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73-550: The institution was founded by Anna Leonowens in 1887 as the Victoria School of Art and Design . The school was later renamed the Nova Scotia College of Art in 1925. In 1969, the institution was renamed the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design and began to offer undergraduate degrees, becoming the first degree-granting art school in the country. The institution adopted its current name in 2003. The university opened in

146-539: A bachelor's degree prior to admission, but many institutions do not require that the candidate's undergraduate major conform with their proposed path of study in the MFA program. Admissions requirements often consist of a sample portfolio of artworks or a performance audition . The Master of Fine Arts differs from the Master of Arts in that the MFA, while still an academic program, centers-on professional artistic practice in

219-833: A non-commissioned officer in the East India Company 's Corps of Sappers and Miners, on 15 March 1829 in St James's Church, Tannah , Bombay Presidency, British India. Edwards was from London and a former cabinetmaker . Anna was born in Ahmednagar in the Bombay Presidency of Company-ruled India , on 5 November 1831, three months after the death of her father. While she was christened Ann Hariett Emma Edwards, Leonowens later changed Ann to "Anna" and Hariett to "Harriette" and ceased using her third given name (Emma). Leonowens's maternal grandfather, William Vawdrey (or Vaudrey) Glascott,

292-638: A "Save NSCAD" campaign in opposition to a merger with a larger institution. The school commissioned a report to study the idea, but the consultant found that a merger would not result in cost savings. The NSCAD board of governors therefore voted on 15 July 2014 to continue as an independent university. The university's financial position subsequently improved, and the debt had been reduced to $ 13 million as of 2015. NSCAD offers bachelor's degrees in Fine Art ( BFA ), Design ( BDes ), and Art History ( BA ). It also offers Master of Fine Arts and Master of Design degrees at

365-707: A cowboy"; this version was also banned by censors in Thailand. Leonowens appears as a character in Paul Marlowe 's novel Knights of the Sea , in which she travels from Halifax to Baddeck in 1887 to take part in a campaign to promote women's suffrage during a by-election . Leonowens kept the actual facts of her early life a closely guarded secret throughout her life, and never disclosed them to anybody, including her family. They were uncovered by researchers long after her death; their scrutiny began with her writings, especially following

438-552: A cruel, wicked man". With her granddaughter Anna, Leonowens stayed in Leipzig , Germany, until 1901. She studied Sanskrit and classical Indian literature with the renowned Indology professor Ernst Windisch of Leipzig University , while her granddaughter studied piano at the Royal Conservatory of Music . In 1901, she moved to Montreal , Quebec, where she lectured Sanskrit at McGill University . She delivered her last lecture at

511-705: A much older man. In 1847, Donohoe was seconded as assistant supervisor of public works in Aden , Yemen . Whether the rest of the family went with him or stayed in India is unsure. On 24 April 1845, Anna's 15-year-old sister, Eliza Julia Edwards, married James Millard, a sergeant-major with the 4th Troop Artillery, Indian Army in Deesa. Anna served as a witness to this marriage. Their daughter, Eliza Sarah Millard, born in 1848 in India, married on 7 October 1864 in Surat, Gujarat, India. Her husband

584-415: A neighbourhood of Mumbai) that admitted "mixed-race" children whose military fathers were either dead or absent. Leonowens later said she had attended a British boarding school and had arrived in India, a supposedly "strange land" to her, only at the age of 15. Anna's relationship with her stepfather, Donohoe, was not a happy one, and she later accused him of putting pressure on her, like her sister, to marry

657-478: A new identity as a Welsh-born lady and widow of a British army major. To support her surviving daughter Avis and son Louis, Leonowens again took up teaching and opened a school for the children of British officers in Singapore. While the enterprise was not a financial success, it established her reputation as an educator. In 1862, Leonowens accepted an offer made by the consul in Singapore, Tan Kim Ching , to teach

730-611: A portfolio for admission to an undergraduate visual arts degree program. Saturday youth courses for ages 5–18 are offered during the spring, fall, and winter terms, and week-long camps are offered during summer. Week-long March Break camps are offered during the Provincial school break. An annual Night Shift Exhibition to display student work completed in Extended Studies course is held in the Anna Leonowens Gallery located on

803-417: A process he had begun in 1868, and which would end with its total abolition in 1915. Meanwhile, Louis had accumulated debts in the U.S. by 1874 and fled the country. He became estranged from his mother and did not see her for 19 years. In the summer of 1878, she taught Sanskrit at Amherst College . In 1878, Leonowens's daughter Avis Annie Crawford Connybeare married Thomas Fyshe, a Scottish banker and

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876-514: A school for girls in the West New Brighton section of Staten Island , and she began contributing travel articles to a Boston journal, The Atlantic Monthly , including "The Favorite of the Harem", reviewed by The New York Times as "an Eastern love story, having apparently a strong basis of truth". She expanded her articles into two volumes of memoirs, beginning with The English Governess at

949-714: A shock to the town that had long claimed her as one of its most famous natives. A few months after Anna's birth, her mother remarried. The stepfather was Patrick Donohoe, an Irish Catholic corporal of the Royal Engineers . The family relocated repeatedly within Western India, following the stepfather's regiment. In 1841, they settled in Deesa , Gujarat. Anna attended the Bombay Education Society's girls school in Byculla (now

1022-456: A three-year tour through Egypt and the Middle East with the orientalist Reverend George Percy Badger and his wife. However, recent biographies consider this episode to be fictitious. Anna may have met Badger in India and listened to or read reports about his travels. Anna Edwards's husband-to-be, Thomas Leon Owens, an Irish Protestant from Enniscorthy , County Wexford , went to India with

1095-1080: A visual arts environment. The School of Extended Studies continues this tradition by offering the public a wide variety of non-credit studio and audit lecture courses in fine arts, media arts, craft and design. The School also manages the 30-credit Visual Arts Certificate for Teachers program, the 30-credit Visual Arts Certificate in Studio and the pre-university summer study credit program. Credit programs have admission requirements. Noncredit programs have no admission requirements although prerequisites must be met for some courses. The adult studio-based and audit lecture courses are available to individuals who are 16 years or older. These courses are designed to meet personal and professional development interests and to prepare for studies in an undergraduate visual arts degree program. Curricula incorporate skills, processes, and health and safety issues. New approaches and ways of seeing, analyzing, experimenting and problem solving through observation are promoted. To ensure program quality, planning

1168-520: Is a graduate degree that typically requires two to three years of postgraduate study after a bachelor's degree , though the term of study varies by country or university. Coursework is primarily of an applied or performing nature, with the program often culminating in a thesis exhibition or performance . The first university to admit students to the degree of Master of Fine Arts was the University of Iowa in 1940. A candidate for an MFA typically holds

1241-507: Is dismissed as out of character for the king by some critics. A great-granddaughter, Princess Vudhichalerm Vudhijaya (b. 21 May 1934), stated in a 2001 interview, "King Mongkut was in the monk's hood for 27 years before he was king. He would never have ordered an execution. It is not the Buddhist way." She added that the same Tuptim was her grandmother and had married Chulalongkorn as one of his minor wives. Moreover, there were no dungeons below

1314-694: Is ongoing with other areas of NSCAD University. New courses are added regularly to introduce different subject matter and in response to public demand. Saturday Children's Art Classes began in 1887 and are one of the earliest known examples of such programs in North America. Children in grades 1 – 6 participate in a variety of fun age-appropriate activities that introduce basic visual arts skills. Teen Art Studio courses for students in Grades 7 -12 introduce fundamental visual art skills and processes, introduce NSCAD facilities and provide older teens an opportunity to build

1387-541: The 28th Regiment of Foot in 1843. From a private, he rose to the position of paymaster's clerk (rather than the army officer suggested by her memoir) in 1844, serving first in Poona , and from December 1845 until 1847 in Deesa. Biographer Alfred Habegger characterises him as "well read and articulate, strongly opinionated, historically informed, and almost a gentleman". Anna Edwards, who was seven years his junior, fell in love with him. However, her mother and stepfather objected to

1460-491: The Nang Harm , or royal harem . She emphasised that although Mongkut had been a forward-looking ruler, he had desired to preserve customs such as prostration and sexual slavery that seemed unenlightened and degrading. The sequel, Romance of the Harem (1873), incorporates tales based on palace gossip, including the king's alleged torture and execution of one of his concubines, Tuptim. The story lacks independent corroboration and

1533-700: The 1860's; and... re-write it with a wealth of circumstantial detail". Moffat noted in his biography of King Mongkut that Leonowens "carelessly leaves proof of her transposed plagiarism". The fact that Leonowens's claimed birth in Caernarfon was fabricated was first uncovered by W. S. Bristowe , an arachnologist and frequent visitor to Thailand, who was researching a biography of her son Louis. Bristowe failed to locate Louis's certificate of birth in London (as claimed by Anna), prompting further research that led to him identifying her origins in India. His findings were published in

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1606-528: The 1976 book Louis and the King of Siam , and later writers have expanded on this line of research, including Leslie Smith Dow in Anna Leonowens: A Life Beyond The King and I (1991) and Susan Kepner in her 1996 paper "Anna (and Margaret) and the King of Siam". More recent full-length scholarly biographies by Susan Morgan ( Bombay Anna , 2008) and Alfred Habegger ( Masked: The Life of Anna Leonowens, Schoolmistress at

1679-522: The Anna Leonowens Gallery, founded in 1968. The gallery hosts exhibitions of the work of undergraduate and graduate students, faculty members, visiting artists and curators. The Port Campus hosts the Treaty Space Gallery and Port Loggia Gallery. The university was also formerly home to the Seeds Gallery, a non-profit gallery where students and alumni could show and sell their work. This made NSCAD

1752-624: The British merchants and traders of the area. In 1868, Leonowens was on leave for her health in England and had been negotiating a return to the court on better terms when Mongkut fell ill and died . The King mentioned Leonowens and her son in his will, though they did not receive a legacy. The new monarch, fifteen-year-old Chulalongkorn , who succeeded his father, wrote Leonowens a warm letter of thanks for her services. He did not invite her to resume her post, but they corresponded amicably for many years. At

1825-743: The Commissariat in Perth. The Leonowens family left Australia abruptly in April 1857, sailing to Singapore, and then moving to Penang , where Thomas found work as a hotel keeper. In or before the first week of May 1859, Thomas Leonowens died of " apoplexy " and was buried (7 May 1859) in the Protestant Cemetery in Penang. His death left Anna Leonowens an impoverished widow. Of their four children, two had died in infancy. She returned to Singapore, where she created

1898-629: The Court of Siam , 2014) brought widespread attention to Leonowens's actual life story. Chakri dynasty Kings Viceroys Deputy Viceroy Crown Prince Hereditary Prince Royalty Siamese Foreigners Key events Master of Fine Arts A Master of Fine Arts ( MFA or M.F.A. ) is a terminal degree in fine arts , including visual arts , creative writing , graphic design , photography , filmmaking , dance , theatre , other performing arts and in some cases, theatre management or arts administration . It

1971-680: The Grand Palace or anywhere else in Bangkok as the high ground-water level would not allow this. Nor are there any accounts of a public burning by other foreigners staying in Siam during the same period as Leonowens. While in the United States, Leonowens also earned much-needed money through popular lecture tours. At venues such as the house of Mrs. Sylvanus Reed in Fifty-third Street, New York City , in

2044-640: The King of Siam (1944), as well as adaptations for other media such as Rodgers and Hammerstein 's 1951 musical The King and I . During the course of her life, Leonowens also lived in Western Australia , Singapore and Penang , the United States , Canada and Germany . In later life, she was a lecturer of Indology and a suffragist. Among other achievements, she co-founded the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design . Anna Leonowens's mother, Mary Ann Glascott, married her father, Sergeant Thomas Edwards,

2117-560: The King of Siam (1961). Moffat donated the Pramoj brothers' manuscript to the Library of Congress in 1961. Landon had, however, created the iconic image of Leonowens, and "in the mid-20th century she came to personify the eccentric Victorian female traveler". The novel was adapted as a hit musical by Rodgers and Hammerstein , The King and I (1951), starring Gertrude Lawrence and Yul Brynner , which ran 1,246 performances on Broadway and

2190-835: The NSCAD Granville campus. Family and friends are encouraged to attend this popular exhibit and enjoy a variety of different works of art created by all ages. Under the direction of Kennedy, The Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design was established as a vehicle to publish books by and about leading contemporary artists. The Press was important in establishing the university's international reputation. Between 1972 and 1987, 26 titles by such artists as Michael Snow , Steve Reich , Gerhard Richter and Yvonne Rainer were published. The Press re-launched in 2002. Anna Leonowens Anna Harriette Leonowens (born Ann Hariett Emma Edwards ; 5 November 1831 – 19 January 1915)

2263-543: The Nova Scotia College of Art under the leadership of its president Dr. Frederick Sexton . One of the notable artists to be associated with the school in its early years was Arthur Lismer , who was a member of the Group of Seven and spent several years as the school president. Elizabeth Styring Nutt succeeded Lismar as president in 1919, serving until 1943. New Brunswick-born artist Donald Cameron MacKay, who prior to World War II had been vice-principal, after war service assumed

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2336-504: The Rodgers and Hammerstein film and musical were banned by the government. The 1946 film version of Anna and the King of Siam , starring Rex Harrison as Mongkut and Irene Dunne as Anna, was allowed to be shown in Thailand, although it was banned in newly independent India as an inaccurate insult by Westerners to an Eastern king. In 1950, the Thai government did not permit the film to be shown for

2409-468: The Siamese court . Leonowens served at court until 1867, a period of nearly six years, first as a teacher and later as language secretary for the King. Although her position carried great respect and even a degree of political influence, she did not find the terms and conditions of her employment to her satisfaction. And, despite her position at the king's court, she was never invited into the social circle of

2482-511: The Siamese Court (1870), which earned her immediate fame but also brought charges of sensationalism . In her writing, she casts a critical eye over court life; the account is not always a flattering one, and has become the subject of controversy in Thailand , and she has also been accused of exaggerating her influence with the king. There have also been claims of fabrication: the likelihood of

2555-509: The Siamese royal cavalry and a teak trader. From his marriage to Caroline Knox—a daughter of Sir Thomas George Knox , the British consul-general in Bangkok, and his Thai wife, Prang Yen —he had two children, aged two and five years. After the death of his wife, he entrusted them to his mother's care, who took them with her to Canada, while Louis returned to Siam. Anna Leonowens met Chulalongkorn again when both visited London in 1897, thirty years after she had left Siam. During this audience,

2628-573: The Union Building in 1887. It was founded by Anna Leonowens (of Anna and the King of Siam fame). It was originally called the Victoria School of Art and Design to commemorate Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee. It moved to the Halifax Academy in 1890. From 1898 to 1910, Henry Mortikar Rosenberg was the principal. In 1903 the school moved to the old National School. In 1925, it was renamed

2701-640: The Western Australian coast, the Alibi was almost wrecked on a reef. Ten days later, Anna, Thomas, their newborn son and Glasscott arrived in Perth . Glasscott and Thomas Leonowens quickly found employment as clerks in the colonial administration. Later in 1853, Glasscott accepted a position as government commissariat storekeeper at Lynton , a small and remote settlement that was the site of Lynton Convict Depot . Glasscott became involved in frequent disagreements with

2774-423: The abrasive resident magistrate , William Burges . Within three years, Glasscott had returned to India and taken up a career in teaching, before dying suddenly in 1856. Anna Leonowens – using her middle name of Harriett – tried to establish a school for young ladies. In March 1854, the infant Thomas died at the age of 13 months, and, later that year, a daughter, Avis Annie, was born. In 1855, Thomas Leonowens

2847-542: The age of 27, Louis Leonowens returned to Siam and was granted a commission of Captain in the Royal Cavalry. Chulalongkorn made reforms for which his former tutor claimed some of the credit, including the abolition of the practice of prostration before the royal person. However, many of those same reforms were goals that had been established by his father. By 1869, Leonowens was in New York City, where she briefly opened

2920-533: The age of 78. Anna Leonowens died on 19 January 1915, at 83 years of age. She was interred in Mount Royal Cemetery in Montreal . The headstone identifies her as the "Beloved Wife of Major Thomas Lorne Leonowens", despite her husband never having risen beyond the rank of paymaster sergeant. Margaret Landon 's novel Anna and the King of Siam (1944) provides a fictionalised look at Anna Leonowens's years at

2993-415: The argument over slavery, for example, when King Mongkut was for 27 years a Buddhist monk and later abbot, before ascending to the throne. It is thought that his religious training and vocation would never have permitted the views expressed by Leonowens's cruel, eccentric and self-indulgent monarch. Even the title of her memoir is inaccurate, as she was neither English nor did she work as a governess: Her task

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3066-555: The cashier (general manager) of the Bank of Nova Scotia in Halifax , where she resided for nineteen years as she continued to travel the world. This marriage ended the family's money worries. Leonowens resumed her teaching career and taught daily from 9 am to 12 noon for an autumn half at the Berkeley School of New York at 252 Madison Avenue, Manhattan , beginning on 5 October 1880; this

3139-501: The decision and blamed the gallery's financial woes on the decision to relocate it to the Seaport. It stated that the gallery had been on the path to financial sustainability while at Hollis Street. In January 2016 the Anna Leonowens Gallery founded the Art Bar + Projects, a space for performance art. NSCAD has a long and distinguished history of offering the public the opportunity to study in

3212-447: The destiny of Asiatic women." She joined the literary circles of New York and Boston and made the acquaintance of local lights on the lecture circuit, such as Oliver Wendell Holmes , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Harriet Beecher Stowe , author of Uncle Tom's Cabin , a book whose anti-slavery message Leonowens had brought to the attention of the royal household. She said the book influenced Chulalongkorn's reform of slavery in Siam,

3285-586: The film studies faculty. In 2007 the third campus, the Port Campus, opened at the Halifax Seaport . All three campuses are located in downtown Halifax. The construction of the Port Campus brought the school's debt to a high of $ 19 million in 2011 after funding from the federal government fell through. The province asked the school to draw up a plan to reduce the debt, and it was speculated that NSCAD might lose its autonomy. NSCAD students, faculty and alumni mounted

3358-614: The former Coburg Road campus was acquired by Dalhousie University . Garry Kennedy retired from the school's presidency in 1990 to focus on teaching and making art. In 2002 the school purchased the Granville Street block of heritage buildings it had leased since 1978, known today as the Fountain Campus. The institution was renamed NSCAD University in 2003. It opened a second campus, the Academy Building, in 2004. This campus houses

3431-728: The graduate level. The NSCAD University Library was founded early in the school's history and is now located in the Fountain Campus. It is the only art and design library in Atlantic Canada. Its collection includes over 50,000 books and periodicals as well as the Visual Resources Collection, which comprises 140,000 slides, 16mm films, video tapes and other multimedia materials. The library is a member of Novanet, which facilitates inter-library loans between Nova Scotian academic libraries. Historical fine arts and ceramics; contemporary fine arts and printmaking collections are housed in

3504-540: The king took the opportunity to express his thanks in person, but he also voiced his dismay at the inaccuracies in Leonowens's books. According to Leonowens' granddaughter Anna Fyshe, who had accompanied her, the king asked: "why did you write such a wicked book about my father King Mongkut? You know that you have made him utterly ridiculous". In response, according to Fyshe, Leonowens insisted that she had written "the whole truth" and that Mongkut had indeed been "a ridiculous and

3577-462: The marriage. She gave birth to her first daughter, Selina, in December 1850. The girl died at just seventeen months. In 1852, the young couple, accompanied by Anna's uncle, W. V. Glasscott, sailed to Australia via Singapore , where they boarded the barque Alibi . The journey from Singapore was long and, while on board, Anna gave birth to a son, also named Thomas. On 8 March 1853, nearing

3650-511: The only art school in Canada to offer a dedicated commercial gallery, helping students tradition from academia to entrepreneurship. It was founded by SUNSCAD, the students' union, who turned over control of the gallery to the university in 2007. In 2011 the university moved the gallery from Hollis Street to a more peripheral location at the Seaport , where it had to pay rent for the first time. The new space

3723-478: The particular field, whereas programs leading to the MA usually center on the scholarly, academic, or critical study of the field. Additionally, in the United States, an MFA is typically recognized as a terminal degree for practitioners of visual art, design, dance, photography, theatre, film/video, new media, and creative writing—meaning that it is considered the highest degree in its field, qualifying an individual to become

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3796-473: The popularity of the musical's 1956 film adaptation. D. G. E. Hall , writing in his 1955 book A History of South-East Asia , commented that Leonowens "was gifted with more imagination than insight", and from 1957 to 1961 A. B. Griswold published several articles and a monograph sharply criticizing her depictions of King Mongkut and Siam, writing that "she would seize on a lurid story that appealed to her... remove it from its context and transpose it to Bangkok in

3869-606: The regular members' course at Association Hall, or under the auspices of bodies such as the Long Island Historical Society , she lectured on subjects including "Christian Missions to Pagan Lands" and "The Empire of Siam, and the City of the Veiled Women". The New York Times reported: "Mrs. Leonowens' purpose is to awaken an interest, and enlist sympathies, in behalf of missionary labors, particularly in their relation to

3942-524: The relationship, as the suitor had poor prospects for gainful employment, and had been temporarily downgraded from sergeant to private for an unspecified offense. Nevertheless, Anna and Thomas Leon Owens married on Christmas Day 1849 in the Anglican church of Poona. In the marriage certificate, Thomas merged his second and last names to 'LeonOwens'. Patrick Donohoe signed the document as well, contradicting Leonowens's account that her stepfather had violently opposed

4015-524: The reviews of the musical, the characterisation of Mongkut seemed "90 percent exaggerated. My great-grandfather was really quite a mild and nice man." Years later, during her 1985 visit to New York, Bhumibol's wife, Queen Sirikit , went to see the Broadway musical at the invitation of Yul Brynner. The then ambassador of Thailand to the U.S. gave another reason for Thailand's disapproval of The King and I : its ethno-centric attitude and its barely hidden insult to

4088-402: The role of principal and continued until retiring in 1971. Under his supervision, in 1957 the school moved into the former St. Andrew's United Church on Coburg Road. A modern, five-storey addition was constructed in 1968. It was eventually razed to provide space for Dalhousie University's Mona Campbell Building. The artist Garry Kennedy was appointed president in 1967 at the age of 31, becoming

4161-467: The royal court and develops the abolitionist theme that resonated with her American readership. In 1946, Talbot Jennings and Sally Benson adapted it into the screenplay for a dramatic film of the same name , starring Irene Dunne and Rex Harrison . In response, Thai authors Seni and Kukrit Pramoj wrote their own account in 1948 and sent it to American politician and diplomat Abbot Low Moffat (1901–1996), who drew on it for his biography Mongkut,

4234-411: The second time in Thailand. The books Romance in the Harem and An English Governess at the Siamese Court were not banned in Thailand. There were even Thai translations of these books by Ob Chaivasu, a Thai humor writer. During a visit to the United States in 1960, the monarch of Thailand, King Bhumibol (a great-grandson of Mongkut), and his entourage explained that from what they could gather from

4307-468: The whole Siamese nation by portraying its people as childish and inferior to the Westerners. In 1972, Twentieth Century Fox produced a non-musical American TV series for CBS , Anna and the King , with Samantha Eggar taking the part of Leonowens and Brynner reprising his role as the king. Margaret Landon charged the makers with "inaccurate and mutilated portrayals" of her literary property and sued unsuccessfully for copyright infringement. The series

4380-414: The wives and children of Mongkut , King of Siam . The king wished to give his 39 wives and concubines and 82 children a modern Western education on scientific secular lines, which earlier missionaries' wives had not provided. Leonowens sent her daughter Avis to school in England, and took her son Louis with her to Bangkok . She succeeded Dan Beach Bradley , an American missionary, as teacher to

4453-488: The youngest ever president of a Canadian university. He immediately moved to remake the college from a provincial art school into an international centre for artistic activity. He invited notable artists to come to NSCAD as visiting artists, particularly those involved in conceptual art . Artists who made significant contributions during this period include Vito Acconci , Sol LeWitt , Dan Graham , Eric Fischl , Lawrence Weiner , Joseph Beuys and Claes Oldenburg . The school

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4526-618: Was "most likely ... Anglo-Indian (of mixed race ) born in India." Anna's mother, Mary Anne Glascott, was born in 1815 or 1816. For most of her adult life, Anna Leonowens had no contact with her family and took pains to disguise her origins by claiming that she had been born with the surname "Crawford" in Caernarfon , Wales, and giving her father's rank as captain . By doing so, she protected not only herself but her children, who would have had greater opportunities if their possibly mixed-race heritage remained unknown. Investigations uncovered no record of her birth at Caernarfon, news which came as

4599-521: Was Edward John Pratt, a 38-year-old British civil servant . One of their sons, William Henry Pratt, born 23 November 1887 upon their return to London, was better known by his stage name of Boris Karloff ; Anna was thus his great-aunt. Anna Edwards never approved of her sister's marriage, and her self-imposed separation from the family was so complete that, a decade later, when Eliza contacted her during her stay in Siam, she replied by threatening suicide if she persisted. Leonowens later said she had gone on

4672-499: Was a suffragist . She initiated a reading circle and a Shakespeare club, was one of the founders of the Local Council of Women of Halifax and the Victoria School of Art and Design (now the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design ). From 1888 to 1893, Anna Leonowens lived with her daughter Avis and her grandchildren in Kassel , Germany. On her way back to Canada, she met her son Louis again, after nineteen years of separation. He had returned to Siam in 1881, had become an officer in

4745-415: Was a 1,000 square feet (93 m) gallery in the Annex Building, directly across the street from the Port Campus. In September 2013 the university board of governors decided to close the Seeds Gallery on 31 March 2014. The university governance stated that closure was a cost-saving measure in light of the gallery's $ 40,000 yearly deficit. The students' union criticized the absence of consultation surrounding

4818-477: Was a new preparatory school for colleges and schools of science and her presence was advertised in the press. On behalf of The Youth's Companion magazine, Leonowens visited Russia in 1881, shortly after the assassination of Tsar Alexander II , and other European countries, and continued to publish travel articles and books. This established her position as an orientalist scholar. Having returned to Halifax, she again became involved in women's education, and

4891-426: Was also a hit in London and on tour. In 1956, a film version was released, with Deborah Kerr starring in the role of Leonowens and Brynner reprising his role as the king. Brynner starred in many revivals until his death in 1985. The humorous depiction of Mongkut as a polka -dancing despot , as well as the king's and Anna's apparent romantic feelings for each other, is condemned as disrespectful in Thailand, where

4964-439: Was an Anglo-Indian or Indian -born British travel writer, educator, and social activist. She became well known with the publication of her memoirs, beginning with The English Governess at the Siamese Court (1870), which chronicled her experiences in Siam (modern Thailand ), as teacher to the children of the Siamese King Mongkut . Leonowens's own account was fictionalised in Margaret Landon 's best-selling novel Anna and

5037-453: Was an English-born commissioned officer of the 4th Regiment, Bombay Native Infantry , in the Bombay Army . Glascott arrived in India in 1810, and was apparently married in 1815, although his wife's name is not known. According to biographer Susan Morgan, the only viable explanation for the complete and deliberate lack of information regarding Glascott's wife in official British records is that she "was not European". Morgan suggests that she

5110-419: Was appointed to Glasscott's former position with the commissariat at Lynton, and the family moved there. At Lynton, Anna Leonowens gave birth to a son, Louis . During late 1856, Thomas Leonowens also served briefly as magistrate's clerk under William Burges. Like Glasscott, Thomas clashed with Burges but survived until the Convict Depot was closed in 1857, and he was transferred to a more senior position with

5183-400: Was not a success and was cancelled after only 13 episodes. In 1999 an animated film using the songs of the musical was released by Warner Bros. Animation . In the same year, Jodie Foster and Chow Yun-fat starred in a new feature-length cinematic adaptation of Leonowens's books, also titled Anna and the King . One Thai critic complained that the filmmakers had made Mongkut "appear like

5256-496: Was renamed the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design in 1969, the same year it began granting undergraduate degrees. Kennedy is credited with transforming the school into an internationally recognised centre for cutting-edge art, with Art in America suggesting in 1973 that NSCAD was "the best art school in North America". The school began to offer graduate programs in 1973. It moved to its current location on Granville Mall in 1978 and

5329-420: Was to teach English, not to educate and care for the royal children comprehensively. Leonowens claimed to have spoken Thai fluently, but the examples of that language presented in her books are unintelligible, even if one allows for clumsy transcription. Leonowens was a feminist , and in her writings she tended to focus on what she saw as the subjugated status of Siamese women, including those sequestered within

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