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25-525: Anuta is a small volcanic island in the province of Temotu in the southeastern part of Solomon Islands . It is one of the smallest permanently inhabited Polynesian islands. It is one of the Polynesian Outlier communities in Melanesia . The island lies about 500 km (310 mi) to the east-southeast of Nendö . It is a small volcanic island with a fringing coral reef . The highest point on

50-671: A macron above ⟨ā⟩. In other times, long vowels are to emphasis. The stress in Anutan normally falls on the first syllable. The ākamana Polynesian syllabary for Anutan appears like this: Anuta shows many morphological similarities with Futunic languages and are related to Polynesian morphology. Anuta follows the word order SVO . PAV (patient-verb-agent) ergative constructions are also common. Anuta distinguishes personal pronouns into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person and single, dual , and plural . Dual and plural 1st person are separated into exclusive and inclusive categories which depends on

75-507: A number of volcanic islands that rise no more than 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) above sea level , often classified as islets or rocks, while some low islands, such as Banaba , Henderson Island , Makatea , Nauru , and Niue , rise over 50 metres (160 ft) above sea level. The two types of islands are often found in proximity to each other, especially among the islands of the South Pacific Ocean , where low islands are found on

100-430: A severely negative impact on the island's ecosystem, Anuta has attracted interest from scientists interested in sustainability . The BBC documentary series South Pacific devotes part of the episode 1, Ocean of Islands, to the ability of Anutans to maintain their island's bounty, contrasting it with the environmental destruction found on Easter Island . The Anuta people take care to fulfil their needs with respect to

125-551: A two-volume dictionary and basic grammar of the language. Anuta has an extremely small consonant inventory. This is as a result of several phoneme mergers such as /f/ with /p/ and /s/ with /t/. The allophonic variation is one of the Tikopian influences. Vowels have a short and long form. The length of a vowel makes a difference in phonetics and meaning in Polynesian languages, and may be written with vowel gemination ⟨aa⟩ or with

150-432: A year in 1972–1973. He has remained in communication with the Anutan community from that time onward and has made several additional visits. Five documentaries about Anuta have been created. In January 2005 Italian documentarists Elisabetta (Lizzi) Eordegh and Carlo Auriemma sailed aboard the sailing boat "Barca Pulita" with a crew of four (including two doctors) and visited the island for one week. In 2006, Bruce Parry of

175-633: Is a Polynesian Outlier language from the island of Anuta in the Solomon Islands . It is closely related to the Tikopia language of the neighboring island of Tikopia , and it bears significant cultural influence from the island. The two languages have a high degree of mutual intelligibility , although Anutans can understand Tikopians better than the reverse. Anuta is generally regarded as Nuclear Polynesian language , although it bears considerable Tongic influence. In 1977, Richard Feinberg published

200-514: Is part of the Anglican Church of Melanesia Diocese of Temotu . In December 2002, the island was impacted by Cyclone Zoe . Anuta has a human population of about 300. This is one of the highest population densities in the world, perhaps equalling that of Bangladesh . The island has two systems for naming villages ( noporanga , or "dwelling places"). In one system there are three villages called Mua, Muri, and St. John. Mua , meaning "front",

225-487: Is to the east. Muri , meaning "back" is west of Mua. After establishment of the Anglican church in 1916, a third village grew up to the west of Muri and took the name of the church, St. John. In the second system, Mua and Muri are combined under the name, Rotoapi, and contrasted with the new village which, in the second system, is called Vatiana. Anutans use the uninhabited island of Fatutaka , about 60 km (37 mi) to

250-612: The Reef Islands —with mixed Melanesian and Polynesian populations—and the Duff Islands , all over 320 kilometres (200 mi) away. Further southwest lie the Banks and New Hebrides Groups. Anuta was first mentioned in 1791, and the political and geographical circumstances led to isolation of Anuta's population. According to oral traditions, Anuta was settled by voyagers from Tonga and 'Uvea about fifteen generations ago. The time frame of

275-420: The fringing reefs that surround most volcanic islands. Volcanic islands normally rise above a hotspot or subduction zone . Volcanic islands usually range in size between 1 and 104 square kilometres (0.4 and 40 sq mi). Islands above a certain size usually have fresh groundwater , while low islands often do not, so volcanic islands are more likely to be habitable. Many volcanic islands emerge from

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300-665: The BBC visited for several weeks, during which he and his team filmed an episode of the TV show, Tribe . In 2008, another film team from the BBC made a brief visit, and in 2012 a team from the Seoul Broadcasting System filmed a TV show there for a Korean audience. In 2013, the team and crew of the Canadian documentary 1000 jours pour la planète arrived on the island with the anthropologist Richard Feinberg. Volcanic island There are

325-443: The deep abyss of the ocean, and feature rough or mountainous landscapes in their interiors and a diverse array of summit elevations. Researchers have observed that the island will often be covered by dense tropical forest. These limit settlement on the interior of many islands, forcing communities to develop along the coast. Larger islands may have rivers, resulting in flood hazards. Rivers deliver sediment downstream, which can dominate

350-503: The environment, to preserve it. At certain times they do not catch certain fish or hunt animals. Like most of the other Polynesian islands, Anuta has traditions of choral polyphonic singing. Free time is spent dancing, singing and swimming. Anthropologist Raymond Firth visited Anuta for a day in 1952. Ethnobotanist Douglas Yen, along with archaeologists Patrick Kirch and Paul Rosendahl, spent about two months there in 1971, and anthropologist Richard Feinberg lived on Anuta for almost

375-492: The first chief, and was succeeded by his son Ruokimata. When Ruokimata died without an heir, Taroaki, one of the 'Uvean arrivals, became the next chief. Further arrivals from Samoa and Tonga occurred two generations after the initial settlers. The current social structure was established in the sixth generation when chief Tearakura, his two brothers, and one brother-in-law slew the remainder of the island's male population. These men, along with Tearakura's two sisters, were founders of

400-633: The importance of implementing effective risk mitigation plans that include nature-based solutions to improve societal safety on these islands. These involve leveraging natural processes and ecosystems to reduce hazard impacts. This can include the restoration of natural barriers like mangroves or coral reefs that protect against tsunamis and storm surges or the maintenance of natural water catchments that can mitigate flood risks. Anuta language 11°37′S 169°51′E  /  11.61°S 169.85°E  / -11.61; 169.85 The Anuta language (or Anutan , locally te taranga paka-Anuta )

425-484: The island is 65 m (213 ft) above sea level . The island has a diameter of only about 750 m (820 yd) and an area of 0.4 square kilometres (0.15 sq mi). The island lies halfway between the Solomon Islands archipelago and Tuvalu . Anuta's nearest populated neighbour is Tikopia Island, about 112 kilometres (70 mi) to the southwest. The next closest islands are Vanikolo , Utupua , and

450-449: The island's four kainanga , large descent groups that are sometimes described in English as 'clans'. Another group arrived from Rotuma some time later. Anglican missionaries arrived in 1916, quickly converting the entire island. During the 1990s, Anuta's advisers rejected western medicines on the island, arguing that it would indicate a lack of faith in the church. Administratively, Anuta

475-517: The migration is not precisely identified but is understood to be some time between the 10th century and the mid-13th century, although the arrival of the voyagers in Anuta could have occurred later. The pattern of settlement that is believed to have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from Tonga and other islands in the central and southeastern Pacific islands. During pre-European-contact times, there

500-504: The noun and the verb. If time is unimportant in the context of the sentence, tense markers will be dropped. Numbers in Anuta are usually with tense markers. Anutan use decimal counting systems . Tens use the same unit term pua making 'twenty' pua rua , 'thirty' pua toru and so forth. After tens, the number indicated in the tens are marked with maa meaning 'and'. Eleven would be puangapuru maa tai meaning 'ten and one'. The same goes for twenty's, thirty's, etc. If

525-523: The object is singular or plural will change the singular form of the pronouns. Two ways of possessive construction. One, the possessive pronoun is directly attached to the object or two, directly attached to the dual or plural forms. In singular possessive pronouns, when the object changes from singular to plural the /t/ drops. Any of the verbs in Anutan can be used as a noun by attaching "te". Tense markers : These tense markers may be attached to verbs without personal pronouns. Usually placed between

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550-473: The shape of the coast and contribute to erosion. Tall volcanic islands are often surrounded by protective fringing or barrier reefs, creating lagoons. The unique geological and geographical characteristics of volcanic islands make them prone to many natural hazards, which are expected to worsen due to climate change . These include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, and severe weather events like hurricanes or typhoons. Studies have highlighted

575-467: The southeast, as a place to hunt birds. Anutans speak the Anuta language (locally te taranga paka-Anuta ), which is related to other Polynesian languages . An important value in Anutan society is aropa , which emphasizes collaboration, sharing and compassion for others. The concept of aropa encourages islanders to share their finite resources equitably. Because Anuta's high population density has not had

600-446: The words placement in the sentence. 2nd person pronouns should always be attached with either the particles ko, e, mo, or te. When the pronoun is standing alone, usually in a response of a question, it is attached with the particle ko. Similar to personal pronouns, possessive pronouns are divided into 1st, 2nd and 3rd person, single, dual and plural. Dual and plural also being separated into exclusive and inclusive. However, whether

625-514: Was frequent canoe voyaging between the islands, because Polynesian navigation skills are recognised to have allowed deliberate journeys on double-hull sailing canoes or outrigger canoes . The voyagers moved into the Tuvaluan atolls, with Tuvalu providing a stepping-stone to migration into the Polynesian Outlier communities in Melanesia and Micronesia . One of the Tongan settlers, Pu Kaurave, became

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