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70-605: António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres GCC GCL ( / ɡ ʊ ˈ t ɛr ə s / , European Portuguese: [ɐ̃ˈtɔnju ɣuˈtɛʁɨʃ] ; born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician and diplomat who is serving as the ninth and current  secretary-general of the United Nations  since 2017. A member of the Portuguese Socialist Party , Guterres served as prime minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002. Guterres served as secretary-general of

140-447: A 3 seat loss if the 1987 election results are tabulated with the new seat distribution, it gained a higher share of the vote than in 1987. Cavaco Silva became the first Prime Minister since Hintze Ribeiro , in 1904 , to lead a party into three successive democratic election victories. The Socialist Party, at the time led by Jorge Sampaio , the future President of Portugal , increased its share by 7 percentage points and gained 12 MPs,

210-631: A February 2007 NPR interview devoted mainly to the plight of Iraqi refugees, Guterres said that this was one of the greatest refugee crises in the Middle East since 1948. Among poorly publicized refugee crises, he cited those in the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . During his final years as High Commissioner, he worked chiefly to secure international aid for

280-580: A UN General Assembly meeting in late October 2016, the representative from Haiti called the UN's current and future response to the cholera epidemic "a litmus test of the system's commitment to the promotion of human rights". Though many had hoped Guterres's term would mark a break with the inaction that characterized Ban's response to the epidemic, Guterres has done little to signal a commitment to Haitian cholera victims. As of April 2017, five months into his term as secretary-general, only $ 10 million had been contributed to

350-843: A crime at the International Criminal Court and the Global Pact for the Environment that was put forward by France in September 2017. In September 2019, Guterres condemned Israeli plans to annex the eastern portion of the occupied West Bank known as the Jordan Valley . Guterres expressed his "deep concern" at the spiralling violence in Syria a day after Turkey launched an offensive in Kurdish-controlled areas . He said any solution to

420-579: A disastrous defeat for the Socialist Party in local elections, Guterres resigned to "prevent the country from falling into a political swamp". President Jorge Sampaio dissolved Parliament and called for elections. Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues , until then minister for social security, assumed the Socialist Party leadership, but the general election was lost to the Social Democratic Party of José Manuel Durão Barroso , who later became president of

490-596: A gain of 16 if compared with 1987 with the new seat distribution, but did not manage to avoid the absolute majority of the Social Democrats. Like four and six years earlier, and like 1979 and 1980, the PS failed to win a single district. In the first legislative election after the fall of the Eastern Bloc , the communist dominated Democratic Unity Coalition lost much of its electoral influence, losing almost 10 MPs and 4 points of

560-490: A global ceasefire by the end of 2020. In September 2020, Guterres stated that he would continue with "a serious dialogue" with UN member states, for a comprehensive Reform of the UN Security Council . On 6 October 2020, Guterres expressed deep concern over the escalation of hostilities in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and called on Armenia and Azerbaijan to immediately halt fighting and progress towards

630-666: A means-tested guaranteed minimum income (known as the Rendimento Mínimo Garantido ), and increased investment in education. He was then one of seven Social Democratic prime ministers in the European Union, joining political allies in Spain, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Greece and the Netherlands. With a style markedly different from that of his predecessor, and based on dialogue and discussion with all sections of society, Guterres

700-576: A peaceful resolution. On 8 June 2021, the United Nations Security Council expressed support for his re-election as secretary-general . On 18 June 2021, Guterres was appointed for a second term by a voting season of the United Nations General Assembly . In July 2021 Guterres stated it was "highly desirable" to make ecocide a crime at the International Criminal Court . In April 2022, Guterres went to Ukraine during

770-450: A platform of keeping a tight hold on budget spending and inflation in a bid to ensure that Portugal met the Euro convergence criteria by the end of the decade, as well as increasing rates of participation in the labor market, especially among women, improving tax collection and cracking down on tax evasion, increased involvement of the mutual and nonprofit sectors in providing welfare services,

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840-523: A political career. During his university years, he joined the Group of Light, a club for young Catholics, where he met Father Vítor Melícias , a prominent Franciscan priest and church administrator who remains a close friend and confidant. Guterres's political career began in 1974, when he became a member of the Socialist Party . Shortly thereafter, he quit academic life and became a full-time politician. In

910-453: A publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " Order of the Knights of Christ ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1991 Portuguese legislative election Aníbal Cavaco Silva PSD Aníbal Cavaco Silva PSD The 1991 Portuguese legislative election took place on 6 October. The election renewed all 230 members of

980-441: A strong candidate for Lisbon to contest the 1989 local elections . Because of these pressures, Constâncio resign in late 1988 and a party congress to elect a new leader was called for mid January 1989. Two candidates were on the ballot, Jorge Sampaio and Jaime Gama . Sampaio was easily elected as PS leader. The Democratic Renewal Party 's results in the 1987 election were disappointing and António Ramalho Eanes resigned from

1050-484: Is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved. The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude . The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as

1120-552: Is through a new compact with all key parties—true contributors, financial contributors—and to make sure that there is an adjustment in the relation between countries, the UN, and the support those that are contributing with troops receive, in order to be able to do it much better." On 1 January 2017, on his first day as secretary-general of the United Nations, Guterres pledged to make 2017 a year for peace. "Let us resolve to put peace first," he said. On 12 April 2017, Guterres appointed an eight-member independent panel to assess and enhance

1190-466: The 1986 presidential election , returned to the party and was the sole candidate to the party's leadership. In the 1987 general election the PS polled 2nd with just 22 percent, while the PSD won a historic absolute majority. Then party leader, Vítor Constâncio was facing pressures because of his strategy, with interferences also from President Mário Soares , and, adding to this, his difficulty in finding

1260-507: The Assembly of the Republic . There was a reduction of 20 seats compared with previous elections, due to the 1989 Constitutional revision. The Social Democratic Party, under the lead of Cavaco Silva , won a historic third term and won an absolute majority for the second consecutive election. While it lost 13 MPs due to the reduction of the overall number from the original 250 to 230, although just

1330-503: The Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method , which are more generous to small parties. For these elections, and compared with the 1987 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following: The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 5th legislature (1987–1991) and that also partook in the election: No debates between the main parties were held as

1400-627: The President of Portugal . The Military Order of Christ, together with the Military Orders of Aviz and of St. James of the Sword , formed the group of the "Ancient Military Orders", governed by a chancellor and a council of eight members, and appointed by the President of the Republic to assist him as Grand Master in all the order's administrative matters. The Order can be conferred for outstanding services to

1470-665: The Russian invasion . He was surprised to see that the Russian army shelled parts of Kyiv even when he was there. In response to evacuation efforts initiated by the UN on 30 April following Guterres's visit to Ukraine and Russia, dozens of civilians were photographed by Reuters as being allowed by Russian troops to be evacuated from their entrenched positions in the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works in Mariupol. Guterres stated that "instead of hitting

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1540-434: The Russian invasion of Ukraine . In January 2023, Guterres called for a global effort to transform education and added that it was time to "translate their Summit Commitments into concreate actions", create an inclusive learning environment that supports all students and "to end all the discriminatory laws and practices that hinder access to education". In April 2023, the 2023 Pentagon document leaks revealed that Guterres

1610-678: The United Nations General Assembly in its 71st session . Guterres took office on 1 January 2017. Guterres is the first national leader to become the U.N. Secretary-General. The UN's role in the Haiti cholera outbreak was widely discussed and criticized after the Ban Ki-moon administration denied the issue for several months. According to the Boston-based Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti as well as numerous conclusive scientific studies,

1680-580: The United Nations Security Council (2015). In early 2015, the General Assembly voted to extend Guterres's mandate by 6 1 ⁄ 2 months to 31 December, on recommendation of United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon . In light of the European migrant crisis , the UNHCR's 98-member executive committee (EXCOM) later requested that Ban recommend extending Guterres's term by another year, but Ban disregarded

1750-572: The refugees of the Syrian civil war , calling the refugee crisis an "existential" one for host countries (such as Lebanon and Jordan ), and calling additional aid a "matter of survival" for the refugees. He was an outspoken advocate for a more coordinated and humane approach by European countries to the Mediterranean refugee crisis. In June 2013, he launched a US$ 5 billion aid effort, its biggest ever, to help up to 10.25 million Syrians that year. In what

1820-570: The $ 400 million fund to fight cholera and provide material assistance to victims the UN announced in 2016. In 2016, Anders Kompass exposed the sexual assault of children by peacekeepers in the Central African Republic and, as a consequence, was dismissed by Ban's administration before being rehabilitated in court. During the United Nations Secretary-General Candidate informal dialogues, Guterres indicated it

1890-480: The 12-year negotiations on the transfer of sovereignty over Macau , which had been a Portuguese colony , to Chinese control in 1999. In the 1999 parliamentary election the Socialist Party and the opposition won exactly the same number of seats (115). Guterres was reappointed to office and from January to July 2000 occupied the six-month rotating presidency of the European Council . His second term in government

1960-559: The 73rd United Nations General Assembly , Guterres became the first secretary to say that advancing technology will disrupt labor markets like never before and to advocate stronger safety nets like Universal Basic Income . In 2019, human rights groups criticized Guterres for being "silent" as China sent ethnic Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim ethnic minorities to the Xinjiang internment camps . Human Rights Watch chief Kenneth Roth said that Guterres "has been notably silent on one of

2030-652: The Camões Lyceum (now Camões Secondary School ), where he graduated in 1965, winning the National Lyceums Award ( Prémio Nacional dos Liceus ) as the best student in the country. He studied physics and electrical engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico – Technical University of Lisbon in Lisbon. He graduated in 1971 and started an academic career as an assistant professor teaching systems theory and telecommunications signals , before leaving academic life to start

2100-767: The European Commission . Guterres was elected president of Socialist International in November 1999, overlapping with his second term as prime minister of Portugal until his resignation from the latter post in December 2001. He remained president of the Socialist International until June 2005. In 2005, following Guterres's proposal, George Papandreou was elected vice president of the Socialist International ; in 2006, Papandreou succeeded him as president of

2170-672: The Knights Templar annihilated throughout France and most of Europe on charges of heresy , but Denis revived the Templars of Tomar as the Order of Christ, largely for their aid during the Reconquista and in the reconstruction of Portugal after the wars. Denis negotiated with Clement's successor, John XXII , for recognition of the new order and its right to inherit the Templar assets and property. This

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2240-510: The Order of Christ in 1319 for those knights who survived their mass slaughter throughout Europe. In Portugal, the Order of Christ accumulated great riches and power during the Age of Discoveries . In 1789, Queen Maria I of Portugal secularized the order. In 1910, with the end of the Portuguese monarchy, the order was extinguished. However, in 1917, the order was revived, with its Grand Master to be

2310-541: The Republic on military officers, and, despite its name, on civilians (including foreigners as well as Portuguese citizens) and on members of: Parliament or other branches of government, the diplomatic corps, the Courts of Justice, the Civil Service, and other public authorities. The Order of Christ, as awarded by the Portuguese government today, comes in six classes: [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

2380-559: The Socialist International. In May 2005, Guterres was elected High Commissioner for Refugees for a five-year term by the UN General Assembly , replacing Ruud Lubbers . As High Commissioner, Guterres headed one of the world's largest humanitarian organizations, which at the end of his term had more than 10,000 staff working in 126 countries providing protection and assistance to over 60 million refugees, returnees, internally displaced people and stateless persons. His time in office

2450-482: The Socialist Party from 1992 to 2002. He was elected prime minister in 1995 and announced his resignation in 2002, after his party was defeated in the 2001 Portuguese local elections . After six years governing without an absolute majority and with a poor economy, the Socialist Party did worse than expected because of losses in Lisbon and Porto , where polls indicated they had a solid lead. Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues assumed

2520-466: The Socialist Party leadership in January 2002, but Guterres would remain as prime minister until the general election was lost to the Social Democratic Party , led by José Manuel Barroso . Despite this defeat, polling of the Portuguese public in both 2012 and 2014 ranked Guterres the best prime minister of the previous 30 years. He served as president of the Socialist International from 1999 to 2005, and

2590-527: The Socialists' third consecutive defeat in Parliamentary elections , Guterres became secretary-general of the Socialist Party and leader of the opposition during Aníbal Cavaco Silva 's government. At the time, he was the party's third leader in six years. He was also selected as one of the 25 vice presidents of the Socialist International in September 1992. His election represented a break with tradition for

2660-486: The Socialists: not only was Guterres not associated with either the faction around then-president and former prime minister Mário Soares or the party's left wing led by Guterres's predecessor Sampaio, but he was also a devout Catholic, running counter to the party's historical secularism. He consulted with Portugal's civil society in formulating policy, meeting a range of intellectuals, scientists and entrepreneurs from across

2730-486: The UN General Assembly on 13 October 2016. On 29 February 2016, Guterres submitted his nomination as Portugal's candidate for the 2016 UN secretary-general selection. This was the first time candidates for secretary-general had to present their platform in public hearings in the UN General Assembly, a process during which Guterres emerged as a much stronger candidate than had been initially expected, given that he fit

2800-488: The UN is the proximate cause for bringing cholera to Haiti . Peacekeepers sent to Haiti from Nepal in 2010 were carrying asymptomatic cholera and failed to treat their waste properly before dumping it into one of Haiti's main water streams. During his UNSG informal dialogue, Jamaica , on behalf of the Caribbean Community , asked if the UN should assume liability for any deaths within local populations that result from

2870-891: The United Nations for a very, very long time." Guterres praised the Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement , stating that he welcomes "any initiative that can promote peace and security in the Middle East region." Guterres expressed the hope that the agreement between Israel and Sudan to normalize relations would create opportunities for peace and prosperity. On 10 August 2020, responding to an explosion in Beirut , Guterres expressed his support for all people in need in Lebanon , especially women and girls who are most vulnerable in times of crisis. On 22 September, he appealed for global solidarity to overcome COVID-19 , and again called for

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2940-523: The United Nations under the leadership of Guterres brokered a deal between Russia and Ukraine clearing the way for the export of grain from Ukrainian ports. In November 2022, Guterres met with Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed . He praised the ceasefire between the Ethiopian government and Tigray rebels that ended the two-year Tigray War , saying the war in Ethiopia had resulted in "more casualties" than

3010-401: The bill on neither the gender nor the geographic scores. On 5 October, the 15-member United Nations Security Council announced that it had agreed to nominate Guterres, after an informal secret ballot in which he gained 13 "encourage" votes and two "no opinion" votes. The Security Council officially nominated Guterres in a formal resolution on 6 October. A week later, he was formally elected by

3080-548: The brakes on the decarbonization of the global economy, now is the time to put the pedal to the metal towards a renewable energy future." In May 2022, Guterres went on a tour through West Africa. There, he met families who had been affected by the Islamist insurgency , and pushed for robust African peace initiatives and other counter-terrorism operations under the wing of the African Union. On 22 July 2022, together with Turkey ,

3150-647: The conflict needed to respect the sovereignty of the territory and the unity of Syria. In 2020, the World Jewish Congress awarded him the Theodor Herzl Prize . In the laudatory speech, its president Ronald Lauder called Guterres a "true and devoted friend of the Jewish people and the state of Israel." More than that: "the voice of fairness and justice that the State of Israel and the Jewish people had hoped for at

3220-681: The constitutional framework. Guterres criticized the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and the naval, land and air blockade of Yemen . The blockade has further aggravated Yemen's severe humanitarian crisis . Guterres said that the intervention in Yemen "is a stupid war. I think this war is against the interests of Saudi Arabia and the Emirates... [and] of the people of Yemen." Guterres opposed US President Donald Trump's decision to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital . In March 2018, Guterres said

3290-418: The country and the political spectrum in the run-up to the next general election. Aníbal Cavaco Silva did not seek a fourth term as prime minister of Portugal (in order to run for the 1996 presidential election ) and the Socialist Party won the 1995 parliamentary election . President Soares appointed Guterres as prime minister and his cabinet took the oath of office on 28 October that year. Guterres ran on

3360-410: The death of Chinese Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo , who died of organ failure while in government custody, Guterres said he was deeply saddened. After the violence during the 2017 Catalan independence referendum , Guterres trusted Spanish institutions to find a solution. He gave the same message when Catalonia declared independence on 27 October 2017 but said the solution should be made under

3430-689: The effectiveness of UN-Habitat after the adoption of the New Urban Agenda . The panel's recommendation to establish an independent coordinating mechanism, 'UN-Urban', met with criticism from urban experts and the African Urban Institute . On 20 June 2017, "Secretary-General António Guterres warned the Trump administration, that if the United States disengages from many issues confronting the international community it will be replaced". In response to

3500-412: The goal of dismantling North Korea 's nuclear weapons program. In August 2018, Guterres called for an independent investigation into a Saudi Arabian-led coalition air strike in Yemen that killed 51 civilians, including 40 children. Guterres condemned the persecution of the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar and called for a stronger response to the crisis. In September 2018, during his address to

3570-450: The introduction of infectious disease by its peacekeepers. Jamaica also asked if Guterres believed compensation should be provided. Guterres responded by calling the situation a "particularly complex question", saying it was difficult to preserve diplomatic immunity while also ensuring there is no impunity, but that he would "pay a lot of attention in trying to find the right equilibrium between these two aspects that are absolutely crucial". In

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3640-413: The leadership. Hermínio Martinho returned to the leadership, but the party was plagued by deep divisions on its ideology and strategy, with key members, including Ramalho Eanes, announcing their departure from the party In June 1991, the party held a leadership ballot between Hermínio Martinho and Pedro Canavarro. Martinho defended the dissolution of the party, while Canavarro proposed the continuation of

3710-400: The most important, ... the most brazen human rights abuses, ... because he is worried about upsetting the Chinese." In June 2019, Guterres stated that the "U.N. has the obligation to assume global leadership" in tackling climate change in the context of a visit to the pacific island of Tuvalu . He had previously supported other multilateral environmental initiatives, such as ecocide becoming

3780-423: The only presence of such party in the Parliament. Voter turnout fell to 67.8 percent, and for the first time below 70 percent of the electorate. After CDS's poor results, just 4 percent, in the 1987 general elections, then CDS leader Adriano Moreira announced he would leave the leadership and called a party congress to elect a new leader. Diogo Freitas do Amaral , former party leader and defeated candidate in

3850-421: The party. The ballot results gave Canavarro a landslide victory. The results were the following: The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. The total number of MPs was reduced in 1989, during the Constitutional amendments, to 230 from the previous 250. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government

3920-408: The period following the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974 that put an end to Caetano's dictatorship , Guterres became involved in Socialist Party leadership and held the following offices: Guterres was a member of the team that negotiated the terms of Portugal's entry into the European Union in the late 1970s. He was a founding member of the Portuguese Refugee Council in 1991. In 1992, after

3990-458: The population of Syria's Eastern Ghouta was living in "hell on earth". In one district, 93% of buildings had been damaged or destroyed by December, according to UN satellite imagery analysis. A recent wave of bombings has caused further destruction. Guterres called the 2018 North Korea–United States summit a "crucial milestone" for nuclear disarmament . He urged both sides to "seize this momentous opportunity" and offered UN assistance to achieve

4060-483: The previous six years, and the public sector's share of GDP halved from 11% in 1994 to 5.5% five years later. Share ownership was also widened, with 800,000 people investing in Portugal Telecom upon its privatization in 1996 and 750,000 applying for shares in Electricidade de Portugal . In 1998, Guterres presided over Expo 98 in Lisbon, commemorating the 500th anniversary of the voyage of Vasco da Gama . Also in 1998, two nationwide referendums were held. The first one

4130-429: The removal of homosexuality from the list of mental illnesses by the World Health Organization in 1990, Guterres said, in 1995, that "he did not like homosexuality" and that it was "something that bothered him". On foreign policy, Guterres campaigned for United Nations intervention in East Timor in 1999, after it was virtually destroyed by Indonesian-backed militias when it voted for independence . He also finalized

4200-479: The request. Guterres left office on 31 December 2015, having served the second-longest term as High Commissioner in the organization's history, after Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan . In 2015, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa appointed Guterres to serve as a Member of the Council of State of Portugal ; he resigned after being appointed as the UN's 9th secretary-general. Guterres became United Nations Secretary-General on 1 January 2017, following his formal election by

4270-409: The votes, but were able to hold on to the district of Beja by a slight margin over the PSD. On the right, the CDS could not recover its past influence, mainly to the effect of tactical voting for the Social Democratic Party by right-wing voters, increasing its parliamentary group by only 1 MP. The National Solidarity Party , using a populist campaign, achieved for the first time an MP, in what would be

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4340-470: Was a popular prime minister in his first years in office. Portugal was enjoying an economic expansion that allowed the Socialists to reduce budget deficits while increasing welfare spending and creating new conditional cash transfer programs. His government also accelerated the program of privatizations that Cavaco Silva 's government had begun: 29 companies were privatized between 1996 and 1999, with proceeds from privatizations in 1996–97 greater than those of

4410-467: Was completely unacceptable that there be UN forces committing human rights violations such as rape and sexual violence. "All of us together—states and UN—must do our utmost to ensure that any kind of action of this type is severely punished," he said. The United States raised the question of international tribunals to try peacekeepers for their crimes. Guterres responded by saying an independent jurisdiction would be excellent but that "the only way to get there

4480-443: Was granted in a papal bull, Ad ea ex quibus , on 14 March 1319. There exists also a parallel Supreme Order of Christ of the Holy See , the Order of Christ of the House of Orléans-Braganza , and the Order of Christ of Kongo. The order's origins lie in the Knights Templar , founded circa 1118. The Templars were persecuted by the king of France and eventually disbanded by the pope in 1312. King Dinis I of Portugal created

4550-463: Was held in June and asked voters whether abortion rules should be liberalized. The Socialist Party split over the issue of liberalization, and Guterres led the anti-abortion side, which eventually won the referendum. A second referendum was held in November, this time over the regionalization of the mainland . Both Guterres and his party supported such an administrative reform, but the voters rejected it. Contrary to his party's stance and following

4620-404: Was marked by a fundamental organizational reform, cutting staff and administrative costs in the UNHCR's Geneva head office and expanding UNHCR's emergency response capacity during the worst displacement crisis since the Second World War. From 19 to 23 March 2006, Guterres visited Beijing , China, and expressed his objection to repatriation of North Korean refugees by the Chinese government. In

4690-424: Was not as successful, however. Internal party conflicts, an economic slowdown, and the Hintze Ribeiro Bridge disaster damaged his authority and popularity. Nevertheless, some long-lasting measures were taken during his second term: in October 2000, the Parliament approved the decriminalization of drug use (effective 1 July 2001) and in March 2001, same-sex civil unions were legalized. In December 2001, following

4760-505: Was spied on by U.S. intelligence . Previously, the U.S. and other Western nations had accused Guterres to be overly soft on Russian president Vladimir Putin . In May 2023, Guterres stated that peace negotiations to end the Russo-Ukrainian War were "not possible at this moment", saying it was clear that Russia and Ukraine "are completely absorbed in this war" and "are convinced that they can win." Order of Christ (Portugal) Heavily swayed by Philip IV of France , Pope Clement had

4830-492: Was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 2005 to 2015. Guterres was elected secretary-general in October 2016 , succeeding Ban Ki-moon at the beginning of the following year and becoming the first European to hold this office since Kurt Waldheim in 1981. Guterres was born in parish of Santos-o-Velho , in the municipality of Lisbon , Portugal , the son of Virgílio Dias Guterres (1913–2009) and Ilda Cândida dos Reis Oliveira Guterres (1923–2021). He attended

4900-416: Was widely considered a very effective PR move, Guterres appointed American actress Angelina Jolie as his special envoy to represent UNHCR and himself at the diplomatic level in 2012. Together they visited the Kilis Oncupinar Accommodation Facility in Turkey (2012); the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan (2013); and the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta (2015). They also appeared jointly before

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