Anija Parish is a rural municipality in the eastern part of Harju County , Estonia .
109-565: The administrative center of the parish is the town of Kehra , while the borough of Aegviidu and the village of Alavere are also notable. In total, the parish consists of 33 settlements. As of January 1, 2023, the parish had a population of 6431 people. According to the Danish Census Book of 1241, the western part of the modern Anija Parish was split between the Ancient-Estonian counties of Revala and Harju . More specifically
218-594: A Koitjärve Parish that existed sometime between 1866 and 1879 and eventually became a part of Kolga Parish but it is unclear if it included any parts of the modern day Anija Parish. South of Soodla river , the historic village of Kõrveveski and Pillapalu Kivijärv [ et ] belonged to Kolga Parish, both of which are currently part of the village of Pillapalu . The areas around Kaunissaare manor were transferred from Peningi Parish to Alavere Parish on August 15, 1919. Additionally some forested areas were transferred from Raasiku Parish to Alavere Parish on
327-503: A 1692 map, the manor's lands stretched as far east as Maapaju border point near the current Mustjõe train station . Reitevahe (Arudevahe) inn, which was near the current Lahinguvälja train station , was also a part of the manor. Von Elverings regained ownership of the manor after the Great Northern War , but were forced to sell it in 1760 to cover debts. Von Breverns, the new owners, lent the manor to Friedrich August von Maydell in
436-417: A borough on October 24, 1991. Jüri Lillsoo was the head of the borough ( Estonian : alevivanem ) between 1991 and 1993. When Kehra became a town in 1993, he continued on as a mayor and retained that position until Kehra became a part of Anija parish in 2002. Estonian Prime Minister Jüri Ratas has said that "Anija parish is a good example of strong cooperation between local governments", and that "As
545-623: A calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and 1923. In England , Wales , Ireland and Britain's American colonies , there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first adjusted the start of a new year from 25 March ( Lady Day , the Feast of the Annunciation ) to 1 January,
654-516: A canal, Aavoja feeds into Kaunissaare through a canal, and Kaunissaare feeds into Vaskjala reservoir through the Kaunissaare- Patika canal and a small section of the Pirita River . Each canal has a gravel road next to it for maintenance. The 1903 novel by Eduard Vilde " Kui Anija mehed Tallinnas käisid [ Wikidata ] " (English: When Anija men visited Tallinn ) describes
763-535: A change which Scotland had made in 1600. The second discarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, skipping 11 days in the month of September to do so. To accommodate the two calendar changes, writers used dual dating to identify a given day by giving its date according to both styles of dating. For countries such as Russia where no start-of-year adjustment took place, O.S. and N.S. simply indicate
872-465: A class IV railway station in 1922 and a class III station in 1927. First Estonian Division used the station as their headquarters in late 1918 and early 1919, during the Estonian War of Independence . The Battle of Kehra took place in the nearby village of Vikipalu on January 4, 1919, being one of the decisive battles of the war of independence. In fall 1936, a railway branch was built to connect
981-483: A first-hand account. According to the official list of schools in the Estonian Governorate in 1886, the school was founded in 1848. The school was located on the land of the current Koolitoa property in the village of Kehra. A new building was built for the school on the same property in 1878, because the previous building was in a bad state. According to Gustav Vilbaste, the school's teacher between 1904 and 1913,
1090-454: A letter dated "12/22 Dec. 1635". In his biography of John Dee , The Queen's Conjurer , Benjamin Woolley surmises that because Dee fought unsuccessfully for England to embrace the 1583/84 date set for the change, "England remained outside the Gregorian system for a further 170 years, communications during that period customarily carrying two dates". In contrast, Thomas Jefferson , who lived while
1199-482: A living environment, Anija parish is excellent". There are five neighborhoods in Kehra: Keskus, Vana-asula, Uusasula, Ülejõe, and Põrgupõhja. The oldest parts of the town are Keskus and Vanaasula, which were already inhabited before the manor was built between 1624 and 1637. The railway was built in 1870 and it split off the current Vanaasula from the rest of the manor. The manor started expanding westwards around
SECTION 10
#17328910952701308-555: A now destroyed building on the Anija road. The construction of the pulp mill and the nearby apartment buildings was conducted between 1937 and 1938. The district is bordered by the village of Kehra and its fields to the north, the Jägala River to the east, the Tallinn–Narva railway to the south, and the highway from Kose to Jägala to the west. Historically, the district's land
1417-457: A part of Kiviloo Parish in 1880, leaving behind Kehra Parish. Kehra , Haljava , and Paasiku Parishes became a part of Anija Parish on January 10, 1891 [ O.S. January 22, 1891], while Kiviloo, Kambi-Raasiku, and Perila-Rätla Parishes became a part of Peningi Parish. The areas of the former Kambi-Raasiku, Paasiku, and Haljava Parishes became Raasiku Parish on June 8, 1898 [ O.S. June 20, 1898]. Alavere-Pikva-Rooküla Parish
1526-690: A part of Paide Region on March 28, 1962. Aegviidu borough and rural council became a part of Harju Region on December 21, 1962. All of Aegviidu Rural Council and the part of Alavere Rural Council that was used by the Pikva kolkhoz became a part of Anija Rural Council on January 18, 1963. Western parts of the former Vohnja Rural Council of Rakvere Region became a part of Anija Rural Council of Harju Region on December 28, 1963, but ultimately were transferred to Kuusalu Rural Council instead on December 27, 1976. There were border changes between Kehra borough and Anija Rural Council on December 27, 1968. On December 27, 1976,
1635-460: A part of Aegviidu Rural Council of Tapa Region on October 12, 1957. The border between Anija and Aegviidu Rural Councils ran from Mustjõe train station towards Koitjärve bog until hitting the Piibe road and then westwards along the road. Kehra Borough, along with Anija and Alavere Rural Councils became a part of Harju Region as Kose Region was split between Harju and Rapla Regions on January 24, 1959. When
1744-599: A part of reforms that were aimed at curbing the powers of local feudal lords, and paved the way towards Estonian independence in 1918. The parish was formed on the grounds of the Harju-Jaani Church Parish [ et ] some time after the law came into force. Other parishes that incorporated parts of the modern Anija Parish in the Harju-Jaani Church Parish include Kehra-Kaunissaare, Paasiku, Kambi-Raasiku, Kiviloo, and Haljava. Kaunissaare became
1853-412: A part of the relatively large ancient village of Saintakæ , which eventually became the modern Raasiku . Also according to the book, the southern parts of the modern parish were located in the ancient Kose parish [ et ] of Harju county and included the villages of Pikva , Rooküla , Kaivere, Alavere , Mõisaaseme, Rasivere , and Voose . Kiviloo , whose historic center is located in
1962-878: A start-of-year adjustment works well with little confusion for events before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar. For example, the Battle of Agincourt is well known to have been fought on 25 October 1415, which is Saint Crispin's Day . However, for the period between the first introduction of the Gregorian calendar on 15 October 1582 and its introduction in Britain on 14 September 1752, there can be considerable confusion between events in Continental Western Europe and in British domains. Events in Continental Western Europe are usually reported in English-language histories by using
2071-407: A storehouse was located just south of the current Raja street and an inn was located just north of the street. A Baptist place of worship was built on top of the remains of the inn at the beginning of the 20th century. The oldest houses south of the pulp mill were also built in the beginning of the 20th century, according to maps and the building register. Between 1919 and 1939, Kehra school operated in
2180-459: A worker's borough on September 13, 1945. Aegviidu became a summering borough on December 29, 1945. Parishes existed in parallel to rural councils until September 26, 1950, when rural councils were split among the newly created regions: The amount of rural councils in Estonia was reduced by half on June 17, 1954, leading to the following outcome: Parts of Anija, Kolga, and Kõnnu Rural Councils became
2289-526: Is 9 February 1649, the date by which his contemporaries in some parts of continental Europe would have recorded his execution. The O.S./N.S. designation is particularly relevant for dates which fall between the start of the "historical year" (1 January) and the legal start date, where different. This was 25 March in England, Wales, Ireland and the colonies until 1752, and until 1600 in Scotland. In Britain, 1 January
SECTION 20
#17328910952702398-587: Is a town in Anija Parish , Harju County , Estonia , best known for its pulp and paper mill . The town stands on the banks of the Jägala River , and it has a station on the Tallinn–Narva railway . As of January 1, 2023, the town had a population of 2,694. The village of Kehra , the town's namesake, was first mentioned in the Danish Census Book as Ketheræ in 1241 . Before 1688, the village had also been referred to as Kecere, Kecnere, Kedere, Kederikull, Kedder, Keyher, Kether, Kädder(e) and Keddar . The village
2507-484: Is also a bus line between Kehra and Kose borough . The parish is home to the reservoirs of Soodla , Raudoja , Aavoja , and Kaunissaare , which belong to the Tallinn water supply system . All of the reservoirs are located on a river that shares the name of the reservoir, except Kaunissaare, which is located on the Jägala River . Soodla reservoir feeds into Raudoja reservoir through a pipe, Raudoja feeds into Aavoja through
2616-554: Is bordered by the Kose road to the west and south, Jägala River to the east, and Tallinn-Narva railway to the north. The village of Jaunack , which was located near the mouth of the Aavoja river , and Kehra mill, which was located near the current car bridge, were first mentioned in the Swedish land audit of 1564–1565. Other nearby land was mostly covered by fields and forests. On a 1856 map,
2725-671: Is home to a large, flooded quarry, that operated between 1985 and 1992. The material extracted from the quarry was used for the construction of the second track of the Tallinn-Tapa railway . The Põhja-Kõrvemaa , Soodla , Voose , and Aegviidu areas are notable for their naturally hilly landscape. The village of Ülejõe is home to a large ash mountain ( Estonian : tuhamägi ), made of the manufacturing leftovers of Kehra pulp and paper mill and general garbage. Religion in Anija Parish (2021) [1] The Tallinn-Narva railway passes through
2834-449: Is speculated that the village of Kehra was settled at latest by the 11th century. The village of Kehra was first mentioned in the Danish Census Book in 1241. According to the book, the village was a part of the Repel parish ( Estonian : Rebala muinaskihelkond ) and had a size of 10 oxgangs ( Estonian : adramaa , German : hakken ). Half of the village belonged to Lambertus and
2943-667: The Aegviidu area and several shorter roads in the town of Kehra , with Kehra- Kaunisaare also reaching outside the town. Kehra- Anija and Soodla -Kõrvemaa sections are scheduled to be built in 2023, nearly connecting Kehra and Aegviidu. In approximate chronological order, other sections scheduled to be built include: Kehra- Vikipalu , Kehra- Lilli -Soodla, Kaunissaare- Pikva - Alavere , Anija- Raasiku , Vetla , Voose -Vetla-Kreo, Vikipalu-Lahinguvälja, Alavere- Rooküla - Lükati . As of 2020, five bus lines were providing local transport in Anija Parish, three of which operate on every workday. There
3052-507: The Estonian Central Polygon was established in 1952, many villages and farmsteads were forcefully left abandoned or destroyed in the area, including what is now eastern Anija Parish: Apuparra, Koitjärve, Kõrveveski, Kulli, Lepasilla, Pruunakõrve, parts of Pillapalu. The former villages and farmsteads lay mostly on the grounds of the modern-day village of Pillapalu. Tapa Region along with Aegviidu borough and rural council became
3161-570: The Jägala River , killing most of fishes downstream from the mill. The pulp mill's chimney, dam and other parts were destroyed by the red army on August 21, 1941. The chimney was rebuilt during the German occupation in October 1942, and the mill started operating again in the summer of 1943. The Germans wanted to destroy the pulp mill in September 1944, before leaving Kehra, but did not succeed. During
3270-572: The Jägala river , and Pirgu watermill on the Jõelähtme river , near the border of Peningi parish. The village of Jõeääre was located directly east of Pikva, on the shores of the Jägala River, in the modern-day village of Arava, while the village of Laksu was located directly west of Pikva, near the modern Laksu main ditch, and is currently also part of Pikva. The village of Kuusiku was located just south-west of
3379-512: The Lehtse Manor [ et ] . The historic Koitjärve , first mentioned in 1518, is located on the lands of modern Pillapalu. Anija Parish was formed as a result of the Baltic Parish Law [ et ] , signed by Alexander II of Russia on March 3, 1866 [ O.S. February 19, 1866], and in force since October 13, 1866 [ O.S. October 1, 1866]. The law was
Anija Parish - Misplaced Pages Continue
3488-592: The Russian Empire and the very beginning of Soviet Russia . For example, in the article "The October (November) Revolution", the Encyclopædia Britannica uses the format of "25 October (7 November, New Style)" to describe the date of the start of the revolution. The Latin equivalents, which are used in many languages, are, on the one hand, stili veteris (genitive) or stilo vetere (ablative), abbreviated st.v. , and meaning "(of/in) old style" ; and, on
3597-459: The St. Petersburg - Tallinn - Paldiski railway was agreed upon by 1862, and it was built between 1869 and 1870. Kehra station was opened in 1872. The railway approximately divided the lands of the manor and the village, and roughly followed the old winter road between Kehra and Aegviidu . The initial station building was located closer to the river than the current one. It was demolished in the first half of
3706-434: The 1950s and 1960s. The apartment buildings in the nearby Lehtmetsa village were built between 1972 and 1988. The current Kehra Gymnasium building was built in 1961. Kehra sports complex was opened in 2003. The pulp mill club was demolished in 2013. The district is bordered by Keskuse street and Kose road to the north, Jägala river to the east, Lehtmetsa village to the south of Aiandi street, and Kose-Jägala highway to
3815-532: The 20th century. The current train station building was first alleged to have been built between 1876 and 1878, after Kehra became a class V railway station in 1876, but newer data suggests that the train station was built in 1896 instead. It is a single-story historistic red brick building with a half-hip roof . Similar buildings used to exist in Kohtla-Nõmme and Auvere , one still exists in Lehtse . Kehra became
3924-532: The 4th century , had drifted from reality . The Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between these figures, between the years 325 and 1582, by skipping 10 days to set the ecclesiastical date of the equinox to be 21 March, the median date of its occurrence at the time of the First Council of Nicea in 325. Countries that adopted the Gregorian calendar after 1699 needed to skip an additional day for each subsequent new century that
4033-579: The Boyne was commemorated with smaller parades on 1 July. However, both events were combined in the late 18th century, and continue to be celebrated as " The Twelfth ". Because of the differences, British writers and their correspondents often employed two dates, a practice called dual dating , more or less automatically. Letters concerning diplomacy and international trade thus sometimes bore both Julian and Gregorian dates to prevent confusion. For example, Sir William Boswell wrote to Sir John Coke from The Hague
4142-455: The British Isles and colonies converted to the Gregorian calendar, instructed that his tombstone bear his date of birth by using the Julian calendar (notated O.S. for Old Style) and his date of death by using the Gregorian calendar. At Jefferson's birth, the difference was eleven days between the Julian and Gregorian calendars and so his birthday of 2 April in the Julian calendar is 13 April in
4251-410: The British colonies, changed the start of the year from 25 March to 1 January, with effect from "the day after 31 December 1751". (Scotland had already made this aspect of the changes, on 1 January 1600.) The second (in effect ) adopted the Gregorian calendar in place of the Julian calendar. Thus "New Style" can refer to the start-of-year adjustment , to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar , or to
4360-574: The German occupation, a POW camp was established to restore the destroyed pulp mill. It was likely a subsidiary of the Tapa POW camp. According to Arthur Puksov, the director of the mill at the time, the prisoners were treated well. According to German records, around 100 prisoners died due to illnesses between 1941 and 1942, and 11 were shot on escape. The camp operated until September 18, 1944. Eight camp officials were convicted in 1945 and one in 1966. After
4469-612: The Gregorian calendar. For example, the Battle of Blenheim is always given as 13 August 1704. However, confusion occurs when an event involves both. For example, William III of England arrived at Brixham in England on 5 November (Julian calendar), after he had set sail from the Netherlands on 11 November (Gregorian calendar) 1688. The Battle of the Boyne in Ireland took place a few months later on 1 July 1690 (Julian calendar). That maps to 11 July (Gregorian calendar), conveniently close to
Anija Parish - Misplaced Pages Continue
4578-466: The Gregorian calendar. Similarly, George Washington is now officially reported as having been born on 22 February 1732, rather than on 11 February 1731/32 (Julian calendar). The philosopher Jeremy Bentham , born on 4 February 1747/8 (Julian calendar), in later life celebrated his birthday on 15 February. There is some evidence that the calendar change was not easily accepted. Many British people continued to celebrate their holidays "Old Style" well into
4687-430: The Julian and Gregorian dating systems respectively. The need to correct the calendar arose from the realisation that the correct figure for the number of days in a year is not 365.25 (365 days 6 hours) as assumed by the Julian calendar but slightly less (c. 365.242 days). The Julian calendar therefore has too many leap years . The consequence was that the basis for the calculation of the date of Easter , as decided in
4796-564: The Julian calendar had added since then. When the British Empire did so in 1752, the gap had grown to eleven days; when Russia did so (as its civil calendar ) in 1918, thirteen days needed to be skipped. In the Kingdom of Great Britain and its possessions, the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 introduced two concurrent changes to the calendar. The first, which applied to England, Wales, Ireland and
4905-510: The Julian date of the subsequent (and more decisive) Battle of Aughrim on 12 July 1691 (Julian). The latter battle was commemorated annually throughout the 18th century on 12 July, following the usual historical convention of commemorating events of that period within Great Britain and Ireland by mapping the Julian date directly onto the modern Gregorian calendar date (as happens, for example, with Guy Fawkes Night on 5 November). The Battle of
5014-518: The Ruunoja River flows into the Soodla River , in the modern-day village of Raudoja . The villages of Otsa and Pirga were located just north and north-east of Lilli, respectively, and are today part of the village of Soodla . The village of Pirsu was located just west of Lilli, on both shores of the Jägala river , and is presently split between the villages of Lilli and Kuusemäe . The village of Oja
5123-409: The area of the parish is forested, while bodies of water account for about 3% of the area. The parish is home to the reservoirs of Soodla , Raudoja , Aavoja , and Kaunissaare , which belong to the Tallinn water supply system . The Jägala River , along with its tributaries of Soodla , Aavoja , Mustjõgi, Jõelähtme , Jänijõgi , and Tarvasjõgi , flow through the parish. The southeastern corner of
5232-400: The banks of the Soodla River , and on the grounds of the modern-day villages of Pillapalu and Koitjärve . The Nelijärve area belonged to Ambla Parish and was sparsely populated. As a result of the 1939 Estonian parish reform, effective since April 1, 1939, Anija Parish: On August 8, 1945, the following rural councils were established on the lands of the previous parishes: Kehra became
5341-444: The bigger Piibe road), and Perila-Jäneda roads pass through the parish. Kehra, the administrative center, is located approximately 32.8 kilometers from the outer edge of Tallinn through Kose-Jägala , Jägala-Käravete , and Tallinn-Narva highways. The journey takes approximately 23 minutes. The parish has a considerable, still-developing network of light traffic roads. Currently existing sections include Kõrvemaa-Aegviidu- Jäneda in
5450-465: The building to the town for 33 604 Estonian kroons . Anija Parish and non-profit organization Kehra Raudteejaam entered into a usufruct agreement regarding the building in February 2010. Kehra Museum has operated in the building since February 12, 2018, and a pizza shop has operated in the eastern part of the building since August 1, 2018. The building was fully renovated by 2019. Mustjõe station
5559-486: The combination of the two. It was through their use in the Calendar Act that the notations "Old Style" and "New Style" came into common usage. When recording British history, it is usual to quote the date as originally recorded at the time of the event, but with the year number adjusted to start on 1 January. The latter adjustment may be needed because the start of the civil calendar year had not always been 1 January and
SECTION 50
#17328910952705668-478: The current Kaunissaare Reservoir by road. The setting of the novel is inspired by the historic Koitjärve area, which is also reflected in the 1979 film adaption of the same name, directed by Leida Laius , filmed in the Paukjärve area, on the eastern border of current Anija Parish. 59°20′14″N 25°20′00″E / 59.33731°N 25.33333°E / 59.33731; 25.33333 Kehra Kehra
5777-413: The current medical center, near the mouth of the hypothetical Karukse stream and was demolished at an undetermined time. The fief on which Kehra Manor would be built was granted to Euphemia Kriedt in 1624. In 1637, the recently built manor was owned by Kriedt's son-in-law, Heinrich Bade. Kriedt's grandson-in-law, Gabriel von Elvering , gained ownership of even more fiefs in the 1660s and according to
5886-401: The district to other parts of Kehra. The northern bridge is next to the railway bridge and is more used, while the southern bridge connects the district to the local stadium. Ülejõe village is located 300 meters north from the railway crossing. The district is bordered by the Jägala River to the west and south, Tallinn-Narva railway to the north, and forest to the east. A car bridge over
5995-428: The end of the 19th century. Kehra park lies to the south of the manor. The current elementary school was built in 1939. The current local government building was built in 1975 to accommodate students. The pharmacy and the medical center were built in 1989. The local EEKB congregation building was built in 1990 as a canteen-office for the local sovkhoz . The congregation acquired the building in 1995. The district
6104-533: The end of the following December, 1661/62 , a form of dual dating to indicate that in the following twelve weeks or so, the year was 1661 Old Style but 1662 New Style. Some more modern sources, often more academic ones (e.g. the History of Parliament ) also use the 1661/62 style for the period between 1 January and 24 March for years before the introduction of the New Style calendar in England. The Gregorian calendar
6213-436: The future Kehra pulp mill to the main railway. On March 25, 1949, 801 people were deported to Siberia from the station, of whom 108 were from the former Anija Parish . The station building was elongated in both directions in 1961 and was renovated in 1963. The current pedestrian railway crossing was closed to cars when the construction of Kose - Jägala highway was finished in 1972. The railway between Kehra and Tallinn
6322-610: The grounds of the Ambla Church Parish [ et ] in 1866. The areas east of Mustjõe train stop and south of Koitjärve bog were all part of Lehtse Parish, except the Nelijärve area in Aegviidu , which was a part of Kärevete Parish. Kärevete Parish was renamed to Ambla Parish in 1892. Kolga Parish was formed on the grounds of the Kuusalu Church Parish [ et ] in 1866. There are also records of
6431-487: The hilly Aegviidu is home to the popular Nelijärve lakes , while many other lakes dot the landscape east of Aegviidu on the lands of the Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve and the village of Jäneda , with Kivijärv, Venejärv, Ännijärv, and Aegviidu blue springs among them. The Kaunismaa area in the village of Kuusemäe , between Kehra and Anija , is home to a collection of small lakes. The village of Mustjõe
6540-441: The historic settlement of Kosenõmme (Kasenõmme). Koonukõrve (Konukõrve) is listed as a farmstead and Mustjõe (Must) is listed as a train stop. The villages of Koolme and Pruuna-Kõrve were located northeast of the village of Jäneda , in the southeastern-most part of the modern-day village of Pillapalu . Nowadays, Kosenõmme makes up the northern part of Aegviidu borough. Koonukõrve was located east of Pillapalu and north of Jäneda, on
6649-575: The life of 19th century Tallinn , from the perspective of a peasant, including a section about peasants from the lands of the historic Anija Manor [ et ] getting beaten up by feudal lords in Tallinn. In 1922, A. H. Tammsaare wrote his novel " Kõrboja Peremees " in the Kaserahu Manor [ et ] , ruins of which currently lay next to the Kose-Jägala road , a kilometer south of
SECTION 60
#17328910952706758-403: The manor in 1914. Marie Ulrich continued to live in the manor until she died on June 27, 1926. The manor was nationalized on May 7, 1926. The state manor drained the nearby wetlands and distributed the land to people for building and farming. The manor was sold to the pulp mill in 1937. On August 3, 1940, Kehra sovkhoz was formed to replace the state manor. When German forces occupied Kehra,
6867-543: The manor was sold to the pulp mill . Kehra agricultural specialty school ( Estonian : Kehra põllumajandusliku kallakuga täienduskool ) was opened in 1939. Harjumaa Folk University ( Estonian : Harjumaa Rahvaülikool ), headed by Johan Ümarik , started operating in Kehra Manor on February 26, 1930. The curriculum was diverse, some lectures had over 100 spectators, most of them locals. The university moved to Ravila in fall 1932, due to better conditions. The school
6976-554: The manor's economic side to the Estonian Agricultural Society ( Estonian : Eestimaa Põllumajanduse Selts ) at the end of the 19th century. The manor started expanding westwards, to the other side of the current Kreutzwaldi street. The manor's granary was built in 1876, the grain dryer in 1912, and the stables in 1914. Currently, Kehra ait, the cultural center, and sewing factory are located in these buildings, respectively. The agricultural society gained full ownership of
7085-454: The mill in June 1995 and the factory was renamed to Horizon Pulp & Paper Ltd. The mill started producing the well-known "Daisy" tissue paper on June 4, 1998. Lennart Meri visited Kehra on the same day. Tolaram Group became a 100% shareholder of the mill in 2008. After village councils ( Estonian : külanõukogud ) were abolished in the newly independent Estonia , Kehra was re-established as
7194-451: The mill produced 55 000 tons of cellulose , 48 500 tons of paper , 120 million paper bags , 450 tons of adhesive tape , and 400 tons of crêpe paper . The mill had 1065 workers, of whom 270 were Estonian. After Estonia regained independence, the mill became known as Kehra Paber . The production halted on November 13, 1992, due to breakage in the recovery boiler. The company declared bankruptcy on March 1, 1993. Tolaram Group acquired
7303-458: The modern day Kaunissaare reservoir . The village of Palu was located north of the village of Voose, and south of the Perila-Jäneda road in the modern village of Rasivere. The village of Soo-otsa was located just north-west of the village of Palu, along the Perila-Jäneda road in the modern village of Rasivere. The village of Mõisaaseme was located just south of the village of Soo-Otsa, and east of
7412-527: The modern village of Lükati , is also mentioned. The south-eastern part of the parish has historically been a part of Ambla parish [ et ] of Järva county , while the north-eastern part of the parish was a part of Kuusalu parish [ et ] , both being sparsely populated. There have been several historic settlements on the lands of modern Pillapalu and Aegviidu , including Kosenõmme, Rekka, Kaikvõhma, Koolma, Koonukõrve, and Laudisalu, all of which were mentioned in 1379 as belonging to
7521-418: The new, four-story building on Kooli street. The previous school building became a dormitory for the students. A new dormitory was built in 1975, and the elementary school started operating in the now free rooms. Since 1988, the school has had 12 grades. The dormitory was closed in 1998, and its rooms are currently occupied by the local government . The school became a gymnasium in 2007. The gymnasium building
7630-482: The north-eastern corner of the current pulp and paper mill . For some time around the end of the 17th century, the mill was temporarily located 100 meters upstream from the mouth of the Aavoja river, near the village of Jaunack . The mill in its original location was demolished in 1936 to make room for the pulp mill that was going to be built. Karukse mill ( Karockas quarn) was likely located around 20–50 meters upstream from
7739-419: The northern parts of the modern parish were located in the ancient Jõelähtme parish [ et ] of Revala county and included the villages of Aavere , Anija , Kõlu, Soodla , Kihmla , Pirsu, Kehra , and Parila . Kaersoo, which is also mentioned in the book, was divided between the modern villages of Sambu and Salumäe in 1977. It is speculated that some parts of the modern Linnakse were once
7848-556: The original Rasivere, and is also part of Rasivere in modern times. Taganurga was located east of the Vetla watermill, on the eastern bank of the Jägala River. Nõmbra is nowadays part of Kose Parish . According to the 1923 list of Estonian settlements released by the Estonian postal authority, the areas of Lehtse Parish that lied on the grounds of modern Anija Parish consisted of the villages of Aegviidu borough , Koolme, Pruuna-Kõrve, and of
7957-449: The origins of the name Kehra: In 1940, excavations on the Andevei property in the village of Kehra uncovered a treasure containing 421 silver coins , most recent of which was minted in 978 AD. Out of the 421 coins, 411 were Samanid , 5 Byzantine , 3 German , 1 Anglo-Saxon , and 1 Bohemian . Remains of iron tools and pieces of earthenware were also found nearby. Based on this, it
8066-414: The other half to Stenhackær . The village was baptized either in 1219 or 1220, likely at the same time as the villages of Saunja , Soodla , Aavere , Anija , Kõlu, Pirsu, Kihmla , and Parila . In 1249, Kehra and Paasiku villages were given to the bishop of Tallinn , whose successors later founded Fegefyr Manor ( Estonian : Kiviloo mõis ). According to the Swedish land audit of 1564–1565,
8175-403: The other, stili novi or stilo novo , abbreviated st.n. and meaning "(of/in) new style". The Latin abbreviations may be capitalised differently by different users, e.g., St.n. or St.N. for stili novi . There are equivalents for these terms in other languages as well, such as the German a.St. (" alter Stil " for O.S.). Usually, the mapping of New Style dates onto Old Style dates with
8284-558: The parish and is serviced by Elron . Long distance trains stop in Kehra , Aegviidu , and Nelijärve , while local Tallinn-Aegviidu trains stop in Parila , Kehra, Lahinguvälja , Mustjõe , and Aegviidu. It takes about 19 minutes to reach Kehra on a long distance train from Ülemiste , and 31 minutes to reach Aegviidu. Meanwhile, local Tallinn-Aegviidu trains take about 10 more minutes due to additional stops. Kose-Jägala , Jägala-Käravete (part of
8393-550: The parish, including people from the Kehra area. The first school in the village of Kehra was established in 1738, and it operated inconsistently. It is claimed that in 1785, Kehra school was the worst school in Harju-Jaani parish, and by 1787, it had ceased operations, as had several other schools in the parish. The first school that started operating consistently was opened in fall 1850, a few days before St. Martin's Day , according to
8502-484: The resulting establishment became known as Kehra Tselluloosi- ja Paberikombinaadi lastepäevakodu . The local sovkhoz opened kindergarten Lepatriinu on March 1, 1980, in Lehtmetsa village . The pulp mill's kindergarten was temporarily closed in 1992 because the pulp mill went bankrupt. The pulp mill's kindergarten became known as Lastetare in 1995. Currently both kindergartens are operated by Anija parish . The route of
8611-469: The river is planned to be built between 2024 and 2026. The first property on the land of the district existed by 1870 and was known as Selja renditalu . Before the large scale development of the district began in 1956, only two more properties were built - Nurme and Lehtmetsa. The land was mostly covered with sparse spruce forest. Old Style and New Style dates Old Style ( O.S. ) and New Style ( N.S. ) indicate dating systems before and after
8720-413: The same day. The populated areas south of Koitjärve bog , around the village of Pillapalu , were transferred from Jõelehtme and Nehatu Parishes to Anija Parish on July 1, 1923, with the forested areas being transferred on January 1, 1925. Verioja area was also gradually transferred as part of the same agreements. According to the 1922 Estonian census data, released in 1924, Anija Parish consisted of
8829-513: The same time. Construction of the pulp mill began in 1936 and brought along large scale development of Kehra. Most of the buildings in Uusasula were built between 1953 and 1991. Construction in the Põrgupõhja district began in 1956. Ülejõe district was supposed to become a summer resort area and the houses were built between 1932 and 1969. According to the Swedish land audit of 1564–1565, Karukse mill
8938-426: The school had five grades, and six grades since 1930. On October 8, 1939, the school started operating in the newly built property on Kreutzwaldi street, where the elementary school currently operates. The school became an incomplete middle school ( Estonian : mittetäielik keskkool ) in 1944, and a middle school in 1946. Russian grades were opened in 1947. On October 8, 1961, the school started operating in
9047-419: The school had three grades and around 30-50 students. The school became a four grade school in 1918 due to a nation-wide school reform. On November 1, 1919, the school moved and started operating just north of the current train station, on the current property of Anija maantee 2. The building was made out of wood and had two stories. It was built in 1914 and destroyed during the second world war . Since 1928,
9156-418: The school was renamed to Kehra School of Fine Arts ( Estonian : Kehra Kunstidekool ). The whole school started operating in the same building as the elementary school in 2013. The first kindergarten started operating in Kehra Manor in 1946. It was operated by the pulp mill . A new building for the kindergarten was built on Laste street in 1954. The kindergarten and the local nursery were merged in 1972,
9265-501: The second world war . According to the district's plan from 1935, 28 plots of land were allocated for building, but those were split into smaller plots during the Soviet occupation . According to the same plan, there should have been more houses between Lõhmuse street and the river , sporting facilities and shops near the current stadium, and a bridge over the river between Kalda and Kase streets. There are two suspension bridges that connect
9374-722: The sovkhoz became the state manor again. On April 18, 1945, the state manor was converted back into a sovkhoz one last time. Now under the Soviet rule, the manor building was used as a nursery until 1956, and as a hospital between 1956 and 1994. The sovkhoz ceased operations on July 17, 1995. The manor is currently privately owned. S. Milvi, Kehra külakool 1850-1918 S. Milvi, Kehra kool 1918-1945 Kehra gümnaasiumi arengukava 2009-2014 , 2014-2017 , 2018-2022 The first school in Harju-Jaani parish started operating in 1717 in Raasiku . The graduates subsequently spread their knowledge to others in
9483-521: The spring of 1820, who subsequently bought it. The manor was rebuilt in the 1820s and is still standing. In 1847, the manor was sold to Dietrich Johann Georg von Tiesenhausen, who sold it to Alexander Georg Matthias von Essen in 1855. In 1864, he gifted the manor to his daughter, Margarethe Gertrude Henriette von Ulrich. Her daughter, Marie Jeanette Katharina von Ulrich, inherited the manor in 1904, when her mother died. Marie Ulrich gave control of
9592-407: The station building and the current pedestrian railway crossing. Trains started servicing them on December 5, 2011. The old waiting platform was demolished shortly after. Elektriraudtee AS gained ownership of the station building after Estonia became independent and started selling train tickets there. In November 1997, the sale of tickets moved onto trains, and on April 13, 1998, the company sold
9701-401: The village of Kehra was part of Kiviloo Manor and had a size of 13 oxgangs. The village of Jaunack ( Janakas, Jannikkas ) was first mentioned in the same audit. It was near the mouth of the Aavoja river and had a size of two oxgangs. Kehra and Karrock mills were also first mentioned in the same audit. Kehra mill ( Kedder quarn ) was located 100 meters upstream from the current car bridge, in
9810-497: The village of Pirga. According to the 1922 Estonian census data, the villaged of Alavere Parish consisted of Arava , Jõeääre, Kuusiku, Laksu, Palu, Pikva , Rasivere , Rooküla (Rookla), Soo-otsa (Sootsa), Taganurga, Uuearu , the settlements of Alavere , Rooküla , and of Kaunissaare , Nõmbra , Pikva manors. In addition, the 1923 list of Estonian settlements released by the Estonian postal authority also mentions Mõisaaseme settlement, Jõeääre, Pikaveski, and Vetla watermills on
9919-401: The villages of Aavere , Härmakosu (Härmakoosu), Kehra , Kõrve (Kärve), Loo (Kerbuküla), Oja, Otsa, Pillapalu , Pirga, Pirsu, Soodla , Vikipalu , Ülejõe , and of Anija , Kehra manors. Additionally, the 1923 list of Estonian settlements released by the Estonian postal authority also mentions the village of Pringu and Lilli , Mullikmäe settlements. The village of Kõrve was located where
10028-553: The villages of Aavere , Kihmla , Linnakse , Parila , and Salumäe became a part of Anija Rural Council because they were a part of the Kehra sovkhoz, and the villages of Arava , Pikva , and the former Jõeääre became part of Kose Rural Council because they were a part of the Alavere sovkhoz. Additionally, most of the areas gained from Vohnja Rural Council in 1963 were transferred to Kuusalu Rural Council. Kehra and Aegviidu boroughs underwent border changes. On October 28, 1983,
10137-462: The villages of Alavere , Arava , Lükati , Pikva , Rasivere , Rooküla , Uuearu , Vetla , and Voose were transferred from Kose Rural Council to Anija Rural Council. After the soviet occupation of Estonia ended, Anija parish was re-established on January 16, 1992 in the borders of the preceding Anija Rural Council. The town of Kehra became a part of the parish on December 2, 2002 and the borough of Aegviidu on October 21, 2017. Around half of
10246-409: The war, the pulp mill produced electricity for Tallinn and heated buildings in Kehra. By 1955, the pulp mill had reached pre-war production level and started producing kraft paper . The mill started producing sewn paper sacks in 1957 and glued paper sacks in 1962. The pulp mill began treating its wastewater biologically in 1977, which significantly improved the condition of the Jägala River . In 1988,
10355-445: The west. New buildings are planned on Aia street and a new residential area is planned south of the local rescue squad building, between Kooli street and the highway. In the early 1930s, there were plans to build a summer resort area on the opposite side of the river from Kehra Manor in an area then known as Kopli mets . The first houses were built in 1932 and the last one was built in 1969. The apartment buildings were built before
10464-474: Was altered at different times in different countries. From 1155 to 1752, the civil or legal year in England began on 25 March ( Lady Day ); so for example, the execution of Charles I was recorded at the time in Parliament as happening on 30 January 164 8 (Old Style). In newer English-language texts, this date is usually shown as "30 January 164 9 " (New Style). The corresponding date in the Gregorian calendar
10573-587: Was celebrated as the New Year festival from as early as the 13th century, despite the recorded (civil) year not incrementing until 25 March, but the "year starting 25th March was called the Civil or Legal Year, although the phrase Old Style was more commonly used". To reduce misunderstandings about the date, it was normal even in semi-official documents such as parish registers to place a statutory new-year heading after 24 March (for example "1661") and another heading from
10682-562: Was covered by Karukopli and Karukse meadows, which were separated by the alleged Karukse stream. Most of the apartment buildings in the district were built between 1953 and 1991, according to the building register. The Stalinist buildings next to the Kose road were built between 1953 and 1958, including the pulp mill club. The apartment buildings on Aia street and Kooli 12 were built between 1962 and 1966. The apartment buildings on Kooli and Keskuse streets were built between 1968 and 1991. The residential buildings on Kooli street were mostly built in
10791-400: Was electrified in 1973, and a new waiting platform was built 200 meters towards Tallinn from the former station. The railway between Kehra and Aegviidu was electrified in 1978. The second pair of rails between Raasiku and Kehra was laid in 1985 and was electrified in 1986. In fall 2002, half of the waiting platform was demolished and never rebuilt. The new waiting platforms were built between
10900-496: Was established as a music school ( Estonian : Kehra Laste-Muusikakool ) on August 16, 1962. It operated in the gymnasium building. In 1970, one part of the arts school was moved to the pulp mill club and the other part to the basement of the Spordi 3 property. The school gained three rooms in the current elementary school in 1975. The school started teaching visual arts in 1989. In 1990, the entire school moved to Kose maantee 22. In 1991,
11009-409: Was first mentioned on the Estonian topographic map of 1935. An oxygen factory started operating there in 1937. The station ceased operating at some point and was reopened in 1978, when the railway was electrified. Lahinguvälja station was opened in 1939, near the place, where the battle of Kehra took place. The station was renamed to Vikipalu in 1957 and back to Lahinguvälja in 2009. Parila station
11118-642: Was formed on the grounds of the Kose Church Parish [ et ] in 1866, only to disintegrate into three separate parishes in 1870: Alavere , Pikva , and Rooküla . The three parishes became a part of Palvere Parish on May 7, 1891 [ O.S. April 25, 1891]. Palvere Parish was renamed to Nikolai Parish on October 8, 1891 [ O.S. October 27, 1891]. The areas of the former three parishes were separated from Nikolai Parish on July 15, 1899 [ O.S. July 3, 1899] and became Alavere Parish. Lehtse and Kärevete Parishes were formed on
11227-561: Was formed to operate the pulp mill. It was the largest company established during the first independence of Estonia . Construction of the pulp mill began in 1937 and ended in 1938. The opening event took place on August 25, 1938. It was attended by Konstantin Päts , Johan Laidoner , and Kaarel Eenpalu , among many other important officials. 11700 and 34400 tons of sulphate cellulose were manufactured in 1938 and 1939, respectively. The pulp mill had 464 workers in 1939. The pulp mill seriously polluted
11336-545: Was implemented in Russia on 14 February 1918 by dropping the Julian dates of 1–13 February 1918 , pursuant to a Sovnarkom decree signed 24 January 1918 (Julian) by Vladimir Lenin . The decree required that the Julian date was to be written in parentheses after the Gregorian date, until 1 July 1918. It is common in English-language publications to use the familiar Old Style or New Style terms to discuss events and personalities in other countries, especially with reference to
11445-530: Was known as both Kehrakyla and Käihra in 1688, and as Kehra in 1732 Kehra Manor , the town's predecessor, was first established sometime between 1624 and 1637, one kilometer south of the village. Initially it was known as Karrock Manor ( Estonian : Karukse mõis ), later as Jaunack Manor ( Estonian : Jaunaku mõis ), and by 1688 as Kedder Manor. The name stuck around until Estonia first became independent and place names were estonianized . The following Estonian words are speculated to be
11554-419: Was located just south-east of the place where the manor currently is, near the mouth of the alleged Karukse stream. The manor itself was first built sometime between 1624 and 1637. Karukse meadow lied to the west of the manor complex, other nearby lands were covered by forests. The railway station building was built between 1876 and 1878. The manor complex did not expand west of the current Kreutzwaldi street until
11663-453: Was located on the shores of the Aavoja River , in the southern part of the modern village of Ülejõe. Mullikmäe was located north of Aavere, on the road that connects the village of Anija with the Piibe road, and is presently part of the village of Partsaare . The relatively unknown village of Pringu was home to the local municipal hall ( vallamaja ) and has usually been counted as a part of
11772-473: Was opened in 1973, when the railway was electrified. In the 1930s, the Estonian state had plans to build a new modern pulp mill that could process pine . On September 28, 1936, Kehra was chosen as the location of the new pulp mill due to its proximity to the railway , a river , and the capital city . In addition to that, most of the land was already owned by the state. Eesti Metsa ja Tselluloosi Aktsiaühing
11881-421: Was renovated in 2012, and the elementary school building was renovated sporadically between 2013 and 2018. The surroundings of the gymnasium were thoroughly renovated in 2020. There were plans to establish an agricultural school in Kehra in 1914. For a short amount of time in 1921, the school operated in Kehra. Keila agricultural school was transferred to Kehra Manor in 1934, where it operated until 1937, when
#269730