87-403: Anjaam ( transl. Consequence ) is a 1994 Indian Hindi -language romantic psychological thriller film directed by Rahul Rawail . It stars Madhuri Dixit and Shah Rukh Khan in lead roles with an ensemble supporting cast including Sudha Chandran , Tinnu Anand , Beena Banerjee , Kiran Kumar , Kalpana Iyer and Himani Shivpuri , with Deepak Tijori in a guest appearance. This
174-502: A "Decimal series". The rupee was now divided into 100 'Paisa' instead of 16 Annas or 64 Pice. The "Naye Paise" coins were minted in the denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 Naye Paise. Both the Anna series and the Naye Paise coins were valid for some time. From 1968 onwards, the new coins were called just Paise instead of Naye Paise because they were no longer naye(new). With high inflation in
261-459: A barn. However, Shivani overpowers him and sets the barn on fire, leaving him to die. Shivani visits Vijay's home but comes to know that Vijay and his mother moved out of there two years ago. She decides to dedicate her life to serving the disabled at the hospital she used to volunteer at. The doctor there suggested she stay at their new sanatorium in Tikamgarh. When she gets there, she finds out that
348-476: A coin of silver", in origin an adjective meaning "shapely", with a more specific meaning of "stamped, impressed", whence "coin". It is derived from the noun rūpa ( रूप ) "shape, likeness, image". The history of the rupee traces back to Ancient India circa 3rd century BC. Ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Lydian staters , several other Middle Eastern coinages and
435-442: A complaint about the brutality of her prison guard but her plea is ignored. Instead, Inspector Arjun reveals to the warden it was Shivani who filed a complaint against her illegal activities. Mohanlal forces Padmisha to disown Pinky, but she refuses. In response, he kicks both Padmisha and Pinky out. Vijay accidentally kills Shivani's sister and daughter by running his car over them. Shivani learns about their deaths and realizes Vijay
522-573: A core vocabulary of native Prakrit and Sanskrit-derived words. However, Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and contains more direct tatsama Sanskrit -derived words than Urdu, whereas Urdu is written in the Perso-Arabic script and uses more Arabic and Persian loanwords compared to Hindi. Because of this, as well as the fact that the two registers share an identical grammar, a consensus of linguists consider them to be two standardised forms of
609-487: A half Rupees. The silver coins of smaller denominations were issued in cupro-nickel. The compulsion of the Second World War led to experiments in coinage where the standard rupee was replaced by the "Quaternary Silver Alloy". The Quaternary Silver coins were issued from 1940. In 1947 these were replaced by pure Nickel coins. The Monetary System remained unchanged at One Rupee consisting of 64 pice, or 192 pies. In India,
696-412: A hospital for the mentally and physically disabled. Vijay befriends Ashok in hopes of getting closer to Shivani. He plans to start his own airline where he hires Ashok as a general manager with a high salary. Unaware of Vijay's intentions, Ashok doesn't believe Shivani who tries to convince him of Vijay's true colours. Vijay gives Shivani and Ashok a new company home. After moving in, Shivani finds out she
783-531: A larger amount are still used in Urdu poetry written in the Devanagari script. Many words borrowed from Persian in turn were loanwords from Arabic (e.g. muśkil "difficult", havā "air", x(a)yāl "thought", kitāb "book"). Hindi also makes extensive use of loan translation ( calqueing ) and occasionally phono-semantic matching of English . Many Hindustani words were derived from Portuguese due to interaction with colonists and missionaries: Rupee Rupee
870-529: A literary language in the 19th century. Earliest examples could be found as Prēm Sāgar by Lallu Lal , Batiyāl Pachīsī of Sadal Misra, and Rānī Kētakī Kī Kahānī of Insha Allah Khan which were published in Devanagari script during the early 19th century. John Gilchrist was principally known for his study of the Hindustani language , which was adopted as the lingua franca of northern India (including what
957-523: A medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages. It
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#17328689472691044-518: A new Gulf rupee (also known as the "external rupee") to hinder the smuggling of gold. The Gulf rupee was legal tender until 1966, when India significantly devalued the Indian rupee and a new Qatar-Dubai riyal was established to provide economic stability. The Straits Settlements were originally an outlier of the British East India Company . The Spanish dollar had already taken hold in
1131-554: A new florin coin, hence bringing the currency into line with sterling. Shortly after that, the florin was split into two East African shillings . This assimilation to sterling did not, however, happen in British India itself. In Somalia, the Italian colonial authority minted 'rupia' to exactly the same standard and called the pice 'besa'. The Indian rupee was the official currency of Dubai and Qatar until 1959, when India created
1218-410: A part of the process of Sanskritisation , new words are coined using Sanskrit components to be used as replacements for supposedly foreign vocabulary. Usually these neologisms are calques of English words already adopted into spoken Hindi. Some terms such as dūrbhāṣ "telephone", literally "far-speech" and dūrdarśan "television", literally "far-sight" have even gained some currency in formal Hindi in
1305-572: A quarter of a rupee), and eight annas (an athanni , or half a rupee) were widely in use until decimalization in 1961. (The numbers adha , do , chār , ātha mean respectively half, two, four, eight in Hindi and Urdu. ) Two paisa was also called a taka , see below. Decimalisation occurred in India in 1957 and in Pakistan in 1961. Since 1957 an Indian rupee is divided into 100 paise. The decimalised paisa
1392-496: A second language. A Hindi proponent, Indian-born Paramananda Jha , was elected vice-president of Nepal. He took his oath of office in Hindi in July 2008. This created protests in the streets for 5 days; students burnt his effigies, and there was a general strike in 22 districts. Nepal Supreme Court ruled in 2009 that his oath in Hindi was invalid and he was kept "inactive" as vice-president. An "angry" Jha said, "I cannot be compelled to take
1479-521: A simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ). Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other nearby languages, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which has an official status in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which
1566-569: A standardised form of Hindustani separate from Urdu took form. In 1881, Bihar accepted Hindi as its sole official language, replacing Urdu, and thus became the first state of India to adopt Hindi. However, in 2014, Urdu was accorded second official language status in the state. After independence, the Government of India instituted the following conventions: On 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted Hindi written in
1653-541: Is a drunkard and bets all the money he can find on horse races. Shivani meets Vijay Agnihotri, a wealthy industrialist who is instantly infatuated with her but she shows no interest in him. Vijay is the owner of his family industries; he first tries to get Shivani to model for them, but she does not even consider it. He continues to pursue her to be his lover, but is rejected every time. Vijay informs his mother Padma that he will only marry Shivani. When they approach Shivani's family for her hand in marriage, they see that Shivani
1740-487: Is a sin to kill an incapacitated person who cannot defend himself. In their scuffle, they end up dangling from a cliff with Vijay hanging onto Shivani's foot. Vijay says that if he falls to his death, he shall take Shivani with him. Deciding that it is more important for Vijay to die than for her to live, Shivani lets go, causing both of them to fall to their deaths. Anjaam marked the first of many collaborations between Dixit and Khan. Rakesh Budhu of Planet Bollywood gave
1827-591: Is a standard register of the Hindustani language; additionally, Indian media are widely viewed in Pakistan. A sizeable population in Afghanistan , especially in Kabul , can also speak and understand Hindi-Urdu due to the popularity and influence of Bollywood films, songs and actors in the region. Hindi is also spoken by a large population of Madheshis (people having roots in north-India but having migrated to Nepal over hundreds of years) of Nepal . Apart from this, Hindi
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#17328689472691914-403: Is already marrying Ashok Chopra, an Air India pilot. Vijay is heartbroken, shocked, and disappointed while Shivani and Ashok get posted right after their wedding and move to America. Four years later, Vijay cannot forget Shivani and turns down all the marriage proposals brought by his mother. Shivani and Ashok have a daughter, Pinky. Shivani left her job as an air hostess and began volunteering at
2001-460: Is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani, as both Hindi and Urdu share a core vocabulary base derived from Prakrit (a descendant of Sanskrit). Hindi is also spoken, to a lesser extent, in other parts of India (usually in
2088-409: Is an official language of Gujarat , along with Gujarati . It acts as an additional official language of West Bengal in blocks and sub-divisions with more than 10% of the population speaking Hindi. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of official language in the following Union Territories : Delhi , Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu . Although there
2175-542: Is based on the language that was spoken in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab ( Delhi , Meerut and Saharanpur ) called Khariboli ; the vernacular of Delhi and the surrounding region came to replace earlier prestige languages such as Awadhi and Braj . Standard Hindi was developed by supplanting foreign loanwords from the Hindustani language and replacing them with Sanskrit words, though Standard Hindi does continue to possess several Persian loanwords. Modern Hindi became
2262-623: Is borrowed from Sanskrit as tatsam borrowings, especially in technical and academic fields. The formal Hindi standard, from which much of the Persian, Arabic and English vocabulary has been replaced by neologisms compounding tatsam words, is called Śuddh Hindi (pure Hindi), and is viewed as a more prestigious dialect over other more colloquial forms of Hindi. Excessive use of tatsam words sometimes creates problems for native speakers. They may have Sanskrit consonant clusters which do not exist in Hindustani, causing difficulties in pronunciation. As
2349-455: Is commonly used to specifically refer the modern literary Hindi language, as opposed to colloquial and regional varieties that are also referred to as Hindi in a wider sense . Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi is a direct descendant of an early form of Vedic Sanskrit , through Shauraseni Prakrit and Śauraseni Apabhraṃśa (from Sanskrit apabhraṃśa "corrupt"), which emerged in the 7th century CE. The sound changes that characterised
2436-532: Is hospitalized, Vijay removes Ashok's oxygen mask in the presence of Shivani thereby killing him. She attempts to convince the police that Vijay is responsible for Ashok's death. However, Vijay bribes his friend Inspector Arjun Singh to provide an alibi and is not charged. Despite Arjun telling him that what he did was wrong, Vijay refuses to stop thinking about Shivani and giving up. All this while, he visits and begs Shivani to say she loves him. As she refuses, he beats her up and frames her for his attempted murder. She
2523-518: Is mirror to a hand with bangles, What is Persian to a literate. The emergence of Modern Standard Hindi in the 19th century went along with the Sanskritisation of its vocabulary, leading to a marginalisation of Persian vocabulary in Hindi, which continued after Partition when the Indian government co-opted the policy of Sanskritisation. However, many Persian words (e.g. bas "enough", khud "self") have remained entrenched in Standard Hindi, and
2610-597: Is no specification of a national language in the constitution, it is a widely held belief that Hindi is the national language of India. This is often a source of friction and contentious debate. In 2010, the Gujarat High Court clarified that Hindi is not the national language of India because the constitution does not mention it as such. Outside Asia , the Awadhi language (an Eastern Hindi dialect) with influence from Bhojpuri , Bihari languages , Fijian and English
2697-513: Is now present-day Pakistan ) by British colonists and indigenous people. He compiled and authored An English-Hindustani Dictionary , A Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language , The Oriental Linguist , and many more. His lexicon of Hindustani was published in the Perso-Arabic script , Nāgarī script , and in Roman transliteration .In the late 19th century, a movement to further develop Hindi as
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2784-420: Is often abbreviated with the grapheme for the first syllable, optionally followed by a circular abbreviation mark or a Latin abbreviation point: रु૰ (Devanagari ru. ), રૂ૰ (Gujarati ru. ), රු ( Sinhala ru ), రూ ( Telugu rū ). Punjabi The history of the rupees can be traced back to Ancient India around the 6th century BC . Ancient India had some of the earliest coins in the world, along with
2871-498: Is pregnant. She shares the news with her husband but Vijay interrupts, revealing that he's used Shivani's photos as advertisements for the new airline. This enrages Shivani who demands that Vijay leave and then insists that Ashok quit his job as well as the new house, and that she will work to support the family instead. Insulted and angered, Ashok slaps and disowns Shivani, who leaves the house much to his great regret. Vijay witnessing this has an episode and severely beats Ashok. When he
2958-478: Is sentenced to 3 years in prison as she could not prove her innocence. Pinky is placed in the care of Padmisha and Mohanlal. Mohanlal mistreats his wife and calls Pinky a burden. Shivani meets Nisha, her cellmate who was wrongly accused of murder in a case of dowry . They share their pain in prison under the watch of a brutal prison warden, who would force the prison inmates into prostitution for political leaders at night. In an attempt to escape from prison, she makes
3045-713: Is spoken by the large Indian diaspora which hails from, or has its origin from the "Hindi Belt" of India. A substantially large North Indian diaspora lives in countries like the United States of America , the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates , Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, South Africa, Fiji and Mauritius , where it is natively spoken at home and among their own Hindustani-speaking communities. Outside India, Hindi speakers are 8 million in Nepal ; 863,077 in
3132-459: Is spoken in Suriname , Trinidad and Tobago , and Guyana . Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English. If counted together with the mutually intelligible Urdu, it is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. According to reports of Ethnologue (2022, 25th edition) Hindi is the third most-spoken language in
3219-477: Is spoken in Fiji. It is an official language in Fiji as per the 1997 Constitution of Fiji, where it referred to it as "Hindustani"; however, in the 2013 Constitution of Fiji , it is simply called " Fiji Hindi " as the official language. It is spoken by 380,000 people in Fiji. Hindi is spoken as a first language by about 77,569 people in Nepal according to the 2011 Nepal census , and further by 1,225,950 people as
3306-565: Is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in Devanagari script . It is the official language of India alongside English and the lingua franca of North India . Hindi is considered a Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas. It is an official language in nine states and three union territories and an additional official language in three other states. Hindi
3393-546: Is the common name for the currencies of India , Mauritius , Nepal , Pakistan , Seychelles , and Sri Lanka , and of former currencies of Afghanistan , Bahrain , Kuwait , Oman , the United Arab Emirates (as the Gulf rupee ), British East Africa , Burma , German East Africa (as Rupie/Rupien ), and Tibet . In Indonesia and the Maldives , the unit of currency is known as rupiah and rufiyaa respectively, cognates of
3480-854: Is the dominant form of Hindi online. In an analysis of YouTube comments, Palakodety et al., identified that 52% of comments were in Romanised Hindi, 46% in English, and 1% in Devanagari Hindi. Traditionally, Hindi words are divided into five principal categories according to their etymology: Hindi has naturally inherited a large portion of its vocabulary from Shauraseni Prakrit , in the form of tadbhava words. This process usually involves compensatory lengthening of vowels preceding consonant clusters in Prakrit, e.g. Sanskrit tīkṣṇa > Prakrit tikkha > Hindi tīkhā . Much of Standard Hindi's vocabulary
3567-415: Is the one who killed them. She decides to go to any length to avenge her family. Prior to this Vijay visits Shivani in prison with the promise of freeing her (as well as news about his alleged relation with another woman who bears her name) but Shivani still refuses. One day, Shivani vomits during a politicians' visit to take a prisoner for the night. When the prison guard learns that Shivani is pregnant from
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3654-566: Is written in the Devanagari script, an abugida . Devanagari consists of 11 vowels and 33 consonants and is written from left to right. Unlike Sanskrit, Devanagari is not entirely phonetic for Hindi, especially failing to mark schwa deletion in spoken Standard Hindi. The Government of India uses Hunterian transliteration as its official system of writing Hindi in the Latin script. Various other systems also exist, such as IAST , ITRANS and ISO 15919 . Romanised Hindi , also called Hinglish ,
3741-463: The Chinese wen and Lydian staters . The rupee coin has been used since then, even during British India , when it contained 11.66 g (1 tola ) of 91.7% silver with an ASW of 0.3437 of a troy ounce (that is, silver worth about US$ 10 at modern prices). Valuation of the rupee based on its silver content had severe consequences in the 19th century, when the strongest economies in the world were on
3828-560: The Chinese wen . The term is from rūpya , a Sanskrit term for silver coin , from Sanskrit rūpa , beautiful form. Arthashastra , written by Chanakya , chief adviser to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as rūpyarūpa , other types including gold coins ( rūpya-suvarṇa ), copper coins ( tāmrarūpa ) and lead coins ( sīsarūpa ) are mentioned. Rūpa means form or shape, example, rūpyarūpa , rūpya – wrought silver, rūpa – form. This coinage system continued more or less across
3915-575: The Hindi Belt ), as well as an official language of the Government of India, along with English. In Northeast India a pidgin known as Haflong Hindi has developed as a lingua franca for the people living in Haflong , Assam who speak other languages natively. In Arunachal Pradesh , Hindi emerged as a lingua franca among locals who speak over 50 dialects natively. Hindi is quite easy to understand for many Pakistanis , who speak Urdu, which, like Hindi,
4002-710: The Latin character sequence "Rs" or "Rs.". The symbol रू represents the Nepalese rupee . Currency signs exist for other countries that use the rupee but not this sign: their usage is also described at the main article . The codepoints for these symbols are: U+3353 ㍓ SQUARE RUPII is a square version of ルピー rupī , the Japanese word for "rupee". It is intended for CJK Compatibility with earlier character sets. No other rupee symbols or abbreviations have dedicated code points. Most are written as ligatures using
4089-797: The Mughal style and those of Madras mostly in a South Indian style. The English coins of Western India developed along Mughal as well as English patterns. It was only in AD 1717 that the British obtained permission from the Emperor Farrukh Siyar to coin Mughal money at the Bombay mint. By early 1830, the British had become the dominant power in India and started minting coinage independently. The Coinage Act of 1835 provided for uniform coinage throughout India. The new coins had
4176-814: The United States of America ; 450,170 in Mauritius; 380,000 in Fiji; 250,292 in South Africa; 150,000 in Suriname; 100,000 in Uganda ; 45,800 in the United Kingdom; 20,000 in New Zealand ; 20,000 in Germany ; 26,000 in Trinidad and Tobago; 3,000 in Singapore . Linguistically , Hindi and Urdu are two registers of the same language and are mutually intelligible. Both Hindi and Urdu share
4263-671: The combining diacritic technique: For example, the Nepalese rupee रू is written using U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA with U+0942 ू DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU . In Latin script , "rupee" (singular) is abbreviated as 'Re'. and "rupees" (plural) as '₨'. The Indonesian rupiah is abbreviated 'Rp'. In 19th century typography, abbreviations were often superscripted: R ⋅ s {\displaystyle R_{\cdot }^{s}} or R s _ {\displaystyle R^{\underline {s}}} . In Brahmic scripts, rupee
4350-547: The "Anna Series" was introduced on 15 August 1950. This was the first coinage of the Republic of India . The King's Portrait was replaced by the Ashoka's Lion Capital. A corn sheaf replaced the Tiger on the one Rupee coin. The monetary system was retained with one Rupee consisting of 16 Annas. The 1955 Indian Coinage (Amendment) Act, that came into force with effect from 1 April 1957, introduced
4437-487: The 1970s. Stainless steel coinage of 10, 25 and 50 paise, was introduced in 1988 and of one rupee in 1992. The very considerable costs of managing note issues of Rs 1, Rs 2, and Rs 5 led to the gradual coinisation of these denominations in the 1990s. In East Africa, Arabia , and Mesopotamia , the rupee and its subsidiary coinage was current at various times. The usage of the rupee in East Africa extended from Somaliland in
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#17328689472694524-405: The 50 paise coin (half a rupee) is the lowest valued legal tender coin. Coins of 1, 2, 5, and 10 rupees and banknotes of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 2000 rupees are commonly in use for cash transaction. Large denominations of rupees are traditionally counted in lakhs , crores , arabs , kharabs , nils , padmas , shankhs , udpadhas, and anks. Terms beyond crore are not generally used in
4611-612: The 50th birthday of Beohar Rajendra Simha on 14 September 1949, the efforts came to fruition following the adoption of Hindi as the official language. Now, it is celebrated as Hindi Day . Part XVII of the Indian Constitution deals with the official language of the Indian Union. Under Article 343, the official languages of the Union have been prescribed, which includes Hindi in Devanagari script and English: (1) The official language of
4698-623: The Devanagari script as the official language of the Republic of India replacing the previous usage of Hindustani in the Perso-Arabic script in the British Indian Empire . To this end, several stalwarts rallied and lobbied pan-India in favour of Hindi, most notably Beohar Rajendra Simha along with Hazari Prasad Dwivedi , Kaka Kalelkar , Maithili Sharan Gupt and Seth Govind Das who even debated in Parliament on this issue. As such, on
4785-402: The Hindi heartland. Persian borrowings reached a heyday in the 17th century, pervading all aspects of life. Even grammatical constructs, namely the izafat , were assimilated into Hindi. The status of Persian language then and thus its influence, is also visible in Hindi proverbs : हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या, पढ़े लिखे को फ़ारसी क्या। Hāth kaṅgan ko ārsī kyā, Paṛhe likhe ko Fārsī kyā. What
4872-563: The Hindu/Indian people') was often used in the past, for example by Amir Khusrau in his poetry. The terms Hindi and Hindu trace back to Old Persian which derived these names from the Sanskrit name Sindhu ( सिन्धु ), referring to the Indus River . The Greek cognates of the same terms are Indus (for the river) and India (for the land of the river). The term Modern Standard Hindi
4959-660: The Indian subcontinent well till 20th century. In the intermediate times there was no fixed monetary system as reported by the Da Tang Xi Yu Ji . During his reign from 1538/1540 to 1545, Sher Shah Suri of the Sur Empire set up a new civic and military administration and issued a coin of silver, weighing 178 grains , which was also termed the Rupiya . Suri also introduced copper coins called dam and gold coins called mohur that weighed 169 grains (10.95 g). The use of
5046-530: The Official Languages Act of 1963, which provided for the continued use of English indefinitely for all official purposes, although the constitutional directive for the Union Government to encourage the spread of Hindi was retained and has strongly influenced its policies. Article 344 (2b) stipulates that the official language commission shall be constituted every ten years to recommend steps for
5133-542: The President may, during the said period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the Union. Article 351 of the Indian constitution states: It shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language, to develop it so that it may serve as
5220-554: The Straits Settlements by the time the British arrived in the 19th century. The East India Company tried to introduce the rupee in its place. These attempts were resisted by the locals, and by 1867 when the British government took over direct control of the Straits Settlements from the East India Company, attempts to introduce the rupee were finally abandoned. Until the middle of the 20th century, Tibet 's official currency
5307-460: The Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals. (2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement: Provided that
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#17328689472695394-438: The album 7.5 stars stating, " Anjaam' s tunes are overall a mixed fare but the songs that were sweet and melodious were enough to project the soundtrack to higher standards. The only song that is sung by Abhijeet in this album, "Badi Mushkil Hai", is considered one of the most melodious songs till date". Hindi Modern Standard Hindi ( आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी , Ādhunik Mānak Hindī ), commonly referred to as Hindi ,
5481-525: The award the previous year for his performance in Yash Chopra 's Darr . Moreover, the film also earned Dixit her 7th nomination for Best Actress , but she instead won the award for Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! Khan has bought the rights to this film under his banner, Red Chillies Entertainment . Shivani Chopra is an air hostess for Air India . She lives with her sister Padmisha and her brother-in-law Mohanlal, who
5568-504: The context of money; for example, an amount would be called ₨ 1 lakh crore (equivalent to 1 trillion) instead of ₨ 10 kharab. The symbol ₹ is the Indian rupee sign . The precomposed character ₨ is a currency sign used to represent the monetary unit of account in Pakistan , Sri Lanka , Nepal , Mauritius , Seychelles , and formerly in India . It resembles, and is often written as,
5655-456: The effigy of William IV on the obverse and the value on the reverse in English and Persian . The coins issued after 1840 bore the portrait of Queen Victoria . The first coinage under the crown was issued in 1862 and in 1877 Queen Victoria assumed the title the Empress of India. The gold silver ratio expanded during 1870–1910. Unlike India, Britain was on the gold standard. The 1911 accession to
5742-531: The last 125 years, there are no academic studies of any of them – of their use in South Africa, their evolution and current decline. Hindi is adopted as the third official court language in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi . As a result of this status, the Indian workforce in UAE can file their complaints to the labour courts in the country in their own mother-tongue. Hindi is the lingua franca of northern India (which contains
5829-702: The north to as far south as Natal . In Mozambique, the British India rupees were overstamped, and in Kenya, the British East Africa Company minted the rupee and its fractions, as well as pice. The rise in the price of silver immediately after the First World War caused the rupee to rise in value to two shillings sterling . In 1920 in British East Africa , the opportunity was then taken to introduce
5916-410: The oath now in Nepali. I might rather take it in English." Hindi is a protected language in South Africa . According to the Constitution of South Africa , the Pan South African Language Board must promote and ensure respect for Hindi along with other languages. According to a doctoral dissertation by Rajend Mesthrie in 1985, although Hindi and other Indian languages have existed in South Africa for
6003-460: The official language of the imperial court during the reign of Shah Jahan . It is recorded that Emperor Aurangzeb spoke in Hindvi . The Hindustani vernacular became an expression of Indian national unity during the Indian Independence movement , and continues to be spoken as the common language of the people of the northern Indian subcontinent, which is reflected in the Hindustani vocabulary of Bollywood films and songs. Standard Hindi
6090-426: The place of the English borrowings (ṭeli)fon and ṭīvī . Hindi also features significant Persian influence, standardised from spoken Hindustani . Early borrowings, beginning in the mid-12th century, were specific to Islam (e.g. Muhammad , Islām ) and so Persian was simply an intermediary for Arabic. Later, under the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire , Persian became the primary administrative language in
6177-523: The prison warden by dragging her to the gallows and hanging her. As there is no evidence and a strong alibi, Shivani is not convicted for it. Three years later, Shivani is released from prison. First, she kills Mohanlal by choking him with rupee notes and chewing off a significant amount of flesh from his arm. Inspector Arjun suspects Shivani for the murder. While Shivani is mourning her daughter at her grave, Inspector Arjun steps right on her grave to rudely intercept her. He chases her and tries to rape her in
6264-522: The progressive use of Hindi language and impose restrictions on the use of the English language by the union government. In practice, the official language commissions are constantly endeavouring to promote Hindi but not imposing restrictions on English in official use by the union government. At the state level, Hindi is the official language of the following Indian states: Bihar , Chhattisgarh , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , Jharkhand , Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand . Hindi
6351-493: The rupee coin continued under the Mughal Empire with the same standard and weight, though some rulers after Mughal Emperor Akbar occasionally issued heavier rupees. The European powers started minting coinage as early as mid-17th century, under patronage of Mughal Empire. The British gold coins were termed Carolina, the silver coins Anglina, the copper coins Cupperoon and tin coins Tinny. The coins of Bengal were developed in
6438-470: The rupee is known as a taka , and is written as such on Indian banknotes. In Odisha it is known as tanka . After its independence, Bangladesh started to officially call its currency " taka " (BDT) in 1971. The issuance of the Indian currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India , and issuance of Pakistani currency is controlled by State Bank of Pakistan . Currently in India (from 2010 onwards),
6525-673: The rupee is known as rupaya, rupaye, or one of several other terms derived from the Sanskrit rūpya , meaning silver. Ṭaṅka is an ancient Sanskrit word for money. While the two-paise coin was called a taka in West Pakistan , the word taka was commonly used in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh ), alternatively for rupee. In the Bengali and Assamese languages, spoken in Assam, Tripura , and West Bengal,
6612-495: The same language, Hindustani or Hindi-Urdu. Hindi is the most commonly used scheduled language in India and is one of the two official languages of the union , the other being English. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan and is one of 22 scheduled languages of India , also having official status in Uttar Pradesh , Jammu and Kashmir , Delhi , Telangana , Andhra Pradesh and Bihar . Hindi
6699-517: The sanatorium was built by Vijay's mother. Shivani finds Vijay in a paralyzed state at the sanatorium, losing his ability to move due to the car accident which killed Shivani's sister and daughter. She volunteers to rehabilitate him. Vijay gets cured with Shivani's love and attention. Vijay tells Shivani once again to say she loves him and to marry him, as she has no other options in life. Shivani embraces him before stabbing him. She confesses that she nursed him to health for one purpose: to kill him, as it
6786-420: The sixties, small denomination coins which were made of bronze, nickel-brass, cupro-nickel, and aluminium - bronze were gradually minted in aluminium only. This change commenced with the introduction of the new hexagonal 3 paise coin. A twenty paise coin was introduced in 1968 but did not gain much popularity. Over a period, cost-benefit considerations led to the gradual discontinuance of 1, 2 and 3 paise coins in
6873-509: The throne of the King-Emperor George V led to the famous "pig rupee". On the coin, the King appeared wearing a robe with the imprint of an elephant. Through poor engraving, the elephant looked like a pig. The population was enraged and the image had to be quickly redesigned. Acute shortage of silver during the First World War , led to the introduction of paper currency of One Rupee and Two and
6960-471: The transition from Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi are: During the period of Delhi Sultanate in medieval India , which covered most of today's north India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal and Bangladesh and which resulted in the contact of Hindu and Muslim cultures , the Sanskrit and Prakrit base of Old Hindi became enriched with loanwords from Persian , evolving into the present form of Hindustani. Hindi achieved prominence in India after it became
7047-420: The visit, she gives her a severe beating and throws her into a dark isolation cell, which causes her to have a miscarriage. With all of her loved ones dead, Shivani was numb to the world. Her only motive to live now was exacting revenge on all the people that wronged her. She begins with the prison guard by planning a night-long worship event at the jail, staging an alibi for herself. Shivani sneaks away and kills
7134-439: The word rupee. The Indian rupee and Pakistani rupee are subdivided into one hundred paise (singular paisa ) or pice. The Nepalese rupee (रू) subdivides into one hundred paisa (singular and plural) or four sukaas . The Mauritian , Seychellois , and Sri Lankan rupees subdivide into 100 cents. The Hindustani word rupayā ( रुपया ) is derived from the Sanskrit word rūpya ( रूप्य ), which means "wrought silver,
7221-668: The world including first and second language speakers. Hindi is the fastest growing language of India , followed by Kashmiri , Meitei , Gujarati and Bengali according to the 2011 census of India . The term Hindī originally was used to refer to inhabitants of the Indo-Gangetic Plain . It was borrowed from Classical Persian هندی Hindī ( Iranian Persian pronunciation: Hendi ), meaning ' of or belonging to Hind (India) ' (hence, ' Indian ' ). Another name Hindavī ( हिन्दवी ) or Hinduī ( हिन्दुई ) (from Persian هندوی 'of or belonging to
7308-523: Was also known as the Tibetan rupee. The original silver rupee, .917 fine silver, 11.66 grams (179.9 grains; 0.375 troy ounces), was divided into 16 annas , 64 paise , or 192 pies . Each circulating coin of British India , until the rupee was decimalised, had a different name in practice. A paisa was equal to two dhelas , three pies , or six damaris . Other coins for half anna ( adhanni , or two paisas), two annas ( duanni ), four annas (a chawanni , or
7395-555: Was envisioned that Hindi would become the sole working language of the Union Government by 1965 (per directives in Article 344 (2) and Article 351), with state governments being free to function in the language of their own choice. However, widespread resistance to the imposition of Hindi on non-native speakers, especially in South India (such as those in Tamil Nadu ) led to the passage of
7482-411: Was originally officially named naya paisa meaning the "new paisa" to distinguish it from the erstwhile paisa which had a higher value of 1 ⁄ 64 rupee. The word naya was dropped in 1964 and since then it is simply known as paisa (plural paise ). The most commonly used symbol for the rupee is "₨". India adopted a new symbol ( ₹ ) for the Indian rupee on 15 July 2010. In most parts of India,
7569-505: Was the first time that Dixit and Khan were paired together. The film's music was composed by Anand–Milind , with lyrics written by Sameer . The film is about a woman facing the brunt of her obsessive lover. It also focuses on the atrocities committed against women. Dixit plays the protagonist and Khan plays the antagonist. At the 40th Filmfare Awards , Anjaam won Khan the Best Villain award for his performance, after having failed to win
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