This is an accepted version of this page
152-565: Anthony Norman Albanese ( / ˌ æ l b ə ˈ n iː z i / AL -bə- NEE -zee or / ˈ æ l b ə n iː z / AL -bə-neez ; born 2 March 1963) is an Australian politician serving as the 31st and current prime minister of Australia since 2022. He has been the leader of the Labor Party (ALP) since 2019 and the member of parliament (MP) for the New South Wales division of Grayndler since 1996. Albanese previously served as
304-525: A Contiki tour , and Eastern Europe and Scandinavia as a backpacker . Upon returning to Australia, he began dating Carmel Tebbutt , with whom he would holiday in Europe and South-East Asia, plus a backpacking trip to India in 1991. Sometime during his 20s, Albanese also took part in a tour of the United States by the U.S. State Department , with a thematic focus on the interaction of advocacy groups with
456-711: A Quadrilateral Security Dialogue meeting with fellow world leaders: US president Joe Biden , Indian prime minister Narendra Modi and Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida . At the meeting, Albanese committed his new government to the goals of the Quad and confirmed that his government would seek to take stronger action in reducing carbon emissions. On 5 June, Albanese and Penny Wong visited Indonesian president Joko Widodo in Jakarta to develop Australia–Indonesia relations . Albanese said he would not "publicly intervene" to prevent WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange from being extradited to
608-415: A bid for Australia and its Pacific island neighbours to host the 2024 United Nations Climate Change conference . In late-2022, his government announced reforms to the "safeguard mechanism", an emissions trading scheme that requires Australia's largest carbon emitters to keep their emissions under a "baseline limit", either by reducing them, or by purchasing carbon credits . The mechanism was introduced by
760-505: A cause to which he was particularly dedicated. In 1998 he unsuccessfully moved a private member's bill that would have given same-sex couples the same rights to superannuation as de facto heterosexual couples. Over the next nine years, he tried three more times without success, until the election of the Rudd government in 2007 saw the legislation passed. Albanese subsequently turned his attention to campaigning for same-sex marriage. In 1998, Albanese
912-521: A desire to regulate inter-colonial tariffs . Tensions existed, however, between the larger colonies and the smaller ones, and in the degree to which each colony embraced protectionist policies. Those tensions and the outbreak of the American Civil War harmed the political case for federalism in the 1850s and 1860s. In 1889 the Federal Council of Australasia was established. It arose out of
1064-454: A fear of the growing presence of German and French colonies in the Pacific, and a growing Australian identity. The council could legislate on certain subjects but did not have a permanent secretariat, an executive, or independent source of revenue. Perhaps most problematically New South Wales , the largest colony, did not join the body. A series of conferences to discuss federalism was promoted by
1216-563: A majority in the House of Representatives (which has been either the Labor Party or the Liberal Party since the 1940s). Responsible government has always required the prime minister and government to have the confidence of a majority of the lower house in order to govern, however the emergence of strong parties with members strongly punished for voting against party policy (also known as crossing
1368-589: A new draft which contained substantially the same principles of government as the 1891 draft, but with added provisions for responsible government . Some delegates to the 1898 constitutional convention favoured a section similar to the bill of rights of the United States Constitution , but this was decided against. This remains the case, with the Constitution only protecting a small and limited number of constitutional rights . To ensure popular support,
1520-737: A referendum bill being approved at a national referendum. A national referendum under this section requires a double majority to be valid, which consists of a majority of votes nationally, and a majority of votes in a majority of states. The Constitution also contains a schedule setting out the wording of the oath and affirmation of allegiance. Under section 42, parliamentarians are required to take this oath or affirmation before taking their seat. The oath or affirmation reads: I, A.B. , do swear [or solemnly and sincerely affirm and declare] that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Her heirs and successors according to law. [Optionally:] SO HELP ME GOD! ... (NOTE— The name of
1672-468: A republic are the subject of significant contemporary debate. The most recent referendum occurred on 14 October 2023, in which a proposed amendment to establish an Indigenous Voice to Parliament was rejected. Political movements to federate the Australian colonies grew to prominence in the mid 19th century. Multiple motivations existed for increased political co-operation between the colonies; including
SECTION 10
#17330936152811824-799: A right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council from the High Court remained. Several colonial chief justices and other conservative and financial interests had called for amendments to be made in London, with the British government also objecting to the proposed bill. Businessmen feared that an Australian court would be unduly influenced by local interests, whilst the UK wished to ensure that no local judgments would cause embarrassment internationally or within
1976-493: A state government and the reverse. Section 116 forbids the Commonwealth to establish a national religion, to impose any religious observance or prohibit the free exercise of any religion, or to impose a religious test for office. Chapter VI: New States allows for the establishment or admission of new states, and allows Parliament to provide for representation of the territories. It also provides that state boundaries must require
2128-504: A student, he joined the Labor Party and later worked as a party official and research officer before entering Parliament. Albanese was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1996 election , winning the seat of Grayndler in New South Wales . He was first appointed to the shadow cabinet in 2001 by Simon Crean and went on to serve in a number of roles, eventually becoming Manager of Opposition Business in 2006. After Labor's victory in
2280-596: A submission to the Fair Work Commission in support of an increase to the national minimum wage. On 2 June 2023, the Albanese government contributed to a decision by the Fair Work Commission with another letter encouraging a rise in the minimum wage in line with inflation. The government announced that a submission had been formally made to the commission on 3 June 2022 and that a "deliberate" policy of lower wages
2432-491: A vote of no confidence in the government or due to a failure to pass supply through the lower house. In either event, the prime minister is required by convention to either resign or call an election. Whether a prime minister is required to resign or call an election following an inability to pass supply through the Senate was the animating issue of the 1975 constitutional crisis . In that event, governor-general Sir John Kerr dismissed
2584-561: A voyage from Sydney to Southampton , England , on the Sitmar Line 's TSS Fairsky , where his father worked as a steward, but did not continue their relationship afterwards, going their separate ways. Growing up, Albanese was told that his father had died in a car accident; he did not meet his father, who was in fact still alive, until 2009, tracking him down initially with the assistance of John Faulkner , Carnival Australia's CEO Ann Sherry (the parent company of P&O , which acquired
2736-870: Is the Lodge in Canberra . Most prime ministers have chosen the Lodge as their primary residence because of its security facilities and close proximity to Parliament House. There have been some exceptions, however. James Scullin preferred to live at the Hotel Canberra (now the Hyatt Hotel) and Ben Chifley lived in the Hotel Kurrajong . More recently, John Howard used the Sydney prime ministerial residence, Kirribilli House , as his primary accommodation. On her appointment on 24 June 2010, Julia Gillard said she would not be living in
2888-617: Is a written constitution , that establishes the country as a federation under a constitutional monarchy governed with a parliamentary system . Its eight chapters sets down the structure and powers of the three constituent parts of the federal level of government: the Parliament , the Executive Government and the Judicature . The Constitution was drafted between 1891 and 1898 at a series of conventions conducted by representatives of
3040-529: Is also present, which such decisions also colloquially called "captain's calls". The prime minister also has significant influence in the setting of foreign policy, through their role as chair of the National Security Committee , a sub-committee of cabinet whose decisions do not need to be endorsed by the cabinet as a whole. The prime minister is also the responsible minister for the Department of
3192-534: Is currently the Ambassador to the United States. The deputy prime minister becomes acting prime minister if the prime minister is unable to undertake the role for a short time, for example if they are ill, overseas or on leave (and if both are unavailable, then another senior minister takes on this role). The Acts Interpretation Act 1901 confers upon acting ministers "the same power and authority with respect to
SECTION 20
#17330936152813344-458: Is entitled to become prime minister and form a government. Generally, a party or coalition will have a majority in the lower house in order to provide confidence, however in periods of minority government, the larger party will rely on confidence and supply from minor parties or independents. By convention, the prime minister must be a member of the lower house. The only case where a member of the Senate
3496-542: Is escorted by police vehicles from state and federal authorities. Politicians, including prime ministers, are usually granted certain privileges after leaving office, such as office accommodation, staff assistance, and a Life Gold Pass which entitles the holder to travel within Australia for non-commercial purposes at government expense. In 2017, then prime minister Malcolm Turnbull said the pass should be available only to former prime ministers, though he would not use it when he
3648-402: Is the first Italian-Australian prime minister in the country's history. Albanese secured confidence and supply from several crossbenchers in the event that he was unable to form majority government . However, on 30 May, it was projected that Labor had won at least 76 seats, enough to win a majority for the first time at the federal level since the 2007 election . Albanese's full ministry
3800-456: The High Court of Australia . The document may only be amended by referendum , through the procedure set out in section 128 . This requires a double majority : a nationwide majority as well as a majority of voters in a majority of states. Only eight of the 45 proposed amendments put to a referendum have passed. Proposals to amend the document to recognise Indigenous Australians and to become
3952-610: The 1947 New Year Honours . In addition to these honours, all deceased former prime ministers of Australia currently have federal electorates named after them. The most newly created of these electorates is the Division of Hawke , named in honour of the recently deceased Bob Hawke in 2021. The longest-serving prime minister was Robert Menzies , who served in office twice: from 26 April 1939 to 28 August 1941, and again from 19 December 1949 to 26 January 1966. In total Robert Menzies spent 18 years, 5 months and 12 days in office. He served under
4104-429: The 2007 election , Albanese was appointed Leader of the House , and was also made Minister for Regional Development and Local Government and Minister for Infrastructure and Transport . In the subsequent leadership tensions between Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard from 2010 to 2013, Albanese was publicly critical of the conduct of both, calling for party unity. After supporting Rudd in the final leadership ballot between
4256-449: The 2022 NATO Madrid summit to discuss security threats facing the Pacific region. On 30 June, Albanese met with French president Emmanuel Macron in Paris to "reset" Australia–France relations , which had been damaged following the cancellation of a submarine deal by the preceding government. The next day, Albanese travelled to Ukraine to meet with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy , making him
4408-571: The Australian Capital Territory . At Albanese's first press conference as Prime Minister, the podium flags in the blue room at Parliament were changed to include Indigenous and Torres Strait Islander flags in addition to the Australian flag . Upon the opening of the new Parliament , both flags began to be displayed in the House of Representatives and Senate chambers. On 25 May 2022, in one of its first acts upon coming to government,
4560-482: The Australian Capital Territory . Canberra was built within it and declared the national capital in 1913. Section 126 permits the governor-general to appoint deputies. Section 127 provided that "aboriginal natives" were not to be included in headcounts for electoral purposes. That section was removed by referendum in 1967. Chapter VIII: Alteration of the Constitution is a single section providing for amendments. It prescribes that alterations may only occur through
4712-763: The Australian Federal Police College when in Canberra. During his first term, Rudd had a staff at the Lodge consisting of a senior chef and an assistant chef, a child carer, one senior house attendant, and two junior house attendants. At Kirribilli House in Sydney, there are a full-time chef and a full-time house attendant. The official residences are fully staffed and catered for both the prime minister and their family. In addition, both have extensive security facilities. These residences are regularly used for official entertaining, such as receptions for Australian of
Anthony Albanese - Misplaced Pages Continue
4864-574: The British Empire . Additionally, the restriction went against plans to create a new court of appeal for the whole empire. Following the amendment, restrictions on Privy Council appeals for some constitutional cases remained, with any further restrictions on appeals imposed by the Australian Parliament required to be "reserved for Her Majesty's Pleasure", meaning subject to approval by the UK government. After this and some other minor changes,
5016-692: The Camperdown Children's Hospital . His grandfather died in 1970, and the following year his mother married James Williamson. He was given his stepfather's surname, but the marriage lasted only 10 weeks, as Williamson proved to be an abusive alcoholic. Albanese's mother worked part-time as a cleaner but suffered from chronic rheumatoid arthritis , with the family surviving on her disability pension and his grandmother's age pension. Albanese attended St Joseph's Primary School in Camperdown and then St Mary's Cathedral College . After finishing school, he worked for
5168-739: The Commonwealth Bank for two years before studying economics at the University of Sydney . There, he became involved in student politics and was elected to the Students' Representative Council . It was also there where he started his rise as a key player in the ALP's Labor Left . During his time in student politics, Albanese led a group within Young Labor that was aligned with the left faction's Hard Left, which maintained "links with broader left-wing groups, such as
5320-670: The Commonwealth of Australia . The prime minister is the chair of the Cabinet of Australia and thus the head of the federal executive government . Under the principles of responsible government , the prime minister is both responsible to and a member of the Commonwealth Parliament . The current prime minister is Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party , who assumed the office on 23 May 2022. The role and duties of
5472-480: The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act became law after receiving royal assent on 9 July 1900. This act, also known as the covering act, also authorised the Queen to proclaim the actual act of federation , which was done by Queen Victoria on 17 September 1900, to take effect on 1 January 1901. Prior to this Western Australia then agreed to join the Commonwealth to ensure it would be an "original state" alongside
5624-723: The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act from the Public Record Office in London was lent to Australia for the purposes of the Australian Bicentenary . The Australian Government requested permission to keep the copy, and the British Parliament agreed by passing the Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990 . The copy was given to the National Archives of Australia . A curiosity of
5776-528: The Communist Party of Australia , People for Nuclear Disarmament and the African National Congress ". Albanese's mother died in 2002. After completing his economics degree in 1984, Albanese took on a role as a research officer to the then Minister for Local Government and Administrative Services , Tom Uren , who became a mentor to him. In 1989, the position of Assistant General Secretary of
5928-422: The House of Representatives , he spoke about the building of a third runway at Sydney Airport , aircraft noise and the need to build a second airport to service Sydney, as well as his support for funding public infrastructure in general, multiculturalism , native title , the social wage and childcare. He concluded by saying, "For myself, I will be satisfied if I can be remembered as someone who will stand up for
6080-627: The Parliament of the United Kingdom . It came into effect on 1 January 1901 at which point the six colonies became states within the new Commonwealth of Australia. The Constitution is the primary, but not exclusive, source of Australian constitutional law , alongside constitutional conventions , state constitutions , the Statute of Westminster 1931 , the Australia Acts 1986 , prerogative instruments and judicial interpretations of these laws by
6232-646: The Privy Council of the United Kingdom was accepted by all prime ministers until 1983 (with the exception of Alfred Deakin, Chris Watson and Gough Whitlam), with Malcolm Fraser being the last prime ministerial appointee. Since its introduction in 1975, former prime ministers of Australia have been appointed to the Order of Australia and to its highest level – Companion: Whitlam (1978), Fraser (1988), Gorton (1988), Howard (2008), Gillard (2017), Rudd (2019), Abbott (2020), and Turnbull (2021). Keating refused appointment in
Anthony Albanese - Misplaced Pages Continue
6384-517: The Turnbull government in 2016, but failed to reduce emissions as the rules were often left unenforced. In March 2023, the Albanese government received the necessary support to pass the legislation from the Greens , who negotiated a "hard cap" on emissions that cannot be offset by carbon credits. The bill was passed on 30 March 2023, marking the most significant piece of climate change legislation passed through
6536-483: The Westminster system were thought to be sufficiently entrenched in Australia by the authors of the Constitution that it was deemed unnecessary to detail these. Indeed, prior to Federation in 1901 the terms "premier" and "prime minister" were used interchangeably for the head of government in a colony. Following a resignation in other circumstances or the death of a prime minister, the governor-general generally appoints
6688-469: The deputy prime minister as the new prime minister, until or if such time as the governing party or senior coalition party elects an alternative party leader. This has resulted in the party leaders from the Country Party (now named National Party ) being appointed as prime minister, despite being the smaller party of their coalition. This occurred when Earle Page became caretaker prime minister following
6840-478: The premier of New South Wales Henry Parkes ; the first held in 1890 at Melbourne, and another at Sydney in 1891. These conferences were attended by most colonial leaders. By the 1891 conference the federalist cause gained momentum. Discussion turned to what the proper system of federal government ought to be. A draft constitution was drawn up at the conference under the guidance of Sir Samuel Griffith , but these meetings lacked popular support. An additional problem
6992-459: The "covering clauses". The second covering clause is interpretive, specifying that throughout the Act references to "the Queen" are references to "Her Majesty's heirs and successors in the sovereignty of the United Kingdom". Considering the emergence of a separate Australian monarchy, on one view the plain reading of this section suggests that it ensures that whoever is the monarch of the UK is automatically
7144-418: The 15th deputy prime minister under the second Rudd government in 2013. He held various ministerial positions from 2007 to 2013 in the governments of Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard . Albanese was born in Sydney to an Italian father and an Irish-Australian mother, who raised him as a single parent . Albanese attended St Mary's Cathedral College and studied economics at the University of Sydney . As
7296-481: The 1898 draft was presented to the electors of each colony. After one failed attempt, an amended draft was submitted to the electors of each colony except Western Australia . After ratification by the five colonies, the bill was presented to the British Imperial Parliament with an address requesting Queen Victoria to enact the bill. Prior to the bill's enactment, a final change was made to ensure that
7448-471: The 1940s, the prime minister has asserted their authority to select the governor-general alone, instead of this being a cabinet decision. The power is exercised through advice to the King of Australia , who holds the de jure power to make the appointment and is by convention bound to accept such advice. The prime minister can also advise the monarch to dismiss the governor-general, though it remains unclear how quickly
7600-399: The 1970s. Prior to that, in accordance with longstanding Australian constitutional practice, convention held that an outgoing prime minister would stay on as a caretaker until the full election results were tallied. Starting with the 1972 Australian federal election on 2 December 1972, Gough Whitlam and his deputy were sworn in on 5 December 1972 to form an interim government for two weeks, as
7752-417: The 1997 Australia Day Honours, saying that he had long believed honours should be reserved for those whose work in the community went unrecognised and that having been Prime Minister was sufficient public recognition. Bob Hawke was appointed a Companion in 1979, for service to trade unionism and industrial relations, before becoming prime minister in 1983. Menzies was appointed to the higher grade of Knight of
SECTION 50
#17330936152817904-478: The 2019 election and led his party to the 2022 election, but was defeated and lost his title as prime minister. Lists of the 31 people who have so far held the premiership: Constitution of Australia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Constitution of Australia (also known as the Commonwealth Constitution ) is the fundamental law that governs the political structure of Australia . It
8056-524: The Albanese government allowed the Murugappan family to stay in Australia after the previous Morrison government had attempted to deport them. In February 2023, the Albanese government abolished temporary protection visas , allowing up to 19,000 asylum seekers to stay in Australia permanently. On 8 November 2023, the High Court of Australia ruled that indefinite detention of immigrants was illegal, leading to
8208-547: The Albanese government attempted to pass additional industrial relations reforms through Parliament, dubbed the Closing Loopholes bill, which aimed to ensure temporary workers employed through labour hire were paid the same wage as regular workers, criminalise wage theft and make companies responsible for industrial manslaughter , among other changes. Despite fierce opposition from the Liberal Party and business lobbies,
8360-497: The Australian Constitution. Some notable conventions include the existence of the prime minister as head of a Cabinet composed of senior ministers. Another is that the governor-general in exercising executive powers must in almost all circumstances act on the advice of the prime minister. Despite not being present explicitly in the Constitution, they are understood by the High Court to be incorporated by implication within
8512-526: The Australian parliament since the Clean Energy Act 2011 . In December 2023, the government legislated a "nature repair market" to create a biodiversity market to encourage private companies to invest in projects that protect biodiversity , and has committed to establishing a federal environmental protection agency. In his victory speech, Albanese expressed his support for the Uluru Statement from
8664-441: The Australian people. Others contend this question is ultimately not a legal one, with the binding force of the Constitution the grundnorm ( ' basic norm ' ) or starting premise of the Australian legal system. Following the 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis , there was discussion of whether to retain or replace the current constitution. Former prime minister Bob Hawke advocated for getting "rid of
8816-779: The Cabinet, he was able to argue for a doubling of the roads budget and a tenfold increase in rail investment. The establishment of Infrastructure Australia was regarded by many as a success; projects delivered through the Infrastructure Australia process included Melbourne's Regional Rail Link , the Hunter Expressway , the Ipswich Motorway , the Gold Coast light rail system G:link , the Redcliffe Peninsula railway line ,
8968-573: The Commonwealth. Chapter IV: Finance and Trade deals with commercial matters within the federation. Section 81 prescribes all Commonwealth revenue to a Consolidated Revenue Fund , and section 90 gives the Commonwealth exclusive power over custom and excise duties. Section 92 is notable for prescribing "absolutely free" trade and commerce between the states. Section 96 allows the Commonwealth to make grants on terms determined by Parliament. Section 101 sets up an Inter-State Commission , now defunct. Chapter V: The States contains provisions dealing with
9120-562: The Heart , and stated that his government would implement it in full within its first term. He pledged to hold a referendum to enshrine an Indigenous Voice to Parliament to assist the government with Indigenous issues, and recognise Indigenous Australians in Australia's constitution . The referendum was held on 14 October 2023 and the change to the Constitution was rejected by the majority of Australian voters and passed in no state or territory, bar
9272-433: The High Court (most notably in the landmark Boilermakers' case ) as giving rise of the separation of powers doctrine in Australia, most strongly between judicial and the other two powers. Chapter I: The Parliament sets up the legislative branch of government. It consists of the monarch , the Senate , and the House of Representatives . It provides for the number of representatives to attend each body, and provides that
SECTION 60
#17330936152819424-410: The High Court of Australia. The Parliament is authorised to create federal courts, and to vest the exercise of federal judicial power within the courts of the states. Section 74 (now defunct) provides for the circumstances in which an appeal may be made to the Queen in Council , section 75 provides for the High Court's jurisdiction, and section 80 guarantees trial by jury for indictable offences against
9576-443: The King or Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for the time being is to be substituted from time to time. ) Since 1901, other oaths or affirmations of office are made by prime ministers, ministers and parliamentary secretaries upon appointment to their office. The wording of these oaths are not set by statute and are set by the government of the day. Constitutional conventions are an important part of
9728-477: The Labor Party into the 2022 federal election . On the first day of campaigning, Albanese was unable to name either the official cash rate or unemployment rate, which drew criticism. On 20 April, Albanese faced prime minister Scott Morrison in a debate hosted by Sky News , with Albanese being deemed the winner through an audience vote. However, the next day, Albanese tested positive for COVID-19 , forcing him to isolate at home in Sydney. He returned to campaigning
9880-438: The Lodge until such time as she was returned to office by popular vote at the next general election , as she became prime minister by replacing an incumbent during a parliamentary term. Tony Abbott was never able to occupy the Lodge during his term (2013–15) because it was undergoing extensive renovations, which continued into the early part of his successor Malcolm Turnbull 's term. Instead, Abbott resided in dedicated rooms at
10032-459: The New South Wales branch of the Labor Party became vacant when John Faulkner was elected to the Senate . The election to replace him was closely disputed between the Labor Left's Hard Left and Soft Left groupings, with Albanese being elected with the backing of the Hard Left, taking on that role for the next six years. In 1995, he left the position to work as a senior adviser to New South Wales Premier Bob Carr . Albanese's first overseas trip
10184-423: The Opposition . In the 2022 election , Albanese led his party to victory against Scott Morrison 's Liberal-National Coalition . He was sworn in on 23 May 2022. Albanese's first acts as prime minister included proposing a change to the Constitution to include an Indigenous Voice to Parliament , updating Australia's climate targets in an effort to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, and supporting an increase to
10336-454: The Opposition and conservative media outlets, and was viewed as a breach of a pre-election promise, as Albanese had repeatedly stated he would not alter the tax cuts if elected. Despite this, the changes proved popular with the public, and the overhauled tax cuts were passed by the Senate on 27 February 2024. Albanese took his first international trip on 23 May 2022 immediately after being sworn in as prime minister when he flew to Tokyo to attend
10488-446: The Order, which is no longer awarded, in 1976. John Howard was also appointed to the Order of Merit in 2012, whose appointments are within the personal gift of the monarch. Menzies' Knight of the Order of the Thistle awarding was also in the personal gift of Queen Elizabeth II in 1963. Although not strictly an honour, one former prime minister was raised to the peerage; Stanley Bruce was created 1st Viscount Bruce of Melbourne in
10640-430: The Prime Minister and Cabinet , whose tasks include general policy development across the government, inter-governmental communications, honours and symbols policy and Indigenous government programmes. Since the emergence of the strong party system in Australia in the 1920s, prime ministers have almost always been the parliamentary leader of the party (or leader of the senior party in a coalition of parties) that has
10792-417: The Sitmar Line in 1988) and maritime historian Rob Henderson, and then later the Australian Embassy in Italy and ambassador Amanda Vanstone . He made contact with his father in 2009, visiting him a number of times in Italy, and he took his family there as well. His father died in 2014. He subsequently discovered that he had two half-siblings. During the Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis of 2017, it
10944-495: The U.S. Government. In 1990, Albanese bought a semi-detached two-bedroom house in the Inner West Sydney suburb of Marrickville . When Jeannette McHugh announced she would not seek re-election in her seat of Grayndler at the 1996 election , Albanese won preselection for the seat. The campaign was a difficult one, with aircraft noise a big political issue following the opening of the third runway at Sydney Airport , and
11096-532: The UK to appoint state governors , make laws that applied to the states and an appeal to the UK Judicial Committee of the Privy Council still existed for certain court cases. These remaining constitutional links to the United Kingdom were removed in 1986 with the passage of the Australia Act , leaving Australia fully independent of the British Parliament and legal system. In 1988, the original copy of
11248-604: The UK), and Frank Forde was re-elected to the Queensland Parliament (after his term as High Commissioner to Canada, and a failed attempt to re-enter the Federal Parliament). As well as Reid and Forde, five other prime ministers went on to hold diplomatic posts. Andrew Fisher, Joseph Cook and Stanley Bruce also served as High Commissioners to the United Kingdom, Gough Whitlam had served as Ambassador to UNESCO and Kevin Rudd
11400-508: The UK, it is theoretically possible for the separate people to be monarch of the UK and Australia via either of the countries passing diverging succession legislation. As such, to ensure that both positions are held by the same person, any succession laws must be changed in each Commonwealth realm, as was done most recently following the Perth Agreement . The Constitution Act contains a preamble. It does not discuss Western Australia due to
11552-482: The United Australia Party and the Liberal Party respectively. The shortest-serving prime minister was Frank Forde , who was appointed to the position on 6 July 1945 after the death of John Curtin , and served until 13 July 1945 when Ben Chifley was elected leader of the Australian Labor Party . The most recent prime minister to serve out a full government term in the office was Scott Morrison , who won
11704-470: The United States. Instead, he and his government engaged in what was dubbed "quiet diplomacy" with the United States, including raising the issue directly with president Biden. Assange was released from custody after striking a plea deal in June 2024. Barrister Greg Barns , who acted as a legal advisor to Assange, credited Albanese's government as "instrumental" to Assange's release. Later in June, Albanese attended
11856-466: The Whitlam government following the Senate's deferral of the government's budget and demand that they would not pass supply until the government called an election. The constitutional propriety of the governor-general's action during that period remains subject to vigorous debate. Despite the importance of the office of prime minister, the Constitution does not mention the office by name. The conventions of
12008-489: The Year finalists. The prime minister receives a number of transport amenities for official business. A Royal Australian Air Force operated Airbus KC-30A , transports the prime minister overseas, with two Boeing 737 MAX 8 planes available for shorter flights. For ground travel, the prime minister is transported in an armoured BMW 7 Series model. It is referred to as "C-1", or Commonwealth One, because of its number plate. It
12160-524: The absent Minister's statutory responsibilities". If the prime minister were to die, then the deputy prime minister would be appointed prime minister by the governor-general until the government votes for another member to be its leader. This happened when Harold Holt disappeared in 1967, when John McEwen was appointed prime minister. On the other two occasions that the prime minister has died in office, in 1939 and 1945 , Earle Page and Frank Forde , respectively, were appointed prime minister. In
12312-458: The advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows: The Constitution is divided into eight chapters, collectively containing 128 sections. The first three chapters state the respective powers of the legislature, executive, and judiciary. This split into three chapters has been interpreted by
12464-464: The ballot; however, the next day, he announced his withdrawal, citing his lack of support among the party membership. With no other candidate stepping forward, Albanese took the leadership unopposed on 30 May, with Richard Marles as his deputy. Aged 56 when he took office, he became the oldest first-time Opposition Leader in 59 years, since Arthur Calwell (aged 63) took office in 1960. Albanese unveiled his shadow ministry on 1 June 2019. Albanese led
12616-525: The blessing of Almighty God, have agreed to unite in one indissoluble Federal Commonwealth under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and under the Constitution hereby established: And whereas it is expedient to provide for the admission into the Commonwealth of other Australasian Colonies and possessions of the Queen: Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with
12768-462: The brief transition periods during changes of government or leadership elections, there have only been a handful of cases where someone other than the leader of the majority party or coalition in the House of Representatives was prime minister: Compared to other Westminster systems such as those of Canada 's federal and provincial governments, the transition from an outgoing prime minister to an incoming prime minister has been brief in Australia since
12920-472: The cabinet are chosen by the prime minister and may be removed at any time. Additionally, the prime minister chooses the portfolio of each minister and a prime minister's resignation or dismissal leads by convention to the resignation of all other ministers. The precise authority of each individual prime minister within cabinet is uncertain, as their deliberations are secret. The authority of the prime minister to make independent policy decisions apart from Cabinet
13072-402: The consent of a state before alteration by referendum. Chapter VII: Miscellaneous contains provisions on varied topics. Section 125 establishes Melbourne as the nation's temporary capital, while providing for the eventual capital to be established within New South Wales but no less than one hundred miles (160 km) from Sydney . In 1911, New South Wales ceded to the Commonwealth what is now
13224-529: The constitution we've got", and replacing the Constitution with a system that does not include states. Constitution Day is observed on 9 July, the date Queen Victoria assented to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act in 1900. The date is not a public holiday. Constitution Day was first held on 9 July 2000 to mark the centenary of the Constitution in the lead up to the Centenary of Federation . Further events have not been widely held since 2001. The day
13376-470: The death of Joseph Lyons in 1939, and when John McEwen became caretaker prime minister following the disappearance of Harold Holt in 1967. However, in 1941, Arthur Fadden became the leader of the Coalition and subsequently prime minister by the agreement of both coalition parties, despite being the leader of the smaller party in coalition, following the resignation of UAP leader Robert Menzies. Excluding
13528-444: The defeat of Labor at the 2013 election , Albanese announced his candidacy to be Leader of the Labor Party , standing against Bill Shorten . Shorten was announced as the winner after a month-long contest that was the first to involve a combined vote of MPs and rank-and-file members. Although Albanese won comfortably among party members, Shorten held a greater lead among MPs, and was subsequently elected. In October 2013, shortly after
13680-406: The document's history is that the act remains in force as a statute of the UK, despite Australia's subsequent independence. Under traditional legal theory, the Constitution is binding by virtue of the UK parliament's paramount authority over Australian law; however, various members of the High Court and some academics have expressed the view that the Constitution now derives its legal authority from
13832-446: The early 20th century, overseas travel generally required long journeys by ship. As a result, some held the position of acting prime minister for significant periods of time, including William Watt (16 months, 1918–1919), George Pearce (7 months, 1916), Alfred Deakin (6 months, 1902), Joseph Cook (5 months, 1921), James Fenton (19 weeks, 1930–1931), John Forrest (4 months, 1907), and Arthur Fadden (4 months, 1941). Fadden
13984-478: The election criticising the previous government for ignoring "long-term nation building in favour of short-term political spending". One of Albanese's first moves as Minister for Infrastructure and Transport was the establishment of an independent statutory body, Infrastructure Australia , to advise the Government on infrastructure priorities. Armed with advice from this independent body and his own persuasive skills in
14136-591: The event of inconsistency between the laws. Section 52 contains a brief list of topics that only the Commonwealth may legislate upon. Some relevant powers of the governor-general are provided here: to summon, prorogue or dissolve the Parliament, and to give or refuse royal assent to federal bills. Other matters dealt within the chapter include eligibility issues for voting or standing in elections; and miscellaneous matters regarding parliamentary procedures and allowances. Chapter II: The Executive Government sets down
14288-636: The extension of the Noarlunga Centre railway line to Seaford, South Australia and various projects along the Pacific Highway in NSW and Bruce Highway in Queensland. After Julia Gillard replaced Rudd as prime minister following the leadership spill in June 2010 she retained Albanese in his roles. Following the 2010 election , which resulted in a hung parliament , Albanese was a key player in negotiating
14440-399: The first Australian prime minister to make a diplomatic visit to Ukraine. Albanese pledged a further $ 100 million in aid to assist with the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War . On 26 September 2022, Albanese travelled to Japan to attend the state funeral of former prime minister Shinzo Abe . Prime minister of Australia The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of
14592-472: The first of whom was Edmund Barton taking office on 1 January 1901 following federation of the British colonies in Australia . The longest-serving prime minister was Robert Menzies , who served over 18 years, and the shortest-serving was Frank Forde , who served one week. In common with other political systems based on the Westminster system , the prime minister both leads the executive government and wields significant power in Parliament . Cabinet ,
14744-510: The first part of the bill was passed by the Senate on 7 December 2023. The second tranche of legislation, which introduced minimum standards for gig workers and allowed workers the right to disconnect , was passed on 8 February 2024. In November 2022, Albanese's government fulfilled its election commitment to legislate the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC), with the commission commencing on 1 July 2023. Following
14896-426: The floor ) has meant that most prime ministers and governments have significant control over the passage of bills in this house. However, bills must also be passed by the Senate (the upper house) in order to become law and the government rarely has a majority in this house, leading to some checks on the legislative powers of the government. The prime minister also controls the date of elections, through formal advice to
15048-611: The following week and, on 1 May, hosted Labor's campaign launch in Perth which was the first time any major party launched in Western Australia. At the launch, Labor unveiled policies to reduce the cost of medicine and childcare, increase manufacturing in Australia , and introduce a shared equity housing scheme to assist first-time home buyers. Albanese faced Morrison in two further debates, hosted by Channel Nine and Channel Seven , respectively. Opinion polling indicated that support for
15200-419: The government's Secure Jobs, Better Pay bill passed the Parliament. Under the new laws, unions can now negotiate multi-employer pay deals in an effort to secure wage increases across particular sectors such as child care and aged care. The law also aims to close the gender pay gap by prohibiting pay secrecy employment clauses and secures the right of workers to seek flexible working arrangements. Throughout 2023,
15352-400: The governor-general to act on the advice of ministers and the existence of cabinet and the prime minister. This was intentional on the part of the framers of the constitution, however the High Court has found these principles arise as a matter of implication. Chapter III: The Judicature sets up the judicial branch. Commonwealth judicial power is vested in a federal supreme court to be called
15504-467: The governor-general, with such elections usually occurring within a 6-month period prior to the maximum 3-year term of the House of Representatives expiring. National Cabinet , the primary inter-governmental decision-making forum between the federal government and the states, is also chaired by the prime minister. While called a cabinet, the body is merely a discussion forum and the principles of secrecy and collective decision making do not apply. Since
15656-685: The immigration intake in half to 250,000 by June 2025. In August 2023, Albanese reached an agreement with National Cabinet to build 1.2 million houses over five years. On 13 September 2023, the government passed the Housing Australia Future Fund, a $ 10 billion investment fund controlled by the Future Fund that is designed to build 30,000 new social and affordable homes over the following five years in an effort to increase housing supply. In one of his first acts as prime minister on 27 May 2022, Albanese confirmed that his government would make
15808-625: The interests of my electorate, for working-class people, for the labour movement, and for our progressive advancement as a nation into the next century." In his first year in Parliament he continued this theme, speaking in favour of the Northern Territory's euthanasia legislation , the rights of the Indigenous community in the Hindmarsh Island bridge controversy , and entitlement to superannuation for same-sex couples. This last issue became
15960-414: The largest ever Australian budget surplus. In the 2024 budget , the government posted a second consecutive surplus of $ 9.3 billion. In January 2024, the Albanese government made changes to the previously legislated stage three tax cuts , which would see individuals earning less than A$ 150,000 receive a larger tax cut than under the original plan. These changes were met with some criticism, particularly by
16112-531: The late date which it agreed to join Federation. The preamble names all states except Western Australia, mentions God and recognises that the Australian people have agreed to unite under the Constitution. It ends with the standard enacting clause of the United Kingdom , acknowledging the Queen and the UK houses of Parliament as the legal authority of the act. WHEREAS the people of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Tasmania, humbly relying on
16264-575: The leader of the majority party or coalition . In practice, this means the prime minister most often changes after an election results in a different party gaining control of the lower house or as a result of the majority party changing its leader internally between elections. The office of prime minister comes with various privileges, including the use of two official residences: The Lodge in Canberra and Kirribilli House in Sydney , as well as an office at Parliament House . Thirty-one people (thirty men and one woman) have served as prime minister,
16416-424: The leadership election, Shorten appointed Albanese Shadow Minister for Infrastructure and Transport and Shadow Minister for Tourism; he held these roles throughout Shorten's time as leader. In September 2014, Albanese was given the additional role of Shadow Minister for Cities. Following Labor's narrow loss in the 2016 federal election , it was reported by Sky News that Albanese was preparing to challenge Shorten for
16568-420: The leadership of the party. However, Albanese ruled out such a challenge, and Shorten was re-elected unopposed as Labor leader. Bill Shorten announced his resignation as Leader of the Labor Party on 18 May 2019, following Labor's unexpected defeat in the 2019 election . The day after, Albanese announced his candidacy in the subsequent leadership election . On 21 May, Chris Bowen announced he would also contest
16720-437: The leadership spill, he stated "I like fighting Tories. That's what I do." In June 2013, Rudd defeated Gillard in a final leadership election . That same ballot saw Albanese elected by the caucus as Deputy Leader of the Labor Party , and the following day Albanese was sworn in as deputy prime minister . He held this role until Labor's defeat at the 2013 election , and was replaced by Warren Truss on 18 September. Following
16872-417: The leadership. Shortly before the ballot, Albanese came out in support of Rudd, stating that he had always been unhappy with the manner of Rudd's removal. He tearfully explained how he had offered his resignation as Leader of the House to the prime minister, but that she had refused to accept it, and called on Labor to cease leadership divisions and unify. In response to a question on his personal feelings around
17024-477: The lower house (at which point they generally become leader of the opposition or resign) or through replacement by their parliamentary party colleagues. This later method has become increasingly common, with the office changing hands four times due to parliamentary spill and only twice due to an election in the period following the election defeat of John Howard in 2007 to the election of Anthony Albanese in 2022. A prime minister may also lose their position following
17176-402: The membership, Shorten won more heavily among Labor MPs and became leader. Shorten subsequently appointed Albanese to his Shadow Cabinet. After Labor's surprise defeat in the 2019 election , Shorten resigned as leader, with Albanese becoming the only person nominated in the leadership election to replace him ; he was subsequently elected unopposed as leader of the Labor Party, becoming Leader of
17328-407: The monarch of Australia as well. However, other academics have suggested that this clause merely ensures that references to "the Queen" are not restricted to whoever was the monarch at the time of the enactment (i.e. Queen Victoria) and extends the meaning of the phrase to whoever is the currently lawful monarch under Australian succession law. As these laws are not automatically the same as those of
17480-400: The monarch would act on such advice in a constitutional crisis . This uncertainty, and the possibility of a race between the governor-general and prime minister to dismiss the other, was a key question in the 1975 constitutional crisis . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] In ordinary circumstances, the leader of the party or coalition that has the confidence of the House of Representatives
17632-728: The national minimum wage . His government legislated a national anti-corruption commission , made major changes to Australian labour law and established the Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme . In foreign policy, Albanese pledged further logistical support to Ukraine to assist with the Russo-Ukrainian war , attempted to strengthen relations in the Pacific region, and held several high-level discussions with Chinese president Xi Jinping , overseeing an easing of tensions and trade restrictions put on Australia by China. He also oversaw
17784-420: The newly established No Aircraft Noise party (NAN) having polled strongly in the local area at the 1995 New South Wales election . Veteran political pundit Malcolm Mackerras predicted NAN would win the seat. However, NAN's candidate finished third, with less than 14% of the vote. Despite suffering a six-point swing against Labor, Albanese was elected with a comfortable 16-point margin. In his maiden speech to
17936-556: The official commencement of the AUKUS security pact between Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Albanese was born on 2 March 1963 at St Margaret's Hospital in the Sydney suburb of Darlinghurst . He is the son of Carlo Albanese and Maryanne Ellery. His mother was an Australian of Irish descent, while his Italian father was from Barletta in Apulia . His parents met in March 1962 on
18088-506: The other five colonies. At Federation, six British colonies became a single federated nation. Some British Imperial laws remained in force, together with those of the Australian colonies although, according to Robert Menzies , "the real and administrative legislative independence of Australia" was never challenged after federation. The power of the British Imperial Parliament to legislate with effect in Australian federal law
18240-414: The party with the most seats in Parliament. Although it was not certain on election day that Labor would win a majority of seats, it soon became apparent that no other party could realistically form a government. Accordingly, two days after the election, Albanese, deputy Labor leader Richard Marles , Jim Chalmers , Penny Wong and Katy Gallagher were sworn in as an interim five-person ministry. Albanese
18392-585: The powers of the executive government. Executive power is vested in the monarch and exercisable by the governor-general , who appoints the Federal Executive Council and is to act with its advice. The governor-general is empowered to appoint and dismiss ministers, and is the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian armed forces. However, the Constitution does not set out explicitly the constitutional conventions of responsible government that require
18544-413: The primary decision-making body of the executive government, is chaired by the prime minister. While the prime minister has been described as the " first among equals " of the other ministers that make up cabinet, they nevertheless wield primary influence in the body. They set the agenda and processes of cabinet meetings and has the final word where a collective decision cannot be reached. Ministers making up
18696-400: The prime minister (and all other ministers) must be a parliamentarians or become one within three months to be a minister. There are no term limits for the prime minister, and they are generally entitled to continue in their role whilst they retain the confidence of the lower house. Individuals most commonly cease to become prime minister after losing an election by not obtaining a majority in
18848-465: The prime minister are not described by the Australian constitution but rather defined by constitutional convention deriving from the Westminster system and responsible government . The prime minister is formally appointed by the governor-general , who is ordinarily constrained by convention to choose the parliamentarian able to command the confidence of the House of Representatives (the lower house). Since Federation , this has almost always been
19000-646: The protesters outside as "the convoy of no consequence". This caused outrage among supporters of the protest and a week later a public rally in support of the truckies was held outside Albanese's electorate office in Marrickville , New South Wales . Following a series of poor polls, leadership instability descended again on the Labor government. Former prime minister Kevin Rudd resigned as Minister for Foreign Affairs in February 2012 to unsuccessfully challenge Julia Gillard for
19152-496: The release of 148 people, some of whom had committed serious crimes. In response, the government enacted emergency legislation to put those released under strict visa conditions − including mandating the use of ankle monitoring and a mandatory curfew – and establish a preventive detention scheme to re-detain people who were found to pose a high risk to the community. On 11 December 2023, the Albanese government announced an overhaul of Australia's immigration system, with plans to cut
19304-689: The remainder awarded after leaving office. Reid ( GCB , 1916), Menzies ( AK , 1976) and Fadden (GCMG, 1958) were awarded a second knighthood after leaving office. Non-titular honours were also bestowed on former prime ministers, usually the Order of the Companions of Honour . This honour was awarded to Bruce (1927), Lyons (1936), Hughes (1941), Page (1942), Menzies (1951), Holt (1967), McEwen (1969), Gorton (1971), McMahon (1972), and Fraser (1977), mostly during office as prime minister. In almost all occasions these honours were only accepted by non-Labor/conservative prime ministers. However, appointment to
19456-409: The representatives attending both must be chosen directly by the electorate. Each electorate of the House of Representatives is apportioned equally by population, whereas senators are allocated unevenly between "original states", the territories, and future states (of which none presently exist). The House of Representatives is required to have twice as many members as the senate. Chapter I also defines
19608-472: The revelation that former prime minister Scott Morrison had secretly sworn himself into several ministerial positions , Albanese and his government successfully moved a censure motion against him in November 2022. In the 2023 Australian federal budget , the Albanese government delivered a surplus of $ 22.1 billion (equivalent to 0.9% of Australia's GDP); this was Australia's first budget surplus in 15 years, and
19760-492: The role of the monarch in relation to the Parliament, although the monarch's own powers over legislation are now regarded as defunct. The chapter notably also provides for the powers of the Commonwealth parliament. The Parliament is not granted plenary power by the Constitution. Section 51 contains a list of topics Commonwealth Parliament is permitted to legislate upon (known as the heads of power ). States may also legislate upon these topics, but Commonwealth law prevails in
19912-507: The six self-governing British colonies in Australia: New South Wales , Victoria , Queensland , Western Australia , South Australia and Tasmania . This final draft was then approved by each state in a series of referendums from 1898 to 1900. The agreed constitution was transmitted to London where, after some minor modifications, it was enacted as section 9 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 , an act of
20064-430: The states and their role in the federal system. Sections 106–108 preserve the powers of the states, section 109 provides that Commonwealth legislation prevails over that of a state to the extent of any inconsistency. Section 111 provides for surrender of state territory to the Commonwealth, section 114 forbids states to raise military forces without Commonwealth permission, and also forbids the Commonwealth to tax property of
20216-466: The support of independent members Tony Windsor and Rob Oakeshott through his role of Leader of the House. Albanese was also responsible for managing legislation through the House in the first hung parliament since the 1940s. In 2011, Albanese introduced two more major policy reforms. The first on urban planning drew on the work of Danish designer Jan Gehl and set out plans for urban design with better transport links and safety. The second, on shipping,
20368-459: The two in June 2013, Albanese was elected the deputy leader of the Labor Party and sworn in as deputy prime minister the following day, a position he held for less than three months, as Labor was defeated at the 2013 election . Rudd retired from politics, so Albanese stood against Bill Shorten in the October 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership election . Although Albanese won a large majority of
20520-493: The two major parties had reached record lows, due to high levels of support for minor parties and independent candidates. At the election on 21 May 2022, Labor was victorious over the incumbent Liberal-National Coalition , with Albanese becoming the 31st prime minister of Australia. Despite a decrease in the party's primary vote, Labor received a 3.66 percent two-party preferred swing towards it. The Coalition also lost several seats to " teal independents ", allowing Labor to become
20672-412: The vote was being finalised and the full ministry makeup was being determined. On 23 May 2022 Anthony Albanese became prime minister with an interim four person ministry, two days after his victory in the election . This rapid shift was done in order for the new PM to attend a Quad meeting scheduled shortly after the election. When the results of the election were more clearly known the entire ministry
20824-644: Was acting prime minister for a cumulative total of 676 days (over 22 months) between 1941 and 1958. Prime ministers have been granted numerous honours, typically after their period as prime minister has concluded, with a few exceptions. Nine former prime ministers were awarded knighthoods: Barton ( GCMG , 1902), Reid (GCMG, 1911), Cook (GCMG, 1918), Page (GCMG, 1938), Menzies ( KT , 1963), Fadden (KCMG, 1951), McEwen (GCMG, 1971), Gorton (GCMG, 1977), and McMahon (GCMG, 1977). Of those awarded, Barton and Menzies were knighted while still serving as prime minister, with Page awarded his before becoming prime minister, and
20976-483: Was appointed Shadow Minister for Water and Infrastructure. Following Labor's victory at the 2007 election , Albanese's rise in standing within the party was evidenced by his appointment as Minister for Infrastructure and Transport , Minister for Regional Development and Local Government and Leader of the House in the Rudd ministry . Rudd was sworn in alongside his colleagues on 3 December 2007. The Labor Party had gone to
21128-428: Was appointed a parliamentary secretary, a position which assists ministers and shadow ministers and is often a stepping stone to a full ministerial position. In 2001, Albanese was promoted to the opposition Shadow Cabinet , taking the portfolio of ageing and seniors. A 2002 reshuffle saw him become Shadow Minister for Employment Services and Training, and in 2004 he became Shadow Minister for Environment and Heritage. It
21280-422: Was appointed prime minister was John Gorton , who subsequently resigned his Senate position and was elected as the member for Higgins in the House of Representatives. The prime minister is formally appointed to the role by the governor-general under section 64 of the Australian Constitution, however their choice is limited in normal circumstances to the individual with the confidence of the lower house. However,
21432-470: Was during this latter role that then prime minister John Howard and science minister Brendan Nelson started raising the idea of nuclear power for Australia . Albanese campaigned strongly against them, as well as elements within his own party, arguing that "Nuclear energy doesn't add up economically, environmentally or socially, and after more than 50 years of debate, we still do not have an answer to nuclear proliferation or nuclear waste." In 2005, Albanese
21584-399: Was given the additional role of Shadow Minister for Water alongside his existing responsibilities, and was also appointed Deputy Manager of Opposition Business in the House. In December 2006, when Kevin Rudd first became Leader of the Labor Party, Albanese took over from Julia Gillard as Manager of Opposition Business in the House , a senior tactical role on the floor of the parliament, and
21736-705: Was in 1986, accompanying his friend Jeremy Fisher to Vanuatu . In 1987, Albanese joined his boss Tom Uren on a visit to South-East Asia, which included: a meeting of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok , Thailand; an Anzac Day dawn service at the Kanchanaburi War Cemetery with John Carrick ; and a tour of Cambodia alongside Bill Hayden 's daughter Ingrid. He then travelled extensively in 1988, visiting Zimbabwe , Zambia , Botswana , Western Europe on
21888-521: Was no longer PM. Only one prime minister who had left the Federal Parliament ever returned. Stanley Bruce was defeated in his own seat in 1929 while prime minister but was re-elected to parliament in 1931 . Other prime ministers were elected to parliaments other than the Australian federal parliament: Sir George Reid was elected to the UK House of Commons (after his term as High Commissioner to
22040-541: Was not the policy of the new government. The Fair Work Commission subsequently announced on 15 June 2022 that the minimum wage would be raised by 5.2%. The government passed new workplace harassment laws through the Parliament on 28 November 2022. The new laws are in line with Albanese's promise to implement the recommendations of the Respect@Work Report by creating a positive duty requiring employers to implement measures to prevent sexual harassment. On 2 December 2022,
22192-407: Was notable for gaining the approval of both the conservative Australian Shipowners Associations and the radical Maritime Union of Australia . However, he also attracted controversy when a convoy of trucks from North Queensland dubbed the "convoy of no confidence" descended on Canberra's Parliament House to protest against rising fuel costs and carbon pricing . During question time, Albanese labelled
22344-451: Was noted that, although birth to an Italian father would ordinarily confer citizenship by descent , Albanese had no father recorded on his birth certificate and thus meets the parliamentary eligibility requirements of section 44 of the constitution . Albanese grew up with his mother and maternal grandparents in a Sydney City Council home in the Inner West suburb of Camperdown , opposite
22496-518: Was restricted by the UK's passage in 1931 of the Statute of Westminster , adopted into Australian law by the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 . The adoption act acceded Australia to the Statute of Westminster retroactively, with the date set to 3 September 1939, when Australia along with the rest of the British Empire entered World War II. The Statute did not however remove the ability for
22648-430: Was revived in 2007 and is jointly organised by the National Archives and the Department of Immigration and Citizenship . The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp) was granted royal assent on 9 July 1900. It consists of nine sections. Section 9 contains the Constitution itself. Since the Constitution itself is divided into sections, sections 1 to 8 of the Act have come to be known for convenience as
22800-491: Was sworn in on 1 June 2022. As of 27 August 2023, Australia's prime minister is paid a total salary of A$ 586,950 . This is made up of the 'base salary' received by all members of parliament ( A$ 225,750 ) plus a 160 percent 'additional salary' for the role of prime minister. Increases in the base salary of MPs and senators are determined annually by the independent Remuneration Tribunal. The prime minister has two official residences. The primary official residence
22952-494: Was sworn in on 1 June. On 16 June 2022, Albanese submitted a new Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations which formally committed Australia to reducing carbon emissions by 43% on 2005 levels. This represented an increase from the 26 to 28% target under the previous government. In September 2022, the Albanese government passed legislation to write this climate target into law. Albanese's government also entered
23104-490: Was that this draft constitution sidestepped some critical issues like tariff policy. The 1891 draft was submitted to colonial parliaments; however, it lapsed in New South Wales. After that event other colonies were unwilling to proceed. In 1895, the six premiers of the Australian colonies agreed to establish a new convention by popular vote. The convention met over the course of a year from 1897 to 1898. The meetings produced
#280719