The Anichkov family or ( Onichkov ) is an ancient Russian noble family .
23-529: The Anichkov family is an ancient Russian noble family, first documented when Ivan Alexandrovich and Alexander Nikiforovich submitted documents for entry into the Velvet Book on September 20, 1687, and March 19, 1686, respectively. Stepan Alexandrovich is recorded to have sent a discharge order petitioning the Trinity-Sergius Monastery to obtain extracts from the chronicler regarding the origins of
46-578: A Stryapchy ( Russian : Солиситор ), "with a key" (a role akin to a chamberlain , with authority over the Tsar's household treasury and close access to the Tsar) was I. M. Anichkov, a member of the Ufa Anichkovs. In 1643, to prevent a reduction in status in this branch's place in the mestnichestvo , the stryapchy's petition stated that "losses" had resulted through distant relatives who were exiled to Ufa during
69-597: A precious gold cross, while the Grand Duke granted him a living stipend . These gifts were kept in the Anichkov family as relics. The landowners of Derevskaya Pyatina were: Gregory, Vasily, Andrey, Gleb, and Ivan Ivanovich Anichkovs (1495). Derevskaya pyatina is one of the pyatina in Novgorod Land until the 18th century. Mikhail and Polievkt Grigorievich were killed near Orsha (1514). Fyodor Denisievich voivode of troops in
92-517: A third of the duma. Under the reign of Catherine II , reforms to local government led to city dumas being established in Russian cities. Under the reign of Alexander II, several reforms were enacted during the 1860s and 1870s. These included the creation of local political bodies known as zemstvos . All owners of houses, tax-paying merchants and workmen are enrolled on lists in a descending order according to their assessed wealth. The total valuation
115-661: Is also related to the Russian verb dumat′ ( думать ) meaning "to think". The term boyar duma ( боярская дума , boyarskaya duma ) is used to refer to the councils of boyars and junior boyars ( boyar scions ) which advised the prince on state matters during the times of Kievan Rus' and the Tsardom of Russia (then tsar). In 1711 Peter the Great transferred its functions to the Governing Senate . Contemporary sources always refer simply to "the boyars" or to "the duma", but never to
138-587: Is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia ( parliament ), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia . Under Russia's 1993 constitution, there are 450 deputies of the State Duma (Article 95), each elected to a term of four years (Article 96); this was changed to a five-year term in late 2008. In previous elections of 1993, 1995, 1999 and 2003 one half of the deputies were elected by
161-410: Is then divided into three equal parts, representing three groups of electors very unequal in number, each of which elects an equal number of delegates to the municipal duma. The executive is in the hands of an elective mayor and an uprava , which consists of several members elected by the duma. Under Alexander III , however, by laws promulgated in 1892 and 1894, the municipal dumas were subordinated to
184-414: The "boyar duma". Originally there were ten to twelve boyars and five or six okolnichies . By 1613 the duma had increased to twenty boyars and eight okolnichies . Lesser nobles, "duma gentlemen" ( dumnye dvoriane ) and secretaries, were added to the duma and the number of okolnichies rose in the latter half of the 17th century. In 1676, the number of boyars increased to 50 – by then they constituted only
207-651: The 16th century. According to the latter genealogy , a member of the family of the Tatar Berke Khan , ruler of the Golden Horde , became a great friend of Ivan I Kalita - later the Grand Duke of Moscow (1325) - and entered his service in 1301. Berke's relative was baptised, taking the name Berkey Onikii , and married the daughter of Vikula of the noble house of Vorontsov . From this adopted name, his descendants began to be called Onichkov , or Anichkov . The baptism
230-425: The 17th century, Voivode O. G. Anichkov founded the city of Kuznetsk (now Novokuznetsk ), and F. M. Anichkov served as the Russian ambassador to Sweden . The Armorial of Anisim Titovich Knyazev of 1785 features two images of seals displaying the coat of arms representative of the Anichkov family: Velvet Book The Velvet Book ( Russian : Бархатная книга , romanized : Barkhatnaya kniga )
253-593: The 18th century, city dumas were formed across Russia. The first formally constituted state duma was the Imperial State Duma introduced to the Russian Empire by Emperor Nicholas II in 1905. The Emperor retained an absolute veto and could dismiss the State Duma at any time for a suitable reason. Nicholas dismissed the First State Duma (1906) within 75 days; elections for a second Duma took place
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#1732868595049276-411: The Anichkov family were beneficiaries of mestnichestvo , a system which gave nobles prestigious positions at the royal court, or other government posts, according to set rules of precedence for the aristocratic houses and an individual's seniority. At times disputes would arise regarding the proper place of a noble clan within the hierarchy. One petitioner in such a case, the holder of a high position as
299-507: The Anichkovs, which were granted on May 31, 1688. In one pedigree of a painting submitted by the Anichkovs, the family is shown to be connected to the Blokhin and Ufimtsevs families. The Anichkovs have also been closely associated with the city of St. Petersburg over the past three centuries, lending their name to numerous urban infrastructure features. The lineage has been recorded since
322-571: The State Duma, and endow the Duma with legislative and oversight powers. However, Nicholas II was determined to retain his autocratic power. Just before the creation of the Duma in May 1906, the Tsar issued the Fundamental Laws . It stated in part that the Tsar's ministers could not be appointed by, and were not responsible to, the Duma, thus denying responsible government at the executive level. Furthermore,
345-634: The Tsar had the power to dismiss the Duma and announce new elections whenever he wished. At this first meeting of the Duma members proposed that political prisoners should be released, trade unions given rights and land reform be introduced. Nicholas II rejected these suggestions and dissolved the assembly in July, 1906. The imperial State Duma was elected four times: in 1906, twice in 1907, and in 1912. The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума, Gosudarstvennaya Duma , common abbreviation: Госдума, Gosduma ) in Russia
368-476: The ancient genealogical register from 1555 ( Gosudarev Rodoslovets ) featuring the family trees of Rurikid and Gediminid princely houses. An important addendum contains a set of genealogies prepared by the non-princely noble families on the basis of their family records. As it was fashionable to trace one's blood line back to a foreign immigrant, all sorts of fantasy genealogies abound. The Velvet Book first appeared in print in 1787: Nikolai Novikov prepared
391-688: The campaign of the Grand Duke Vasily III to Kazan (1530). Boyar Ivan Grigorievich was guarantor for the boyars (1563), siege head in Salekh (1578-1579), and Kholm (1682-1584). Novgorod boyar sons: Bogdan and Semyon Ivanovich Anichkovs were granted estates (2 October 1552). In the Battle of Molodi Aleksey Dmitrievich from Serpeisk died (July 1572). The tsar's charter mentions († 1603) Malice Onichkov, whose lands received from his grandfather (1597) were transferred to Ivan Mikhailovich Onichkov. Branches of
414-522: The first edition at the Moscow University Press. The full list of families from the Velvet Book may be consulted here . The book has also appeared in an online version . Duma A duma ( Russian : дума ) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term boyar duma is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in
437-1403: The following year. The Russian Provisional Government dissolved the last Imperial State Duma (the fourth Duma) in 1917 during the Russian Revolution . Since 1993, the State Duma ( Государственная дума , Gosudarstvennaya Duma ) has functioned as the lower legislative house of the Russian Federation . The Russian word is inherited from the Proto-Slavic word *duma which is of disputed origin. Its origin has many proposed theories that provide convincing evidence to support each proposed origin. Mladenov, Stender-Petersen: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”), perhaps originally meaning “breath, spirit”. Compare Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós, “soul, emotion”), occasionally also “thought, mind”. Vaillant: Contracted from hypothetical *douma < *do- + *umъ (“mind”) + *-a. Compare *douměti (“to comprehend”) (whence Russian надоу́мить (nadoúmitʹ, “to advise”)). Machek: From an inversion of root *mewHdʰ-, otherwise yielding Proto-Slavic *myslь (“thought”), Ancient Greek μῦθος (mûthos, “word, fable”). Also thought to be derived from Proto-Germanic *dōmaz . The word
460-609: The governors in the same way as the zemstvos. In 1894 municipal institutions, with still more restricted powers, were granted to several towns in Siberia, and in 1895 to some in Caucasia. Under the pressure of the Russian Revolution of 1905 , on 6 August 1905, Sergei Witte issued a manifesto about the convocation of the Duma, initially thought to be an advisory organ. In the subsequent October Manifesto , Nicholas II pledged to introduce basic civil liberties , provide for broad participation in
483-684: The reign of Ivan the Terrible . According to him, they were "extremely ossified" in Ufa, subsisting "in extreme poverty" and "must obey the Voivodes (governors) who are worse than those of their homeland". The request was heard, and in the decree was written: "Ufimtsov Onichkovs are not ordered to undergo any loss in position." In the 16th and 17th centuries, among the Anichkovs there were many stewards, and Duma nobles, some of whom became governors of large cities, such as Kursk , Yaroslavl , Ufa , and Cheboksary . In
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#1732868595049506-433: Was an official register of genealogies of Russia's most noble families ( Russian nobility ). The book is bound in red velvet , hence the name. It was compiled during the regency of Sophia (1682–1687) after Tsar Fyodor III of Russia abolished the old system of ranks ( mestnichestvo ) and all the ancient pedigree books had been burnt to prevent contention between the feuding aristocratic clans. The Velvet Book includes
529-510: Was performed by Peter , the Metropolitan of Kyiv , who blessed the new Christian with a gold Panagia , decorated with expensive stones and containing relics , and a silver ladle with the inscription: " ... the humble Metropolitan Peter of Kiev and all Rus' bless at his holy baptism Prince Berkey and his sons with the name of Aniky." The Grand Duchess, Elena, wife of Ivan Kalita, was Godmother to Berkey and presented him, among other gifts, with
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