6 (0.6 mg), among others. Breakfast cereal companies make gluten-free cereals which are free of any gluten -containing grains. These cereals are targeted for consumers who suffer from gluten-related disorders , such as celiac disease , non-celiac gluten sensitivity and wheat allergy , among others. Some companies that produce gluten-free cereals include Kellogg's , General Mills , Nature's Path and Arrowhead Mills . Most warm cereals can be classified as porridges , in that they consist of cereal grains which are soaked in hot water, cooked and/or boiled to soften them and make them palatable. Sweeteners, such as brown sugar , honey, or maple syrup, are often added either by

576-535: A great many other varieties are highly sweetened, and some brands include freeze-dried fruit as a sweet element. The breakfast cereal industry has gross profit margins of 40–45%, In 2009, market researchers expected the market to grow at a CAGR of 7.4% (in the next 5 years); it has had steady and continued growth throughout its history. Cereal grains, namely porridge (and especially oatmeal ), became an important breakfast component in North America. Barley

648-447: A hermetic bottling technique that would preserve food for French troops which ultimately contributed to the development of tinning, and subsequently canning by Peter Durand in 1810. Although initially expensive and somewhat hazardous due to the lead used in cans, canned goods would later become a staple around the world. Pasteurization , discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1864, improved the quality and safety of preserved foods and introduced

720-490: A large profit potential exists for the manufacturers and suppliers of processed food products. Individuals may see a benefit in convenience , but rarely see any direct financial cost benefit in using processed food as compared to home preparation. Processed food freed people from the large amount of time involved in preparing and cooking "natural" unprocessed foods. The increase in free time allows people much more choice in life style than previously allowed. In many families

792-511: A multimillion-dollar fortune for Post in a few years. After his death, his company acquired the Jell-O company in 1925, Baker's Chocolate in 1927, Maxwell House coffee in 1928, and Birdseye frozen foods in 1929. In 1929, the company changed its name to General Foods . In 1985, Philip Morris Tobacco Company bought General Foods for $ 5.6 billion (equivalent to $ 15.9 billion today) and merged it with its Kraft division. Because of Kellogg and Post ,

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864-585: A price war. After a fire at his mill in Akron, Schumacher joined Stuart and Crowell to form the Consolidated Oatmeal Company. The American Cereal Company ( Quaker Oats , but see below) created a cereal made from oats in 1877, manufacturing the product in Akron, Ohio. Separately, in 1888, a trust or holding company combined the nation's seven largest mills into the American Cereal Company using

936-410: A product called Granula (similar to Grape Nuts ) to the recognizable modern form involving at a minimum: sweetened toasted oats, but also possibly: dried fruit, puffed rice, nuts or chocolate. Over 2016 to 2017, Americans purchased 3.1 billion boxes of cereal, mostly as ready to eat cold cereal. In a $ 9.8 billion cereal market, cold cereal purchases were 88% of the total (12% for hot cereals), with

1008-423: A puffed rice snack bar with marshmallow flavour and Apple Jacks flavoured sprinkles. The first Apple Jacks mascot in the 1960s was "Apple Jack", a figure made from cutting a mouth onto an apple and applying a hat and pieces of cereal for eyes. Television advertisements featuring Apple Jack had the tagline “A bowl a day keeps the bullies away!”, but was later altered to “A bowl a day gives you energy to play!”. In

1080-421: A special machine. According to the label on the box, in 2010, each 28 gram serving had 100 calories , three grams of dietary fiber , and 12 grams of sugar. In 2013, Kellogg's Apple Jacks introduced a new multi-grain cereal called "Cinnamon Jacks", with the cinnamon stick, CinnaMon, as its sole mascot. The cereal is flavored with brown sugar and cinnamon. Breakfast cereal Breakfast cereal

1152-452: A study published in " Food & Nutrition Research " in 2010, meaning more of their food energy content is retained within the body. Processed foods also tend to be more allergenic than whole foods, according to a June 2004 "Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology" article. Although the preservatives and other food additives used in many processed foods are generally recognized as safe,

1224-619: A study published in " The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition " in December 2007. Foods that have undergone processing, including some commercial baked goods, desserts, margarine, frozen pizza, microwave popcorn and coffee creamers, sometimes contain trans fats . This is the most unhealthy type of fat, and may increase risk for high cholesterol, heart disease and stroke. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends keeping trans fat intake as low as possible. Processed foods may actually take less energy to digest than whole foods, according to

1296-477: Is a category of food, including food products, made from processed cereal grains that are eaten as part of breakfast , or as a snack food , primarily in Western societies . Although warm, cooked cereals like oat meal , corn grits , and wheat farina have the longest history as traditional breakfast foods, branded and ready-to-eat cold cereals (many produced via the process of extrusion ) appeared around

1368-457: Is a porridge used in a variety of meals eaten throughout the day. In the Afrikaans culture of descendants of Dutch farmers and French Huguenots , it is usually sprinkled with sugar and then eaten with milk; it can be made to a very stiff consistency so that it forms—what could be described as—a softish lumpy crumble (called krummel-pap ) or a more creamy porridge consistency (called slap-pap ). It

1440-424: Is associated with less risk of being overweight or obese and high-fiber breakfast cereals are associated with a lower risk of diabetes . All images show the final preparation of the named (or described) cereal in a bowl with cow's milk and a spoon, unless stated otherwise. Food processing The Nova classification groups food according to different food processing techniques. Primary food processing

1512-496: Is described by Kellogg's as a "crunchy, sweetened multi-grain cereal with apple and cinnamon." Apple Jacks is one of the top four cereal brands marketed within stores and is most heavily marketed on Kellogg's internet platform. Originally, the Apple Jacks were only orange and O-shaped, until 1998 when the green O-shapes were added to the cereals. In a marketing promotion in December 2003, the green pieces changed their shape to X's for

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1584-406: Is found throughout much of Eastern Europe including Croatia , with analogous dishes existing in many wealthier, Westernized cuisines of Central Europe , such as Poland and Slovakia , where they are associated primarily with lower socioeconomic status. Russia does not value breakfast cereals as much as other places. Most instances of cereal consumption is due to the desire for weight loss. Pap

1656-406: Is generally made from maize ("mielie") meal and is sold under various brand names. Taystee Wheat is made into a creamy wheat-based porridge. Porridge brands unique to South Africa include Jungle Oats and Bokomo Maltabella (made from malted sorghum ). In other parts of Africa it is known as ugali , bota , and banku or "makkau". Scotland is famous for its consumption of oats. In Northern Ireland,

1728-518: Is made at home, in a small bakery, or in a large factory, is an example of secondary food processing. Fermenting fish and making wine , beer , and other alcoholic products are traditional forms of secondary food processing. Sausages are a common form of secondary processed meat, formed by comminution (grinding) of meat that has already undergone primary processing. Most of the secondary food processing methods known to humankind are commonly described as cooking methods . Tertiary food processing

1800-1110: Is necessary to make most foods edible while secondary food processing turns ingredients into familiar foods, such as bread . Tertiary food processing results in ultra-processed foods and has been widely criticized for promoting overnutrition and obesity , containing too much sugar and salt , too little fiber , and otherwise being unhealthful in respect to dietary needs of humans and farm animals. Primary food processing turns agricultural products, such as raw wheat kernels or livestock, into something that can eventually be eaten. This category includes ingredients that are produced by ancient processes such as drying , threshing , winnowing and milling grain, shelling nuts , and butchering animals for meat. It also includes deboning and cutting meat, freezing and smoking fish and meat, extracting and filtering oils, canning food, preserving food through food irradiation , and candling eggs , as well as homogenizing and pasteurizing milk . Contamination and spoilage problems in primary food processing can lead to significant public health threats, as

1872-655: Is not necessary to limit the sugars found naturally in whole, unprocessed foods like fresh fruit, eating too much added sugar found in many processed foods increases the risk of heart disease, obesity, cavities and Type 2 diabetes. The American Heart Association recommends women limit added sugars to no more than 420 kilojoules (100 kilocalories), or 25 grams, and men limit added sugars to no more than 650 kJ (155 kcal), or about 38.75 grams, per day. Currently, Americans consume an average of 1,490 kJ (355 kcal) from added sugars each day. Processing foods often involves nutrient losses, which can make it harder to meet

1944-521: Is often served to young children. The cereal production in Greece has recently declined. Oatmeal is a common breakfast in Ireland. Oatmeal and porridge have been consumed in Ireland since the 19th century. In Russia , a breakfast is kasha , a porridge of buckwheat ( Russian : гречка , romanized :  grechka ), farina ( Russian : манка , romanized :  manka ), or other grains. Kasha

2016-439: Is only truly possible on a wide scale because of food processing. Transportation of more exotic foods, as well as the elimination of much hard labor gives the modern eater easy access to a wide variety of food unimaginable to their ancestors. The act of processing can often improve the taste of food significantly. Mass production of food is much cheaper overall than individual production of meals from raw ingredients. Therefore,

2088-468: Is the commercial production of what is commonly called processed food . These are ready-to-eat or heat-and-serve foods, such as frozen meals and re-heated airline meals . Food processing dates back to the prehistoric ages when crude processing incorporated fermenting, sun drying, preserving with salt , and various types of cooking (such as roasting, smoking, steaming, and oven baking), Such basic food processing involved chemical enzymatic changes to

2160-544: The 1904 World Fair , with raw grains shot with hot compressed air from tubes, popping up to many times their size. They were marketed as a revolution in food science. In the 1920s, national advertising in magazines and radio broadcasts played a key role in the emergence of the fourth big cereal manufacturer, General Mills . In 1921, James Ford Bell , president of a Minneapolis wheat milling firm, began experimenting with rolled wheat flakes. After tempering, steaming, cracking wheat, and processing it with syrup, sugar, and salt, it

2232-660: The Western Health Reform Institute in Battle Creek, established in 1866 by the Adventists to offer their natural remedies for illness. Many wealthy industrialists came to Kellogg's sanitarium for recuperation and rejuvenation. In Battle Creek sanitarium guests found fresh air, exercise, rest, hydrotherapy , a strict vegetarian diet, and abstinence from alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and tea. (They were accustomed to breakfasts of ham, eggs, sausages, fried potatoes, hot biscuits, hotcakes (pancakes), and coffee.) To supplement

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2304-507: The "Breakfast of Champions" slogan. By 1941 Wheaties had won 12% percent of the cereal market. Experiments with the puffing process produced Kix , a puffed corn cereal, and Cheerios , a puffed oats cereal. Further product innovation and diversification brought total General Mills sales to over $ 500 million annually (18% in packaged foods) by the early 1950s. In 1944 General Foods launched a marketing campaign for Grape Nuts, focusing on nutritional importance of breakfast. After World War II ,

2376-502: The 20th century, automatic appliances like microwave oven , blender , and rotimatic paved way for convenience cooking . In western Europe and North America, the second half of the 20th century witnessed a rise in the pursuit of convenience. Food processing companies marketed their products especially towards middle-class working wives and mothers. Frozen foods (often credited to Clarence Birdseye ) found their success in sales of juice concentrates and " TV dinners ". Processors utilised

2448-616: The Hillside which was later replaced by the Jackson Sanatorium in Dansville, New York . The cereal never became popular, due to the inconvenient necessity of tenderizing the heavy bran and graham nuggets by soaking them overnight. George H. Hoyt created Wheatena circa 1879, during an era when retailers would typically buy cereal (the most popular being cracked wheat , oatmeal , and cerealine ) in barrel lots, and scoop it out to sell by

2520-653: The Quaker Oats brand name. By 1900, technology, entrepreneurship, and the "Man in Quaker Garb"—a symbol of plain honesty and reliability—gave Quaker Oats a national market and annual sales of $ 10 million (equivalent to $ 370 million today). Early in the 20th century, the Quaker Oats Company (formed in 1901 to replace the American Cereal Company) ventured into the world market. Schumacher, the innovator; Stuart,

2592-654: The Quaker symbol, the first registered trademark for a breakfast cereal. The acceptance of " horse food" for human consumption encouraged other entrepreneurs to enter the industry. Henry Parsons Crowell started operations in 1882, and John Robert Stuart in 1885. Crowell cut costs by consolidating every step of the processing—grading, cleaning, hulling, cutting, rolling, packaging, and shipping—in one factory operating at Ravenna, Ohio . Stuart operated mills in Chicago and Cedar Rapids, Iowa . Stuart and Crowell combined in 1885 and initiated

2664-455: The United States market. In China, porridges such as rice congee , or those made with other ingredients (including corn meal or millet) are often eaten for breakfast. Eating breakfast cereal has become more important in China and specifically Hong Kong due to the increase of work and decrease in time. In Greece, cornmeal is poured into boiling milk to create a cereal of a thick consistency which

2736-475: The United States, cereals are often fortified with vitamins , but can still lack many of the vitamins needed for a healthful breakfast, and so initial marketing focused on making the new products "part of a complete breakfast". A significant proportion of packaged cereals have a high sugar content ("sugar cereals" or even "kids' cereals" in common parlance). These cereals are frequently marketed toward children (in television ads, comic books, etc.) and often feature

2808-536: The acquisition of Aunt Jemima Mills Company in 1926, which continues as a leading brand of pancake mixes and syrup, the sport drink Gatorade in 1983, and in 1986, the Golden Grain Company, producers of Rice-A-Roni canned lunch food. In 2001 Quaker Oats was itself bought out by PepsiCo . The first cold breakfast cereal, Granula (not to be confused with granola ), was invented in the United States in 1863 by James Caleb Jackson , operator of Our Home on

2880-628: The adults are working away from home and therefore there is little time for the preparation of food based on fresh ingredients. The food industry offers products that fulfill many different needs: e.g. fully prepared ready meals that can be heated up in the microwave oven within a few minutes. Modern food processing also improves the quality of life for people with allergies, diabetics , and other people who cannot consume some common food elements. Food processing can also add extra nutrients such as vitamins . Processing of food can decrease its nutritional density. The amount of nutrients lost depends on

2952-514: The apple's attempts to stop him. Bad Apple's antagonistic nature was later dropped due to complaints from non-profit health food organizations such as Center for Science in the Public Interest over the campaign discouraging children from eating fruit by antagonizing the Apple character, leading to Apple and CinnaMon being portrayed as highly competitive friends, both getting into the bowl. The campaign

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3024-581: The basic structure of food in its natural form, as well served to build a barrier against surface microbial activity that caused rapid decay. Salt-preservation was especially common for foods that constituted warrior and sailors' diets until the introduction of canning methods . Evidence for the existence of these methods can be found in the writings of the ancient Greek , Chaldean , Egyptian and Roman civilizations as well as archaeological evidence from Europe , North and South America and Asia. These tried and tested processing techniques remained essentially

3096-427: The big breakfast cereal companies—now including General Mills , who entered the market in 1924 with Wheaties —increasingly started to target children. The flour was refined to remove fiber, which at the time was considered to undermine digestion and absorption of nutrients, and sugar was added to improve the flavor for children. The new breakfast cereals began to look starkly different from their ancestors. Ranger Joe,

3168-438: The body's needs if these nutrients are not added back through fortification or enrichment. For example, using high heat during processing can cause vitamin C losses. Another example is refined grains, which have less fiber, vitamins and minerals than whole grains. Eating refined grains, such as those found in many processed foods, instead of whole grains may increase the risk for high cholesterol , diabetes and obesity, according to

3240-518: The center's vegetarian regimen, Kellogg experimented with granola. Soon afterwards he began to experiment with wheat, resulting in a lighter, flakier product. In 1891 he acquired a patent and then in 1895 he launched the Cornflakes brand, which overnight captured a national market. Soon there were forty rival manufacturers in the Battle Creek area. His brother William K. Kellogg (1860–1951) worked for him for many years until, in 1906, he broke away, bought

3312-430: The cereal usually by just saying, "We just do", and at the end of the commercial, would pose for a group Polaroid . As of 2004, the marketing mascots were a carefree Jamaican cinnamon stick named CinnaMon and an accident-prone apple named Bad Apple. Labeled as Apple Jacks Adventures in print advertising, the commercials focused on CinnaMon upstaging Bad Apple by reaching a bowl of Apple Jacks before he can, in spite of

3384-522: The city of Battle Creek, Michigan , is nicknamed the "Cereal Capital of the World". Muesli is a breakfast cereal based on uncooked rolled oats , fruit, and nuts. It was developed around 1900 by the Swiss physician Maximilian Bircher-Benner for patients in his hospital. It is available in a packaged dry form such as Alpen or Familia Swiss Müesli, or it can be made fresh. In 1902, Force wheat flakes became

3456-540: The company White's has been milling oats in Tandragee since 1841. England has incorporated porridge in their culture for centuries. Many of the different types of porridge were made specially for the royal family including a type of porridge called "pea porridge". This specific dish was made for King Richard II. Consumption of breakfast cereal is under preliminary research for the potential to improve nutrition and affect chronic diseases. Regular breakfast cereal consumption

3528-614: The first pre-sweetened breakfast cereal of sugar-coated puffed wheat or rice, was introduced in the US in 1939. Kellogg's Sugar Smacks , created in 1953, had 56% sugar by weight. Different mascots were introduced, such as the Rice Krispies elves and later pop icons like Tony the Tiger and the Trix Rabbit . In the 1960s, the modern version of granola was invented and popularized. It evolved from

3600-567: The first ready-to-eat breakfast cereal introduced into the United Kingdom . The cereal, and the Sunny Jim character, achieved wide success in Britain, at its peak in 1930 selling 12.5 million packages in one year. Kellogg began the breakfast cereal marketing and introduced the first in-box prize in the early 1900s. Quaker Oats entered the market with Puffed Rice and Wheat Berries it had introduced at

3672-490: The food and processing method. For example, heat destroys vitamin C . Therefore, canned fruits possess less vitamin C than their fresh alternatives. The USDA conducted a study of nutrient retention in 2004, creating a table of foods, levels of preparation, and nutrition. New research highlighting the importance to human health of a rich microbial environment in the intestine indicates that abundant food processing (not fermentation of foods) endangers that environment. One of

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3744-485: The growing recognition of children's influence on family purchases. The commercials took place in normal kid hang-outs, such as: at school, the garage, ballet class, and the kitchen, in the hall/hallway/door jamb, among others. In each commercial, a group of children are having Apple Jacks, when suddenly, some other people, such as adults or jealous kids, bash the group claiming it does not taste like apples and asks why they love it so much. The group then explains their love of

3816-401: The late 1800s. While there, he grew deeply impressed with their all-grain diet. Upon his release, he began experimenting with grain products, beginning with an all-grain coffee substitute called Postum. In 1897 (or 1898) he introduced Grape-nuts , the concentrated cereal with a nutty flavor (containing neither grapes nor nuts). Good business sense, determination, and powerful advertising produced

3888-404: The late 1960s the box depicted an "Apple Car" with pieces of cereal for wheels. Around 1971, the official mascots became "The Apple Jacks Kids", a simplistically drawn animated boy and girl. The commercials featured the children singing and tumbling around all day. Their reign lasted for 21 years, making them the most well-known Apple Jacks mascots and most universally associated with the cereal in

3960-475: The late 19th century. These processed, precooked, packaged cereals are most often served in a quick and simple preparation with dairy products , traditionally cow's milk . These modern cereals can also be paired with yoghurt or plant-based milks , or eaten plain. Fruit or nuts are sometimes added, and may enhance the nutritional benefits. Some companies promote their products for the health benefits that come from eating oat-based and high- fiber cereals. In

4032-472: The main sources for sodium in the diet is processed foods. Sodium, mostly in the form of sodium chloride , i.e. salt, is added to prevent spoilage, add flavor and enhance the texture of these foods. Americans consume an average of 3436 milligrams of sodium per day, which is higher than the recommended limit of 2300 milligrams per day for healthy people, and more than twice the limit of 1500 milligrams per day for those at increased risk for heart disease. While it

4104-415: The manager and financial leader; and Crowell, the creative merchandiser, advertiser, and promoter, doubled sales every decade. Alexander P. Anderson 's steam-pressure method of shooting rice from guns created puffed rice and puffed wheat . Crowell's intensive advertising campaign in the 1920s and 1930s featured promotions with such celebrities as Babe Ruth , Max Baer , and Shirley Temple . Sponsorship of

4176-546: The manufacturer, during cooking, or before eating. Porridge is especially popular in Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England. Porridge became important in Scotland due to the freezing winters. The Scottish people prefer porridge to be made with only water and salt while other prefer creamier substances to be added. Wales had a perfect climate for cultivating oats making porridge common in Welsh households. Ireland mixes porridge with whiskey as

4248-526: The northern states. Food reformers in the 19th century called for cutting back on excessive meat consumption at breakfast. They explored numerous vegetarian alternatives. Late in the century, the Seventh-day Adventists based in Michigan made these food reforms part of their religion, and non-meat breakfasts were featured in their sanitariums and led to new breakfast cereals. Ferdinand Schumacher ,

4320-406: The overall cereal market declining due to reduced consumption of sugar and dairy products . Kellogg's and General Mills each had 30% of the market share for cold cereals. Honey Nut Cheerios was the leading cold cereal. The processing of grains helps to separate the bran and cereal germ , but may remove nutrients, such as B vitamins and dietary fiber. Processing is the modification of

4392-781: The perceived value of time to appeal to the postwar population, and this same appeal contributes to the success of convenience foods today. Benefits of food processing include toxin removal, preservation, easing marketing and distribution tasks, and increasing food consistency. In addition, it increases yearly availability of many foods, enables transportation of delicate perishable foods across long distances and makes many kinds of foods safe to eat by de-activating spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms. Modern supermarkets would not exist without modern food processing techniques, and long voyages would not be possible. Processed foods are usually less susceptible to early spoilage than fresh foods and are better suited for long-distance transportation from

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4464-517: The popular Rin-Tin-Tin and Sergeant Preston of the Yukon radio shows aided the company's expansion during the depression. Meat rationing during World War II boosted annual sales to $ 90 million (equivalent to $ 1.5 billion today), and by 1956 sales topped $ 277 million ($ 3.1 billion today). By 1964 the firm sold over 200 products, grossed over $ 500 million ($ 4.9 billion today), and claimed that eight million people ate Quaker Oats each day. Expansion included

4536-401: The pound to customers. Hoyt, who had found a distinctive process of preparing wheat for cereal, sold his cereal in boxes, offering consumers a more sanitary and consumer-friendly option. Packaged breakfast cereals were considerably more convenient than a product that had to be cooked, and as a result of this convenience (and clever marketing), they became popular. Battle Creek, Michigan , was

4608-487: The public's memory. During this time, the Apple Jacks jingle became an integral part of the ad campaign: "A is for apple, J is for Jacks, Cinnamon-toasty Apple Jacks!" This campaign was retired in 1992. Starting in 1992, there was an advertising campaign that featured children expressing their enjoyment of Apple Jacks, regardless of its lack of apple flavor. The slogan for this campaign became "We eat what we like". The shift toward marketing cereals directly at children signaled

4680-496: The resulting foods are used so widely. However, many forms of processing contribute to improved food safety and longer shelf life before the food spoils. Commercial food processing uses control systems such as hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to reduce the risk of harm. Secondary food processing is the everyday process of creating food from ingredients that are ready to use. Baking bread , regardless of whether it

4752-476: The rights to Cornflakes, and set up the Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company. William Kellogg discarded the health food concept, opting for heavy advertising and commercial taste appeal. Later, his signature on every package became the company trademark. The second major innovator in the cereal industry was Charles W. Post , a salesman who was admitted to Kellogg's sanitarium as a patient in

4824-515: The same until the advent of the Industrial Revolution . Examples of ready-meals also date back to before the preindustrial revolution, and include dishes such as Cornish pasty and Haggis . Both during ancient times and today in modern society these are considered processed foods. Modern food processing technology developed in the 19th and 20th centuries was developed in a large part to serve military needs. In 1809, Nicolas Appert invented

4896-491: The source to the consumer . When they were first introduced, some processed foods helped to alleviate food shortages and improved the overall nutrition of populations as it made many new foods available to the masses. Processing can also reduce the incidence of food-borne disease. Fresh materials, such as fresh produce and raw meats, are more likely to harbour pathogenic micro-organisms (e.g. Salmonella) capable of causing serious illnesses. The extremely varied modern diet

4968-558: The wine, beer, and milk preservation. In the 20th century, World War II , the space race and the rising consumer society in developed countries contributed to the growth of food processing with such advances as spray drying , evaporation , juice concentrates, freeze drying and the introduction of artificial sweeteners, colouring agents, and such preservatives as sodium benzoate . In the late 20th century, products such as dried instant soups, reconstituted fruits and juices, and self cooking meals such as MRE food ration were developed. By

5040-468: Was a commonly used grain, though other grains and yellow peas could be used. In many modern cultures, porridge is still eaten as a breakfast dish. Native Americans had found a way to make ground corn palatable, later called grits (from the Old English word grēot , meaning "gravel"). Hominy was another preparation. While this became a staple in the southern U.S., grits never gained popularity in

5112-596: Was prepared in a pressure cooker for rolling and then dried in an electric oven. By 1925, Wheaties had become the "Breakfast of Champions". In 1928, four milling companies consolidated as the General Mills Company in Minneapolis. The new firm expanded packaged food sales with heavy advertising, including sponsorship of radio programs such as " Skippy ", " Jack Armstrong, The All-American Boy ", and baseball games. Jack Dempsey , Johnny Weissmuller , and others verified

5184-410: Was slated to be retired in 2007, and replaced by a retread of the 1990s campaign focused on children, but fan response to Apple and CinnaMon helped them remain as the mascots. In 2007, Apple and CinnaMon were fused together with CinnaMon sticking through the center of Apple with both of their legs at the bottom of their body. They remained this way for a few of the commercials until they became unstuck by

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