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38-521: (Redirected from Anomalies ) Not to be confused with Abnormality (behavior) . [REDACTED] Look up anomaly  or anomalous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Anomaly may refer to: Science [ edit ] Natural [ edit ] Anomaly (natural sciences) Atmospheric anomaly Geophysical anomaly Medical [ edit ] Congenital anomaly (birth defect),

76-583: A 2003 novel by Joey Goebel Anomaly (series) , a 2013 trilogy by Krista McGee Anomaly (graphic novel) , by Brian Haberlin The Anomaly (novel) , by French author Hervé Le Tellier Music [ edit ] Albums [ edit ] Anomaly (Ace Frehley album) (2009) Anomalies (album) (2005), by Cephalic Carnage Anomaly (The Hiatus album) (2010) Anomaly (Lecrae album) (2014) Anomalies, Vol. 1 (2010), by Cave In Songs [ edit ] " Anna Molly " (a word play on

114-499: A cause of "significant distress". A mental disorder describes a patient who has a medical condition whereby the medical practitioner makes a judgment that the patient is exhibiting abnormal behavior based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Thus, simply because a behavior is unusual it does not make it abnormal; it is only considered abnormal if it meets these criteria. The DSM-5

152-713: A chiral current Gauge anomaly , the effect of quantum mechanics that invalidates the gauge symmetry of a quantum field theory Global anomaly , in quantum physics Gravitational anomaly , an effect in quantum mechanics that invalidates the general covariance of some theories of general relativity Konishi anomaly , the violation of the conservation of the Noether current associated with certain transformations Mixed anomaly , an effect in quantum mechanics Parity anomaly , associated with parity Astronomy [ edit ] In astronomy, an anomaly of an elliptical orbit, generally measured with respect to an apsis , usually

190-561: A disorder present at birth Physical anomaly , a deformation of an anatomical structure Congenital vertebral anomaly , any of several malformations of the spine Collie eye anomaly , eye disease of dogs Coronary artery anomaly , a congenital abnormality in the heart Ebstein's anomaly , a congenital heart defect Uhl anomaly , a congenital heart disease affecting the myocardial muscle Vaginal anomalies Biology [ edit ] See also: List of congenital disorders and List of genetic disorders Anomalous ,

228-427: A period of about 26,000 years in relation to the fixed stars. These two forms of 'precession' combine so that it takes between 20,800 and 29,000 years (and on average 23,000 years) for the ellipse to revolve once relative to the vernal equinox, that is, for the perihelion to return to the same date (given a calendar that tracks the seasons perfectly). This interaction between the anomalistic and tropical cycle

266-630: A rift in the space-time continuum in the television series Futurama Anomaly, any shortcut to hyperspace travel in Robert Heinlein's novels of the 1950s, today called wormholes "Anomaly" ( Star Trek: Enterprise ) , a 2003 episode of Star Trek: Enterprise The Anomaly , a 2014 film Anomaly (comics) , a villain in DC Comics Anomaly (Primeval) , a time portal in the TV series Primeval Spatial anomaly , an extraordinary disruption in

304-698: A simple ⁠ 1 / r ⁠ inverse-square law , relating force to distance and hence execute closed elliptical orbits according to Bertrand's theorem . Non-spherical mass effects are caused by the application of external potential(s): the centrifugal potential of spinning bodies causes flattening between the poles and the gravity of a nearby mass raises tidal bulges. Rotational and net tidal bulges create gravitational quadrupole fields ( ⁠ 1 / r ⁠ ) that lead to orbital precession. Total apsidal precession for isolated very hot Jupiters is, considering only lowest order effects, and broadly in order of importance with planetary tidal bulge being

342-511: A species of moth in the Noctuid family Chromosome anomaly , a disorder caused by a structural error in a chromosome or an atypical number of chromosomes Genetic anomaly , a disorder caused by mutation Teratology , the study of developmental anomalies Physics [ edit ] Anomalous diffusion , the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration Anomalous dispersion (optics), when

380-408: A value that is only 1/6 of the correct value, at 7''/year. Einstein showed that for a planet, the major semi-axis of its orbit being a , the eccentricity of the orbit e and the period of revolution T , then the apsidal precession due to relativistic effects, during one period of revolution in radians , is where c is the speed of light . In the case of Mercury, half of the greater axis

418-435: Is historically notable, but it was never widely used and it proposed forces which have been found not to exist, making the theorem invalid. This theorem of revolving orbits remained largely unknown and undeveloped for over three centuries until 1995. Newton proposed that variations in the angular motion of a particle can be accounted for by the addition of a force that varies as the inverse cube of distance, without affecting

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456-417: Is about 5.79 × 10  m , the eccentricity of its orbit is 0.206 and the period of revolution 87.97 days or 7.6 × 10  s . From these and the speed of light (which is ~ 3 × 10  m/s ), it can be calculated that the apsidal precession during one period of revolution is ε = 5.028 × 10 radians ( 2.88 × 10 degrees or 0.104″). In one hundred years, Mercury makes approximately 415 revolutions around

494-463: Is corrected for in the Antikythera Mechanism (circa 80 BCE) (with the supposed value of 8.88 years per full cycle, correct to within 0.34% of current measurements). The precession of the solar apsides (as a motion distinct from the precession of the equinoxes), was first quantified in the second century by Ptolemy of Alexandria . He also calculated the effect of precession on movement of

532-514: Is important in the long-term climate variations on Earth, called the Milankovitch cycles . Milankovitch cycles are central to understanding the effects of apsidal precession. An equivalent is also known on Mars . The figure on the right illustrates the effects of precession on the northern hemisphere seasons, relative to perihelion and aphelion. Notice that the areas swept during a specific season changes through time. Orbital mechanics require that

570-492: Is often subjective and what is considered abnormal changes over time. For example, before 1974, homosexuality was considered to be a mental disorder in the DSM . After activist movements and examination within the APA, it was replaced with sexual orientation disturbance, then eventually completely removed from the DSM. Now, the APA and the medical community consider homosexuality normal when it

608-535: Is out of the ordinary is not necessarily indicative of a mental or psychological disorder . Abnormal behavior, on the other hand, while not a mental disorder in itself, is often an indicator of a possible mental and/or psychological disorder. A psychological disorder is defined as an "ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that causes significant distress, and is considered deviant in that person's culture or society". Abnormal behavior, as it relates to psychological disorders, would be "ongoing" and

646-405: Is some debate among professionals as to what constitutes abnormal behavior. In general, abnormal behavior is often classified under one of the "four D's," which are deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger. The four D's, as well as the criterion mentioned above, are widely used to diagnose behavior as abnormal. However, the labeling of behaviors as abnormal can be controversial because abnormality

684-423: Is that of mental illness or mental disorder. Determination of abnormality in behavior is based upon medical diagnosis . Other criteria include: A common approach to defining abnormality is a multi-criteria approach, where all definitions of abnormality are used to determine whether an individual's behavior is abnormal. For example, psychologists would be prepared to define an individual's behavior as "abnormal" if

722-419: Is the precession (gradual rotation) of the line connecting the apsides (line of apsides) of an astronomical body 's orbit . The apsides are the orbital points farthest (apoapsis) and closest (periapsis) from its primary body . The apsidal precession is the first time derivative of the argument of periapsis , one of the six main orbital elements of an orbit. Apsidal precession is considered positive when

760-695: Is used by both researchers and clinicians in diagnosing a potential mental disorder. The criteria needed to be met in the DSM-5 vary for each mental disorder. Unlike physical abnormalities in one's health where symptoms are objective, psychology health professionals cannot use objective symptoms when evaluating someone for abnormalities in behavior. There are five main criteria of abnormality. They are: Abnormal behaviors are "actions that are unexpected and often evaluated negatively because they differ from typical or usual behavior". The following criteria are subjective: The standard criteria in psychology and psychiatry

798-533: The heavenly bodies . The apsidal precessions of the Earth and other planets are the result of a plethora of phenomena, of which a part remained difficult to account for until the 20th century when the last unidentified part of Mercury's precession was precisely explained. A variety of factors can lead to periastron precession such as general relativity, stellar quadrupole moments, mutual star–planet tidal deformations, and perturbations from other planets. For Mercury,

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836-481: The Sun, and thus in that time, the apsidal perihelion due to relativistic effects is approximately 43″, which corresponds almost exactly to the previously unexplained part of the measured value. Earth's apsidal precession slowly increases its argument of periapsis ; it takes about 112,000 years for the ellipse to revolve once relative to the fixed stars. Earth's polar axis, and hence the solstices and equinoxes, precess with

874-459: The behavior is dysfunctional or undesirable, however--it may simply mean that what is being observed is statistically deviant in a social or cultural context. In fact, deviance can often be positive and accepted by others. This is commonly seen in individuals such as Nobel Prize winners, geniuses, professional athletes, and extremely creative people. Apsidal precession In celestial mechanics , apsidal precession (or apsidal advance )

912-480: The dominant term, exceeding the effects of general relativity and the stellar quadrupole by more than an order of magnitude. The good resulting approximation of the tidal bulge is useful for understanding the interiors of such planets. For the shortest-period planets, the planetary interior induces precession of a few degrees per year. It is up to 19.9° per year for WASP-12b . Newton derived an early theorem which attempted to explain apsidal precession. This theorem

950-525: The following criteria are met: A good example of an abnormal behavior assessed by a multi-criteria approach is depression : it is commonly seen as a deviation from ideal mental stability, it often stops the individual from 'functioning' in normal life, and, although it is a relatively common mental disorder, it is still statistically infrequent. Most people do not experience significant major depressive disorder in their lifetime. Thus, depression and its associated behaviors would be considered abnormal. There

988-453: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anomaly&oldid=1191587813 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Abnormality (behavior) Abnormal behavior should not be confused with unusual behavior. Behavior that

1026-460: The orbit's axis rotates in the same direction as the orbital motion. An apsidal period is the time interval required for an orbit to precess through 360°, which takes the Earth about 112,000 years and the Moon about 8.85 years. The ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus noted the apsidal precession of the Moon's orbit (as the revolution of the Moon's apogee with a period of approximately 8.85 years); it

1064-591: The other, relevant data Anomaly in software , any condition that deviates from expectation Business [ edit ] Market anomaly , a distortion in prices in a financial market Anomaly (advertising agency) , a marketing communications agency based in New York Other uses [ edit ] Anomalistics , the study of scientific anomalies Insult , "Blake you are such an anomaly" Ararat anomaly , an object on Mount Ararat in Turkey claimed to be

1102-418: The periapsis Anomalous precession , another term for "apsidal precession" Eccentric anomaly , an intermediate value used to compute the position of a celestial object as a function of time Flyby anomaly , an unexpected energy increase during the flybys of the Earth by various satellites Mean anomaly , a measure of time in the study of orbital dynamics Pioneer anomaly , the observed deviation of

1140-498: The perihelion precession rate due to general relativistic effects is 43″ ( arcseconds ) per century. By comparison, the precession due to perturbations from the other planets in the Solar System is 532″ per century, whereas the oblateness of the Sun (quadrupole moment) causes a negligible contribution of 0.025″ per century. From classical mechanics, if stars and planets are considered to be purely spherical masses, then they will obey

1178-465: The radial motion of a particle. Using a forerunner of the Taylor series , Newton generalized his theorem to all force laws provided that the deviations from circular orbits are small, which is valid for most planets in the Solar System. However, his theorem did not account for the apsidal precession of the Moon without giving up the inverse-square law of Newton's law of universal gravitation . Additionally,

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1216-520: The rate of apsidal precession calculated via Newton's theorem of revolving orbits is not as accurate as it is for newer methods such as by perturbation theory . An apsidal precession of the planet Mercury was noted by Urbain Le Verrier in the mid-19th century and accounted for by Einstein's general theory of relativity . In the 1910s, several astronomers calculated the precession of perihelion according to special relativity. They typically obtained

1254-477: The remains of Noah's Ark Irregular (disambiguation) Outlier All pages with titles beginning with Anomaly All pages with titles containing Anomaly All pages with titles beginning with Anomalous All pages with titles containing Anomalous Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Anomaly . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

1292-616: The space-time continuum in the Star Trek universe The Fortean anomaly , in the work of Charles Fort The Tycho Magnetic Anomaly (TMA) on the Moon in the novel and in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey by Sir Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick Entities in the SCP universe, often referred to as "anomalies" Video games [ edit ] Anomaly: Warzone Earth , a real time strategy video game Anomaly Korea Anomaly 2 Publications [ edit ] The Anomalies ,

1330-416: The speed of an electromagnetic wave increases with increasing frequency Anomalon , a hypothetical type of nuclear matter that shows an anomalously large reactive cross section Anomaly (physics) , a failure of a symmetry of a theory's classical action Conformal anomaly , a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory Chiral anomaly , an anomalous nonconservation of

1368-417: The trajectories of some uncrewed space probes, and especially Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 South Atlantic Anomaly , an area where the Earth's inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closest to the Earth's surface True anomaly , the angle between the direction of periapsis and the current position of an object on its orbit Arts and media [ edit ] Fictional entities [ edit ] Anomaly,

1406-438: The word "anomaly"), by Incubus "Anomaly", a 2004 song by Psyopus from the album Ideas of Reference "An Anomaly", a 2007 song by It Prevails from the album The Inspiration "The Anomaly", a 2011 song by Scar Symmetry from the album The Unseen Empire "Anomaly", a 2012 song by KB from the album Weight & Glory Technology [ edit ] Anomaly detection , the process of detecting anomalies from

1444-400: Was formerly considered abnormal. Social constructs and culture are often determiners of what is abnormal and what is abnormal. Additionally, abnormality in behavior does not necessarily indicate dysfunction. For example, one of the four D's of abnormal behavior is deviance, meaning that the behavior observed is not in alignment with what is the social or cultural norm. This may not imply that

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