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56-667: Until 1535, the lands of Anzoátegui State had not been explored by Europeans. They were inhabited by various indigenous tribes: in the northeast, occupying part of the coast and even the interior and margins of the Guatapanare River (today the Neverí River) were Cumanagotes. Towards the mouth of the Uchire River, the Tumuzas and towards the center between the Unare river and the islets of Píritu,

112-867: A capacity for 18 thousand spectators, and the Enzo Hernández Stadium; in basketball, Marinos de Anzoátegui is present, with headquarters in the Luis Ramos Gymnasium (informally called "the devil's cauldron" ("La Caldera del Diablo")), with a capacity for 5,500 spectators; in soccer, the Deportivo Anzoátegui is present, whose headquarters is the José Antonio Anzoátegui Stadium, with a capacity for 40,000 spectators. 10°4′N 64°43′W  /  10.067°N 64.717°W  / 10.067; -64.717 Jos%C3%A9 Antonio Anzo%C3%A1tegui José Antonio Anzoátegui (1789–1819)

168-683: A crucial role at the Battle of Boyacá . On August 7 his rearguard came down the Camino Real in direction of Santa Fe in order to reach the Boyacá bridge, they were behind Santander's vanguard that came into contact with the royalist vanguard at the Casa de Postas near 2pm. As Santander engaged them, Anzoátegui ordered his rear guard to turn right and cut off the main bulk of the Royalist Army from reaching their vanguard at

224-528: A firearm to each officer on duty; neither are there sufficient handcuffs or bullet-proof vests. Some agencies have only one firearm for the whole force." In general, the Commission found, "bureaucracy is weakly developed: three-quarters of state and municipal forces do not have a manual for procedures and two-thirds lack an organizational manual". In November 2008 a Commission for the Police System (Comsipol)

280-729: A police tactical unit in 2011. While Article 34 of the Police Organic Law states the similarities of the National Police with the state, municipal, city and township police forces and the Venezuelan National Guard , Article 39 of the said law states the following services to be rendered only by personnel of the National Police: The National Police is headed by, as of 2016, the Director General of

336-429: Is characterized by the predominance of oil and agricultural activities, however, there are favorable expectations of development in the secondary and tertiary sectors, with the installation of important industries such as: automotive, construction materials, oil derivatives, agro-industry, and on the other hand, tourist, commercial and financial activities. The production of hydrocarbons represents an important part within

392-409: Is difficult replace with dignity a commander like Anzoátegui ." Anzoátegui's dedication to the cause of independence was not only significant in terms of military victories but also in shaping the future of Venezuela. His contributions alongside notable figures like Simón Bolívar and José Antonio Páez were instrumental in securing Venezuelan independence. In recognition of his service and sacrifice,

448-406: Is largely determined by altitude, climate and season of the year, where areas of snow-covered scrub, cujíes and small southern species alternate. It also has a tree called caderoms, this includes resistant or environmentally adapted varieties. As for the flora, the species of wood trees that are most abundant are oil, pylon, carob, oak, quebrahacho, puy, araguaney, apamate, etc. The fruits present in

504-611: Is located between the coordinates 10°08'40" north and 64°40'38" west, in the northeastern region of the country. It borders with the State of Monagas and Sucre to the east, Bolivar to the south, Guarico and Miranda to the west, and to the north by the Caribbean Sea provides water to the territory, as are the Unare and Neverí rivers (on the second slope) and the Zuata and Cabrutica rivers (on the first slope). Most of these rivers have their headwaters in

560-463: Is native to Peru, Chile and Argentina. Silica sands, limestone, coal, oil, petroleum and natural gas. Thermal waters Hot Waters Urica Bergantine to Aguas de Minas Umbrella The State organizes its administration and public powers through the Constitution of the State of Anzoátegui, which establishes two fundamental powers: executive and legislative. The 2002 Constitution remains in force and governs

616-503: Is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard . The state legislature is the unicameral Legislative Council of the State of Anzoátegui, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, and they can be reelected for new consecutive periods, under a mixed election system (uninominal by electoral circuits with proportional representation of minorities through party list vote) of

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672-493: Is the exploitation of forest resources: according to the statistics of the Venezuelan Autonomous Forest Service (SEFORVEN), for the year 1990 the entity had a production of wood in rolls of 1 033 100 m³ (0,18 % of the national total). In the cattle activity they emphasize: cattle with 614 097 heads; pigs with 100 097 heads and birds with 4 019 816 units. The development of the state has been centered in

728-475: Is the second marine park decreed in the country, it is shared with the state of Sucre, it gathers several islands and islets such as Chimanas, Mono, Picuda Grande, Caracas, Venado, borracha. On the coastal side it occupies a mountainous area with a group of beaches, gulfs and coves. The mountainous part is made up of sedimentary rocks of steep relief with slopes that fall abruptly towards the sea. They are giant cliffs devoid of vegetation, which form strange figures in

784-690: The Battle of Boyacá which earned him his promotion to General of Division . After the battle Bolívar appointed him as Commander of the Army of the North based in Cúcuta and while; en route to take command, he died at the young age of 30 in the town of Pamplona on November 15, 1819. The Venezuelan state of Anzoátegui is named in his honor. José Antonio Anzoátegui was born on November 14, 1789, in Barcelona, Venezuela, to Juana Petronila Hernández and José Antonio Anzoátegui. He

840-666: The Bolivarian National Police was officially raised with the full enactment of the Police Service Organic Law of 2009 and the Police Service Statutes Law, published on the Official Gazette on the same day. These laws formally marked the founding of what is now South America's youngest national police force, which took place formally on December 20 the same year. The Special Actions Force of

896-492: The 1930s, agriculture, fishing and livestock were the main activities of the state. Cotton and sugar cane, together with livestock and fishing, allowed since colonial times the structuring of small towns (Barcelona, Boca de Uchire, Clarines and Píritu). Named in honor of the great hero of Venezuelan independence, José Antonio Anzoátegui (1789-1819), this state was originally called the Province of Barcelona, receiving that name from

952-568: The Bolivarian National Police ( Spanish : Fuerza de Acción Especial de la Policía Nacional Bolivariana , FAES) was created by President Nicolás Maduro to "combat crime and terrorism" in 2017. It has around 1,300 officers and includes the Unidad de Operaciones Tácticas Especiales (UOTE) a police tactical unit . It was accused by PROVEA , a Venezuelan human rights group, of having killed more than 100 people in low-income neighborhoods in

1008-455: The New Barcelona of San Cristóbal de Cumanagotos. In its surroundings were formed villages of missions and doctrines, highlighting among them Our Lady of Clarines, founded in 1594; Nuestra Señora de la Concepción de Píritu, founded in 1656, which was incorporated into the province of Cumaná; San Miguel Jesús María and José de Caigua and Nuestra Señora del Pilar, among others. Until the decade of

1064-483: The State are the merey, mango, guácimo, sarrapia, merecure, querebero, corn, among others. The characteristic flora of the State of Anzoàtegui can be seen in its streets and patios of many houses, and even its squares are decorated with the characteristic trees of the region. It is important to mention, the Cayenne, which is found throughout the region: it is a tall and sometimes arborescent bush of 8-10 mts high that presents

1120-504: The State. It is composed of the Governor of Anzoátegui State and a group of state secretaries, appointed by him. The current governor is Antonio Barreto Sira of the opposition party Acción Democrática, after Nelson Moreno's "interim" management of the PSUV in the Governor's Office between 2016 and 2017. Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which

1176-504: The Venezuelan state of Anzoátegui was named in his honor, immortalizing his legacy as a hero of independence. Venezuelan police The Policía Nacional Bolivariana ( Spanish : Bolivarian National Police , PNB ) is Venezuela 's national police force, created in 2009. Law enforcement in Venezuela has historically been highly fragmented, and the creation of a national police force

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1232-538: The Venezuelan National Assembly gave the government one year to create a national police force. President Hugo Chávez then attempted to create a centralized national police force, announcing his plans in August 2002. However, the Venezuelan public, academics, NGOs and municipal governments rejected the idea with Alfredo Peña stating that the police would possibly be used to repress protesters, resulting with

1288-474: The Venezuelan flora. In some regions of the country, it is also known by the names of Roble Colorado (Zulia), Orumo (Falcón). This tree can measure up to 30 m. and has as its habitat the deciduous forest. Its purple, pink, lilac and white flowers in different shades give the Apamate a particular beauty and fill the main streets of Barcelona with its flowers. There is one tree in particular that can be found in most of

1344-482: The Venezuelan government canceling the creation of a national police force. In 2006 a National Commission on Police Reform (CONAREPOL, from the Spanish name) conducted studies aimed at reforming the police, in consultation with police and local communities. It found that "Careful study of the different police agencies makes it evident that many do not have adequate infrastructure, and they are lacking in basic services or

1400-646: The Venezuelan military and political leader who played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence. On 26 May 1819, Anzoátegui marched with Bolivar from the Apure Region in Venezuela to the Casanare Province in New Granada to join up with General Francisco de Paula Santander who had been sent there in 1818 to build an army for a military campaign to invade central New Granada and capture

1456-457: The battle of Boyacá, Bolívar named him commander of the Army of the North which would be formed in Cúcuta . While traveling there Anzoátegui became gravely ill died and died en-route on November 15, 1819, in the town of Pamplona . His death was unexpected and came at a relatively young age. When news of his death reached the capital of New Granada the authorities decreed a state of mourning for 8 days. Upon hearing of his death Bolívar remarked: '"It

1512-415: The battlefield will have noticed, the movements of a troop are easily hidden by the bushes and the inequality of the terrain." For their actions Bolívar would promote both him and Santander to General of Division. Three days later Anzoátegui marched triumphantly along with the rest of the army into Santa Fe, the victory at Boyacá marked a turning point in the struggle against Spanish colonial rule. After

1568-449: The bridge. This caught the royalists off guard and after 2 hours of combat the battle was over, resulting in the complete annihilation of the royalist army. The coordination between the Patriot vanguard and rearguard had been a stroke of luck as Anzoátegui conducted his operations without seeing those of Santander, as he would confess a few months later saying "because, as all those who know

1624-401: The capital of Santa Fe in order to free it from Spanish control. The two armies met in the town of Tame , on 15 June Bolivar began to organize this army which would be known as Ejército Libertador de Nueva Granada y Venezuela (English: Liberation Army of New Granada and Venezuela) he named Anzoátegui as the commander of the rearguard division of the army with his division chief-of-staff being

1680-520: The central tables. In the flat area of the coast, there are the Píritu and Unare lagoons, both of which are closed off by coastal ridges generated by the sediments carried by the Unare river. The main rivers are Amana, Aragüita, Caris, Guanipa, Güere, Guario, Morichal Largo, Neverí, Pao, Tigre, Unare, Zuata and a sector of the lower Orinoco. The vegetation of the Anzoátegui State is typical temperate. It

1736-736: The coastal strip, where 50% of the population is located, generating conflicts of use by the occupation of the space between the tourist, industrial oil, mining, residential and commercial activities. Tourism currently plays an important role in the development of Puerto La Cruz and other coastal towns. International restaurant company Churro Mania originated in the Anzoateguian city of Lecheria. Industrial: Crude and refined petroleum, natural gas and its derivatives, coal, cement, food products and beverages. Forestry: olive, araguaney, ceiba, cereiba, cereipo, cují, jobo and vera. Minerals: siliceous sands, limestone, coal, oil, etc. Mochima National Park

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1792-508: The depths species like corocoro, snapper, grouper, curvina, roncador, cazón, the blue shark and widow are abundant. The coves are rich in crustaceans and molluscs. The following islands in Anzoátegui State are part of Mochima National Park: The State of Anzoátegui has teams in various sports; in professional baseball, the team "Caribes de Anzoátegui" stands out, with headquarters in the Alfonso Chico Carrasquel Stadium, with

1848-591: The fall of the Second Republic of Venezuela into Royalist hands, he fled with Generals Simón Bolívar and Rafael Urdaneta to New Granada . There he participated in the failed campaign to capture the royalist controlled province of Santa Marta , he later fled abroad to Jamaica . In 1816 he returned to Venezuela, as part of the Los Cayos expedition and was Commander of the infantry troops in Carúpano . He took part in

1904-421: The following characteristics. The flowers are striking and large at their best, growing up to 15.24 cm. in diameter and occur in many colors such as orange, red, pink, white, yellow and salmon, and remain for most of the year. Most have bright flashes and are bell-shaped. A tree that abounds in its main squares and roads: El Colorado or Apamate, is one of the most beautiful, useful and most cultivated trees of

1960-469: The general population is Spanish , there are several indigenous minority tribes located in some points of the state that speak other languages besides this one. According to article 8 of the Constitution of Anzoátegui State of May 30, 2002, the official language of the state is Spanish. In addition, the Kariña language (which is one of the aboriginal tribes of the state) and the other indigenous languages spoken in

2016-753: The invasion of the province of Guyana and captured Angostura , which became the capital of the Third Republic of Venezuela . He was a prosecutor in General Piar's court martial and also participated in the Congress of Angostura and as Brigadier General he received command of the Bolívar's Honor Guard. In the New Granadan Campaign of 1819 he commanded the rearguard division of the army was noted for his active and courageous participation in that campaign, especially at

2072-566: The land of the Cumanagotos occurred in 1586 under the command of the Captain of Conquest Cristobal Cobos, who confronted the Cayaurima chieftain, and whose defeat was decisive for the foundation of the first city, San Cristóbal de la New Ecija. The first foundation, was followed by more than sixty years of war, until the arrival of Juan de Orpí, to whom the audience of Santo Domingo assigns the conquest of

2128-621: The national context, occupying a considerable physical space. In the Anaco-Aragua sector in Barcelona and El Tigre are the aspects related to the extraction phase, while the industrial activities of refining are carried out in Puerto La Cruz and San Roque. Likewise, the Cryogenic Complex of Oriente is located in Jose. The largest proportion of the so-called "Orinoco Belt" is located in the south of

2184-481: The population of the state and its municipalities. The state has 15 legislators, 14 belong to the official party and one to the opposition. Anzoátegui comprises 21 municipalities ( municipios ), listed below: Based on the 2001 census information, the estimated population of Anzoátegui State in 2007 is 1,477,900 inhabitants. According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was: The most used language at official level in education, commerce and by

2240-576: The premontane rainforest appears. Sea birds abound in this area, such as the gull, the gannet and the earwig. Towards the heights are the paraulata, the maraquera pigeon, the guacharaca and the conoto. Among the few mammals that inhabit the cloudy areas are the cachicamo, the lapa, the jaguar, the fox and the capuchin monkey. On the islands of the park, fauna is scarce and consists of lizards and iguanas. Marine species are abundant such as: sardine, mackerel, horse mackerel, cataco, lampara, yellowfin and blackfin tuna, lebranche, mullet, mojarra and snook; while in

2296-534: The province of Barcelona in present-day Spain and maintained that name from the beginning of the 18th century until 1821 and then between 1830 and 1864, when its name was replaced by "Estado Barcelona", a name it kept until 1909. The city of Barcelona , which is the capital of the state, was founded by the Spanish colonists in 1677 as "New Barcelona of the Holy Hill" ( Nueva Barcelona del Cerro Santo ) later shortened simply to Barcelona. The present day Anzoátegui State

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2352-465: The province of the cumanagotos. He achieved his goal and in 1636 he founded Nueva Barcelona, near San Cristóbal, which coexisted between 1638 and 1670 as towns rivals because of the government dependency they had. Today's Barcelona emerged on January 1, 1671, through the action of Father Manuel Yanques, who orders the eviction of previously founded villages with the proposal of strengthen the defence against threats from indigenous tribes, and then establish

2408-663: The same name. Inland, other tribes like the Quacos and Cores occupied territories up to the banks of the Orinoco River. Since 1499 the first Spanish incursions to the beaches of Anzoátegui began through the Maracapana (Dairy) hill in search of pearls sources. With the appearance of Cubagua and its pearly potential, the stretch of land included between Cumana and the Unare River became a key supply site. However, The first Spanish settlement in

2464-598: The six months leading up to January 2019 during the protests in Venezuela . On 5 July 2019 the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet , released a report presenting evidence of the murdering of at least 6,800 Venezuelans from January 2018 to May 2019 by various security forces including the FAES. The report included documentation of instances of torture, including waterboarding and electric shocks. The regime deemed it as "biased". The PNB originally formed

2520-449: The spaces that are necessary for police activities (e.g., holding cells). In other cases, they do not even have their own building. Higher level technological resources (phones, fax, internet connection, computers, software) are relatively rare or, if present, are found only at central headquarters. Lack of, or deficiencies in, infrastructure are most marked for the municipal police.… [T]he majority of [all] police agencies are unable to assign

2576-485: The state are official for the indigenous peoples. The economy of the state is dominated by the exploitation of oil and natural gas. The "José Antonio Anzoátegui Petrochemical Complex", located in José, to the east of Barcelona, is one of the largest petrochemical complexes in Latin America. Anzoátegui also prospers in the fishing industry, tourism, small-scale agriculture and extensive cattle raising. The economy of Anzoátegui State

2632-652: The state, constituting the largest oil reserve on the planet. The agricultural activity has been experiencing a growth based, fundamentally, in the increase of the occupied surface after having passed a prolonged period of stagnation, as a consequence of the development of the oil activity. According to the Agricultural Statistical Yearbook of the MAC 89/91, the main items cultivated in the state are: soy, peanuts, corn, cotton, cane, sorghum, coffee, cocoa, cambur, roots and tubers. Another relevant agricultural activity

2688-406: The stone. The coastal vegetation is essentially thorny, where cactus and shrubs such as cuji, dividivi, yacure, guamacho, espinito and retama predominate. Towards the insular sector there are three species of buttonwood mangrove. Ascending there is an area where species like the vera palo santo, the guatacaro, the jobo pelón, the cardón and the araguaney can be observed. From the 900 m above sea level,

2744-438: The towns in the State of Anzoàtegui, and in particular in the arid areas of the state. eL Cuji: Prosopis Juliflora (scientific name) is a tree up to 10–15 m high, typical of arid and semi-arid regions, chestnut green in colour, with flexible branches with long and strong thorns. It is also characterized by dull yellow flowers. Its stem is fleshy and rich in sucrose (20-25%) and 10-20% of reduced sugars. The Cují or Prosopis Juliflora

2800-712: The tribes of the Píritus and Chacopatas were located. The Palenques had formed a village in Aripata, on the right bank of the Unare, where the population of Clarines is located, but its domains encompassed the Tramojo, Chocopire and Güere River lagoons to the south. The tribe of the Cochismas was located on the banks of the Guanare River and the Guaribes occupied the area that irrigated the river of

2856-437: The young Lieutenant Colonel Jose Maria Cordova. At the Battle of Vargas Swamp on July 25, 1819, Anozoátegui's division was placed in the center and the right flank of the Patriot effort and fought bitterly to hold their line. His men contributed to the victory as they were able to push back the royalist infantry, preventing them from linking up with the royalist cavalry in their attempt to encircle them. Anzoátegui played

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2912-634: Was a Venezuelan military officer who fought in the Venezuelan and Colombian Wars of Independence . Born in Barcelona , he joined the Venezuelan independence movement in 1810, one of the first military campaigns he participated in was in the Eastern Campaign led by General Santiago Mariño which saw him each the rank of captain. From 1813 to 1814, he was present at almost every important battle; such as Bocachico, Araure , Carabobo and San Mateo . After

2968-476: Was also included in the Province of Cumaná, which in turn was part of the Captaincy General of Venezuela, along with other provinces (Guayana, Maracaibo, Caracas, Margarita and Trinidad). In 1810 it was separated from the province. It was in 1909 when it acquired the current political distribution. The State of Anzoátegui has an area of 43,300 km. It is the sixth largest state in the country. Anzoátegui

3024-410: Was created to implement CONAREPOL's recommendations. These included the creation of a National Police, which was done in 2009. Other recommendations were that the police should be specifically trained in human rights , and have a greater emphasis on crime prevention. The Experimental Security University was set up to provide such training with branches in various Venezuelan cities. On 7 December 2009,

3080-546: Was destined to play a pivotal role in his nation's struggle for independence. Anzoátegui joined the pro-independence movement early, becoming an officer in the Venezuelan Emancipating Army in 1810. His leadership and military skills quickly became apparent. He was recognized as one of the most distinguished officers of the liberating army of Venezuela, holding the position of Chief of the Guard of Honor of Simón Bolívar,

3136-539: Was originally unpopular among the public and organizations. The creation of a National Police was one of the recommendations of a 2006 National Commission on Police Reform (CONAREPOL). At the time that the force was set up, the wage rate for officers in the new force was three times higher than that in existing forces. As of July 2010, the PNB had around 2,400 officers, with a further 1,400 in training. Now it has grown into an estimated 20,000-strong national police force. In 2001,

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